CN101686706A - 用于婴儿食品和药物组合物的功能性血清蛋白制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于婴儿食品和药物组合物的功能性血清蛋白制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101686706A CN101686706A CN200880012263A CN200880012263A CN101686706A CN 101686706 A CN101686706 A CN 101686706A CN 200880012263 A CN200880012263 A CN 200880012263A CN 200880012263 A CN200880012263 A CN 200880012263A CN 101686706 A CN101686706 A CN 101686706A
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Abstract
本发明涉及血清蛋白制品,其适宜作为食品和药物组合物,特别是婴幼儿食品的成分。本发明还提供了一种基于乳奶微过滤,制备该血清蛋白制品的方法。本发明提供一种制备血清蛋白制品的方法,包括在10-20℃下,通过0.3-0.5μm孔径的膜对牛乳进行微过滤制备渗透液。
Description
本发明涉及血清蛋白制品,其适于作为食品和药物组合物,特别是婴幼儿食品的成分。本发明还提供一种基于微过滤来自反刍动物的乳奶制备血清蛋白制品的方法,以及在食物和药物组合物中的应用。
当人乳不够用或由于其他原因,不能或不想食用人乳制食品时,基于牛乳的婴儿食品通常被认为是好的选择。由于牛乳和人乳的组分差别很大,人们已经进行了大量的研究以使得婴儿食品中的组分与人乳组分尽可能地大致相同,该方法也被称为牛乳的人乳化,出发点是人乳的特定成分会为儿童带来理想的食用功能。
关于人乳的食用功能,有很多的知识。本领域的最新进展指明了通过营养品正确施用氨基酸脯氨酸(proline),对出生后的肠壁成熟,或预防和治疗不适当或不希望的肠壁通透性,或密闭连接的适当闭合的重要性。这些特别在NL-1023239,NL-1025900和NL-1027262中有所描述。脯氨酸可用作生成多胺的前体,其在体内以鸟氨酸为中间体合成。除脯氨酸外,该合成还需要谷氨酸和精氨酸。多胺实质上在肠壁上起上述积极作用。这些作用不仅对儿童重要,对病人也非常重要。
此外,可参照WO 01/58283,其指明了谷氨酸盐和/或谷氨酸盐前体的适当补充,对治疗或预防肠壁的过高通透性和不希望的通透性的重要性。WO 01/58283也说明了应用多胺和/或多胺前体,诸如脯氨酸的重要性。另外,J.Nutr.Biochem.15,2004,442-451描述了早产儿的肠内瓜氨酸和精氨酸的合成仍受限,其可能的结果之一就是多胺的缺乏,显然,脯氨酸的适当补充对早产儿也很重要。
在NL-1023239,NL-1025900和NL-1027262的婴儿食品中,通过富集富含在乳清蛋白中的牛乳蛋白部分,获得足够高的脯氨酸水平,且脯氨酸以自由氨基酸的形式存在。但特别是对婴儿食品,获得尽可能多基于乳奶成分的所需组分是非常重要的,因此一般不添加非乳成分(components foreign to milk)。此外,力所能及地配制婴儿食品的氨基酸组分及蛋白组分以使其尽可能接近人乳中的成分是很重要的。这表明脯氨酸(以及其他可能的氨基酸)应优选以蛋白的形式而并非氨基酸的形式存在于婴儿食品中。
本发明的目的是提供一种乳奶蛋白制品,其适宜用做食品或药物组合物中的蛋白源。特别地,本发明的目的是提供一种能够用于制备婴幼儿食品的乳奶蛋白制品,其尽可能地接近人乳的食用功能,诸如在氨基酸和蛋白成分方面。另外,本发明的目的是提供一种方法,使该乳奶蛋白制品的制备具有工业规模的吸引力。
