CN101685191B - Positioning device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a positioning device, which comprises a framework (60), a motor (61) with a driving shaft, a mandrel (63) provided with a first end (71) and a second end (76) and capable of rotating relative to the framework (60), a coupling (62) elastically connecting the driving shaft to the first end (71) of the mandrel (63) and making the mandrel (63) rotate when the driving shaft of the motor (61) rotates, and supporting components (72, 74 and 75) elastically supporting at least one of the second end (76) of the mandrel (63) and the motor (61) onto the framework (60).

Description

Locating device

The application is that application number is dividing an application of 200580046518.8 patented claim, and the applying date of original application is January 121 in 2005, and denomination of invention is " locating device ".

Technical field

The present invention relates to the locating device of a kind of locating device, particularly optical instrument, and the optical instrument of this class locating device, particularly stadia are housed.

Background technology

In many cases, the purposes of locating device is to regulate the position of parts to be positioned in controlled and accurate mode.The example of this class locating device is included in and is used in optical instrument along lens axis mobile lens or lens combination in order to for example focus on focalizer or the focus control of this image when the object imaging.

This class locating device is known, and example is for example referring to JP 62-255907, DE691 17 435T2, JP 3-288108A, JP 8-184742A, JP 08-194148A, JP 7-151947, US2002/0106205A1, JP 2002214506A, US 2002/0106205, WO 95/22778A, DD247493, JP 61-231516A, JP 62-255907, DE 691 17 435T2, JP3-294813A, US 2002/0106205A1 and JP 2000098210A.In these locating devices, the number of components of some locating device use is larger at least.

When locating device was used for the focalizer of optical instrument such as camera and microscope, if focus on fast, the location must be accurately and without play.If locating device is used for the device by user's operation, the noise when locating device positions should be very little.

Focalizer not only is used for camera and microscope, but also is used for surveying instrument, particularly so-called stadia, and stadia comprises angle measurement unit and distance-measuring device, also often is called tacheometer or total powerstation.These stadias comprise the telescope for the target that aims at definite its distance of needs or position.

The telescope of this class stadia is equipped with object lens especially, and object lens comprise condenser lens or the focus lens group that usually is fixedly connected on the condenser lens pipe, and this condenser lens pipe can namely move freely along telescopical optical axis direction in a conduit vertically.Be provided with a grooved pipe around this conduit, this conduit is fixedly connected on the housing of device or is the part of housing, and this grooved pipe can freely rotate and have a groove around optical axis, and this groove has a pitch along the length direction of optical axis.The observer uses the manual manipulation lens actuator, rotates this grooved pipe around optical axis for this reason, makes a projection that engages with groove of condenser lens pipe move along the curve that is limited by groove in conduit.One mechanism that is used for stoping the condenser lens pipe to rotate of condenser lens pipe converts the rotation of grooved pipe to the axially-movable of condenser lens pipe.This scheme is complicated, takies a lot of spaces in telescope, and can't make structural module.Need larger torque owing to regulating the condenser lens pipe, so this scheme is suitable for the motor driving hardly.

Summary of the invention

The first purpose of the present invention is to provide the little locating device of a kind of work noise.

The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of locating device, and this locating device can easily convert the rotation of motor to the rectilinear motion of parts to be positioned with gapless and zero-lash mode.

In addition, the 3rd purpose of the present invention be to provide a kind of can be easily, without the accurate locating device of guiding parts to be positioned in play ground.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of locating device is provided, this locating device comprises: framework; Motor with driving shaft; The axle that has first end and the second end and can rotate with respect to this framework; Described driving shaft flexibly is connected to the described first end of described axle, the shaft coupling that when making the drive shaft turns when motor, axle is also rotated; And the second end of axle and at least one in motor flexibly are bearing in bearing assembly on framework.

In the locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention, be subjected to the axle that motor drives to be used for mobile one body to be driven via shaft coupling.This body can be the parts that locating device will be located, and perhaps is connected in parts to be positioned.For this reason, axle can comprise the external engagement structure that engages for the complimentary engagement structure of body to be driven.This connected structure for example can comprise at least one in a projection, a rib, a pin, a dimple, a groove or a screw thread.This complimentary engagement structure is suitable for engaging with this connected structure, thereby the rotation of axle is transformed into the motion of body.

Motor can be the motor of any type, particularly electro-motor.For simply, accurately the location, this electro-motor can be step motor.

For noise decrease, particularly vibration, bearing assembly is the second end of supporting spindle and at least one in motor flexibly, simultaneously flexibly driving shaft and the axle of connecting motor of shaft coupling.This layout especially due to vibration damping and/or each parts of locating device in the part decoupling (closing) aspect vibration and noise decrease, described decoupling can reduce acoustical vibration along the propagation of these parts and reduce resonance possible in structure.

In order very accurately to locate parts to be positioned, shaft coupling is the driving shaft of connecting motor and the first end of axle flexibly, the rotation that makes driving shaft without play be delivered to the first end of axle.This can realize by the material of with the suitable design of shaft coupling, particularly suitably selecting to use.Preferably, this shaft coupling is also at first end place supporting spindle.

Due to the shaft coupling of the driving shaft that has used connecting motor flexibly and axle and used the second end of axle and at least one in motor flexibly are bearing in bearing assembly on framework, therefore the locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention only produces very little or very low noise by the revolution axle time.

In order to realize the low noise operation of locating device, bearing assembly can have the vibration damping performance.Preferably, the vibration in audio range is attenuated.

If bearing assembly comprises the resilient bearing assembly of the second end of the axle of a scaffold, can obtain the simple structure of locating device.Generally can use any resilient bearing assembly.But, in order to obtain simple modular construction, preferably, this resilient bearing assembly comprise one be arranged on the bearing on framework and be arranged on the second end of axle and bearing between or at least one flexible member between bearing and framework.Preferably, do not contact with framework with bearing and at the second situation lower bearing at the second end of the first situation lower spindle, but separate by this at least one flexible member.Therefore, can obtain the second end of axle and the part decoupling between bearing or bearing and framework.

In general, flexible member can have any suitable shape, and can be in any suitable position with respect to the second end of framework, bearing and axle.Preferably, axially clamped along axle of at least one section of flexible member.Particularly, flexible member can be clamped between an end face of axle the second end and bearing or between bearing and framework.This layout can with axle with respect to frame installation on a basic fixing position, realize simultaneously at least part of decoupling aspect axial vibration of vibration damping and/or axle and framework.

In order to limit the radial motion of axle, radially clamped along axle of at least one section of flexible member preferably.Particularly, this section of flexible member can be clamped between the second end of axle and bearing or between bearing and framework.

Flexible member can be made with any suitable resilient material.But in order to reduce well noise, flexible member is preferably made with elastomeric material.Can use suitable elastic body or thermoplastic elastomer especially as elastomeric material.For example can use synthetic rubber.

In order to reduce well noise, flexible member preferably makes the vibration damping in audio range.This can realize by the suitable shape of suitably selecting elastomeric material and flexible member.

Usually need only use a flexible member.But for the serviceability that realizes that locating device is good, preferably arrange symmetrically two or more flexible members with respect to axle.

Flexible member can be O shape circle.The center of O shape circle can be concentric with the longitudinal axis of axle, makes O shape circle be symmetrical in axle and arrange.O shape circle is convenient to the assembling of locating device.

Particularly, if only use a flexible member, this flexible member can be cup-shaped.Flexible member can form at least a portion or the bearing of receivability axle the second end especially.This class flexible member is convenient to the assembling of locating device especially.

As another replacement scheme, flexible member also can be piece spare.Preferably use to be symmetrical at least two piece spares that axle is arranged, thus supporting spindle symmetrically.

If use more than a flexible member in locating device, can use any combination of any combination of flexible member, particularly above-mentioned three types flexible member.

In order to reduce frictional dissipation and to reduce corresponding noise, this bearing is preferably rolling bearing.

In general, can use and connect this driving shaft with respect to the rotational stiffness of motor drive shaft ground and be connected any shaft coupling with axle and flexibly connect first end and the motor drive shaft of axle.In order to realize that between driving shaft and axle first end elasticity is connected simply, this shaft coupling preferably includes at least one elastic transmission spare.Particularly, the material behavior of this elastic transmission spare and shape may be selected to and can reduce well noise.In order to obtain good stability on the one hand, reduce well on the other hand noise, this elastic transmission spare usable polymers material is made.

In order without play ground, the rotation of motor drive shaft to be passed to axle, this shaft coupling preferably connects this driving shaft and axle with respect to the rotational stiffness ground of driving shaft, and shaft coupling connect into axle with axle can be with respect to the pivot center inclination of driving shaft.

If axle first end with the direction of the pivot center quadrature of axle on comprise that the sidewall of a groove, this groove outwards opens at least partly, and when shaft coupling comprise be connected in elastic transmission spare and with this groove without play when one of the pin that engages or edge, obtain especially simply design.Be combined with the groove that its sidewall outwards opens at least partly and be connected in pin or edge on elastic transmission spare, make axle all can rotate without play ground two rotation directions, particularly in axle by the flexible member of the bearing assembly at axle the second end place during towards the motor bias voltage.If the groove that its sidewall outwards opens at least partly is a v-depression, can make especially simply this groove on axle.

In order to obtain the simple structure of shaft coupling, shaft coupling preferably includes the first connecting portion that is rigidly connected to driving shaft and comprises elastic transmission spare and be connected in the second connecting portion of axle.

In order to realize the especially simply assembling of shaft coupling, preferably the second connecting portion coordinates by shape or interlocks and is connected in the first connecting portion.Be preferably releasable connection because shape is connected, therefore maintenance is convenient in this connection especially.Shape coordinates or interlocking only connects a rotation with respect to driving shaft and provides and be rigidly connected, and the translation along the longitudinal axis of axle is needed not to be rigidly connected.Particularly, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion can be formed them can be plugged in together along the longitudinal axis of axle.At this moment, need not specific purpose tool just can easily assemble.

