CN101691208B

CN101691208B - Method for preparing nanometer materials for removing radioactive elements

Info

Publication number: CN101691208B
Application number: CN2009102177081A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩炜; 丘比克·马克西姆; 李爽; 牛晓巍; 陈海峰; 马玉刚; 周亮; 韩旭
Original assignee: Jilin University
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 2009-10-12
Filing date: 2009-10-12
Publication date: 2012-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 2029-10-12
Also published as: CN101691208A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nanometer materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a nanometer material capable of efficiently removing radioactive elements in sewage. The method comprises the steps of: weighing 0.3 to 0.4g of nano-Ti powder with the grain diameter of between 30 and 180nm first, adding the nano-Ti powder into 30 to 40ml of NaOH solution with the concentration of 10mol/L, and fully stirring the mixed solution; placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic generator, performing ultrasonic treatment for 0.5 to 2h at normal temperature, and taking out the solution; pouring the solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, and then placing the solution into a baking oven with a temperature of between 110 and 160 DEG C for heat preservation for 20 to 30h; and using a funnel to filter the prepared mixture at room temperature, and drying a filter material in a drying cabinet at a temperature of between 60 and 80 DEG C for 2 to 3h to obtain the nanometer material for removing the radioactive elements. The material prepared by the method has the characteristics of strong removal capacity on radioactive elements in water, high removal degree and high efficiency, and has rather large saturation degree.

Description

Remove the preparation of nanomaterials of radioactive element

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of nano material, be specifically related to a kind of preparation of nanomaterials that can efficiently remove radioactive element in the sewage.

Technical background

Along with the fast development of global economic integration, improving constantly of people's living standard causes problem of environmental pollution to become increasingly conspicuous.World Health Organization's survey data shows, global human is fallen ill, and poor water quality accounts for 80% in the reason.78 urban statistics of the U.S. show that quality problem accounts for 95% in the infectious disease pathogenesis.It is thus clear that water pollution problems has been brought human survival and health and has been seriously influenced and threaten." Chinese environmental communique (2000) year " point out " China's surface water pollution is general, the section organic matter heavy contamination in the city of particularly flowing through, the lake eutrophication problem is outstanding; Underground water receives point-like or planar pollution, and water level descends, the imbalance between supply and demand of aggravation drinking-water resource.China is mainly the river as the surface water of drinking water source, lake and reservoir.The terrestrial reference drinking water source in many places is III-IV class water body for a long time, sometimes in addition do not reach IV class water body ".

In the last few years, radioactive pollution was very serious.Radioactive pollution is to cause after radioactive substance gets into water body.Radioactive pollutant is mainly derived from the cooling water that nuclear power factory is discharged, and to the radwaste of ocean dumping, nuclear explosion drops to the fall-out of water body, the nuclear fuel of atomic-powered ship accident leakage; Exploitation, refine and when using radioactive substance,, also can cause radioactive pollution if deal with improperly.Radioactive pollutant in the water body can also can get into organism and accumulate attached to organism surface, also can produce internal radiation to the people through food chain.

People pay attention to the radioactive material contamination source further, and it is administered and discharge standard strictness day by day.New " drinking water sanitary standard " put into effect of China 2006 (GB5749-2006) newly revised the water quality detection limit value of radioactive substance concentration, relevant radioactive substance water quality conventional index and limit value such as following table:

Radioactive indicator	Standard
		Total (Bq/L)	0.5

Up to now, both at home and abroad the improvement that contains radioactive substance waste water is still improved with thorough inadequately, eliminated far away.The main technology of water purification technology of removing radioactive substance at present has: absorption method, hyperfiltration and the way of distillation.In conventional sewage disposal; Because the specific area of titanyl compound is big; The waterborne radioactivity element is had stronger suction-operated, and at the water treatment characterization of adsorption that can give full play to this material in service, this nano material has high adsorption capacity; Be prone to characteristics such as filtration, be used for the advanced treating of water in recent years gradually.

Summary of the invention

The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of nano granule water purifying material that can effectively remove radioactive element in the sewage.This nano particle is in the environment of aqueous alkali, to react the synthetic TiO that obtains by the Ti powder that we buy ₂Nanotube is a white powder.