令人惊讶的是,已经发现上述目的可通过使用孔径为0.3-0.5μm的膜,在10-20℃将乳奶进行微过滤的方法来实现。根据本发明的方法获得的乳奶蛋白制品是通过微过滤渗透液形成的,至于渗透液的蛋白组分,是由血清蛋白(>60%),酪蛋白(<40%)组成,其中酪蛋白包括至少75%的β-酪蛋白。这里涉及通过脯氨酸富集的β-酪蛋白存在获得的脯氨酸富集的血清蛋白制品。本发明制品的脯氨酸含量为每100g蛋白5-15g脯氨酸,优选6-11g/100g,从而与人乳中的含量相当。这样可以将添加到婴儿食品中的脯氨酸以自由氨基酸的形式,作为非乳组分分散。此外,由此更好地契合使婴儿食品中的蛋白组分更接近于人乳组分的希望。
由此,本发明提供了制备一种血清蛋白制品的方法,包括通过以孔径0.3-0.5μm的膜,在10-20℃将牛乳微过滤来制备渗透液。已经知道可使用微过滤将乳奶中的酪蛋白和血清蛋白相互分离,经进一步处理后,微过滤渗透液可用于婴儿食物中。例如EP-1133238描述了通过将乳奶在50-55℃在传统的错流微过滤装置中微过滤,从乳奶中回收血清蛋白。
相比而言,本发明方法中的微过滤在10-20℃的温度下进行。已经发现该温度范围特别适用于渗透液中β-酪蛋白的分离,另外也不需要任何特制和/或昂贵的装置,如难以达到的冷却或加热,以在工业规模实现本方法。微过滤温度低于10℃或高于20℃有难以大规模实现及相对较昂贵的缺点。特别地,在10-15℃,在10-12℃进行微过滤。
本发明的方法不是根据现有技术可以得知的,US 5,169,666公开了在较低温度(2-8℃),采用较小孔径(0.1或0.2μm)微过滤乳奶;WO 96/08115涉及从脱脂奶中,通过微过滤和超滤分离血清和乳清蛋白;在US 5,169,666中,选择相对较小的孔径,即0.07-0.2μm的膜作为优选方案。温度一般在5-60℃,优选10-50℃。WO 96/08115的所有例子涉及在50℃,采用0.1或0.2μm孔径进行;WO 94/13148描述了采用孔径约为0.1μm的陶瓷膜,在40-50℃微过滤原乳,以得到10%或更高含量的血清白蛋白。
反刍动物的乳奶可以用作原料,如牛奶,山羊奶,骆驼奶,驴奶,水牛奶,绵羊奶,马奶或美洲驼奶。一般使用牛奶,优选原奶中低脂部分(称为脱脂奶),其可根据标准方法制备,如离心原奶,然后加热以降低乳奶中的最初细菌含量。
对于微过滤,可以使用各种错流微过滤用常规设备,因此,例如可采用在EP-A-1673975描述的卷式微过滤膜(spiral-woundmicrofiltration membrane)。优选采用多重卷式模组(multiplespiral-wound modules)的工艺系统。已经发现,可在错流微过滤工艺设备中采用这种方式以降低膜的跨膜压力,这种方式下,跨膜压力最大为2.5bar。因此,优选的,根据本发明的方法,微过滤过程中保持相对较低的跨膜压力,即,跨膜压力最大为2.5bar。关于渗透液的蛋白组分,例如在最大跨膜压力2bar时,可以得到好结果。平均跨膜压力可以变化,如1.5或1.3bar。在一个特定的实施方案中,最大跨膜压力为1bar,也为0.9bar。
可采用不同的方案,采用具有梯度孔径或梯度厚度膜层的微过滤膜来代替降低跨膜压力。
根据本发明的方法,可采用孔径为0.3-0.5μm的标准微过滤膜。孔径影响渗透液和截留液的最终蛋白组分是公知常识。基于本发明,孔径被证明本身对血清蛋白对酪蛋白的比例,以及β-酪蛋白在酪蛋白部分中的比例有影响。在一个实施方案中,采用孔径为0.3-0.5μm,优选0.3-0.45μm的膜,如卷式膜进行。
在一个特定的实施方案中,本发明提供了制备血清蛋白制品的方法,包括通过采用孔径为0.3-0.5μm的膜,在10-20℃,例如10-14℃微过滤脱脂奶来制备渗透液,微过滤过程中跨膜压力最大为2.5bar,优选2bar。
在另一个特定的实施方案中,本发明提供了制备血清蛋白制品的方法,包括通过采用孔径为0.3μm的膜,在10-20℃,优选10-15℃微过滤(牛)奶制备渗透液,微过滤过程中跨膜压力最大为2.5bar,优选2bar。
在另一个特定的实施方案中,本发明提供了制备血清蛋白制品的方法,包括通过采用孔径为0.45μm的膜,在10-20℃,优选10-15℃微过滤(牛)奶制备渗透液。
经过微过滤步骤,可将微过滤渗透液通过一种或多种常规方法,诸如超滤、纳米过滤、离子交换、电渗析、反渗透、脱盐、蒸发和喷雾干燥进行进一步处理,如去除Na和K。
