CN101685190B - Positioning device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a positioning device, which comprises a framework (60), a motor (61) with a driving shaft, a mandrel (63) provided with a first end (71) and a second end (76) and capable of rotating relative to the framework (60), a coupling (62) elastically connecting the driving shaft to the first end (71) of the mandrel (63) and making the mandrel (63) rotate when the driving shaft of the motor (61) rotates, and supporting components (72, 74 and 75) elastically supporting one of the second end (76) of the mandrel (63) and the motor (61) onto the framework (60).

Description

Locating device

The application is that application number is dividing an application of 200580046518.8 patented claim, and the applying date of original application is on January 12nd, 2005, and denomination of invention is " locating device ".

Technical field

The present invention relates to the locating device of a kind of locating device, particularly optical instrument, and the optical instrument of this class locating device, particularly stadia are housed.

Background technology

In many cases, the purposes of locating device is to regulate a position component to be positioned with controlled with accurate way.The example of this class locating device is included in and is used in the optical instrument along lens axis mobile lens or lens combination so that for example focus on the focalizer or the focus control of this image when object image-forming.

This class locating device is known, and example is for example referring to JP 62-255907, DE691 17 435T2, JP 3-288108A, JP 8-184742A, JP 08-194148A, JP 7-151947, US2002/0106205A1, JP 2002214506A, US 2002/0106205, WO 95/22778A, DD247493, JP 61-231516A, JP 62-255907, DE 691 17 435T2, JP3-294813A, US 2002/0106205A1 and JP 2000098210A.The number of components of some locating device use is bigger at least in these locating devices.

When locating device was used for the focalizer of optical instrument such as camera and microscope, if focus on fast, then the location must accurately and not have play.If locating device is used for the device by user's operation, the noise when then locating device positions should be very little.

Focalizer not only is used for camera and microscope, but also is used for surveying instrument, particularly so-called stadia, and stadia comprises angle measurement unit and distance-measuring device, also often is called tacheometer or total powerstation.These stadias comprise and are used to aim at the telescope that needs are determined the target of its distance or position.

The telescope of this class stadia is equipped with object lens especially, and object lens comprise condenser lens or the focus lens group that is fixedly connected on usually on the condenser lens pipe, and this condenser lens pipe can promptly move freely along telescopical optical axis direction in a conduit vertically.Be provided with a trough of belt pipe around this conduit, this conduit is fixedly connected on the housing of device or be that the part of housing, this trough of belt pipe can center on optical axis and freely rotate and have a groove, and this groove has a pitch along the length direction of optical axis.The observer uses the manual manipulation lens actuator, rotates this trough of belt pipe around optical axis for this reason, makes that of condenser lens pipe moves along the curve that is limited by groove in the conduit with the projection of fillister joint.The mechanism that one of condenser lens pipe is used to stop the condenser lens pipe to rotate converts the rotation of trough of belt pipe to the axially-movable of condenser lens pipe.This scheme complexity takies a lot of spaces in the telescope, and can't make structural module.Need big torque owing to regulate the condenser lens pipe, so this scheme is suitable for motor driven hardly.

Summary of the invention

First purpose of the present invention provides the little locating device of a kind of work noise.

Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of locating device, and this locating device can easily convert the rotation of motor to no gap and zero-lash mode the rectilinear motion of parts to be positioned.

In addition, the 3rd purpose of the present invention provide a kind of can be easily, the accurate locating device of guiding parts to be positioned in no play ground.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of locating device is provided, this locating device comprises: framework; Motor with driving shaft; The axle that has first end and second end and can rotate with respect to this framework; Described driving shaft flexibly is connected to described first end of described axle, the shaft coupling that axle is also rotated when making drive shaft turns when motor; And second end of axle and in the motor at least one flexibly be bearing in bearing assembly on the framework.

In locating device, be subjected to the axle of motor driven to be used for moving a body to be driven via shaft coupling according to a first aspect of the present invention.This body can be the parts that locating device will be located, and perhaps is connected in parts to be positioned.For this reason, axle can comprise and is used for the external engagement structure that engages with the complimentary engagement structure of body to be driven.This connected structure for example can comprise at least one in a projection, a rib, a pin, a dimple, a groove or the screw thread.This complimentary engagement structure is suitable for engaging with this connected structure, thereby the rotation of axle is transformed into the motion of body.

Motor can be the motor of any kind, particularly electro-motor.For simply, accurately the location, this electro-motor can be step motor.

In order to reduce noise, particularly vibration, bearing assembly is second end of supporting spindle and at least one in the motor flexibly, and shaft coupling flexibly connects the driving shaft and the axle of motor simultaneously.This layout especially reduces noise owing to vibration damping and/or each parts of locating device in the part decoupling (closing) aspect the vibration, and described decoupling can reduce acoustical vibration along the propagation of these parts and reduce resonance possible in the structure.

In order very accurately to locate parts to be positioned, shaft coupling can flexibly connect the driving shaft of motor and first end of axle, makes the rotation of driving shaft not be delivered to first end of axle with having play.This can be by using shaft coupling suitable design, particularly suitably select employed material to realize.Preferably, this shaft coupling is also at the first end place supporting spindle.

Owing to used the shaft coupling of the driving shaft that flexibly connects motor and axle and used second end of axle and in the motor at least one flexibly are bearing in bearing assembly on the framework, so by the revolution axle time, only produce very little or very low noise according to the locating device of a first aspect of the present invention.

In order to realize the low noise operation of locating device, bearing assembly can have the vibration damping performance.Preferably, the vibration in the audio range is attenuated.

If bearing assembly comprises the resilient bearing assembly of second end of the axle of a scaffold, then can obtain the simple structure of locating device.Generally can use any resilient bearing assembly.But, in order to obtain simple modular construction, preferably, this resilient bearing assembly comprise one be installed in the bearing on the framework and be arranged on second end of axle and bearing between or at least one flexible member between bearing and the framework.Preferably, do not contact with framework with bearing and at second kind of situation lower bearing at second end of first kind of situation lower spindle, but separate by this at least one flexible member.Therefore, can obtain second end of axle and the part decoupling between bearing or bearing and the framework.

In general, flexible member can have any suitable shape, and can be in any suitable position with respect to second end of framework, bearing and axle.Preferably, at least one section of flexible member axially clamped along axle.Particularly, flexible member can be clamped between end face of axle second end and the bearing or between bearing and the framework.This layout can be installed in axle on the position of one basic fixed with respect to framework, realize simultaneously vibration damping and/or axle and framework aspect axial vibration to the small part decoupling.

In order to limit the radial motion of axle, at least one section of flexible member radially clamped along axle preferably.Particularly, this section of flexible member can be clamped between second end of axle and the bearing or between bearing and the framework.

Flexible member can be made with any suitable elastic materials.But in order to reduce noise well, flexible member is preferably made with elastomeric material.Can use suitable elastic body or thermoplastic elastomer especially as elastomeric material.For example can use synthetic rubber.

In order to reduce noise well, flexible member preferably makes the vibration damping in the audio range.This can realize by the suitable shape of suitably selecting elastomeric material and flexible member.

Usually need only use a flexible member.But, preferably arrange two or more flexible members symmetrically with respect to axle in order to realize the locating device good working performance.

Flexible member can be O shape circle.The center of O shape circle can be concentric with the longitudinal axis of axle, makes O shape circle be symmetrical in axle and arrange.O shape circle is convenient to the assembling of locating device.

Particularly, if only use a flexible member, then this flexible member can be cup-shaped.Flexible member can form at least a portion or the bearing of receivability axle second end especially.This class flexible member is convenient to the assembling of locating device especially.

As another replacement scheme, flexible member also can be piece spare.Preferably use to be symmetrical at least two piece spares that axle is arranged, thus supporting spindle symmetrically.

If in locating device, use, then can use any combination of any combination of flexible member, particularly above-mentioned three types of flexible members more than a flexible member.

In order to reduce frictional dissipation and to reduce corresponding noise, this bearing is preferably rolling bearing.

In general, can use any shaft coupling that connects this driving shaft and axle with respect to the rotational stiffness of motor drive shaft ground flexibly to be connected first end and the motor drive shaft of axle.In order to realize between driving shaft and axle first end that elasticity is connected simply, this shaft coupling preferably includes at least one elastic transmission spare.Particularly, material behavior of this elastic transmission spare and shape may be selected to and can reduce noise well.In order to obtain good stable on the one hand, reduce noise on the other hand well, this elastic transmission spare usable polymers material is made.

In order there to be play ground the rotation of motor drive shaft is not passed to axle, this shaft coupling preferably connects this driving shaft and axle with respect to the rotational stiffness ground of driving shaft, and shaft coupling connect into axle with axle can be with respect to the pivot center inclination of driving shaft.

If axle first end with the direction of the pivot center quadrature of axle on comprise that the sidewall of a groove, this groove outwards opens at least partly, and when shaft coupling comprises one of the pin that is connected in elastic transmission spare and do not engage with this groove with having play or edge, then obtain especially simply design.Be used in combination the outside at least partly open groove of its sidewall and be connected in pin or edge on the elastic transmission spare, make axle all can not have play ground and rotate two rotation directions, particularly in axle by the flexible member of the bearing assembly at the axle second end place during towards the motor bias voltage.If the outside at least partly open groove of its sidewall is a v-depression, then can on axle, make this groove especially simply.