Preparation of nanomaterials according to the invention is following:

1. (particle diameter is 30～180nm) to join in the NaOH solution that 30～40ml concentration is 10mol/L, fully stirs the nanometer Ti powder of buying to be taken by weighing 0.3～0.4g;

2. mixed solution is placed ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic at normal temperatures 0.5～2h takes out;

3. solution is poured in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) agitated reactor, put into 110～160 ℃ of baking oven insulation 20～30h again;

4. the above-mentioned mixture that makes is at room temperature carried out filtering with funnel, with filtrate under 60～80 ℃ of temperature in drying box dry 2～3h, promptly obtain nano material of the present invention.

Fig. 1 can find out this Ti powder glomeration for buying the transmission electron microscope photo of nanometer Ti powder by figure, and particle diameter is approximately 30～180nm.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are TiO of the present invention ₂The transmission electron microscope photo of nano material, by can finding out among the figure, this nano material in a tubular form, caliber is 5～10nm, pipe range 100～400nm, and be 259.374m through the specific area that the specific surface appearance records material ²/ g this shows that this material has very big adsorption capacity.

In sum, high molecule nano material of the present invention is used to handle the sewage that contains radioactive element, compares with existing existing water technology and have following advantage:

1. the preparation method is simple, and low price is easy to use, and effect is remarkable;

2. removal ability is strong, and it is high to remove cleanliness, efficiently removes the radioactive element in the water, and has sizable saturation degree;

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: be the electromicroscopic photograph of Ti powder;

Fig. 2: TiO ₂The electromicroscopic photograph of nano material;

Fig. 3: TiO ₂The electromicroscopic photograph of nano material.

The specific embodiment

Embodiment 1:

The Ti powder of getting 0.3g is (after particle diameter is 30～180nm); Joining 30ml is equipped with in the beaker of NaOH solution of 10mol/L; Fully stir, place ultrasonic tank sonic oscillation 0.5h then at normal temperatures, be poured into after the taking-up in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) agitated reactor; Again agitated reactor is put into 110 ℃ baking oven and be incubated 30h, take out cooling at room temperature afterwards; The above-mentioned mixed liquor that makes is filtered, and in drying box, 60 ℃ of drying 2～3h of temperature promptly obtain nano material of the present invention with filtrate.

Take by weighing uranyl nitrtate 0.018g, join in the distilled water of 1L, fully stir, be made into the aqueous solution of the uranyl nitrtate of 0.018g/L.Get 7 small beakers; Pour the aqueous solution of this uranyl nitrtate that 30ml configures in each beaker into; The nano materials of the present invention (0.0018g, 0.0039g, 0.0070g, 0.0102,0.0198,0.0412, do not add) that add different amounts in the beaker fully stir; After ultrasonic 20 minutes, staticly settle.Respectively at taking out supernatant liquor after 1 day with after 10 days, with the concentration of uranium element in ICP-MS7500a/ce (icp ms) the survey solution.

Table 1: after placing one day (24h), the adsorpting data of the uranium element in the supernatant

Numbering	Adsorbent mass (g)	U concentration of element (ppb)	Adsorption rate (%)
				1	0.0018	4528	70.50
2	0.0039	6965	54.63
				3	0.0070	2076	86.48
4	0.0102	1813	88.12
				5	0.0198	1396	90.91
6	0.0412	1680	89.06
				7	--------	15350	0

Table 2: place 10 days (240h) adsorpting data of the uranium element in the supernatant

Numbering	Adsorbent mass (g)	U concentration of element (ppb)	Adsorption rate (%)
				1	0.0018	445.1	97.204
2	0.0039	96.52	99.394
				3	0.0070	203.8	98.720
4	0.0102	204.9	98.713
				5	0.0198	280.4	98.239
6	0.0412	690.6	95.662
				7	--------------	15920	0

Can find out that by above two tables material of the present invention has very high removal efficient for radioactive element, and along with the growth of time has very big saturation degree.

Claims

1. remove the preparation of nanomaterials of radioactive element, its step is following:

1) take by weighing the nanometer Ti powder that 0.3～0.4g particle diameter is 30～180nm, joining 30～40ml concentration is in the NaOH solution of 10mol/L, fully stirs;

2) mixed solution is placed ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic at normal temperatures 0.5～2h takes out;

3) with step 2) solution that makes pours in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) agitated reactor, puts into 110～160 ℃ of baking ovens insulation 20～30h again;

4) the above-mentioned mixture that makes is at room temperature filtered with funnel, with filtrate under 60～80 ℃ of temperature in drying box dry 2～3h, promptly obtain removing the nano material of radioactive element.