本发明的另一方面提供了根据本发明方法获得的血清蛋白制品,依赖于微过滤条件(如孔径,温度,跨膜压力),血清蛋白对酪蛋白的比例和/或富集脯氨酸的β-酪蛋白的含量会有变化。本发明还提供作为示例的一种还有至少60%血清蛋白和至多40%酪蛋白的血清蛋白制品,其中,酪蛋白部分中包括至少75%,优选至少80%的β-酪蛋白。本发明的血清蛋白制品可用于婴幼儿食品和药物组合物中。为使蛋白组分与人乳尽可能一致,婴幼儿食品中一般考虑采用60∶40的血清蛋白对酪蛋白的比例。当利用本发明的血清蛋白制品时,除血清蛋白制品以外,也可以通过使用酪蛋白源,如脱脂奶、酪蛋白酸盐、酸酪蛋白或通过诸如超滤或微过滤制备的乳奶蛋白浓缩物来实现这种利用。本发明血清蛋白制品的特殊优点是酪蛋白源的选择独立于生产者,因此依赖于诸如各自产地和时间的可用性。同时与此相关的是,根据本发明的血清蛋白制品优选含有至少65%的血清蛋白和最多35%的酪蛋白。酪蛋白的最少含量会有变化,优选的,血清蛋白制品含有至少10%,更优选至少12%或15%的酪蛋白。特别的,本发明提供至少含有25%的酪蛋白,如28%,30%,32%,33%或35%的酪蛋白的血清蛋白制品。至于β-酪蛋白中脯氨酸含量,特别优选相对较低的酪蛋白含量同时相对较高的β-酪蛋白比例,优选大于75%,为76%、77%、78%或更多。因此,根据本发明的典型的血清蛋白制品含有10-40%,10-35%,15-40%,15-38%或15-38%的酪蛋白,其中β-酪蛋白的含量为75%或更高,优选高于75%。采用本发明的方法,可获得超高含量的β-酪蛋白的酪蛋白部分。例如,其提供酪蛋白含量为5.5%、血清蛋白含量为33.4%的血清蛋白浓缩物(得到血清蛋白含量为86%、酪蛋白含量为14%的蛋白组分),其中酪蛋白中含有95%的β-酪蛋白以及其他5%的α-酪蛋白。另一个例子涉及含有68%的血清蛋白、32%的酪蛋白(其中酪蛋白中含有79%的β-酪蛋白)的血清蛋白制品。
如前所述,本发明的血清蛋白制品在功能性营养价值方面具有大量重要特点。特别的,其在不同方面接近人乳组分,如血清蛋白制品的脯氨酸含量为5-15g/100g蛋白,优选6-11g/100g,与已知的具有该含量的脯氨酸的(成分)(婴儿)食品相比,脯氨酸不以自由氨基酸形式存在,与人乳一样,为源自乳奶的部分多胺。因此不需要以自由氨基酸形式补充脯氨酸。因此,本发明提供了一种血清蛋白制品,其中,脯氨酸实际上以部分多胺存在。由此,达成使婴儿食品中的蛋白组分更接近于人乳的希望。
牛乳人乳化领域关注点的另一进展是关于氨基酸苏氨酸。婴儿食品中的相对高含量苏氨酸的存在大部分与糖聚肽(GMP)的存在相关,特别如J.Ped.Gastr.Nutr.32,2001,127-130所描述的。GMP是κ-酪蛋白的裂解产物,其形成于凝乳酶作用下的奶酪制备过程。因此,其发生在甜乳清中,甜乳清通常在婴儿食品中被用作乳清蛋白源。寡肽GMP富含于苏氨酸中,过度剂量会引起早产儿的血内凝血酶过多(hyperthreoninemia)。
防止过高的苏氨酸添加量有很多方法,本发明是关于降低牛乳制品中的苏氨酸含量。使用酸乳清代替甜乳清是公知的方法,特别是在J.Ped.Gastr.Nutr.32,2001,127-130非常清楚。因为在生产酸乳清时,没有乳奶的酶凝聚发生,酸乳清不含GMP。另一个公知的方法是关于在用于婴儿食品之前,去除甜乳清中的GMP,这可从EP-1048226知晓。第三种公知方法是使用基于乳奶微过滤的渗透液的血清蛋白代替甜乳清,其在EP-1133238有所描述。在各自的血清蛋白制品的生产中也没有进行乳奶的酶凝聚,从而导致具有相对低含量的苏氨酸的产品。