In order to obtain the simple structure of shaft coupling, shaft coupling preferably includes first connecting portion that is rigidly connected to driving shaft and comprises elastic transmission spare and be connected in second connecting portion of axle.

In order to realize the especially simply assembling of shaft coupling, preferably second connecting portion is connected in first connecting portion by shape cooperation or interlocking.Because shape is connected and is preferably releasable connection, therefore maintenance is convenient in this connection especially.Shape cooperates or interlocking only connects a rotation with respect to driving shaft and provides and be rigidly connected, and the translation along the longitudinal axis of axle is needed not to be rigidly connected.Particularly, first connecting portion and second connecting portion can be formed them can be plugged on together along the longitudinal axis of axle.At this moment, need not specific purpose tool just can easily assemble.

Preferably, first connecting portion comprises a square plug receptacle at its place, end in the face of axle.This square plug receptacle can be used for admitting elastic transmission spare.Square plug receptacle not only makes the making of the connecting portion of winning simple, and allows the rotation of driving shaft is not passed to axle with having play substantially.

Second connecting portion can comprise a pin especially, all is provided with an elastic O-ring or resilient disc on each end of this pin.This elastic O-ring or resilient disc can be particularly useful as above-mentioned elastic transmission spare.This design of second connecting portion makes can use the parts that also can be used for other purpose especially, thereby can reduce the cost of locating device.

Preferably, the flexible member of O shape circle or resilient disc and bearing assembly makes driving shaft and axle quilt towards the other side's bias voltage.Particularly, biasing force can be basically along the axis of axle, even make that pin or edge also keep contacting with the wall of groove when having torque to be applied on the driving shaft.Like this, axle is securely held between bearing assembly and motor.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a kind of locating device is provided, this locating device comprises: part is positioned; Rotatable axle with external engagement structure; Body, this body can move along axle, and has the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the connected structure of axle, the rotation of axle is transformed into when being prevented from body being rotated by axle the translation of body; Be used to stop the retaining element of body by the axle rotation; And Flexible Connector, this Flexible Connector applies a torque with respect to axle to body, and the motion of body is passed to the part that is positioned.

Can comprise any feature according to the locating device of a first aspect of the present invention, particularly above-mentioned feature according to the locating device of a second aspect of the present invention.On the contrary, the locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention also can comprise: part is positioned; Body, this body can move along axle, and has the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the connected structure of axle, the rotation of axle is transformed into when being prevented from body being rotated by axle the translation of body; Be used to stop the retaining element of body by the axle rotation; And Flexible Connector, this Flexible Connector applies a torque so that body with respect to spindle tilt, and passes to the part that is positioned with the motion of body.

In locating device according to a second aspect of the present invention, when retaining element stops body to be rotated by axle, the rotation of axle can be transformed into the rectilinear motion of body by means of the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the axle connected structure of the connected structure of axle and body.Flexible Connector has two effects: at first, the elastic force that produces by means of Flexible Connector distortion apply a torque so that body with respect to axle, particularly around one with the axle axis tilt of quadrature roughly.Body causes connected structure and complimentary engagement structure that corresponding inclination relative to each other takes place with respect to this inclination of axle, thereby thereby all not having gap and no play ground in the rotation of two rotation direction axles is transformed into the be positioned rectilinear motion of part of body.The torque that is applied on the body is produced by the elastic performance of at least a portion of Flexible Connector.

Secondly, Flexible Connector is used for the motion of body is passed to the part that is positioned, and this has simplified the design of locating device greatly.

Can be easily the rotation by the axle of motor driven not be passed to the body of translation to be positioned with having gap and no play according to the locating device of a second aspect of the present invention.Particularly this locating device occupation space is little, therefore is specially adapted in microscope, camera and the surveying instrument.

The external engagement structure of axle and the complimentary engagement structure of body are used for when stoping body to be rotated by axle by retaining element the rotation of axle being transformed into the translation of body.In general, can use the connected structure and the complimentary engagement structure of any kind that is suitable for this transformation.

Preferably, the complimentary engagement structure forms and is arranged as, when torque makes body with respect to spindle tilt, the part of complimentary engagement structure is along engaging with connected structure on the first direction of axle, and another part of complimentary engagement structure engages with connected structure on the second direction opposite with first direction.Therefore, all can avoid gapped between connected structure and the complimentary engagement structure for the motion on the both direction.

Preferably, the connected structure of axle comprises the groove that at least one twines around axle.The pitch of the groove that twines around axle can be constant or change.Particularly, connected structure can comprise the external thread that is formed on the axle.This axle can high precision be made at an easy rate, and easy to assembly.

Especially in these cases, the complimentary engagement structure of body can comprise at least one projection or rib.This projection or rib form and/or are arranged as groove or the engage threads with the connected structure of axle.Projection or rib are used as the friction that can reduce when the complimentary engagement structure stops body to rotate in the axle rotation and with retaining element between connected structure and the complimentary engagement structure.

For the operation that realizes that play is especially little, the complimentary engagement structure optimization ground of body comprises at least two projections or two ribs that radially are oppositely arranged with respect to axle.This projection or rib are arranged to, when torque makes body with respect to spindle tilt, in this projection or the rib one along on the first direction of axle with connected structure such as groove or engage threads, second projection or rib on the second direction opposite with first direction with connected structure such as groove or engage threads.Therefore, all can avoid gapped between connected structure and the complimentary engagement structure for the motion on the both direction.In general, this projection or rib can with the direction of the parallel longitudinal of axle on be spaced from each other, make this projection or rib all can engage with connected structure.

In another embodiment, the complimentary engagement structure of body comprises at least one screw thread.Preferably, this screw thread is a threaded perforation in the body, thereby body is accurately guided by axle along the direction of axle.The screw thread of complimentary engagement structure can engage with the connected structure of axle, particularly, if axle is provided with screw thread, then the screw thread of complimentary engagement structure can with being threadedly engaged with of the connected structure of axle.Screw thread inclination relative to each other causes between the tooth side of screw thread the both direction contact along axle, thereby can avoid between body and the axle gap or play vertically occurring along axle.

Especially in the case, when the connected structure of axle comprised external thread, the complimentary engagement structure of body can comprise at least two parallel ribs or groove.This rib or groove be shape especially linearly.At this moment, because rib or groove need not to be arranged in the perforation, so body can clip on the axle, and this makes that the assembling of locating device is very simple.

Alternatively, the connected structure of axle can comprise at least one projection or at least one rib on the axle outside surface.This moment, the complimentary engagement structure can for example be the screw thread in the threaded perforations of body.

Preferably, the connected structure of axle can comprise at least two projections that radially are oppositely arranged with respect to axle.This projection can be spaced from each other on the direction of axle especially.The complimentary engagement structure can be particularly including screw thread or parallel ribs or groove.At this moment, projection can be the engaging with the complimentary engagement structure on rightabout along axle of complimentary engagement structure, thereby the rotation of axle can not have the gap and/or do not have the motion that play ground is transformed into body.

In general, connected structure and/or complimentary engagement structure can comprise one of above-mentioned feature or its combination.

Flexible Connector can apply torque in every way so that body tilts.In one embodiment, at least one section of Flexible Connector rests on the part that is positioned to apply tilt torque on body.Like this, the structure of locating device is simple especially.Particularly, power can act on the part that is positioned simultaneously.This power can be used for towards guiding this part that is positioned of guiding piece bias voltage of part that is positioned, thereby can further avoid the generation of gap or play.

In general, Flexible Connector apply a torque so that body with respect to axle around an axis tilt longitudinally that favours or preferably be orthogonal to axle.Preferably, this Flexible Connector is connected body and is positioned on the part, and applies this torque around an axis parallel with axle.This additional torque can be used for promoting to be positioned part along respective direction.Therefore, Flexible Connector can be simultaneously apply torque around different axis, i.e. torque be included on the direction with vertical quadrature of axle and with the direction of the parallel longitudinal of axle on component.

Flexible Connector can be in any suitable manner passes to the part that is positioned with the motion of body.Preferably, the part that is positioned comprises the groove that Flexible Connector engages, and this groove preferably has outside open sidewall.Particularly, this groove can be V-shaped.Use groove that body and the motion that is connected in the Flexible Connector of body are passed to the assembling that the part that is positioned is convenient to locating device especially.In addition, because groove has outside open sidewall, therefore all can realize not having play and gapless motion transmission in the opposite direction.

Also simultaneously the motion of body is passed to the part that is positioned in order to apply torque, Flexible Connector preferably includes a L shaped arm, the free end of this L shaped arm and described fillister joint.Can select the geometric configuration of L shaped arm to set in conjunction with the material behavior that forms L shaped arm material therefor and make the torque of body with respect to spindle tilt.

Flexible Connector can be made with the suitably crooked spring steel that is clamped on the body.The advantage of this embodiment is can select also can keep its elastic performance for a long time under the environmental baseline of spring steel with earthquake, when for example temperature variation is very big.

Structure is simple especially when Flexible Connector and body form.Particularly, at least a portion of body and Flexible Connector can form by compacting or injection moulding with the suitable polymers material.