Preferably, the first connecting portion comprises a square plug receptacle in its end in the face of axle.This square socket can be used for admitting elastic transmission spare.Square plug receptacle not only makes the making of the first connecting portion simple, and allow with the rotation of driving shaft substantially without play pass to axle.

The second connecting portion can comprise a pin especially, all is provided with an elastic O-ring or resilient disc on each end of this pin.This elastic O-ring or resilient disc can be particularly useful as above-mentioned elastic transmission spare.This design of the second connecting portion makes especially can use the parts that also can be used for other purpose, thereby can reduce the cost of locating device.

Preferably, the flexible member of O shape circle or resilient disc and bearing assembly makes driving shaft and axle by towards the other side's bias voltage.Particularly, biasing force can be basically along the axis of axle, even make pin or edge also keep contacting with the wall of groove when having torque to be applied on driving shaft.Like this, axle is securely held between bearing assembly and motor.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a kind of locating device is provided, this locating device comprises: part is positioned; Rotatable axle with external engagement structure; Body, this body can move along axle, and has the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the connected structure of axle, the rotation of axle is transformed into when being prevented from body being rotated by axle the translation of body; Be used for stoping body by the retaining element of axle rotation; And Flexible Connector, this Flexible Connector applies a torque with respect to axle to body, and the motion of body is passed to the part that is positioned.

Can comprise any feature, particularly above-mentioned feature according to the locating device of a first aspect of the present invention according to the locating device of a second aspect of the present invention.On the contrary, the locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention also can comprise: part is positioned; Body, this body can move along axle, and has the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the connected structure of axle, the rotation of axle is transformed into when being prevented from body being rotated by axle the translation of body; Be used for stoping body by the retaining element of axle rotation; And Flexible Connector, this Flexible Connector applies a torque so that body with respect to spindle tilt, and passes to the motion of body the part that is positioned.

In the locating device according to a second aspect of the present invention, when retaining element stops body to be rotated by axle, the rotation of axle can be transformed into the rectilinear motion of body by means of the connected structure of axle and the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the axle connected structure of body.Flexible Connector has two effects: at first, the elastic force that produces by means of Flexible Connector distortion apply a torque so that body with respect to axle, particularly around one with axle roughly the axis of quadrature tilt.Body causes connected structure and complimentary engagement structure that corresponding inclination relative to each other occurs with respect to this inclination of axle, thereby thereby in the rotation of two rotation direction axles gapless and be transformed into the be positioned rectilinear motion of part of body without play ground all.The torque that is applied on body is produced by the elastic performance of at least a portion of Flexible Connector.

Secondly, Flexible Connector is used for the motion of body is passed to the part that is positioned, and this has simplified the design of locating device greatly.

The rotation gapless of the axle that can be easily will be driven by motor according to the locating device of a second aspect of the present invention and without play pass to the body of translation to be positioned.Particularly the space that takies of this locating device is little, therefore is specially adapted in microscope, camera and surveying instrument.

The external engagement structure of axle and the complimentary engagement structure of body are used for when stoping body to be rotated by axle by retaining element, the rotation of axle being transformed into the translation of body.In general, can use connected structure and the complimentary engagement structure of any type that is suitable for this transformation.

Preferably, the complimentary engagement structure forms and is arranged as, when torque makes body with respect to spindle tilt, the part of complimentary engagement structure is along engaging with connected structure on the first direction of axle, and another part of complimentary engagement structure engages with connected structure on the second direction opposite with first direction.Therefore, all can avoid gapped between connected structure and complimentary engagement structure for the motion on both direction.

Preferably, the connected structure of axle comprises the groove that at least one is wound around around axle.The pitch of the groove that is wound around around axle can be constant or change.Particularly, connected structure can comprise the external thread that is formed on axle.This axle can high precision be made at an easy rate, and easy to assembly.

Especially in these cases, the complimentary engagement structure of body can comprise at least one projection or rib.This projection or rib form and/or are arranged as groove or the engage threads with the connected structure of axle.Projection or rib are used as the friction that can reduce when the complimentary engagement structure stops body to rotate in the axle rotation with retaining element between connected structure and complimentary engagement structure.

For the operation that realizes that play is especially little, the complimentary engagement structure of body preferably includes at least two projections or two ribs that radially are oppositely arranged with respect to axle.This projection or rib are arranged to, when torque makes body with respect to spindle tilt, in this projection or rib one along on the first direction of axle with connected structure such as groove or engage threads, the second projection or rib on the second direction opposite with first direction with connected structure such as groove or engage threads.Therefore, all can avoid gapped between connected structure and complimentary engagement structure for the motion on both direction.In general, this projection or rib can with the direction of the parallel longitudinal of axle on be spaced from each other, make this projection or rib all can engage with connected structure.

In another embodiment, the complimentary engagement structure of body comprises at least one screw thread.Preferably, this screw thread is a threaded perforation in body, thereby body is accurately guided by axle along the direction of axle.The screw thread of complimentary engagement structure can engage with the connected structure of axle, particularly, if axle is provided with screw thread, the screw thread of complimentary engagement structure can with being threadedly engaged with of the connected structure of axle.Screw thread inclination relative to each other causes between the tooth side of screw thread the both direction contact along axle, thereby can avoid between body and axle gap or play vertically occurring along axle.

Especially in the case, when the connected structure of axle comprised external thread, the complimentary engagement structure of body can comprise at least two parallel ribs or groove.This rib or groove be shape especially linearly.At this moment, because rib or groove need not to be arranged in perforation, so body can clip on axle, and this makes the assembling of locating device very simple.

Alternatively, the connected structure of axle can comprise at least one projection or at least one rib on the axle outside surface.This moment, the complimentary engagement structure can be for example the screw thread in the threaded perforations of body.

Preferably, the connected structure of axle can comprise at least two projections that radially are oppositely arranged with respect to axle.This projection can be spaced from each other on the direction of axle especially.The complimentary engagement structure can be particularly including screw thread or parallel rib or groove.At this moment, projection can the complimentary engagement structure along engaging with the complimentary engagement structure on the face of axle direction towards the opposite, thereby but the rotation gapless of axle and/or be transformed into the motion of body without play ground.

In general, connected structure and/or complimentary engagement structure can comprise above-mentioned feature one or a combination set of.

Flexible Connector can apply torque in every way so that body tilts.In one embodiment, at least one section of Flexible Connector rests on the part that is positioned to apply tilt torque on body.Like this, the structure of locating device is simple especially.Particularly, power can act on the part that is positioned simultaneously.This power can be used for towards a guiding this part that is positioned of guiding piece bias voltage of part that is positioned, thereby can further avoid the generation of gap or play.

In general, Flexible Connector applies a torque so that body tilts around an axis longitudinally that favours or preferably be orthogonal to axle with respect to axle.Preferably, this Flexible Connector is connected to body and is positioned on part, and applies this torque around an axis parallel with axle.This additional torque can be used for promoting to be positioned part along respective direction.Therefore, Flexible Connector can simultaneously apply torque around different axis, i.e. torque be included on direction with vertical quadrature of axle and with the direction of the parallel longitudinal of axle on component.

Flexible Connector can be in any suitable manner passes to the motion of body the part that is positioned.Preferably, the part that is positioned comprises the groove that Flexible Connector engages, and this groove preferably has the sidewall that outwards opens.Particularly, this groove can be V-shaped.Use groove that body and the motion that is connected in the Flexible Connector of body are passed to the assembling that the part that is positioned is convenient to locating device especially.In addition, have the sidewall that outwards opens due to groove, therefore all can realize in the opposite direction without play and gapless motion transmission.

Also simultaneously the motion of body is passed to the part that is positioned in order to apply torque, Flexible Connector preferably includes a L shaped arm, and the free end of this L shaped arm engages with described groove.Can select the geometric configuration of L shaped arm to set in conjunction with the material behavior that forms L shaped arm material therefor makes body with respect to the torque of spindle tilt.

Flexible Connector can be made with the suitably spring steel of bending that is clamped on body.The advantage of this embodiment is can select also can keep for a long time its elastic performance under the environmental baseline of spring steel with earthquake, when for example temperature variation is very large.

Structure is simple especially when Flexible Connector and body form.Particularly, at least a portion of body and Flexible Connector can form by compacting or injection moulding with suitable polymeric material.

In body, the complimentary engagement structure of thread forms can arrange in a different manner.Body can have a hole, is provided with the screw thread of body in this hole.Particularly, can cut out screw thread on the surface in hole, this is easily when body is made with polymkeric substance.

Alternatively, body can comprise that a part and is arranged in this piece spare and has sleeve for the internal thread of admitting axle.Particularly, the sleeve wearing and tearing that can cause with the connected structure that can resist axle and/or the material that only produces low friction when engaging with the connected structure of axle are made.Particularly, can use by suitable metal sleeve.Like this, can obtain very firmly to design.

For the friction between the complimentary engagement structure of the connected structure that reduces axle and body, the screw thread in body can comprise two threaded sections that separate without threaded sections by.Body stably can be arranged on axle simultaneously.

Preferably, be provided with a guiding piece to be used for guiding along the direction parallel with axle the part that is positioned, this guiding piece guides body especially.At this moment, need not Flexible Connector and guide the part that is positioned, thus designs simplification, and very accurate to the guiding of the part that is positioned, the motion of the part that therefore is positioned is very accurate.This guiding piece can be above-mentioned the first guiding piece especially.

In general, can use an independent element as retaining element.But preferably guiding piece stops body to rotate around axle.Therefore, this guiding piece namely is used for stoping body by the retaining element of axle rotation.Therefore, guiding piece provides two kinds of different functions, and this has simplified the structure of locating device.