根据本发明的血清蛋白制品,每100g蛋白通常有4.7-6g的苏氨酸含量,其中蛋白与人乳中的一样,是完整的蛋白分子。不希望受任何理论的约束,本发明人提出苏氨酸的儿童添加量不仅与苏氨酸含量,还与其中存在的苏氨酸的形式有关。在J.Dairy Sci.75,1992,1380-1388也表明GMP可通过小肠以完整形式吸收,即不经过水解。这种GMP的快速吸收可能对肠中粘蛋白的合成起负面作用,因为苏氨酸是一种重要的氨基酸源。对赞同苏氨酸以较慢的形式被吸收的可用性,以使肠中苏氨酸的可用性更好的观点尚有争论。在人乳中,苏氨酸以完整蛋白分子存在。有助于此,本发明血清蛋白制品中的苏氨酸基本上以完整蛋白分子,而不是寡肽或自由氨基酸的形式出现。根据本发明的产品,例如每100g蛋白包括诸如4.7-6g的苏氨酸,不含有过高的苏氨酸添加量(loading)。因此,本发明的血清蛋白制品可以说包含“缓释苏氨酸(slow release threonine)”内容物,与人乳相当。
根据本发明通过微过滤获得的血清蛋白制品的另一有利的营养特性是它还有相对较高的自由可用(离子)钙(通常100g蛋白中约为600-700mg)。因此,通过微量加热产品,就可以获得大量的的变性,特别是乳清蛋白,如可参见EP-311795。部分由于可促进前述的密闭连接的良性闭合,结果为制品可用于理想地防止对蛋白的变态反应和/或产品具有提高耐受力的作用。
本发明的另一方面涉及至少利用根据本发明的血清蛋白制品,制备食品或药物组合物,特别是婴儿或幼儿食物的方法。该方法一般包括混合至少一种蛋白、脂类源和碳水化合物源,并可选择地补充矿物质、寡糖组分(oligo component)和其他成分的标准步骤。本发明也提供根据该方法获得的食品或药物组合物,优选婴幼儿食品。与迄今为止的大多数用基于乳清蛋白和酪蛋白的现行牛奶蛋白源制备人乳替代品相比,没有或很少涉及本发明血清蛋白制品中的乳奶蛋白。其中,本发明还提供了如下优点:基于该蛋白源可与常用脂肪联用,形成高速稳定和细致的乳化液。由此,可改进最终产品的消化,和/或防止消化失调的发生。
本发明的(婴幼儿)食品和药物组合物中,除血清蛋白制品外,其还可能包括其他蛋白,如乳清蛋白、α-乳白蛋白(α-lactalbumin)、乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin)和植物蛋白,如来自大豆和小麦的植物蛋白。在一个实施方案中,该方法还涉及婴儿或幼儿食品的制备,优选采用血清蛋白对酪蛋白的重量比约为60∶40的产品。可选用作为其他蛋白源是脱脂奶,酪蛋白酸盐、酸酪蛋白或乳奶蛋白浓缩物。另外,血清蛋白制品和其他蛋白都可以经过水解步骤。这是防止变态反应的常规方法,如蛋白在胰腺酶的作用下水解。
向婴幼儿食品中添加碳水化合物也是常规的,诸如乳糖,低聚糖,类脂以及诸如维生素,氨基酸,矿物质,牛磺酸、维生素BT(carnitine),核苷酸和多胺,以及抗氧化剂,如BHT,抗坏血酸棕榈酸盐(ascorbylpalmitate),维生素E,α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素,叶黄素,玉米黄素,番茄红素和卵磷脂,脂类大部分是植物来源的。另外,食品或药物组合物还可以富含多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids),如γ-亚麻酸,二高-γ-亚麻酸(dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid),花生四烯酸,十八碳四烯酸,二十碳五烯酸,二十二碳六烯酸和二十二碳五烯酸。考虑到肠内菌群的正常发展,可添加益生菌(probiotics),如乳杆菌和/或双歧杆菌,可也添加益生元(prebiotics)。益生菌优选的组合物示例是L.casei,L.paracasei,L.salivarius或L.reuter的双歧杆菌群(Bifidobacterium lactis);益生元优选的组合物示例包括短链和长链的海草、果糖和/或乳低聚糖,(海草)唾液酸寡糖,支链(寡)糖,富含唾液酸乳制品或其衍生物,旋覆花粉,角豆粉,树胶,可能是也可能不是经过水解的纤维,蛋白质水解物,核苷酸等。