The complimentary engagement structure of thread forms can be provided with in a different manner in the body.Body can have a hole, is provided with the screw thread of body in this hole.Particularly, can cut out screw thread on the surface in hole, this is easily when body is made with polymkeric substance.

Alternatively, body can comprise that a part and is arranged in this piece spare and has the sleeve of the internal thread that is used to admit axle.Particularly, sleeve wearing and tearing that can cause with the connected structure that can resist axle and/or the material that only produces low friction when engaging with the connected structure of axle are made.Particularly, can use by suitable metal sleeve.Like this, can obtain very firm design.

For the friction between the complimentary engagement structure of the connected structure that reduces axle and body, the screw thread in the body can comprise two threaded sections that separated by a no threaded sections.Body stably can be installed on the axle simultaneously.

Preferably, be provided with a guiding piece to be used for guiding the part that is positioned along the direction parallel with axle, this guiding piece guides body especially.At this moment, need not Flexible Connector and guide the part that is positioned, thus designs simplification, and very accurate to the guiding of the part that is positioned, the motion of the part that therefore is positioned is very accurate.This guiding piece can be above-mentioned first guiding piece especially.

In general, can use an independent element as retaining element.But preferably guiding piece stops body to rotate around axle.Therefore, this guiding piece just is used to stop the retaining element of body by the axle rotation.Therefore, guiding piece provides two kinds of different functions, and this has simplified the structure of locating device.

In order to ensure accurately guiding the part that is positioned, preferably guiding piece comprises a bar, and the part that is positioned comprises that one admits the hole of this bar.Like this, the guiding of the part that is positioned is only stayed the translation of the part that is positioned of one degree of freedom, i.e. rectilinear motion.

All be prevented from being rotated by axle on two rotation directions in order to ensure body, body preferably includes a dimple that is used to admit guiding piece.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a kind of locating device is provided, this locating device comprises: part is positioned; Be used for guiding first guiding piece of first section of the part that is positioned along the first guiding axis; Have and be parallel to the guide surface that the first guiding axis extends and be used to guide second guiding piece of second section of part of being positioned; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of second guiding piece.

First guiding piece can be constrained to the translation of the part that is positioned along the translation of the first guiding axis, but does not generally limit other motion of the part that is positioned.Be positioned the combining of magnet apparatus of second section of part of second guiding piece and guide surface bias voltage towards second guiding piece guaranteed with very little play or gap or do not had play or further the be positioned freedom of motion of part of restriction with gap, makes accurately to guide the part that is positioned along the guide surface of second guiding piece.Particularly, if the biasing force of magnet apparatus is enough big, then can be at locating device with respect to a plurality of orientations of gravity, preferably on any orientation, obtain to be positioned the accurate guiding of part along guide surface.This is particular importance for comprising the surveying instrument that a band telescope unit of locating device and this telescope unit can be at any angle rotated around a horizontal axis.

Can comprise according to the locating device of first aspect present invention and/or according to any feature of the locating device of second aspect present invention according to the locating device of a third aspect of the present invention.On the contrary, the locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention also can comprise: part is positioned; Be used for guiding first guiding piece of first section of the part that is positioned along the first guiding axis; Have and be parallel to the guide surface that the first guiding axis extends and be used to guide second guiding piece of second section of part of being positioned; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of second guiding piece.

Locating device according to a first aspect of the present invention also can comprise: part is positioned; Body, this body can move along axle, and has the complimentary engagement structure that engages with the connected structure of axle, the rotation of axle is transformed into when being prevented from body being rotated by axle the translation of body; Be used to stop the retaining element of body by the axle rotation; Apply a torque so that body with respect to spindle tilt and the motion of body is passed to the Flexible Connector of the part that is positioned; Be used for guiding first guiding piece of first section of the part that is positioned along the first guiding axis; Have and be parallel to the guide surface that the first guiding axis extends and be used to guide second guiding piece of second section of part of being positioned; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of second guiding piece.Locating device according to a second aspect of the present invention also can comprise: first guiding piece that is used for guiding along the first guiding axis first section of the part that is positioned; Have with the guide surface of the first leading axle line parallel and be used to guide second guiding piece of second section of part of being positioned; And towards the be positioned magnet apparatus of second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of second guiding piece.

In general, the magnet apparatus that comprises at least one magnet is just enough towards be positioned second section of part of the guide surface bias voltage of second guiding piece.For the part of can avoiding being positioned produces gap or play with respect to first guiding piece, this magnet apparatus preferably generates a biasing force that favours the normal of guide surface.

Preferably, first guiding piece the limit movement of the part that is positioned become along the first guiding axis move and around the pivoting action of the first guiding axis.Particularly, therefore first guiding piece can comprise a guide rod.Thereby can obtain guiding steadily and accurately.

In addition, the part that is positioned can comprise that one admits the bullport of guide rod.Like this, first guiding piece becomes the limit movement of the part that is positioned along the translation of the first guiding axis and has only the another one degree of freedom promptly around the pivoting action of the first guiding axis, thus by with second guiding piece and magnet apparatus combine the be positioned accurate guiding of part of realization.

In order to reduce be positioned second section of part and the friction between the guide surface, locating device comprises also that preferably one is installed on second section of the part that is positioned and comprises the rolling bearing of an external component that rolls on guide surface.

Magnet apparatus comprises that one generates the magnet of biasing force with suitable corresponding armature element.In one embodiment, this magnet apparatus comprises that one is fixed on the magnet on the part that is positioned.This makes can use small magnet, and this small magnet makes weight saving, and reduces the scope by the magnetic field of magnet other parts that generate, that may disturb locating device.

Especially in this case, preferably, a soft magnetism or ferromagnetic armature element are installed on second guiding piece, and magnet apparatus and this armature element interact and second section is pulled to guide surface.The armature element of this embodiment can use different materials with second guiding piece, thereby makes their performance the bests separately.

Alternatively, second guiding piece is made with soft magnetism or ferromagnetic material, magnet apparatus with interact as second guiding piece of armature element and second section pulled to guide surface.The advantage of this embodiment is that the required number of components of locating device is less.

As being fixed on substituting or replenishing of magnet on the part that is positioned, magnet apparatus can comprise a magnet with respect to the hard-wired longitudinal extension of second guiding piece, and the part that is positioned can comprise a soft magnetism or ferromagnetic section.This ferromagnetic section can be arranged in magnet apparatus and soft magnetism or the ferromagnetic section power that generates between the part that promptly is positioned second section be pulled to guide surface with respect to magnet apparatus.If be difficult to or can't be installed in magnet on the part that is positioned, then this embodiment is preferred.

For second section of the part that will be positioned pulls to guide surface, simultaneously along the direction bias voltage that is orthogonal to or favours the first guiding axis part that is positioned, magnet apparatus preferably generates a power that favours the straight line of first section that connects the part that is positioned and second section.

Can be used for any occasion according to locating device of the present invention, but be preferably used for comprising the optical devices of lens to be positioned.At this moment, according to of the present invention second and/or the locating device and corresponding preferred and special embodiment thereof of the third aspect in, the part that is positioned is a lens holder.At this moment, the structure of respective optical means can be simplified greatly.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of optical instrument is provided, it comprises by each described locating device in the aforesaid right requirement.This optical instrument can be a surveying instrument especially, for example level meter, transit or preferably stadia.

At this moment, optical instrument preferably includes the lens that at least one is connected in locating device.This can make lens the location very accurately and/or low noise and/or do not have play and/or do not have the gap.

Preferably, this optical instrument can comprise object lens and condenser lens, for forming the optical system that a pair of object carries out imaging, this optical system is connected in locating device to this condenser lens, thereby can the object by this optical system imaging be focused on respect to objective lens arrangement.Therefore, corresponding optical instrument can use motor, particularly electro-motor to focus on.In addition, if use suitable automatic focus sensor and electron device, then carry out automatic focus easily.

This optical instrument can be telescope, particularly is used in telescope in the surveying instrument.

Alternatively, this optical instrument can be camera, particularly is used in camera in surveying instrument such as the image stadia.

This optical instrument especially also can comprise the sight alidade that can rotate around a vertical axis, be installed on this sight alidade and can around one with this vertical axis telescope or camera of tilting of the tilt axis of quadrature basically.This optical instrument can be surveying instrument especially, as level meter, transit or stadia.