In order to ensure accurately guiding the part that is positioned, preferably guiding piece comprises a bar, and the part that is positioned comprises that one admits the hole of this bar.Like this, the guiding of the part that is positioned is only stayed the translation of the part that is positioned of one degree of freedom, i.e. rectilinear motion.

All be prevented from two rotation directions in order to ensure body being rotated by axle, body preferably includes one for the dimple of admitting guiding piece.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a kind of locating device is provided, this locating device comprises: part is positioned; Be used for guiding along the first guiding axis the first guiding piece of the first section of the part that is positioned; Have the guide surface that is parallel to the first guiding Axis Extension and be used for be positioned second guiding piece of the second section of part of guiding; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of the second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of the second guiding piece.

The first guiding piece can be constrained to the translation of the part that is positioned along the translation of the first guiding axis, but does not generally limit other motion of the part that is positioned.The second guiding piece and the combination of the magnet apparatus of the second section of the part that is positioned towards the guide surface bias voltage of the second guiding piece are guaranteed to make along the guide surface of the second guiding piece and accurately guide the part that is positioned with very little play or gap or without play or further the be positioned freedom of motion of part of restriction with gap.Particularly, if the biasing force of magnet apparatus is enough large, can be at locating device with respect to a plurality of orientations of gravity, preferably obtain to be positioned the accurate guiding of part along guide surface on any orientation.This is for comprising with the telescope unit of locating device and this telescope unit particular importance around the surveying instrument that a horizontal axis rotates at any angle.

Can comprise according to the locating device of first aspect present invention and/or according to any feature of the locating device of second aspect present invention according to the locating device of a third aspect of the present invention.On the contrary, the locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention also can comprise: part is positioned; Be used for guiding along the first guiding axis the first guiding piece of the first section of the part that is positioned; Have the guide surface that is parallel to the first guiding Axis Extension and be used for be positioned second guiding piece of the second section of part of guiding; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of the second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of the second guiding piece.

Locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention also can comprise: part is positioned; Body, this body can move along axle, and has the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the connected structure of axle, the rotation of axle is transformed into when being prevented from body being rotated by axle the translation of body; Be used for stoping body by the retaining element of axle rotation; Apply a torque so that body with respect to spindle tilt and the motion of body is passed to the Flexible Connector of the part that is positioned; Be used for guiding along the first guiding axis the first guiding piece of the first section of the part that is positioned; Have the guide surface that is parallel to the first guiding Axis Extension and be used for be positioned second guiding piece of the second section of part of guiding; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of the second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of the second guiding piece.Locating device according to a second aspect of the present invention also can comprise: the first guiding piece that is used for guiding along the first guiding axis the first section of the part that is positioned; Have with the guide surface of the first leading axle line parallel and be used for be positioned second guiding piece of the second section of part of guiding; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of the second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of the second guiding piece.

In general, the magnet apparatus that comprises at least one magnet is just enough towards be positioned the second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of the second guiding piece.For the part of can avoiding being positioned produces gap or play with respect to the first guiding piece, this magnet apparatus preferably generates a biasing force that favours the normal of guide surface.

Preferably, the first guiding piece the movement limit of the part that is positioned become along the first guiding axis move and around the pivoting action of the first guiding axis.Particularly, therefore the first guiding piece can comprise a guide rod.Thereby can obtain guiding steadily and accurately.

In addition, the part that is positioned can comprise that one admits the bullport of guide rod.Like this, the first guiding piece becomes the movement limit of the part that is positioned along the translation of the first guiding axis and only has the another one degree of freedom namely around the pivoting action of the first guiding axis, thus by with the second guiding piece and magnet apparatus in conjunction with the be positioned accurate guiding of part of realization.

In order to reduce be positioned the second section of part and the friction between guide surface, locating device comprises also that preferably one is arranged on the second section of the part that is positioned and comprises the rolling bearing of an external component that rolls on guide surface.

Magnet apparatus comprises that one generates the magnet of biasing force together with suitable corresponding armature element.In one embodiment, this magnet apparatus comprises that one is fixed on the magnet on the part that is positioned.This makes and can use small magnet, and this small magnet makes weight saving, and reduces the scope in the magnetic field of, other parts that may disturb locating device that generate by magnet.

Especially in this case, preferably, a soft magnetism or ferromagnetic armature element are arranged on the second guiding piece, and magnet apparatus and this armature element interact and the second section is pulled to guide surface.Armature element and the second guiding piece of this embodiment can use different materials, thereby make their performances separately best.

Alternatively, the second guiding piece is made with soft magnetism or ferromagnetic material, and magnet apparatus interacts and the second section is pulled to guide surface with the second guiding piece as the armature element.The advantage of this embodiment is that the required number of components of locating device is less.

As being fixed on substituting or replenishing of magnet on the part that is positioned, magnet apparatus can comprise a magnet with respect to the second hard-wired longitudinal extension of guiding piece, and the part that is positioned can comprise a soft magnetism or ferromagnetic section.This ferromagnetic section can be arranged in magnet apparatus and soft magnetism or the ferromagnetic section power that generates between part that namely is positioned, the second section be pulled to guide surface with respect to magnet apparatus.If be difficult to or can't be arranged on magnet on the part that is positioned, this embodiment is preferred.

For the second section of the part that will be positioned pulls to guide surface, simultaneously along the direction bias voltage that is orthogonal to or favours the first guiding axis part that is positioned, magnet apparatus preferably generates a power that favours the straight line of the first section of connecting the part that is positioned and the second section.

Can be used for any occasion according to locating device of the present invention, but be preferably used for comprising the optical devices of lens to be positioned.At this moment, according to of the present invention second and/or the locating device and corresponding preferred and special embodiment thereof of the third aspect in, the part that is positioned is a lens holder.At this moment, the structure of respective optical means can be simplified greatly.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of optical instrument is provided, it comprises by the described locating device of any one in the claims.This optical instrument can be a surveying instrument especially, for example level meter, transit or preferably stadia.

At this moment, optical instrument preferably includes the lens that at least one is connected in locating device.This location that can make lens very accurately and/or low noise and/or without play and/or gapless.

Preferably, this optical instrument can comprise object lens and condenser lens, the optical system that this condenser lens carries out imaging with respect to objective lens arrangement for forming a pair of object, this optical system is connected in locating device, thereby can the object by this optical system imaging be focused on.Therefore, corresponding optical instrument can use motor, particularly electro-motor to focus on.In addition, if use suitable automatic focus sensor and electron device, easily carry out automatic focus.

This optical instrument can be telescope, particularly is used in telescope in surveying instrument.

Alternatively, this optical instrument can be camera, particularly is used in camera in surveying instrument such as image stadia.

This optical instrument especially also can comprise the sight alidade that can rotate around a vertical axis, be arranged on this sight alidade and can around one with this vertical axis telescope or camera of tilting of the tilt axis of quadrature basically.This optical instrument can be surveying instrument especially, as level meter, transit or stadia.

Description of drawings

Describe the present invention in detail by exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 be stadia schematically, the front elevation of partly cut-away;

Fig. 2 is the schematic side pseudosection of telescope unit of the stadia of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the simplified block diagram of the stadia of Fig. 1;

The schematic diagram of the partly cut-away of the locating device that Fig. 4 positions for the condenser lens to the stadia of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the stereographic map of lens holder of the locating device of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of threaded line pipe of the locating device of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is the simplified block diagram according to the stadia of the preferred embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is according to exemplary preferred embodiment of the present invention, is used for the stereographic map of locating device of condenser lens of the stadia of mobile Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is the stereographic map of the partly cut-away of threaded mandrel the second end in Fig. 8 device, and described the second end is supported in framework;

Figure 10 is the elastic coupling that is used for the threaded mandrel first end of device shown in Figure 8 and the exploded perspective view of motor;

Figure 11 is the motor of elastic coupling that Figure 10 is housed on it and the stereographic map of threaded mandrel first end;

Figure 12 is the sectional view in working order for motor that shaft coupling is housed on it and threaded mandrel;

Figure 13 is driven by threaded mandrel in the locating device of Fig. 8 and by the body of the first guiding piece guiding and the enlarged side view of Flexible Connector;

Figure 14 is the body that is guided by the first guiding piece in assembly shown in Figure 13 and the stereographic map that is contained in the Flexible Connector on body;

Figure 15 is the amplification profile of the layout of Figure 13, and two are amplified screw thread that thin section illustrates threaded mandrel and by the relative position of the tooth side of the internal thread of the shaft-driven body of the described heart;

Figure 16 is the stereographic map of body with screw shell of shortening;

Figure 17 is the stereographic map of body and Flexible Connector, and this body comprises the screw shell with two isolated threaded sections;

Figure 18 is the stereographic map with body of integrally formed Flexible Connector;

Figure 19 is the stereographic map of body with screw shell of integrally formed Flexible Connector and shortening;

Figure 20 for according to another embodiment, have the front elevation of the body of integrally formed Flexible Connector;

Figure 21 is the first and second guiding pieces of Fig. 8 device and the partial view of lens holder, and described lens holder is by these two guiding piece guiding;

Figure 22 is for according to threaded mandrel in the locating device of another preferred embodiment of the present invention with flexibly support the schematic cross sectional view of the bearing assembly of this threaded mandrel;

Figure 23 is the schematic diagram according to the motor that is flexibly supported of the locating device of another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 24 is threaded mandrel and by the schematic perspective view of the partly cut-away of the shaft-driven body of the heart, and this body has the pin as the complimentary engagement structure, and this axle and body are the parts according to the locating device of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 25 is the schematic side elevation of the partly cut-away that arranges in Figure 24;

Figure 26 is threaded mandrel and by the schematic perspective view of the partly cut-away of the shaft-driven body of the heart, and this body has the pin as the complimentary engagement structure, and this axle and body are the parts according to the locating device of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 27 is the schematic side elevation of the partly cut-away that arranges in Figure 26;

Figure 28 has two as the axle of the pin of connected structure with by the schematic perspective view of the partly cut-away of the shaft-driven body of the heart, this body has the internal thread as the complimentary engagement structure, and this axle and body are the parts according to the locating device of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; And

Figure 29 is the schematic side elevation of the partly cut-away that arranges in Figure 28.