本发明的(婴幼儿)食品和药物组合物,可有利地用于促进肠壁成熟和/或密闭连接的闭合。同时也发现其可以促进肠壁粘液的形成,提高肠内菌群的定植抗力(colonization resistance)。因此,本发明提供了提高抵抗力的蛋白浓缩物。不希望受任何理论的约束,本发明人提出当苏氨酸是良性形成粘蛋白的重要的氨基酸源,特别是来自酶消化β-酪蛋白的肽促进了粘液的分泌。这意味着本发明富含β-酪蛋白的血清蛋白制品具有4.7-6.0g/100g的苏氨酸含量,其不仅没有任何缺点(既然以“缓释苏氨酸”存在),还有助于肠壁上的粘液的良性形成,着还包括诱导和保持粘液。因此,通过激发粘液形成,根据本发明的血清蛋白制品对建立对病原体的抵抗力具有良好的影响。
此外,还发现与传统采用的源于甜乳清的乳清蛋白相比,根据本发明的血清蛋白制品,对肠内菌群具有特别有利的作用。更多细节请参见实施例4。
现通过以下实施例详细阐述本发明。
实施例1(对照例)
通过离心原乳制备脱脂奶,然后将脱脂奶在67℃加热15s。该脱脂奶在具有一个卷式膜组(DSS,孔径0.15μm,膜面积14m2)的工艺系统中,10℃,最大跨膜压力1.8bar(平均1.6bar)进行微过滤。分批过滤脱脂奶直至体积减缩系数(volume reduction factor,VRF)为3.3。然后通过超滤(UF)浓缩渗透液并干燥成粉状血清蛋白浓缩物。该血清蛋白浓缩物中的酪蛋白含量为5.5%,血清蛋白含量为33.4%,得到含有86%血清蛋白和14%酪蛋白的蛋白组分。酪蛋白部分包括95%的β-酪蛋白和其他5%的α-酪蛋白。血清蛋白部分包括24%的α-la和75%的β-lg。氨基酸成分如表1所示。
表1
氨基酸 | 含量(g/100g原蛋白) |
精氨酸 | 2.5 |
半胱氨酸 | 2.9 |
组氨酸 | 2.3 |
异亮氨酸 | 5.7 |
亮氨酸 | 12.9 |
赖氨酸 | 9.9 |
蛋氨酸 | 2.2 |
苯丙氨酸 | 4.0 |
苏氨酸 | 5.2 |
色氨酸 | 2.4 |
酪氨酸 | 3.3 |
缬氨酸 | 5.8 |
天门冬氨酸 | 12.3 |
谷氨酸 | 19.5 |
丝氨酸 | 4.8 |
脯氨酸 | 5.6 |
甘氨酸 | 2.1 |
丙氨酸 | 4.2 |
实施例2
通过离心原乳制备脱脂奶,然后将脱脂奶在76℃加热15s。该脱脂奶在具有四个卷式膜组(DSS,孔径0.15μm,膜面积56m2)的工艺系统中,10℃,最大跨膜压力2.5bar(平均1.5bar)进行微过滤。连续工艺模式过滤脱脂奶直至VRF为3.3。然后通过UF浓缩渗透液并干燥,得到粉状血清蛋白浓缩物。该血清蛋白浓缩物中的酪蛋白含量为15.9%,血清蛋白含量为33.4%,从而得到含有68%血清蛋白和32%酪蛋白的蛋白部分。酪蛋白部分包括79%的β-酪蛋白和其他18%的α-酪蛋白,以及3%的κ-酪蛋白和γ-酪蛋白。血清蛋白部分包括25%的o-la和73%的β-lg,以及1%的BSA。氨基酸成分如表2所示。
表2
氨基酸 | 含量(g/100g原蛋白) |
精氨酸 | 2.4 |
半胱氨酸 | 2.3 |
组氨酸 | 2.1 |
异亮氨酸 | 4.8 |
亮氨酸 | 11.8 |
赖氨酸 | 9.1 |
蛋氨酸 | 2.1 |
苯丙氨酸 | 4.0 |
苏氨酸 | 4.8 |
色氨酸 | 2.0 |
酪氨酸 | 3.5 |
缬氨酸 | 5.2 |
天门冬氨酸 | 10.6 |
谷氨酸 | 18.0 |
丝氨酸 | 4.9 |
脯氨酸 | 6.4 |
甘氨酸 | 2.0 |
丙氨酸 | 4.1 |
实施例3
制备婴儿食品,其组成在下表表3中详细说明,以实施例1制备的血清蛋白浓缩物为原料。该血清蛋白浓缩物中含有5.6%的脯氨酸和5.2%的苏氨酸,酪蛋白酸钠含有10.5%的脯氨酸和4.9%的苏氨酸,都以占总蛋白中的百分数表示。
表3
组分 | 每100g | |
蛋白 | g | 10.7 |
血清蛋白浓缩物 | g | 7.1 |
酪蛋白 | g | 3.6 |
脯氨酸(原蛋白中的%) | % | 7.1 |
苏氨酸(原蛋白中的%) | % | 5.1 |
脂肪 | g | 27 |
亚油酸 | g | 3.3 |
α-亚油酸 | g | 0.47 |
DHA | mg | 53 |
AA | mg | 53 |
碳水化合物 | g | 55 |
乳糖 | g | 53 |
麦芽糊精 | g | 2 |
食用纤维 | g | 1.8 |
低聚半乳糖 | g | 1.8 |