Description of drawings

Describe the present invention in detail by exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 be stadia schematically, the front elevation of partly cut-away;

Fig. 2 is the schematic side pseudosection of telescope unit of the stadia of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the simplified block diagram of the stadia of Fig. 1;

The synoptic diagram of the partly cut-away of the locating device that Fig. 4 positions for the condenser lens to the stadia of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the stereographic map of lens holder of the locating device of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of threaded line pipe of the locating device of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is the simplified block diagram according to the stadia of the preferred embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 8 for according to exemplary preferred embodiment of the present invention, be used for the stereographic map of locating device of condenser lens of the stadia of mobile Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is the stereographic map of the partly cut-away of threaded mandrel second end in Fig. 8 device, and described second end is supported in the framework;

Figure 10 is the elastic coupling that is used for threaded mandrel first end of device shown in Figure 8 and the exploded perspective view of motor;

Figure 11 is the motor of elastic coupling that Figure 10 is housed on it and the stereographic map of threaded mandrel first end;

Figure 12 is motor that shaft coupling is housed on it and the threaded mandrel sectional view in working order;

Figure 13 is driven by threaded mandrel in the locating device of Fig. 8 and by the body of first guiding piece guiding and the enlarged side view of Flexible Connector;

Figure 14 is body that is guided by first guiding piece in the assembly shown in Figure 13 and the stereographic map that is contained in the Flexible Connector on the body;

Figure 15 is the amplification profile of the layout of Figure 13, the relative position of the tooth side of the internal thread of two bodies that amplify screw thread that thin portion illustrates threaded mandrel and driven by described axle;

Figure 16 is the stereographic map of body with screw shell of shortening;

Figure 17 is the stereographic map of body and Flexible Connector, and this body comprises the screw shell with two isolated threaded sections;

Figure 18 is the stereographic map with body of integrally formed Flexible Connector;

Figure 19 is the stereographic map of body with screw shell of integrally formed Flexible Connector and shortening;

Figure 20 for according to another embodiment, have the front elevation of the body of integrally formed Flexible Connector;

Figure 21 is first and second guiding pieces of Fig. 8 device and the partial view of lens holder, and described lens holder is by these two guiding piece guiding;

Figure 22 is for according to threaded mandrel in the locating device of another preferred embodiment of the present invention with flexibly support the schematic cross sectional view of the bearing assembly of this threaded mandrel;

The synoptic diagram of the motor that Figure 23 flexibly supports for the quilt according to the locating device of another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 24 is the schematic perspective view of the partly cut-away of threaded mandrel and the body that driven by axle, and this body has the pin as the complimentary engagement structure, and this axle and body are the parts according to the locating device of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 25 is the schematic side elevation of the partly cut-away that arranges among Figure 24;

Figure 26 is the schematic perspective view of the partly cut-away of threaded mandrel and the body that driven by axle, and this body has the pin as the complimentary engagement structure, and this axle and body are the parts according to the locating device of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 27 is the schematic side elevation of the partly cut-away that arranges among Figure 26;

Figure 28 is the schematic perspective view with partly cut-away of two bodies that drive as the axle of the pin of connected structure with by axle, this body has the internal thread as the complimentary engagement structure, and this axle and body are the parts according to the locating device of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; And

Figure 29 is the schematic side elevation of the partly cut-away that arranges among Figure 28.

Embodiment

Stadia shown in Fig. 1-3---is also referred to as total powerstation---can make the usefulness of measurement in geodesy.In this measuring operation, determine target in surface level and vertical plane the position, angle and the distance between described target and the stadia, determine the position data or the coordinate of target then with this position, angle and distance.Can be used as target to the section of object in the visual field or object in principle, but also use man-made target in many cases, for example the surveyor is at the catoptron to be measured of precalculated position placement.Can use described man-made target to indicate ground predetermined point such as boundary stone, and determine their position by stadia.But, position that not only can measurement target, but also can in the visual field, find out and indicate then the point of coordinate or location aware.,, can be placed on target on the position that provides by coordinate for this reason, install fixing sign then by using stadia.

The position, angle of definite target and target are from the distance of stadia and in order to detect target apace for convenience, and stadia comprises six optical devices in this example.They are: one is used for the telescope of object observing; Two angle-measuring equipments that are used to determine utilize the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the viewed target of telescope; One is used to determine to utilize the distance measuring equipment of the distance between viewed target of telescope and the stadia; One is used for for example by a people intended target being followed the tracks of the tracking means of this target in measurement when a position moves to another position---be also referred to as tracker; An and alignment servicing unit of being convenient to make man-made target that the surveyor is provided with and stadia accurately to align---be also referred to as " tracking lamp ".(also having) two other device: one is used for determining the tilt sensor or the tiltmeter of stadia gradient with respect to the horizontal plane, and an optics plummet, and this optics plummet is used for respect to ground or ground set point stadia being carried out orientation and/or location.

Fig. 1-3 usefulness schematically illustrates the structure of stadia with the diagram of simplifying.

One sight alidade 3 is arranged on the tripod 1 by the supporting of not shown pedestal.When stadia correctly assembled, sight alidade 3 can rotate around a vertical axle or a vertical axis 2 perpendicular to the ground.Sight alidade 3 carries one and comprises a housing 6 and a permanent built-in telescopical telescope unit 5, and described telescope unit 5 can be rotated with the tilt axis 4 of vertical axis 2 quadratures around one.Sight alidade 3 and telescope unit 5 can be respectively rotated the angle of any hope around vertical axis or axle 2 and tilt axis 4, promptly even above 360 °.Can be by being arranged on the handle 7 carrying stadias on the sight alidade 3.

Except when telescope focuses on, the actuating of any action of the parts of stadia, the detection of measured value and some aforementioned optical devices such as alignment servicing unit is all carried out with electronic method.Fig. 3 illustrates a block scheme, and wherein each function square frame of schematically illustrated stadia comprises interconnecting between square frame.Dotted line represents that parts and device are arranged in physical location wherein.

The center part of control module is a device controlling computer 8 that is arranged in the sight alidade 3 and is connected with device with each parts.

One is arranged in the sight alidade 3 and is used for via this power supply unit 10 to stadia, particularly install controlling computer 8 power supplies to the battery 9 of power supply unit 10 power supplies.Power supply unit 10 in sight alidade 3 and telescope unit 5 all parts and device and be attached thereto the operational blocks which partition system that connects required operating voltage be provided.For simplicity's sake, not shown line.As shown in the sight alidade 3, each parts can be connected to device controlling computer 8 and power supply unit 10 by independent line.But, also can be as telescope unit 5 each parts be connected to a central bus 11 that comprises all data lines and supply line.

Tilt axis 4 is provided with the slip ring 12 that is connected with central bus 11, via this slip ring, electric component in the telescope unit 5 or electronic unit can be powered and can with the parts swap data in the sight alidade 3.

Slip ring 12 ' on the vertical axis 2 make can via a unshowned plug use external power supply and with the external device (ED) swap data.

In order to control or handle stadia, stadia is provided with the executive component 14 and 15 of a dismountable control panel 13 and angular encoder form, and its operating knob is arranged on the sight alidade 3.

Control panel 13 is used for communicating by letter between operator and the stadia, and its display 17 that is provided with a keyboard that is used to import 16, an output data for example LCD and is connected in the computer 18 of display 17 and keyboard 16.Control panel 13 is connected with power supply unit 10 with device controlling computer 8 via a releasable coupling arrangement 19.Because control panel 13 is dismountable, but so it self have battery, computer 18 works on when guaranteeing to remove control panel 13.Computer 18 is connected with device controlling computer 8 via coupling arrangement 19, and can utilize its program and the many known geodetic applications programs of data-carrier store operation own.

Executive component 14 is connected with device controlling computer 8 via an interface 20 with 15.This interface 20 is used to import respectively the turned position corresponding parameter value with executive component 14 and 15.

One is connected with device controlling computer 8 and radio module 21 with an antenna 22 is used for and remote-control device such as remote control swap data.For example, stadia can be positioned at the remote control of impact point of measurement or the remote control of remote-controlled station, but not shown this remote control or remote-controlled station in the accompanying drawing.

Each parts of stadia and device all are arranged in sight alidade 3 and the telescope unit 5 except some exceptions hereinafter described.

Outside the removal apparatus controlling computer 8, all parts that are connected with device controlling computer 8 also all are arranged on sight alidade 3 or the sight alidade.These parts comprise tilt sensor or tiltmeter 23, optics plummet 24, the radio module 21 of band antenna 22 and the executive component that is used for level and vertical adjusting 14 and 15 that comprises interface.

The device that is arranged in telescope unit 5 has distance measuring equipment 25, tracking means 26 and alignment servicing unit 27.Control that needs alternatively or apparatus for evaluating provide by the device controlling computer 8 that is arranged in the sight alidade 3.For this reason, described device is connected with device controlling computer 8 with slip ring 12 via bus 11.Described device can be opened separately, and can carry out the poll or the inspection of survey measurements by device controlling computer 8 when needed.The parts that are used for this purpose are not shown specifically, because its operation is known for those skilled in the art.

Be respectively applied for around vertical axis 2 by the drive units 28 and 29 of control circuit 30 in the sight alidade 3 and 31 controls rotates the sight alidade 3 that comprises telescope unit 5 and rotates telescope unit 5 around tilt axis 4.The angle that available angle-measuring equipment records is come accessory drive 28 and 29.

In order to measure corner or horizontal angle around vertical axis 2, use one to be contained in sensing head 33 on the sight alidade 3, thereby can detect the angle position of sight alidade 3 telescope unit 5 with respect to horizontal angle index dial 32 by this sensing head with the concentric horizontal angle index dial 32 and of vertical axis 2.

In order to measure around the corner of tilt axis 4 is vertical angle, and a vertical angle index dial 34 correspondingly is contained on the tilt axis coaxially with tilt axis 4, is contained in the position, angle that vertical angle sensing head 35 on the sight alidade 3 detects described vertical angle index dial 34 by one.