Embodiment

Stadia shown in Fig. 1-3---also referred to as total powerstation---can be done measurement in geodesy.In this measurement operation, determine target in surface level and vertical plane the position, angle and the distance between described target and stadia, then with position data or the coordinate of this position, angle and the definite target of distance.Can be used as target to the section of the object in the visual field or object in principle, but also use in many cases man-made target, for example the surveyor is at the catoptron to be measured of precalculated position placement.Can use described man-made target to indicate ground predetermined point such as boundary stone, and determine their position by stadia.But, position that not only can measurement target, but also can find out and then indicate the point of coordinate or location aware in the visual field., by using stadia, can be placed on target on the position that is provided by coordinate for this reason, then install fixing sign.

From the distance of stadia and in order to detect target, stadia comprises six optical devices in this example for the position, angle of determining quickly and easily target and target.They are: one is used for the telescope of object observing; Two angle-measuring equipments that are used for determining utilizing horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the viewed target of telescope; One is used for determining to utilize the distance measuring equipment of the distance between the viewed target of telescope and stadia; One for example is used for intended target being followed the tracks of during from a position movement to another position by a people in measurement the tracking means of this target---also referred to as tracker; And one be convenient to make man-made target that the surveyor arranges and the alignment servicing unit of stadia Accurate align---also referred to as " tracking lamp ".(also having) two other device: one is used for determining tilt sensor or the tiltmeter of stadia gradient with respect to the horizontal plane, and an optics plummet, this optics plummet is used for respect to ground or ground set point, stadia being carried out orientation and/or location.

Fig. 1-3 use schematically illustrates the structure of stadia with the diagram of simplifying.

One sight alidade 3 is arranged on a tripod 1 by the supporting of not shown pedestal.When stadia correctly assembled, sight alidade 3 can rotate around vertical axle or a vertical axis 2 perpendicular to the ground.Sight alidade 3 carries one and comprises a housing 6 and a permanent built-in telescopical telescope unit 5, and described telescope unit 5 can be rotated with the tilt axis 4 of vertical axis 2 quadratures around one.Sight alidade 3 and telescope unit 5 can be respectively rotated the angle of any hope around vertical axis or axle 2 and tilt axis 4, namely even over 360 °.Can be by being arranged on the handle 7 carrying stadias on sight alidade 3.

Except when telescope focuses on, the actuating of any action of the parts of stadia, the detection of measured value and some aforementioned optical devices such as alignment servicing unit is all carried out with electronic method.Fig. 3 illustrates a block scheme, and wherein each function square frame of schematically illustrated stadia, comprise interconnecting between square frame.Dotted line represents parts and Plant arrangement physical location therein.

The center part of control module is one be arranged in sight alidade 3 and control computer 8 with the device that all parts is connected with device.

One is arranged in sight alidade 3 and is used for controlling computer 8 power supplies via this power supply unit 10 to stadia, particularly device to the battery 9 of power supply unit 10 power supplies.Power supply unit 10 in sight alidade 3 and the telescope unit 5 all parts and device and be attached thereto the operational blocks which partition system that connects required operating voltage be provided.For simplicity's sake, not shown line.As shown in sight alidade 3, all parts can be connected to by independent line device and control computer 8 and power supply unit 10.But, also can each parts be connected to a central bus 11 that comprises all data lines and supply line as telescope unit 5.

Be provided with the slip ring 12 that is connected with central bus 11 on tilt axis 4, via this slip ring, the electric component in telescope unit 5 or electronic unit can be powered and can with sight alidade 3 in the parts swap data.

Slip ring 12 ' on vertical axis 2 make can via a unshowned plug use external power supply and with the external device (ED) swap data.

In order to control or handle stadia, stadia is provided with the executive component 14 and 15 of a dismountable control panel 13 and angular encoder form, and its operating knob is arranged on sight alidade 3.

Control panel 13 is used for communicating by letter between operator and stadia, and its display 17 that is provided with a keyboard 16 that is used for input, output data for example LCD and is connected in the computer 18 of display 17 and keyboard 16.Control panel 13 is controlled computer 8 via a releasable coupling arrangement 19 and device and is connected with power supply unit 10.Because control panel 13 is dismountable, but so it self with battery, computer 18 works on when guaranteeing to remove control panel 13.Computer 18 is controlled computer 8 via coupling arrangement 19 and device and is connected, and can utilize its program and the many known geodetic applications programs of data-carrier store operation own.

Executive component 14 and 15 is controlled computer 8 via an interface 20 and device and is connected.This interface 20 is used for inputting corresponding with the turned position of executive component 14 and 15 respectively parameter value.

One controls with device that computer 8 is connected and radio module 21 with an antenna 22 is used for and remote-control device such as remote control swap data.For example, stadia can be positioned at the remote control of impact point of measurement or the remote control of remote-controlled station, but not shown this remote control or remote-controlled station in accompanying drawing.

Each parts of stadia and device all are arranged in sight alidade 3 and telescope unit 5 except some exceptions hereinafter described.

Removal apparatus is controlled outside computer 8, and all parts that are connected with device control computer 8 also all are arranged on sight alidade 3 or sight alidade.These parts comprise tilt sensor or tiltmeter 23, optics plummet 24, with the radio module 21 of antenna 22 and the executive component 14 and 15 that horizontal and vertical is regulated that is used for that comprises interface.

The device that is arranged in telescope unit 5 has distance measuring equipment 25, tracking means 26 and alignment servicing unit 27.The control that needs alternatively or apparatus for evaluating provide by the device control computer 8 that is arranged in sight alidade 3.For this reason, described device is connected with slip ring 12 and device control computer 8 via bus 11.Described device can be opened separately, and can control poll or the inspection that computer 8 carries out survey measurements by device when needed.The parts that are used for this purpose are not shown specifically, because its operation is known for those skilled in the art.

Be subjected to control circuit 30 and 31 drive units 28 and 29 of controlling in sight alidade 3 to be respectively used to rotate the sight alidade 3 that comprises telescope unit 5 and rotate telescope unit 5 around tilt axis 4 around vertical axis 2.The angle that useful angle-measuring equipment records is come accessory drive 28 and 29.

In order to measure corner or the horizontal angle around vertical axis 2, use one to be contained in sensing head 33 on sight alidade 3 with the concentric horizontal angle index dial 32 and of vertical axis 2, thereby can detect sight alidade 3 telescope unit 5 with respect to the position, angle of horizontal angle index dial 32 by this sensing head.

Be vertical angle in order to measure around the corner of tilt axis 4, a vertical angle index dial 34 correspondingly is contained on tilt axis coaxially with tilt axis 4, is contained in by one the position, angle that vertical angle sensing head 35 on sight alidade 3 detects described vertical angle index dials 34.

Drive unit 28 and 29 is that horizontal angle index dial 32 and sensing head 33 or vertical angle index dial 34 and sensing head 35 coordinate with angle-measuring equipment respectively in known manner, make sight alidade 3 can rotate around vertical axis 2 in measurable mode together with telescope unit 5, telescope unit 5 can be rotated around tilt axis 4 in measurable mode, thereby turns to the position, horizontal and vertical angle of hope.Control computer 8 by device especially and realize this purpose, device control connecting computer is received the signal from sensing head 33 and 35, and according to the control circuit 30 of described signal level control drive unit 29 and the control circuit 31 of vertical drive 28.The angle that available three kinds of modes provide angle that sight alidade 3 will rotate around vertical axis 2 and telescope unit 5 to rotate around tilt axis 4.The first, be provided with the executive component 14 and 15 that rotates at surface level and vertical plane of being used for respectively of angular encoder form on sight alidade, they are controlled computer 8 via interface 20 and device and are connected, corresponding angle input media control computer 8.Alternatively, device is controlled the definite angle that will set of data that computer 8 obtains according to other parts from stadia, thereby controls respectively described control circuit 30 and 31.The third may mode be the angle that transmits by radio module 21 use radio by control panel 13 input angles or use remote-controlled station.

The below describes each device mentioned above in detail.

The optics plummet 24 that is arranged in sight alidade 3 is used for the stadia of some top on ground is carried out centering or location.It comprises that one vertically points to the opera glass of below.The optical axis of opera glass is basically coaxial with vertical axis 2.Therefore, for example can using on optics plummet 24 pairs of ground a bit, the stadia of boundary stone top carries out centering or location.As an alternative, also can use the optics plummet that vertically sends a light beam downwards, described light beam is basically coaxial with vertical axis 2.

Be arranged on equally tilt sensor in sight alidade 3 or thereby tiltmeter 23 is measured the gradient of sight alidade 3 stadias on two mutually orthogonal directions, thereby can check with respect to ground vertical axis 2 vertical and tilt axis 4 level whether whether.

Other device is arranged in telescope unit 5, and this is shown in the side cutaway view of the front elevation of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

At first, the housing 6 of telescope unit 5 holds a telescope for object observing.This telescope comprises: object lens 36; Be arranged at a focus lens system 37 of object lens 36 back on light path, this focus lens system only is called condenser lens hereinafter, but can comprise more than lens; One inversion prism 38; And a cross-hair 39, object lens 36, condenser lens 37 and inversion prism 38 form an image on cross-hair, can see this image from eyepiece 40.Can focus on image on cross-hair 39 along optical axis mobile focusing lens 37 (as shown in double-head arrow in Fig. 2).The light shaft coaxle ground extension of telescopical optical axis and object lens 36.

Also be provided with the Amici prism 43 that a prism 41, a dichronic mirror 42 and comprise a beam splitter layer 44 on telescopical light path, they are transparent to visible light, and therefore not affecting telescopical function is imaging.