矿物质,维生素 | ||
核苷酸 | g | 1.9 |
实施例4
该实例通过与传统的基于甜乳清的乳清蛋白产品DEMINAL90的比较,说明了本发明的血清蛋白制品(在此称为SPC)对肠内菌群的有利影响。
将根据本发明的方法采用0.45μm膜获得的血清蛋白制品和DEMINAL90分别混合到培养基中,作为控制pH值批量培养中的营养源(分别为第2批和第3批)。此外,将这两种产品经蛋白酶处理后,分别混合进两个独立的培养基,这些培养基也用作控制pH值批量培养中的营养源(分别为第4批和第5批)。
以尽可能模仿人体内胃肠道部分的条件来选择和孵育处理蛋白产品的蛋白酶,即,在pH值3.0以胃液蛋白处理,在pH值6.5以胰腺提取物处理。培养基中含有酵母提取物,NaHCO3,KH2PO4,K2HPO4,NaCl,半胱氨酸,HCl,MgSO4,CaCl2,血红素(hemin),刃天青(Resazurin),吐温80和维生素K。
刚获得的健康儿童的婴儿粪便与磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)混合成浆液,然后接种,在厌氧条件下以培养基进行无菌的控制pH值批量培养。将不同的蛋白源添加到分批培养物中。同时,进行最小的蛋白量和不增加测试蛋白源的参照培养(第1批),其也接种粪便浆液。
37℃孵育6小时进行分批培养,之后取样本分析微生物的存在。该分析通过DNA扩增及DNA杂交法进行。为了检测和定量分析双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属细菌以及其他菌属,如大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli),梭状芽胞杆菌(Clostridium difficile),沙门氏菌(Salmonella),长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum),干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)而建立并验证了该方法。该杂交以针对菌属的荧光探针进行。具体的,结合的探针用专用的扫描仪计量。测得的荧光信号通过软件与细菌数量相关。用从第一批获得的背景信号修正信号。
进行实验的批量培养的对应于双歧杆菌的修正信号如图1所示,采用下述代号:
DD=消化的DEMINAL90
DS=消化的本发明血清蛋白制品
UD=未消化的DEMINAL90
US=未消化的本发明血清蛋白制品
Y轴以任意单位描述了细菌数量,其对应于每种菌种经杂交和标准化后测得的荧光。
该图显示了与常规乳清蛋白制品比较,消化后的本发明血清蛋白制品的激发作用。人们期望这种有利的效果可以至少部分归因于β-酪蛋白的存在。
实施例5
该实施例描述了根据本发明的方法,制备血清蛋白分离物的四个不同的实例(A、B、C和D)。
A)通过离心原乳制备脱脂奶,然后将脱脂奶在67℃加热15s。该脱脂奶在具有两个卷式膜组(Parker,孔径0.3μm,膜面积28m2)的工艺系统中,15℃,最大跨膜压力0.9bar(平均0.6bar)进行微过滤。连续工艺模式中过滤脱脂奶直至VRF为4.0。基于干燥物质量,血清蛋白分离物中的酪蛋白含量为0.8%,血清蛋白含量为6.7%,得到含有89%血清蛋白和11%酪蛋白的蛋白部分。
B)通过离心原乳制备脱脂奶,然后将脱脂奶在67℃加热15s。该脱脂奶在具有两个卷式膜组(Parker,孔径0.3μm,膜面积28m2)的工艺系统中,10℃,最大跨膜压力0.9bar(平均0.6bar)进行微过滤。连续工艺模式中过滤脱脂奶直至VRF为4.0。基于干燥物质量,血清蛋白分离物中的酪蛋白含量为1.3%,血清蛋白含量为7.3%,得到含有85%血清蛋白和15%酪蛋白的蛋白部分。
C)通过离心原乳制备脱脂奶,然后将脱脂奶在67℃加热15s。该脱脂奶在具有两个卷式膜组(DSS,孔径0.45μm,膜面积28m2)的工艺系统中,10℃,最大跨膜压力0.9bar(平均0.6bar)进行微过滤。连续工艺模式中过滤脱脂奶直至VRF为2.0。基于干燥物质量,血清蛋白分离物中的酪蛋白含量为2.6%,血清蛋白含量为6.3%,得到含有70%血清蛋白和30%酪蛋白的蛋白部分。