Drive unit 28 and 29 is that horizontal angle index dial 32 and sensing head 33 or vertical angle index dial 34 and sensing head 35 cooperate with angle-measuring equipment respectively in known manner, make sight alidade 3 can rotate around vertical axis 2 in measurable mode with telescope unit 5, telescope unit 5 can be rotated around tilt axis 4 in measurable mode, thereby turns to the level and the vertical angle position of hope.It is special that the device controlling computer receives the signal from sensing head 33 and 35 by device controlling computer 8 these purposes of realization, and according to the control circuit 30 of described signal level control drive unit 29 and the control circuit 31 of vertical drive 28.Available three kinds of modes provide sight alidade 3 will center on the angle that tilt axis 4 rotates around angle and the telescope unit 5 that vertical axis 2 rotates.The first, sight alidade is provided with the executive component 14 and 15 that rotates at surface level and vertical plane of being used for respectively of angular encoder form, and they are connected with device controlling computer 8 via interface 20, corresponding angle input media controlling computer 8.Alternatively, the definite angle that will set of data that device controlling computer 8 obtains according to other parts from stadia, thus control described control circuit 30 and 31 respectively.The third may mode be the angle that transmits by radio module 21 usefulness radio by control panel 13 input angles or use remote-controlled station.

Describe each device mentioned above below in detail.

The optics plummet 24 that is arranged in the sight alidade 3 is used for the stadia of some top on the ground is carried out centering or location.It comprises the opera glass of directed downwards vertically.The optical axis of opera glass is coaxial with vertical axis 2 basically.Therefore, for example can using on 24 pairs of ground of optics plummet a bit, the stadia of boundary stone top carries out centering or location.Scheme also can be used the optics plummet that vertically sends a light beam downwards as an alternative, and described light beam is coaxial basically with vertical axis 2.

Be arranged on tilt sensor in the sight alidade 3 equally or thereby tiltmeter 23 is measured the gradient of sight alidade 3 stadias on the direction of two mutually orthogonals, thereby can check with respect to ground vertical axis 2 whether level of whether vertical and tilt axis 4.

Other device is arranged in the telescope unit 5, and this is shown in the side cutaway view of the front elevation of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

At first, the housing 6 of telescope unit 5 holds a telescope that is used for object observing.This telescope comprises: object lens 36; Be arranged at a focus lens system 37 of object lens 36 back on the light path, this focus lens system only is called condenser lens hereinafter, but can comprise more than lens; One inversion prism 38; And a cross-hair 39, object lens 36, condenser lens 37 and inversion prism 38 form an image on cross-hair, can see this image from eyepiece 40.Can be on cross-hair 39 along optical axis mobile focusing lens 37 (shown in double-head arrow among Fig. 2) image focusing.The light shaft coaxle ground of telescopical optical axis and object lens 36 extends.

Also be provided with the Amici prism 43 that a prism 41, a dichronic mirror 42 and comprise a beam splitter layer 44 on telescopical light path, they are transparent to visible light, and therefore not influencing telescopical function is imaging.

Distance measuring equipment 25 comes distance between measurement target and the stadia by chopped radiation being transmitted into target and receiving the radiation of being returned by target reflection.Distance measuring equipment 25 is determined the phase differential between modulated optical radiation launched and the optical radiation that receives then, and the speed of using this radiation draws distance between stadia and the target from this phase differential.In another embodiment of distance measuring equipment, the optical radiation of transponder pulse formula determines that a pulse returns flight time of distance measuring equipment from the distance measuring equipment to the target and from target, and uses radiation velocity to draw distance according to the described flight time.Can be in the corresponding evaluation electronics of distance measuring equipment 25 or operative installations controlling computer 8 draw this distance from this phase differential or flight time.

In this example, distance measuring equipment 25 is made of telescopical parts and other parts.An infrared light light source that does not clearly illustrate among Fig. 2 is as the pulsed infrared radiation in the laser diode emission predetermined wavelength range.The surface of the infrared radiation of being launched directive prism 41 after emission/receiving optics 45 focuses on, this prism can reflect the light by the infrared light light emitted, this light is from this prismatic reflection to dichronic mirror 42, this dichronic mirror can reflect the infrared light that sends from the infrared light light source of distance measuring equipment 25, thereby infrared light is redirect on the object lens 36.Infrared light light source and emission/receiving optics 45 are arranged and are formed, make light beam that the infrared light light source sends focus on from the distance for the focusing width of object lens 36 (focal width) of object lens 36 last along the light path of distance measuring equipment 25, thereby object lens 36 send an approximately parallel light beam, described light beam shine then that a target such as catoptron (for example triple mirror) are gone up or the wall of a natural target as a house on.Folded light beam turns back to emission/receiving optics 45 along same path from target via object lens 36, dichronic mirror 42 and prism 41, and this emission/receiving optics focuses on one of distance measuring equipment 25 to this light beam and detects on the receiving element (not shown among Fig. 2) of this radiation.Draw range-to-go from the flight time of a pulse between transmitting and receiving then, this flight time utilizes corresponding electronic circuit to draw.Because light beam along the optical axis emission of object lens 36, therefore is determined to the distance of the target of observing by telescope on this optical axis.

Another device in the telescope unit 5 is tracking means or tracker 26, and this tracker 26 is used for the catoptron that automatic aiming is positioned at impact point, and follows the tracks of this catoptron when this catoptron is moved to another from a bit.Tracker 26 comprises the transmitter of an emission arrow beam of light; Object lens 36, light beam passes this object lens at transmit direction and behind target reflection at receive direction; Receiving optics; One receiver 46, this receiver detect from target reflection to return and focused on the position of light beam thereon by receiving optics; And guiding telescope unit 5 and a sight alidade 3, make the closed circuit control device that the position of the light beam of returning from target reflection remains unchanged at receiver.

Or rather, the transmitter of tracker 26 comprises that one is used to the radiation source 47 launching optical radiation, be preferably infrared radiation as laser diode and the transmitter optical device that comprises first collimation optics 48 and prism 41, from the optical axis direction reflection at the upper edge, inclined-plane of prism 41 object lens 36 of radiation source 47 and the light beam by first collimation optics, 48 collimations.Receiving optics is made of the Amici prism 43 and second collimation optics 49.At last, receiver 46 comprises a plurality of radiosensitive detecting elements that transmitter is sent.Receiver 46 for example can use quadrant diode or camera circuit.

The transmitter of tracker 26 is being sent by radiation source 47, being transmitted into target by first collimation optics, 48 collimations and the light beam that redirect to by prism 41 on the optical axis of object lens 36 from the central authorities of object lens 36.

Light beam returns stadia by target, for example triple mirror or mirror reflects, injects telescope unit 5 from object lens 36 again then.Its reach target and the path returned on, at first narrow light beam becomes so wide in distance target distance enough far away, make the light beam return be full of the whole diameter of object lens 36, thereby do not incide in the light beam in the prism 41 but shine on the dichronic mirror 42 from prism 41 those parts to 48 reflections of first collimation optics.Wavelength and dichronic mirror 42 by the transmitter emitted light beams are chosen to make that light beam passes dichronic mirror 42 under the situation that does not have a large amount of reflections, thereby described dichronic mirror is in fact to the not influence of described light beam.Pass the light beam of dichronic mirror 42 and inject receiving optics then.This light beam is at first injected Amici prism 43.Its beam splitter layer 44 optionally reflects the wavelength by the transmitter radiation emitted, makes its beam deflection of injecting Amici prism 43 on the direction of second collimation optics 49, but allows that visible light passes through.Second collimation optics 49 is focusing on the receiver 46 of tracker 26 from transmitter, the described light beam of having returned from target reflection.If the picture position of target on receiver 46 be center for example out of position, then the tracker handle signal relevant with direction with this quantity that departs from offers device controlling computer 8 (not shown in figure 1)s, this device controlling computer accessory drive 28 and 29, thereby rotate telescope unit 5---when needed with sight alidade 3, make the image on the receiver 46 be positioned at again on the precalculated position, this precalculated position is the center in this example.

Another device in the telescope unit 5 is alignment servicing unit 27.But alignment servicing unit 27 is used in particular for making the optical axis alignment of the moving-target and the object lens 36 of catoptron form.Alignment servicing unit 27 comprises two light emitting diodes 50, a minute surface edge 51 and object lens 49 '.51 place's recombination are together at the minute surface edge for the light that---their are arranged side by side before and after in Fig. 2, and therefore another red-emitting can not be shown respectively, and one of them light emitting diode transmitting green light---sends by these two light emitting diodes 50.Like this, object lens 49 ' an irradiate light to the impact point of stadia.One side green light of light, opposite side glows.If people is in the position of impact point and observes to the direction of stadia, thereby this people can determine that by means of become another kind of color relation suddenly from a kind of color he is on the object lens 36 telescopical optical axises.Use this device, also can be to the preferred light beam of in infra-red range, working that sends from one of light emitting diode 50 data-modulated, and described data are sent to impact point.

Important optical system is that telescope, distance measuring equipment 25 and tracker 26 are all worked on same optical axis, because they all use object lens 36.

Thereby utilizing the take accurate aim optical axis alignment of target and object lens 36 of telescope is condition precedents that correct work of distance measuring equipment or tracker are started working.But, take accurate aim when having only target in telescope, to show as distinct image that it is possible to be only, therefore focus on the particular importance that seems.