Distance measuring equipment 25 comes distance between measurement target and stadia by chopped radiation being transmitted into target and receiving the radiation that is reflected by target.Then distance measuring equipment 25 determines the phase differential between the modulated optical radiation launch and the optical radiation that receives, and the speed of using this radiation draws distance between stadia and target from this phase differential.In another embodiment of distance measuring equipment, the optical radiation of transponder pulse formula is determined a pulse from the distance measuring equipment to the target and is returned to flight time of distance measuring equipment from target, and uses radiation velocity to draw distance according to the described flight time.Can be in the corresponding evaluation electronics of distance measuring equipment 25 or operative installations control computer 8 and draw this distance from this phase differential or flight time.

In this example, distance measuring equipment 25 is made of telescopical parts and other parts.An infrared light light source that does not clearly illustrate in Fig. 2 is as the pulsed infrared radiation in a laser diode emission predetermined wavelength range.The surface of the infrared radiation of launching directive prism 41 after transmitting/receiving optical devices 45 focus on, this prism can reflect the light by the emission of infrared light light source, this light is from this prismatic reflection to dichronic mirror 42, this dichronic mirror can reflect the infrared light that sends from the infrared light light source of distance measuring equipment 25, thereby infrared light is redirect on object lens 36.Infrared light light source and transmitting/receiving optical devices 45 are arranged and are formed, make light beam that the infrared light light source sends focus on from the distance for the focusing width of object lens 36 (focal width) of object lens 36 upper along the light path of distance measuring equipment 25, thereby object lens 36 send an approximately parallel light beam, and then described light beam shines on the upper or wall of a natural target as a house of a target such as catoptron (for example triple mirror).Folded light beam turns back to transmitting/receiving optical devices 45 along same path from target via object lens 36, dichronic mirror 42 and prism 41, and these transmitting/receiving optical devices focus on one of distance measuring equipment 25 to this light beam and detect on the receiving element (not shown in Fig. 2) of this radiation.Then draw range-to-go from the flight time of a pulse between transmitting and receiving, this flight time utilizes corresponding electronic circuit to draw.Due to the optical axis emission of light beam along object lens 36, therefore determine to the distance of the target of observing by telescope on this optical axis.

Another device in telescope unit 5 is tracking means or tracker 26, and this tracker 26 is used for automatic aiming and is positioned at the catoptron of impact point, and follows the tracks of this catoptron when this catoptron is moved to another from a bit.Tracker 26 comprises the transmitter of an emission arrow beam of light; Object lens 36, light beam passes this object lens at transmit direction and after the target reflection at receive direction; Receiving optics; One receiver 46, this receiver detects the position that reflects and focused on by receiving optics light beam thereon from target; And guiding telescope unit 5 and a sight alidade 3, the closed circuit control device that makes the position of the light beam that reflects from target remain unchanged at receiver.

Or rather, the transmitter of tracker 26 comprises the transmitter optical device that is used for the utilizing emitted light radiation, is preferably the radiation source 47 of infrared radiation as laser diode and comprises the first collimation optics 48 and prism 41, reflects from radiation source 47 and the light beam optical axis direction along object lens 36 on the inclined-plane of prism 41 by the first collimation optics 48 collimations.Receiving optics is made of Amici prism 43 and the second collimation optics 49.At last, receiver 46 comprises a plurality of radiosensitive detecting elements that transmitter is sent.Receiver 46 for example can use quadrant diode or camera circuit.

The transmitter of tracker 26 is being sent by radiation source 47, being transmitted into target by the first collimation optics 48 collimations and the light beam that redirect to by prism 41 on the optical axis of object lens 36 from the central authorities of object lens 36.

Light beam returns stadia by target, for example triple mirror or mirror reflects, then again injects telescope unit 5 from object lens 36.Its reach target and the path returned on, at first narrow light beam the distance target enough distance far away become so wide, make the light beam that returns be full of the whole diameter of object lens 36, thereby do not incide in light beam in prism 41 but those parts from from prism 41 to the first collimation optics 48 reflections shine on dichronic mirror 42.By the wavelength of the light beam of transmitter emission with dichronic mirror 42 is chosen to make light beam in the situation that dichronic mirror 42 is passed in not a large amount of reflection, thereby described dichronic mirror is in fact on the not impact of described light beam.Pass the light beam of dichronic mirror 42 and then inject receiving optics.At first this light beam injects Amici prism 43.Its beam splitter layer 44 optionally reflects the wavelength by the radiation of transmitter emission, makes its beam deflection of injecting Amici prism 43 on the direction of the second collimation optics 49, but allows that visible light passes through.The second collimation optics 49 is focusing on the receiver 46 of tracker 26 from transmitter, the described light beam that reflected from target.If the picture position of target on receiver 46 be center for example out of position, the tracker handle signal relevant with direction with this quantity that departs from offers device and controls computer 8 (not shown in figure 1)s, this device is controlled computer accessory drive 28 and 29, thereby rotate telescope unit 5---when needed together with sight alidade 3, make the image on receiver 46 again be positioned on the precalculated position, this precalculated position in this example centered by the position.

Another device in telescope unit 5 is alignment servicing unit 27.But alignment servicing unit 27 is used in particular for making the optical axis alignment of moving-target and the object lens 36 of catoptron form.Alignment servicing unit 27 comprises two light emitting diodes 50, a minute surface edge 51 and object lens 49 '.By these two light emitting diodes 50---their front and back in Fig. 2 are arranged side by side, therefore can not illustrate respectively, and one of them light emitting diode transmitting green light, another red-emitting---the light that sends combines again at 51 places, minute surface edge.Like this, object lens 49 ' shine a light on the impact point of stadia.One side green light of light, opposite side glows.If a people is in the position of impact point and observes to the direction of stadia, thereby this people can determine that by means of become suddenly another kind of color relation from a kind of color he is on the telescopical optical axis of object lens 36.Use this device, also can be Data Modulation to the preferred light beam of working in infra-red range that sends from one of light emitting diode 50, and described data are sent to impact point.

Important optical system is that telescope, distance measuring equipment 25 and tracker 26 are all worked on same optical axis, because they all use object lens 36.

Thereby utilizing the take accurate aim optical axis alignment of target and object lens 36 of telescope is condition precedents that the correct work of distance measuring equipment or tracker are started working.But, take accurate aim when only having target to show as clearly image in telescope that it is possible to be only, therefore focus on the particular importance that seems.

For this reason, according to the prior art shown in Fig. 4-6, the position of focus lens system or condenser lens 37 can be regulated along the optical axis of its optical axis and object lens 36.Fig. 4 illustrates condenser lens 37 in telescope unit 5 and the actuating of locating device thereof with the broken section according to Fig. 2, and it is corresponding to prior art.Drive unit comprises: have a band groove tube 52 of internal helicoid connected in star 53, describedly be arranged to and can rotate around optical axis in the housing 6 of telescope unit 5 with groove tube; And a lens holder 54, but this lens holder guided and moving linearly, and comprise a fitting piece 55 that is guided in the groove 53 with groove tube 52.Band groove tube 52 and a focusing knob 56 are rigidly connected, and can make with the axis of groove tube 52 around himself by this focusing knob and rotate.Thereby be assembled into its optical axis in lens holder 54 one of condenser lens 37 with basically coaxial with the optical axis of object lens 36 with the pivot center of groove tube 52.Be parallel to telescopical optical axis on two guide surfaces 57 of lens holder 54 in the housing 6 that is fixedly installed on telescope unit 5 and guided, can only see rear guide surface wherein in the cut-open view of Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 illustrates complete lens holder 54.On the columnar portion of holding condenser lens 37, lens holder 54 comprises the web member 55 that is formed on the first arm and the guiding piece 58 and 58 ' on level the second arm, the second arm is parallel with the axis of columnar portion, and on described columnar portion, guiding piece 58 and 58 ' contact guidance face 57.Can know from Fig. 4 and see, web member 55 is motion in the groove 53 of pipe 52.Fig. 6 illustrates complete band groove tube, it comprise dot around optical axis twist, the groove 53 that extends abreast with guide surface 57.

Focus on following carrying out: when the operator rotates the focusing knob 56 of telescope unit 5 rear end, band groove tube 52 also rotates, thereby thereby the web member 55 of motion makes lens holder 54 condenser lenses 37 move along telescopical optical axis in groove 53, rotates because guide surface 57 prevents lens holder 54.

This targeting scheme of condenser lens 37 takies very large space in telescope, and is difficult to modularization.Because accommodation zone groove tube 52 needs larger torque, so this scheme is suitable for the motor driving hardly.

For improving operating rate, the motion of special requirement condenser lens 37 is without play.

Shown in stadia according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and Fig. 1-3, the difference of stadia is the location of condenser lens or focus lens system.Described adjusting is by the motor driving and in fact without play.For this reason, the locating device of condenser lens replaces with a locating device of preferred exemplary embodiment according to the present invention also referred to as the servo-focus device.As before, use hereinafter term " condenser lens " expression single lens or a lens combination.

At first stadia according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and the difference of above-mentioned stadia are retainer and the drive unit of condenser lens 37, and next is an improved device control computer 8 '.In addition, use an executive component 59 that is connected via interface 20 ' and device control computer 8 ' to control focusing (referring to Fig. 7).The difference of this interface 20 ' and interface 20 only is that it can also detect the position of executive component 59 and this position is outputed to device and controls computer 8 '.Other parts of all of this stadia are compared with above-mentioned stadia and are not changed, so the identical label of they uses, and also are applicable to this about the explanation of described parts.

Fig. 8 illustrates the stereographic map of locating device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and this locating device is used for along the position of the optical axis mobile focusing lens 37 of the optical axis of the condenser lens 37 shown in dotted line or object lens 36 or adjusting condenser lens 37.This locating device can be used as in the housing 6 that a modular unit is contained in telescope unit 5, perhaps---can be formed directly in housing 6 in another embodiment---.