D)通过离心原乳制备脱脂奶,然后将脱脂奶在67℃加热15s。该脱脂奶在具有两个卷式膜组(DSS,孔径0.45μm,膜面积28m2)的工艺系统中,10℃,最大跨膜压力2.5bar(平均1.5bar)进行微过滤。连续工艺模式中过滤脱脂奶直至VRF为2.0。基于干燥物质量,血清蛋白分离物中的酪蛋白含量为1.5%,血清蛋白含量为3.0%,得到含有64%血清蛋白和33%酪蛋白的蛋白部分。
Claims (19)
1、一种制备血清蛋白制品的方法,包括在10-20℃下用0.3-0.5μm孔径的膜微过滤反刍动物的乳奶来制备渗透液。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述温度为10-15℃,优选10-12℃。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中微过滤过程中的跨膜压力最大为2.5bar,优选最大为2bar。
4、如权利要求1-3任一所述的方法,其中采用卷式微滤膜进行。
5、如权利要求1-4任一所述的方法,其中膜孔径约为0.45μm。
6、如权利要求1-5任一所述的方法,其中,微过滤渗透液还以下述一种或多种方法进行进一步处理:超滤,纳米过滤、离子交换、电渗析、反渗透、脱盐、蒸发和喷雾干燥。
7、根据权利要求1-6任一所述的方法得到的血清蛋白制品。
8、如权利要求7所述的血清蛋白制品,包括至少60%血清蛋白和至多40%酪蛋白,且其中的酪蛋白部分包括多于75%的β-酪蛋白。
9、如权利要求8所述的血清蛋白制品,包括至少65%血清蛋白和至多35%酪蛋白。
10、如权利要求7-9任一所述的血清蛋白制品,包括至少12%的酪蛋白,优选至少15%的酪蛋白。
11、如权利要求7-10任一所述的血清蛋白制品,每100g蛋白中包括6-11g的脯氨酸。
12、如权利要求7-11任一所述的血清蛋白制品,其中脯氨酸基本上以完整蛋白的形式存在。
13、如权利要求7-12任一所述的血清蛋白制品,每100g蛋白中包括多于4.7g的苏氨酸,优选每100g蛋白包括4.7-6g的苏氨酸,其基本上以完整蛋白的形式存在。
14、一种制备食品或药物组合物特别是婴儿或幼儿食品的方法,包括混合至少一种蛋白、脂类和碳水化合物源,可选择地补充矿物质、寡糖组分和其他成分,其中至少采用如权利要求7-13任一所述的血清蛋白制品。
15、如权利要求14所述的制备婴儿或幼儿食品的方法,优选血清蛋白对酪蛋白重量比为约60∶40。
16、如权利要求14或15所述的方法,其中采用脱脂奶、酪蛋白酸盐、酸酪蛋白或乳奶蛋白浓缩物作为其他蛋白源。
17、根据权利要求14-16任一所述方法得到的食品或药物组合物。
18、如权利要求17所述的食品或药物组合物的应用,用于促进肠壁成熟和/或密闭连接的正确闭合。
19、如权利要求17所述的食品或药物组合物的应用,用于刺激肠壁粘液的形成和/或提高肠内菌群的定植抗力。
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2008
- 2008-04-16 WO PCT/NL2008/050212 patent/WO2008127104A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-04-16 AU AU2008239934A patent/AU2008239934B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-04-16 EP EP08741633.5A patent/EP2154990B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2008-04-16 CA CA002683702A patent/CA2683702A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-04-16 DK DK08741633.5T patent/DK2154990T3/da active