For this reason, according to the prior art shown in Fig. 4-6, the position of focus lens system or condenser lens 37 is along the optical axis scalable of its optical axis and object lens 36.Fig. 4 illustrates the condenser lens 37 in the telescope unit 5 and the actuating of locating device thereof with the broken section according to Fig. 2, and it is corresponding to prior art.Drive unit comprises: have a band groove pipe 52 of internal helicoid connected in star 53, described band groove pipe is arranged in the housing 6 of telescope unit 5 and can be rotated around optical axis; And a lens holder 54, but this lens holder guided and moving linearly, and comprise a fitting piece 55 that in the groove 53 of band groove pipe 52, is guided.A band groove pipe 52 and a focusing knob 56 are rigidly connected, and can make band groove pipe 52 axis around himself rotate by this focusing knob.Thereby it is coaxial basically with the optical axis of object lens 36 with the pivot center of band groove pipe 52 to be assembled into its optical axis among condenser lens 37 in lens holder 54.Be parallel to telescopical optical axis on two guide surfaces 57 of lens holder 54 in the housing 6 that is fixedly installed on telescope unit 5 and guided, in the cut-open view of Fig. 4, can only see back guide surface wherein.

Fig. 5 illustrates complete lens holder 54.On the columnar portion of holding condenser lens 37, lens holder 54 comprises the web member 55 that is formed on the first arm and the guiding piece 58 and 58 ' on level second arm, the parallel axes of second arm and columnar portion, and on described columnar portion, guiding piece 58 and 58 ' contact guidance face 57.Can know from Fig. 4 and to see that web member 55 is motion in the groove 53 of pipe 52.Fig. 6 illustrates complete band groove pipe, it comprise dot around optical axis twist, the groove 53 that extends abreast with guide surface 57.

Focus on following carrying out: when the operator rotates the focusing knob 56 of telescope unit 5 rear end, band groove pipe 52 also rotates, thereby thereby the web member 55 of motion makes lens holder 54 condenser lenses 37 move along telescopical optical axis in groove 53, rotates because guide surface 57 prevents lens holder 54.

This targeting scheme of condenser lens 37 takies very large space in telescope, and is difficult to modularization.Because accommodation zone groove pipe 52 needs big torque, so this scheme is suitable for motor driven hardly.

For improving operating rate, the motion of special requirement condenser lens 37 does not have play.

The difference of stadia is the location of condenser lens or focus lens system shown in stadia according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and Fig. 1-3.Described adjusting is by motor driven and in fact do not have a play.For this reason, the locating device of condenser lens replaces with a locating device of preferred exemplary embodiment according to the present invention that is also referred to as the servo-focus device.As before, use term " condenser lens " single lens of expression or a lens combination hereinafter.

The stadia according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and the difference of above-mentioned stadia at first are the retainer and the drive unit of condenser lens 37, and next is an improved device controlling computer 8 '.In addition, use via interface 20 ' and control focusing (referring to Fig. 7) with the executive component 59 that is connected of device controlling computer 8 '.The difference of this interface 20 ' and interface 20 only is the position that it can also detecting operation element 59 and this position is outputed to device controlling computer 8 '.Other parts of all of this stadia are compared with above-mentioned stadia and are not changed, so the identical label of they uses, and also are applicable to this about the explanation of described parts.

Fig. 8 illustrates the stereographic map of locating device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and this locating device is used for along the position of the optical axis mobile focusing lens 37 of the optical axis of the condenser lens shown in the dotted line 37 or object lens 36 or adjusting condenser lens 37.This locating device can be used as a modular unit and is contained in the housing 6 of telescope unit 5, perhaps---can be formed directly in housing 6 in another embodiment---.

This locating device comprises that the drive division, of motor is transformed into the part and a guide portion of translation with rotation, and all these parts all have common means.These parts itself are represented the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

This locating device has a framework 60, and this frame fixation is connected on the housing 6 of telescope unit 5, and the fixed part of locating device is fixed thereon or is provided with thereon.In fact simple, this locating device comprises a motor 61, an electro-motor exactly, the threaded mandrel 63 that this motor rotates as one via a shaft coupling 62, the rotation of described threaded mandrel 63 is transformed into rectilinear motion by a body 64, threaded mandrel 63 extends through body 64, and this body 64 can not rotate around the longitudinal axis of threaded mandrel 63, and described body 64 comprises an internal thread 89 that engages with the screw thread 70 of threaded mandrel 63.The screw thread 70 on the axle 63 and the internal thread 89 of body are represented the connected structure and the complimentary engagement structure of axle 63 and body 64 respectively, and they engage the rectilinear motion that is transformed into the body 64 that can not rotate with the rotation with axle.This rectilinear motion is contained in the parts to be positioned that Flexible Connector 65 on the body 64 passes to lens holder 66 forms via one, is fixed with condenser lens 37 on the lens holder 66.By special guiding to lens holder 66, only regulate the position of condenser lens 37 along its optical axis, wherein, guide lens holder 66 with first guiding piece 67 with second guiding piece 68 on the direction parallel with optical axis, the longitudinal axis of threaded mandrel 63 is also parallel with optical axis.

Drive division comprises: the motor 61 that comprises a driving shaft 69; Axle 63 with connected structure of the constant external thread of pitch 70 forms; Shaft coupling 62, this shaft coupling flexibly first end 71 of connecting thread axle 63 with motor 61 or its driving shaft 69, the two can't be relatively rotated; And one with the bearing assembly of axle elastic bearing on framework 60.This bearing assembly comprises a bearing 72 and two flexible members.The flexible member of bearing 72 by two elastic O- ring 74 and 75 forms remains on the bearing seat 73 in the framework 60, and admits second end 76 of threaded mandrel 63.

First end 71 of threaded mandrel 63 via shaft coupling 62 elastic bearings on the driving shaft 69 of motor 61, its second end, 76 usefulness bearings 72 and flexible member or O shape circle 74 and 75 elastic bearings, make between motor 61 and the threaded mandrel 63 or can restricted ground transmitter shaft between threaded mandrel 63 and the framework 60 to and/or radial vibration.

Be shown specifically as Fig. 9, bearing 72 is for having traditional rolling bearing of cylinder blanket, and described Bearing Installation is on second end 76 of threaded mandrel 63.

The xsect of bearing seat 73 is rounded, and it comprises a surface of contact 77 and a circumferential shoulder 78 transverse to the axle orientation of its axis of threaded mandrel 63, has than first columnar portion 79 of minor diameter and has larger-diameter second columnar portion 80 thereby form.The diameter of first columnar portion 79 is chosen to be a bit larger tham the external diameter of bearing 72, thus bearing 72 can be in first columnar portion radially and move axially.Elastic O-ring 74 is clamped between the front and surface of contact 77 of bearing 72, makes it towards motor 61 bias voltage threaded mandrels 63.Thereby O shape circle 74 axle 73 axially on restriction bearing 72 be bearing in axle 63 on the bearing with respect to the vibration of bearing seat 73, preferably make this vibration damping.O shape circle 74 can use for example C.Otto Gehrckens GmbH ﹠amp; Co.KG Dichtungstechnik, D-25421 Pinneberg, the Xiao A hardness that Germany sells are 70 silicone raw rubber (VMQ) O shape circle.

The 2nd O shape circle 75 that is clamped between the peripheral surface of the inwall of second columnar portion 80 in the bearing seat 73 and bearing 72 is used for diametrically flexibly support thread axle 63.Be chosen to the diameter that the internal diameter of second columnar portion 79 and O shape are enclosed 75 xsects make bearing 72 to compress O shape circle 75 a little according to the external diameter of bearing 72.O shape circle 75 can use for example C.Otto Gehrckens GmbH ﹠amp; Co.KG Dichtungstechnik, D-25421 Pinneberg, the Xiao A hardness that Germany sells are 50 silicone raw rubber (VMQ) O shape circle.

The material of O shape circle 74 and 75 is chosen to: on the one hand, threaded mandrel axially on the play of lens holder 66 along the accurate adjusting of the longitudinal axis direction of threaded mandrel 63 do not appear preventing; On the other hand, during the motor operation, particularly during the short-run, between framework 60 and threaded mandrel 63, can unrestrictedly not transmit the vibration in the audio range particularly.

In another embodiment, the piece spare that also available resilient material is made replaces O shape circle, at this moment, advantageously the piece spare that constitutes the flexible member on the meaning of the present invention radially is arranged on the circumference and front of rolling bearing rings symmetrically.

Figure 10 is the driving side part of shaft coupling 62 and the exploded perspective view of motor 61.But be arranged on the driving shaft 69 of motor 61 and this shaft coupling damped vibration between the threaded mandrel 63, no play and between motor 61 and threaded mandrel 63, transmit rotation non-skidly.

First connecting portion 81 has an opening of end that is used to admit the driving shaft 69 of motor 61 in its bottom, this opening is flattened preventing and skids.Described bottom is provided with basically and this bottom vertical or parallel with driving shaft 69 and form four resilient tab 82 of a square plug receptacle.Described first connecting portion 81 for example can be made of plastic.First connecting portion, 81 usefulness fiberglass-reinforced plastic injection mouldings form, in this example, by Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany provide is called the glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate that comprises 20% glass fibre by weight of Makrolon PC-GF 25 to these plastics for for example.