This locating device comprises that the drive division, of motor is transformed into part and a guide portion of translation with rotation, and all these parts all have common parts.These parts itself represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

This locating device has a framework 60, and this framework is fixedly connected on the housing 6 of telescope unit 5, and the fixed part of locating device is fixed thereon or arranges thereon.In fact simple, this locating device comprises a motor 61, an electro-motor exactly, the threaded mandrel 63 that this motor rotates as an axle via a shaft coupling 62, the rotation of described threaded mandrel 63 is transformed into rectilinear motion by a body 64, threaded mandrel 63 extends through body 64, and this body 64 can not rotate around the longitudinal axis of threaded mandrel 63, and described body 64 comprises an internal thread 89 that engages with the screw thread 70 of threaded mandrel 63.Screw thread 70 on axle 63 and the internal thread 89 of body represent respectively connected structure and the complimentary engagement structure of axle 63 and body 64, and they engage the rectilinear motion that is transformed into the body 64 that can not rotate with the rotation with axle.This rectilinear motion is contained in via one the parts to be positioned that Flexible Connector 65 on body 64 passes to lens holder 66 forms, is fixed with condenser lens 37 on lens holder 66.By the special guiding to lens holder 66, only regulate the position of condenser lens 37 along its optical axis, wherein, guide lens holder 66 with the second guiding piece 68 with the first guiding piece 67 on the direction parallel with optical axis, the longitudinal axis of threaded mandrel 63 is also parallel with optical axis.

Drive division comprises: the motor 61 that comprises a driving shaft 69; Axle 63 with connected structure of the constant external thread of pitch 70 forms; Shaft coupling 62, this shaft coupling flexibly the first end 71 of connecting thread axle 63 with motor 61 or its driving shaft 69, make both and can't relatively rotate; And one with the bearing assembly of axle elastic bearing on framework 60.This bearing assembly comprises a bearing 72 and two flexible members.The flexible member of bearing 72 by two elastic O- ring 74 and 75 forms remains on a bearing seat 73 in framework 60, and admits the second end 76 of threaded mandrel 63.

The first end 71 of threaded mandrel 63 via shaft coupling 62 elastic bearings on the driving shaft 69 of motor 61, its the second end 76 use bearings 72 and flexible member or O shape circle 74 and 75 elastic bearings, make between motor 61 and threaded mandrel 63 or can restricted ground transmitter shaft between threaded mandrel 63 and framework 60 to and/or radial vibration.

Be shown specifically as Fig. 9, bearing 72 is for having traditional rolling bearing of cylinder blanket, and described bearing is arranged on the second end 76 of threaded mandrel 63.

The xsect of bearing seat 73 is rounded, and it comprises surface of contact 77 and a circumferential shoulder 78 transverse to the axle orientation of its axis of threaded mandrel 63, thereby forms the first columnar portion 79 with small diameter and have larger-diameter the second columnar portion 80.The diameter of the first columnar portion 79 is chosen to be a bit larger tham the external diameter of bearing 72, thus bearing 72 can be in the first columnar portion radially and move axially.Elastic O-ring 74 is clamped between the front and surface of contact 77 of bearing 72, makes it towards motor 61 bias voltage threaded mandrels 63.Thereby O shape circle 74 axle 73 axially on restriction bearing 72 be bearing in axle 63 on bearing with respect to the vibration of bearing seat 73, preferably make this vibration damping.O shape circle 74 can use for example C.Otto Gehrckens GmbH; Co.KG Dichtungstechnik, D-25421 Pinneberg, the Xiao A hardness that Germany sells are 70 silicone raw rubber (VMQ) O shape circle.

The 2nd O shape circle 75 that is clamped between the peripheral surface of the inwall of the second columnar portion 80 in bearing seat 73 and bearing 72 is used for diametrically flexibly support thread axle 63.Be chosen to the diameter of the internal diameter of the second columnar portion 79 and O shape circle 75 xsects make bearing 72 to compress a little O shape circle 75 according to the external diameter of bearing 72.O shape circle 75 can use for example C.Otto Gehrckens GmbH; Co.KG Dichtungstechnik, D-25421 Pinneberg, the Xiao A hardness that Germany sells are 50 silicone raw rubber (VMQ) O shape circle.

The material of O shape circle 74 and 75 is chosen to: on the one hand, threaded mandrel axially on do not occur preventing that lens holder 66 is along the play of the fine adjustment of the longitudinal axis direction of threaded mandrel 63; On the other hand, during motor operation, particularly during short-run, can unrestrictedly not transmit the vibration in audio range particularly between framework 60 and threaded mandrel 63.

In another embodiment, also the piece spare made of available resilient material replaces O shape circle, at this moment, advantageously the piece spare that consists of the flexible member on meaning of the present invention radially is arranged on the circumference and front of rolling bearing rings symmetrically.

Figure 10 is the driving side part of shaft coupling 62 and the exploded perspective view of motor 61.But be arranged on the driving shaft 69 of motor 61 and this shaft coupling damped vibration between threaded mandrel 63, without play with transmit to rotate non-skidly between motor 61 and threaded mandrel 63.

The first connecting portion 81 has a opening of end that be used for to admit the driving shaft 69 of motor 61 in its bottom, this opening is flattened to prevent from skidding.Be provided with on described bottom basically and this bottom vertical or parallel with driving shaft 69 and form four resilient tab 82 of a square plug receptacle.Described the first connecting portion 81 for example can be finished with plastic.The first connecting portion 81 use fiberglass-reinforced plastic injection mouldings form, in this example, by Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany provide is called the glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate that comprises by weight 20% glass fibre of Makrolon PC-GF 25 to these plastics for for example.

By a pin 84 be contained in two elastic O-ring on the opposite end of this pin or the second connecting portion 83 that resilient disc 85 consists of inserts in described square plug receptacle.O shape circle 85 is as elastic transmission spare.The diameter of O shape circle 85 is chosen to: under confined state, the second connecting portion 83 shapes sealed and without play be engaged in the square plug receptacle of the first connecting portion 81, make driving shaft 69 and axle 63 with respect to rotational stiffness link together, and the rotation of driving shaft 69 can without play pass to threaded mandrel 63.Be metallic pin although sell in this example 84, O shape circle 85 is made of plastic, and also available suitable plastics create a member to the second connecting portion in another embodiment.O shape circle 85 can use for example C.Otto Gehrckens GmbH; Co.KG Dichtungstechnik, D-25421Pinneberg, the Xiao A hardness that Germany sells are 70 acrylonitrile butadiene raw rubber (NBR) O shape circle.

As shown in FIG. 11 and 12, threaded mandrel 63 in its driving side end or first end 71 places have one be used for being connected, having with the second connecting portion 83 sidewall that outwards opens groove 86---be a v-depression in this example, described groove 86 cuts the xsect that also laterally extends across threaded mandrel 63 vertically.Figure 12 is the sectional view of first end 71 of a part, shaft coupling 62 and the threaded mandrel 63 of motor 61.The first connecting portion 81 is contained on the end of flattening of driving shaft 69 of motor 61.The second connecting portion 83 is engaged in the square plug receptacle of the first connecting portion 81 in locking manner without play and shape, wherein the pin 84 of the second connecting portion 83 engages with the v-depression 86 of threaded mandrel 63, thus the rotation on two rotation directions of motor 61 all can without play be delivered on threaded mandrel 63., therefore do not have be delivered on threaded mandrel 63 or only have the radial vibration of serious decay to be delivered on threaded mandrel 63 from the radial vibration of motor 61 or motor drive shaft 69 in conjunction with compensating driving shaft 69 with respect to the inclination of threaded mandrel 63 due to the v-depression 86 on the first end 71 of the second connecting portion 83 and threaded mandrel 63.

Can low noise and drive threaded mandrel 63 in rotation direction without play ground thereby the interaction of bearing 72 threaded mandrels 63 between the elastic bearing at its second end 76 places and the expansion bearing at first end 71 places of driving side makes.Preferably material is chosen to, making pulsed rotate is that the rotation that the duration is very short or rotational angle is little can not cause excessive noise.

It may be due at least one in following impact that noise descends, but these impacts usually occur together.On the one hand, use the visibly different flexible member of elastic constant of elastic constant and driving shaft 69 and threaded mandrel 63 to cause the axial and/or radial vibration decoupling to a certain extent at threaded mandrel 63 places, two ends, this decoupling meeting hinders the propagation of vibration or the generation of sharp resonance.On the other hand, flexible member is the vibration damping effect that O shape circle 74,75 and O shape circle 85 respectively have himself.This not only hinders the propagation of vibration, but also makes described vibration damping.

For operated motor 61 (referring to Fig. 7), be provided with via interface 20 ' and device and control the executive component 59 of the angular encoder form that computer 8 ' is connected and be used for a control module 87 of focus driver, this control module can be controlled computer 8 ' by device and control, and this control module is arranged in telescope unit 5 and is used for controlling motor 61.Motor 61 is preferably step motor.In order to focus, the operator handles the executive component 59 of servo-focus device or locating device, and computer 8 ' is controlled via interface 20 ' input media in the position of this executive component.Then, device is controlled computer 8 ' command adapted thereto is passed to control module 87 via bus 11, and then control module 87 determines the position of motor 61 according to the setting on executive component 59.At this moment, the number of steps of motor 61 can be stored in control module 87 or device control computer 8 '.Thereby also can determine with the unshowned sensor of this paper the initial sum final position of the definite motor 61 of initial and/or final position of condenser lens 37.This sensor is known, therefore omits in the accompanying drawings.These sensors for example can be the light barrier that detects lens holder 66 or be connected in the position of the parts on lens holder in described position.In another embodiment, available rotation pot replaces angular encoder.