- 2008-04-16 NZ NZ580380A patent/NZ580380A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-04-16 CN CN200880012263A patent/CN101686706A/zh active Pending
- 2008-04-16 US US12/595,042 patent/US20100168017A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-04-16 MY MYPI20094309A patent/MY157946A/en unknown
- 2008-04-16 JP JP2010503998A patent/JP2010524462A/ja active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-07-18 US US13/185,353 patent/US8349386B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103763943A (zh) * | 2011-07-13 | 2014-04-30 | 弗里斯兰品牌有限公司 | 具有改良的蛋白消化率的组合物 |
CN103781368A (zh) * | 2011-07-13 | 2014-05-07 | 弗里斯兰品牌有限公司 | 具有低lps的乳品类组合物 |
CN102630803A (zh) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-08-15 | 东北农业大学 | 母乳化牛乳蛋白及其制备方法 |
CN105764352A (zh) * | 2013-10-14 | 2016-07-13 | 国家研究会议 | 食品组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110281012A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
CA2683702A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
AU2008239934A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
US8349386B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
EP2154990A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
MY157946A (en) | 2016-08-30 |
AU2008239934B2 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
WO2008127104A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
DK2154990T3 (da) | 2013-10-07 |
US20100168017A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
NZ580380A (en) | 2012-12-21 |
NL1033698C2 (nl) | 2008-10-20 |
EP2154990B1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
JP2010524462A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
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