By a pin 84 be contained in two elastic O-ring on the opposite end of this pin or second connecting portion 83 that resilient disc 85 constitutes inserts in the described square plug receptacle.O shape circle 85 is as elastic transmission spare.The diameter of O shape circle 85 is chosen to: under confined state, be engaged in the square plug receptacle of first connecting portion 81 sealed the and no play of second connecting portion, 83 shapes, make driving shaft 69 and axle 63 with respect to rotational stiffness link together, and the rotation of driving shaft 69 does not pass to threaded mandrel 63 with can having play.Although sell 84 in this example for metallic pin, it is 85 made of plastic that O shape is enclosed, and also available in another embodiment suitable plastic creates a member to second connecting portion.O shape circle 85 can use for example C.Otto Gehrckens GmbH ﹠amp; Co.KG Dichtungstechnik, D-25421Pinneberg, the Xiao A hardness that Germany sells are 70 acrylonitrile butadiene raw rubber (NBR) O shape circle.

Shown in Figure 11 and 12, threaded mandrel 63 in its driving side end or first end, 71 places have a groove 86 that is used for being connected, having outside open sidewall with second connecting portion 83---be a v-depression in this example, described groove 86 cuts and laterally extends across the xsect of threaded mandrel 63 vertically.Figure 12 is the sectional view of first end 71 of a part, shaft coupling 62 and the threaded mandrel 63 of motor 61.First connecting portion 81 is contained on the end of flattening of driving shaft 69 of motor 61.Second connecting portion, 83 no play and shape are engaged in the square plug receptacle of first connecting portion 81 sealedly, wherein the pin 84 of second connecting portion 83 engages with the v-depression 86 of threaded mandrel 63, thereby the rotation on two rotation directions of motor 61 is not delivered on the threaded mandrel 63 with all can having play.Because the v-depression 86 on first end 71 of second connecting portion 83 and threaded mandrel 63 combine and can compensate the inclination of driving shaft 69 with respect to threaded mandrel 63, so be delivered on the threaded mandrel 63 or only have the radial vibration of serious decay to be delivered on the threaded mandrel 63 less than radial vibration from motor 61 or motor drive shaft 69.

Can low noise and do not have play ground driving threaded mandrel 63 thereby the interaction of bearing 72 threaded mandrels 63 between the elastic bearing at its second end, 76 places and the expansion bearing at first end, 71 places of driving side makes in rotation direction.Preferably material is chosen to, making pulsed rotate is that the rotation that the duration is very short or rotational angle is little can not cause excessive noise.

It may be because at least one in the following influence that noise descends, but these influences usually take place together.On the one hand, use the visibly different flexible member of elastic constant of elastic constant and driving shaft 69 and threaded mandrel 63 to cause the axial and/or radial vibration decoupling to a certain extent at place, threaded mandrel 63 two ends, this decoupling meeting hinders the propagation of vibration or the generation of sharp resonance.On the other hand, flexible member is the vibration damping effect that O shape circle 74,75 and O shape circle 85 respectively have himself.This not only hinders the propagation of vibration, but also makes described vibration damping.

For operated motor 61 (referring to Fig. 7), be provided with the executive component 59 and a control module 87 that is used for focus driver of the angular encoder form that is connected with device controlling computer 8 ' via interface 20 ', this control module can be by the 8 ' control of device controlling computer, and this control module is arranged in the telescope unit 5 and is used to control motor 61.Motor 61 is preferably step motor.In order to focus, the operator handles the executive component 59 of servo-focus device or locating device, and the position of this executive component is via interface 20 ' input media controlling computer 8 '.Then, device controlling computer 8 ' is passed to control module 87 to command adapted thereto via bus 11, and control module 87 is determined the position of motor 61 then according to the setting on the executive component 59.At this moment, the number of steps of motor 61 can be stored in control module 87 or the device controlling computer 8 '.Thereby the unshowned sensor of also available this paper is determined the initial and/or final position of condenser lens 37 and is determined the initial sum final position of motor 61.This sensor is known, therefore omits in the accompanying drawings.These sensors for example can be the light barrier that detects lens holder 66 or be connected in the position component on the lens holder in described position.In another embodiment, available rotation pot replaces angular encoder.

A part that the rotation of axle is transformed into the straight-line locating device of body partly is shown in Figure 13 and 14.This locating device comprises: threaded mandrel 63; The external thread 70 of the threaded mandrel 63 that extends through hole 88---in this example for---engages to have a hole 88 and a body 64 as the internal thread 89 of complimentary engagement structure, this internal thread 89 and connected structure; Be contained in the Flexible Connector 65 on the body 64; Lens holder 66 as parts to be positioned; And with respect to the framework 60 fixing first straight line guiding pieces 67 that also guide lens holder 66 thereon.In this example, first guiding piece 67 is the cylindrical guide rod parallel with threaded mandrel 63, and vertical axis of symmetry of this guide rod is the first guiding axis.

Lens holder 66 shown in Fig. 8 and 20 is elongated shape,---be the top in the figure---in its first section or end 90 and locate to comprise a columnar portion, described columnar portion has one transverse to the longitudinal extension of lens holder 66 and be used to admit the bullport 91 of guide rod 67, thereby thereby the axis moving linearly that lens holder 66 can be along the direction of guide rod 67 along threaded mandrel 63, and when only considering first guiding piece 67, lens holder 66 also can pivot around this guide rod.Therefore, the peripheral surface of guide rod 67 forms the guide surface 92 of first guiding piece 67.

Lens holder 66 also has a seat 93 that is used to admit condenser lens 37, and this longitudinal axis that is arranged to bullport 91 with respect to bullport 91 is parallel with the optical axis of condenser lens 37 in being contained in lens holder 66.

Be that its of lens holder 66 is provided with second section or end 94 (referring to Figure 21) of rolling bearing 95 then.

In the columnar portion at the first end place of lens holder 66, be formed with the outside open groove 96 of a sidewall in the face of a side of threaded mandrel 63---be a v-depression in this example, thereby described groove extend transverse to the longitudinal axis of bullport 91 channeling direction transverse to first guiding piece 67.

Body 64 passes to lens holder 66 with the rotation that the Flexible Connector 65 1 that is mounted thereon is used from threaded mandrel 63.

Body 64 comprises that in a part 97 one is projected into described screw shell 98 outside the part, and it is the complimentary engagement structure that the external thread of threaded mandrel 63 engages that its internal thread 89 forms with the connected structure of axle 63.Piece spare 97 can be made as the polycarbonate of strengthening with short glass fiber with suitable plastic.For this reason, can use Makrolon PC-GF 30 especially---a kind of by Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany provide comprises the polycarbonate of 30% glass fibre by weight.But also can use other preferably very hard plastics.Therefore, can use industrial plastic such as polyamide, polyethers ketenes, polyetheretherketone, polyoxyethylene or liquid crystal polymer especially.

Screw shell 98 slips into after making in the piece spare 97, perhaps preferably when forming body by injection moulding it is molded in this piece spare.It is the consistent circular arc dimple 99 of shape of guide rod with first guiding piece 67 that the downside of body 64 in its figure also has a shape.This dimple 99 forms guiding body 64 on first guiding piece 67, makes described guiding have the twist-lock effect, thereby prevent that body 64 from rotating together when rotating threaded mandrel 63.

Be provided with the groove 100 that is used to admit Flexible Connector 65 in the both sides of body 64, described groove is arranged to install the plane parallel of Shi Yuyi by threaded mandrel 63 and guide rod 67 at body 64 with respect to dimple 99.

Flexible Connector 65 has a U-shaped portion 101, utilizes it with this Flexible Connector buckle or be coupled on the body 64, and two arms of described U-shaped portion extend in the groove 100 of body 64.One L shaped arm 102 is with about 80 ° to 90 ° angle and described U-shaped portion adjacency, the supporting leg that is connected with U-shaped portion 101 of this arm extends along the direction of first guiding piece 67 or threaded mandrel 63 basically, and free-ended second arm of the formation of this arm extends transverse to first guiding piece 67 or the v-depression 96 that is basically parallel in the lens holder 66.Being dimensioned to of the Flexible Connector made from spring steel 65, under the embedding state, L shaped elastic arm 102 is pressed in the v-depression 96 of lens holder 66 at free-ended supporting leg by it.Like this, elastic arm 102 is not out of shape in the plane of the axis of the internal thread 89 by body 64 one especially.

This design of body 64 has some effects.On the one hand, thereby a torque is applied on body 64 screw shells 98 or the internal thread wherein 89, and this torque makes body with respect to threaded mandrel 63 inclinations one low-angle.The internal thread 89 of screw shell 98 was with respect to the position of the external thread 70 of threaded mandrel 63 when Figure 15 illustrated screw shell 98 and threaded mandrel 63 and tilts a low-angle mutually to simplify sectional view.For the sake of clarity, exaggerated this low-angle size in the figure.Thereby the play of screw thread has been eliminated in the described inclination of screw shell 98 bodies 64 on threaded mandrel 63, because the external thread tooth side of the external thread 70 of threaded mandrel 63 contacts the ridge side of the internal thread 89 of screw shell 98 in no play mode.Consequently, no matter the sense of displacement of the rotation direction of threaded mandrel 63 or body 64 how, the external thread of threaded mandrel 63 always contacts with each other with the identical tooth side of the internal thread of body 64, thereby realizes along the no gap and the driving of no play of the optical axis of condenser lens 37.