A part that the rotation of axle is transformed into the straight-line locating device of body partly is shown in Figure 13 and 14.This locating device comprises: threaded mandrel 63; The external thread 70 of the threaded mandrel 63 that extends through hole 88---in this example for---engages to have a hole 88 and a body 64 as the internal thread 89 of complimentary engagement structure, this internal thread 89 and connected structure; Be contained in the Flexible Connector 65 on body 64; Lens holder 66 as parts to be positioned; And with respect to fixing the first straight line guiding piece 67 that also guides lens holder 66 thereon of framework 60.In this example, the first guiding piece 67 is the cylindrical guide rod parallel with threaded mandrel 63, and vertical axis of symmetry of this guide rod is the first guiding axis.

Lens holder 66 shown in Fig. 8 and 20 is elongated shape,---be in the figure the top---in its first section or end 90 and locate to comprise a columnar portion, described columnar portion has one transverse to the longitudinal extension of lens holder 66 and for the bullport 91 of admitting guide rod 67, thereby thereby the axis moving linearly that lens holder 66 can be along the direction of guide rod 67 along threaded mandrel 63, and when only considering the first guiding piece 67, lens holder 66 also can be around this guide rod pivotable.Therefore, the peripheral surface of guide rod 67 forms the guide surface 92 of the first guiding piece 67.

Lens holder 66 also has a seat 93 that be used for to admit condenser lens 37, and this longitudinal axis that is arranged to bullport 91 with respect to bullport 91 is parallel with the optical axis of condenser lens 37 in being contained in lens holder 66.

Then be the second section or end 94 (referring to the Figure 21) that is provided with rolling bearing 95 on its of lens holder 66.

In the columnar portion at the first end place of lens holder 66, be formed with in the face of a side of threaded mandrel 63 groove 96 that a sidewall outwards opens---be a v-depression in this example, thereby described groove extend transverse to the longitudinal axis of bullport 91 channeling direction transverse to the first guiding piece 67.

Body 64 passes to lens holder 66 with the rotation that the Flexible Connector 65 1 that is mounted thereon is used from threaded mandrel 63.

Body 64 comprises that at a part 97 one is projected into described screw shell 98 outside part, the complimentary engagement structure that the external thread that it is threaded mandrel 63 that its internal thread 89 forms with the connected structure of axle 63 engages.Piece spare 97 can be made as the polycarbonate of strengthening with short glass fiber with suitable plastics.For this reason, can use Makrolon PC-GF 30 especially---a kind of by Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany provide comprises the polycarbonate of 30% glass fibre by weight.But also can use other preferably very hard plastics.Therefore, can use especially industrial plastic such as polyamide, polyethers ketenes, polyetheretherketone, polyoxyethylene or liquid crystal polymer.

Screw shell 98 slips into after making in piece spare 97, perhaps preferably when forming body by injection moulding, it is molded in this piece spare.The downside of body 64 in its figure also has the consistent circular arc dimple 99 of shape that a shape and the first guiding piece 67 are guide rod.This dimple 99 forms guiding body 64 on the first guiding piece 67, makes described guiding have the twist-lock effect, thereby prevent that body 64 from rotating together when rotating threaded mandrel 63.

Be provided with in the both sides of body 64 for the groove 100 of admitting Flexible Connector 65, described groove is arranged to install Shi Yuyi by the plane parallel of threaded mandrel 63 and guide rod 67 at body 64 with respect to dimple 99.

Flexible Connector 65 has a U-shaped section 101, utilizes it with this Flexible Connector buckle or is coupled on body 64, and two arms of described U-shaped section are in the interior extension of groove 100 of body 64.One L shaped arm 102 is with approximately angle and the described U-shaped section adjacency of 80 ° to 90 °, the supporting leg that is connected with U-shaped section 101 of this arm extends along the direction of the first guiding piece 67 or threaded mandrel 63 basically, and free-ended the second arm of the formation of this arm extends transverse to the first guiding piece 67 or the v-depression 96 that is basically parallel in lens holder 66.Being dimensioned to of the Flexible Connector 65 made from spring steel, under the embedding state, L shaped elastic arm 102 is pressed in the v-depression 96 of lens holder 66 at free-ended supporting leg by it.Like this, elastic arm 102 is not out of shape in the plane of the axis of the internal thread 89 by body 64 one especially.

This design of body 64 has some effects.On the one hand, thereby a torque is applied on body 64 screw shells 98 or internal thread wherein 89, and this torque makes body with respect to threaded mandrel 63 inclination one low-angles.When Figure 15 illustrates screw shell 98 and threaded mandrel 63 mutual inclination one low-angle to simplify sectional view, the internal thread 89 of screw shell 98 is with respect to the position of the external thread 70 of threaded mandrel 63.For the sake of clarity, exaggerated in the figure this low-angle size.Thereby the play of screw thread has been eliminated in the described inclination of screw shell 98 bodies 64 on threaded mandrel 63, because the external thread tooth side of the external thread 70 of threaded mandrel 63 is to contact the ridge side of the internal thread 89 of screw shell 98 without the play mode.Consequently, no matter the sense of displacement of the rotation direction of threaded mandrel 63 or body 64 how, the external thread of threaded mandrel 63 always contacts with each other with the identical tooth side of the internal thread of body 64, thereby realizes along the gapless of the optical axis of condenser lens 37 and drive without play.

In addition, the motion to brigadier's body 64 of the supporting leg that is connected of U-shaped L shaped arm 102 and web member 65 the section 101 by Flexible Connector 65 passes to lens holder 66.This combination that drives and force closure sealed due to shape is very close to each other and play also.In addition, lens holder 66 is pushed against on the first guiding piece 67, thereby also prevents the appearance of play.Particularly, material, size and threaded mandrel 63 by correspondingly selecting Flexible Connector 65 is with respect to the layout of the first guiding piece 67, the elastic force that the free end of web member 65 can be acted on v-depression 96 is chosen to: even there is not the play that can damage the twist-lock effect of the first guiding piece 67 in the rotation direction reversed of threaded mandrel 63 between body 64 and first guiding piece 67 of prevention body 64 with axle 63 rotations yet.

Due to Flexible Connector 65 not symmetrically but engage v-depression 96 one in respect to the plane of axle axis lateral excursion, therefore also have a torque to make it around the axis rotation of basic and axle 63 quadratures on lens holder 66, described torque makes lens holder 66 towards the second guiding piece 68 pivotables.

Figure 16 illustrates wherein another embodiment of the body 64 of screw shell 103 shortenings.This causes the friction between the external thread of the internal thread of screw shell 103 and threaded mandrel 63 to reduce, and only needs a less torque thereby regulate.

Figure 17 illustrates the body according to another embodiment, and wherein screw shell 104 comprises two isolated threaded sections 105 that separate without threaded sections 106 by.The advantage of this body is, although the total length of screw shell 104 is conducive to provide good guiding on threaded mandrel 63, but the number of turns of the screw thread that engages one another reduces, and this makes the friction between the internal thread number of turns of the external thread number of turns of threaded mandrel 63 and screw shell 104 greatly reduce.

Figure 18 illustrates the body 107 according to another embodiment, and the difference of itself and body 64 is that Flexible Connector is integrally formed.Piece spare 97 ' comprises the Flexible Connector 108 of the L shaped arm form of all-in-one-piece this moment, and this L shaped arm forms in the similar mode of arm 102 with web member 65.Both form a single part, if use suitable plastics, this single part can be advantageously by punching press, particularly by casting or injection moulding manufacturing.At this moment, preferably use under the working temperature of expection not can or seldom creep or mobile plastics, thereby even the elastic performance of web member 108 can not be reduced to the obvious degree that affects its function yet after permanent distortion.For this reason, preferably use the high plastics of glass temperature, particularly hypocrystalline plastics.Can use in addition fiber-reinforced plastic such as glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate.

Figure 19 illustrates another embodiment of body, and this body is the same with body in Figure 18 comprises the piece spare with all-in-one-piece Flexible Connector 108, but the contraction in length of screw shell 103 in this embodiment.

Figure 20 with another embodiment shown in front elevation in, in body 64 ' and Figure 13,14,16 and 17, the difference of the body of embodiment is, body 64 ' has a teat 114 in that side at groove place, described teat 114 stretches out from the side with arm 102 adjacency of body 64, and arm 102 is positioned at the back of teat 114.This teat in this embodiment is preventing arm 102 slippage from the body 64 during assembling connecting piece 65.

The guide portion of this locating device is used for guiding lens holder 66 (referring to Figure 21), and this guide portion comprises the first guiding piece 67, the second guiding piece 68, the lens holder 66 of conduct parts to be positioned of rolling bearing 95 and the magnet apparatus with the magnet 109 that is attached on lens holder 66 are housed on it.

As mentioned above, the first end with bullport 91 of lens holder 66 is that top 90 is directed on the first guiding piece 67.The second end 94 of lens holder 66 is directed on the second guiding piece 68.This purpose is by rolling bearing 95 realizations, and this rolling bearing is arranged on the second end of lens holder 66, and its pivot center extends along the direction of the longitudinal axis quadrature of basic and bullport 91.

In addition, be provided with magnet 109 in the section of the formation seat 93 of lens holder 66, the longitudinal axis of the bipolar and lens holder 66 of this magnet, namely form the angle of about 30 ° with the pivot center of rolling bearing 95.

The second guiding piece 68 and the first guiding piece 67 are arranged on framework 60 abreast.This second guiding piece has the guide surface 111 parallel with the first guiding axis or the first guiding piece 67.The normal of guide surface 111 roughly with one the optical axis O (referring to Figure 21) of the longitudinal axis by the first guiding piece 67 and condenser lens 37 and at lens holder 66 along the planar quadrature of extending on the possible mobile route of the direction of the first guiding piece 67.As shown in figure 21, when along the first guiding piece 67 guiding lens holder 66, therefore rolling bearing 95 and cylinder blanket thereof can roll on guide surface 111.

On the second guiding piece 68, vertically namely be equipped with soft magnetic material, for example ferromagnetic material on the direction parallel with the first guiding piece 67, be preferably the armature card 110 that iron is made at it.The normal N of armature card 110 and guide surface 111 forms the angle of about 30 °

And with the bipolar direction of magnet 109 in line.Depending on its design and use, armature card 110 can be at least extends on the second guiding piece 68 is actually used in the whole length of guiding.

The optical axis of the condenser lens 37 during threaded mandrel 63, the first guiding piece 67 and the second guiding piece 68 or its guide surface 111 are arranged to them and are contained in lens holder 66 with respect to lens holder 66 is parallel.

Thereby be connected in formation force closure between lens holder 66 and armature card 110 and the second guiding piece 68 by the magnetic force that produces between the magnet 109 on the lens holder 66 that is contained in contiguous armature card 110 and armature card 110.In order to prevent friction extra between armature card 110 and magnet 109, be provided with an about wide small air gap 112 (referring to Figure 21) of 0.5mm for example between described two parts.

Be to have that on first guiding piece 67 of guide rod of circular cross section, guiding lens holder 66 allows the motion of lens holders 66 that two degree of freedom are arranged in form: thus be along the first guiding piece 67 along condenser lens 37 or the rectilinear motion of the optical axis of object lens 36 on the one hand, the pivoting action around the longitudinal axis of the first guiding piece 67 on the other hand, but this pivoting action can make the optical axis of the optical axis of condenser lens 37 and object lens 36 not on same straight line.

Eliminate this degree of freedom by the second guiding piece 68, magnet 109 and armature card 110.Due to magnet 109 with respect to the above-mentioned layout of the longitudinal axis of lens holder 66 and the orientation of armature card 110, thereby magnet 109 roughly becomes 30 ° angles with guide surface 111 with a plane by threaded mandrel 63 and the first guiding piece 67 with magnetic force between armature card 110.Consequently generate a power or torque, this power or torque pull to the guide surface 111 of the second guiding piece 68 to lens holder 66 with the second end 94 of rolling bearing 95.This causes (lens holder) second end to be guided on the second guiding piece 68 or its guide surface 111 without play ground.In addition, locating device can rotate together with telescope unit 5 angle of any hope, particularly 180 ° and the guiding still without play.

Simultaneously, lens holder 66 utilizes its bullport 91 to be pulled on the first guiding piece 67, thereby the first guiding piece in lens holder 66 and guide sleeve 91 is to have avoided the existence of play between guide rod 67.Therefore the optical axis that can avoid condenser lens 37 with respect to the optical axis of the longitudinal axis of threaded mandrel 63 or object lens 36 inclination---this inclination can cause image local not focus on.

Thereby use is pulled to the friction between the guide surface that rolling bearing 95 that the second guiding piece 68 contacts with this second guiding piece reduced the second end of lens holder 66 and the second guiding piece 68 greatly.

In another embodiment, the second guiding piece 68 itself can be a magnet.Ferromagnetic armature element can be arranged on lens holder 66 or by lens holder and consist of this moment.

Magnet 109 also can use electromagnet, and one of its advantage is to change magnetic force by changing magnetic flux.

In addition, angle φ also can change, and can get any value between 0 ° and 90 ° outside 30 °.Then magnet 109 preferably is assembled into its bipolar normal with armature card 110 and roughly aligns on lens holder 66.

In another embodiment, the magnet of the longitudinal extension that armature element 110 use one sizes are identical with armature element 110 replaces, and the magnet 109 use one shapes ferromagnetic armature element identical with magnet 109 replaces.

Alternatively, the various piece of lens holder can be made with ferromagnetic material such as iron.

In another embodiment of locating device shown in Figure 22, O shape circle 74 and 75 is not arranged between bearing seat 73 and bearing 72, and is arranged between in threaded mandrel 63 and this bearing one, and then this can be contained in the bearing seat 73 of framework rigidly.

In addition, as the replacement scheme of elastic coupling 62, perhaps in addition, can flexibly be contained in motor 61 on framework 60, for this reason, for example a flexible member 113 (referring to Figure 23) can be set between the erecting device on motor 61 and framework 60.

The complimentary engagement structure of body 64 needs not to be screw thread.The body 64 that schematically shows in Figure 24 and 25 " optional embodiment and the difference of one of the embodiment of above-mentioned body 64 be, it comprises by being contained in body 64 " in pin 115 consist of and radially extend into for the body 64 of admitting threaded mandrel 63 " perforation 116 in two projections as the complimentary engagement structure.This pin 115 is along being spaced from each other on the direction of axle 63, and along opposite radially stretching in perforation 116.Body 64 " effect that tilts is identical with the situation that internal thread is used as the complimentary engagement structure.Along on each direction of axle 63, one in pin 115 contacts with the rib on the other side of the thread groove of axle 63 or the section of wall, thereby the motion on both direction is all without play.

In another embodiment shown in Figure 26 and 27, as the protrusion pin 117 of complimentary engagement structure in perforation 116 with the tangent direction of axle 63 on stretch into perforation 116 in being threadedly engaged with of axle 63.These pins 117 also are spaced from each other along the direction of axle 63, and are arranged on opposite radial position place with respect to the longitudinal axis of axle 63.

In another embodiment, the available one corresponding rib that is formed in body replaces pin 117.

In addition, the connected structure of axle 63 needs not to be screw thread.As shown in Figure 28 and 29, axle 63 ' can comprise along opposite radially stretches out and along two projections of spaced pin 118 forms of axle 63 ' from axle 63 '.Pin 118 is provided with the top that engages with the internal thread of body 64.Pin 118 can be force-fitted in the respective aperture of axle 63 '.

In another embodiment, the eyepiece in stadia replaces with the video sensor parts of a video camera, and whole video camera is made of object lens 36, condenser lens 37 and video sensor parts.

Locating device of the present invention also can be used for stadia---or more generally, optical instrument---outside other purpose, wherein lens holder 66 can replace with another element to be positioned.

But those skilled in the art apparently can be in the situation that do not depart from the scope of claims and change and modification.

Claims (14)

1. locating device comprises:

Framework (60);

Motor (61) with driving shaft;

The axle (63 that has first end (71) and the second end (76) and can rotate with respect to this framework (60); 63 '); And

Shaft coupling (62), this shaft coupling flexibly is connected to described axle (63 with described driving shaft; 63 ') described first end (71), axle (63 when making the drive shaft turns when motor (61); 63 ') also rotate, described shaft coupling (62) comprises at least one elastic transmission spare (85); Wherein

Bearing assembly (72,74,75 is provided; 113), described bearing assembly (72,74,75; 113) with axle (63; 63 ') the second end (76) flexibly is bearing on framework (60), and

Described bearing assembly (72,74,75) is included in supporting spindle (63 in framework (60); The resilient bearing assembly (72,74,75) of the second end (76) 63 '),

Described resilient bearing assembly (72,74,75) comprises that form is the flexible member of O shape circle (74,75) or piece spare or cup shell, and at least a portion of wherein said flexible member (74) is along axle (63; 63 ') axially clamped is so that described driving shaft (69) and axle (63; 63 ') by towards the other side's bias voltage.

2. by locating device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described resilient bearing assembly (72,74,75) comprises that the bearing (72) that is arranged on framework (60) and at least one are arranged on axle (63; 63 ') between the second end (76) and described bearing (72) or the flexible member (74,75) between described bearing (72) and framework (60).

3. by locating device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that,

At least a portion of described flexible member (75) is along axle (63; 63 ') radially clamped.

4. by locating device claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described locating device comprises with respect to axle (63; 63 ') two or more described flexible members (74,75) that arrange symmetrically.

5. by locating device claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described bearing (72) is rolling bearing.

6. by locating device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described shaft coupling (62) is with respect to rotational stiffness ground connection driving shaft (69) and the axle (63 of described driving shaft (69); 63 '); Described shaft coupling (62) and axle (63; 63 ') connect into axle (63; 63 ') can tilt with respect to the pivot center of driving shaft (69).

7. by locating device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that axle (63; 63 ') first end (71) with axle (63; Comprise a groove (86) on the direction of pivot center quadrature 63 '); The sidewall of this groove (86) outwards opens at least partly; Described shaft coupling (62) comprise be connected in described elastic transmission spare (85) and with described groove (86) without play the pin (84) that engages.

8. by locating device claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described shaft coupling (62) comprises the first connecting portion (81) that is rigidly connected to described driving shaft (69) and comprises described elastic transmission spare (85) and be connected in axle (63; 63 ') the second connecting portion (83).

9. by locating device claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described the second connecting portion (83) by shape sealed with without play ground cooperation or connect by interlocking and be connected in described the first connecting portion (81).

10. by locating device claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described the first connecting portion (81) is faced axle (63 at it; 63 ') end comprises a square plug receptacle.

11. by locating device claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described the second connecting portion (83) comprises a pin (84), all is provided with elastic O-ring (85) or resilient disc (85) on each end of this pin.

12. by locating device claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that axle (63; 63 ') have axle axis and external engagement structure (70; 118), and described locating device also comprise:

Part (66) is positioned;

Body (64; 64 '; 64 "; 107), this body can be along axle (63; 63 ') mobile, and have and axle (63; 63 ') connected structure (70; 118) the complimentary engagement structure (89 that engages; 115; 117), with at body (64; 64 '; 64 "; 107) be prevented from axle (63; When 63 ') rotating with axle (63; 63 ') rotation is transformed into body (64; 64 '; 64 "; 107) translation;

Be used for stoping body (64; 64 '; 64 "; 107) with axle (63; 63 ') retaining element (67) that rotates; And

Flexible Connector (65; 108), this Flexible Connector applies a torque so that body (64; 64 '; 64 "; 107) tilt with respect to described axle axis, and with body (64; 64 '; 64 "; 107) translation passes to the part that is positioned (66).

13. optical instrument comprises by locating device claimed in claim 1.

14. by the described optical instrument of claim 13, it is characterized in that, described optical instrument is surveying instrument.

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