In addition, the motion to brigadier's body 64 of the supporting leg that is connected of L shaped the arm 102 and U-shaped portion 101 web member 65 by Flexible Connector 65 passes to lens holder 66.This drives also very close to each other and the play of combining sealed owing to shape and force closure.In addition, lens holder 66 is pushed against on first guiding piece 67, thereby also prevents the appearance of play.Particularly, material, size and threaded mandrel 63 by correspondingly selecting Flexible Connector 65 is with respect to the layout of first guiding piece 67, the elastic force that the free end of web member 65 can be acted on the v-depression 96 is chosen to: even there is not the play that can damage the twist-lock effect of first guiding piece 67 in the rotation direction reversed of threaded mandrel 63 between body 64 and first guiding piece 67 of prevention body 64 with axle 63 rotations yet.

Because Flexible Connector 65 is not symmetrically but engages v-depression 96 one in respect to the plane of axle axis lateral excursion, therefore also have a torque to make it center on axis basic and axle 63 quadratures on lens holder 66 and rotate, described torque makes lens holder 66 pivot towards second guiding piece 68.

Figure 16 illustrates wherein another embodiment of the body 64 of screw shell 103 shortenings.This causes the friction between the external thread of the internal thread of screw shell 103 and threaded mandrel 63 to reduce, and only needs a less torque thereby regulate.

Figure 17 illustrates the body according to another embodiment, and wherein screw shell 104 comprises two isolated threaded sections 105 that separated by a no threaded sections 106.The advantage of this body is, although the total length of screw shell 104 helps providing good guiding on threaded mandrel 63, but the number of turns of the screw thread that engages one another reduces, and this makes the friction between the internal thread number of turns of the external thread number of turns of threaded mandrel 63 and screw shell 104 reduce greatly.

Figure 18 illustrates the body 107 according to another embodiment, and the difference of itself and body 64 is that Flexible Connector is integrally formed.Piece spare 97 ' comprises the Flexible Connector 108 of the L shaped arm form of all-in-one-piece this moment, and this L shaped arm forms in the arm 102 similar modes with web member 65.The two forms a single part, if use suitable plastic, then this single part can be advantageously by punching press, particularly by casting or the injection moulding manufacturing.At this moment, preferably use under the working temperature of expection not can or seldom creep or mobile plastics, thereby even the elastic performance of web member 108 can not be reduced to the obvious degree that influences its function yet after permanent distortion.For this reason, preferably use the high plastics of glass temperature, particularly hypocrystalline plastics.Can use fiber-reinforced plastic such as glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate in addition.

Figure 19 illustrates another embodiment of body, and this body is the same with body among Figure 18 to comprise the piece spare with all-in-one-piece Flexible Connector 108, but the contraction in length of screw shell 103 in this embodiment.

Figure 20 with another embodiment shown in the front elevation in, the difference of the body of embodiment is among body 64 ' and Figure 13,14,16 and 17, body 64 ' that side at the groove place has a teat 114, described teat 114 stretches out from the side with arm 102 adjacency of body 64, and arm 102 is positioned at the back of teat 114.This teat among this embodiment is preventing arm 102 slippage from the body 64 during the assembling connecting piece 65.

The guide portion of this locating device is used to guide lens holder 66 (referring to Figure 21), and this guide portion comprises first guiding piece 67, second guiding piece 68, the lens holder 66 of conduct parts to be positioned of rolling bearing 95 and the magnet apparatus with the magnet 109 that is attached on the lens holder 66 are housed on it.

As mentioned above, first end with bullport 91 of lens holder 66 is that top 90 is directed on first guiding piece 67.Second end 94 of lens holder 66 is directed on second guiding piece 68.This purpose realizes that by rolling bearing 95 this rolling bearing is arranged on second end of lens holder 66, and its pivot center extends along the direction of the longitudinal axis quadrature of basic and bullport 91.

In addition, be provided with magnet 109 in the section of the formation seat 93 of lens holder 66, the longitudinal axis of the bipolar and lens holder 66 of this magnet, promptly the pivot center with rolling bearing 95 forms about 30 a ° angle.

Second guiding piece 68 and first guiding piece 67 are arranged on the framework 60 abreast.This second guiding piece has and the first guiding axis or the parallel guide surface 111 of first guiding piece 67.The normal of guide surface 111 roughly with one by first guiding piece 67 longitudinal axis and the optical axis O (referring to Figure 21) of condenser lens 37 and at lens holder 66 along the planar quadrature of extending on the possible mobile route of the direction of first guiding piece 67.As shown in figure 21, when along first guiding piece, 67 guiding lens holders 66, therefore rolling bearing 95 and cylinder blanket thereof can roll on guide surface 111.

On second guiding piece 68, on its vertically promptly parallel direction, be equipped with, be preferably the armature card 110 that iron is made with soft magnetic material, for example ferromagnetic material with first guiding piece 67.The normal N of armature card 110 and guide surface 111 form about 30 a ° angle

And with the bipolar direction of magnet 109 in line.Decide on its design and use, armature card 110 can be at least extends on second guiding piece 68 is actually used in the whole length of guiding.

The optical axis of the condenser lens 37 during threaded mandrel 63, first guiding piece 67 and second guiding piece 68 or its guide surface 111 are arranged to them and are contained in lens holder 66 with respect to lens holder 66 is parallel.

Thereby be connected in formation force closure between lens holder 66 and armature card 110 and second guiding piece 68 by the magnetic force that produces between the magnet 109 on the lens holder 66 that is contained in contiguous armature card 110 and the armature card 110.In order to prevent extra friction between armature card 110 and the magnet 109, between described two parts, be provided with the wide small air gap 112 (referring to Figure 21) of a for example about 0.5mm.

In form is to have that guiding lens holder 66 allows the motion of lens holders 66 that two degree of freedom are arranged on first guiding piece 67 of guide rod of circular cross section: thus be along first guiding piece 67 along condenser lens 37 or the rectilinear motion of the optical axis of object lens 36 on the one hand, be pivoting action on the other hand around the longitudinal axis of first guiding piece 67, but this pivoting action can make the optical axis of the optical axis of condenser lens 37 and object lens 36 not on same straight line.

Eliminate this degree of freedom by second guiding piece 68, magnet 109 and armature card 110.Because magnet 109 is with respect to the above-mentioned layout of the longitudinal axis of lens holder 66 and the orientation of armature card 110, thereby magnet 109 roughly becomes 30 ° angles with guide surface 111 with a plane by the threaded mandrel 63 and first guiding piece 67 with magnetic force between the armature card 110.Consequently generate power or torque, this power or torque pull to second end 94 that has rolling bearing 95 of lens holder 66 guide surface 111 of second guiding piece 68.This causes (lens holder) second end not have play ground being guided on second guiding piece 68 or its guide surface 111.In addition, locating device can rotate the angle of any hope, particularly 180 ° and guiding does not still have a play with telescope unit 5.

Simultaneously, lens holder 66 utilizes its bullport 91 to be pulled on first guiding piece 67, thereby first guiding piece in lens holder 66 and the guide sleeve 91 is the existence of having avoided play between the guide rod 67.Therefore the optical axis that can avoid condenser lens 37 with respect to the optical axis of the longitudinal axis of threaded mandrel 63 or object lens 36 inclination---this inclination can cause image local not focus on.

Thereby use is pulled to rolling bearing 95 that second guiding piece 68 contacts with this second guiding piece has reduced friction between the guide surface of second end of lens holder 66 and second guiding piece 68 greatly.

In another embodiment, second guiding piece 68 itself can be a magnet.Ferromagnetic armature element can be arranged on the lens holder 66 or by lens holder and constitute this moment.

Magnet 109 also can use electromagnet, and one of its advantage is to change magnetic force by changing magnetic flux.

In addition, angle φ also can change, and can get any value between 0 ° and 90 ° outside 30 °.Magnet 109 preferably is assembled into its bipolar normal with armature card 110 then and roughly aligns on lens holder 66.

In another embodiment, the magnet of the longitudinal extension that armature element 110 usefulness one size and armature element 110 are identical replaces, and the identical ferromagnetic armature element replacement of magnet 109 a usefulness shape and magnet 109.

Alternatively, the various piece of lens holder can be made with ferromagnetic material such as iron.

In another embodiment of locating device shown in Figure 22, O shape circle 74 and 75 is not arranged between bearing seat 73 and the bearing 72, and is arranged between in threaded mandrel 63 and this bearing one, and this can be contained in the bearing seat 73 of framework then rigidly.

In addition,, perhaps in addition, can flexibly be contained in motor 61 on the framework 60, for this reason, for example a flexible member 113 (referring to Figure 23) can be set between erecting device on the motor 61 and framework 60 as the replacement scheme of elastic coupling 62.

The complimentary engagement structure of body 64 needs not to be screw thread.The body 64 that schematically shows among Figure 24 and 25 " optional embodiment and the difference of one of the embodiment of above-mentioned body 64 be that it comprises by being contained in body 64 " in pin 115 constitute and radially extend into the body 64 that is used to admit threaded mandrel 63 " perforation 116 in two projections as the complimentary engagement structure.This pin 115 is along being spaced from each other on the direction of axle 63, and along opposite radially stretching in the perforation 116.Body 64 " effect that tilts is identical with the situation that internal thread is used as the complimentary engagement structure.Along on each direction of axle 63, in the pin 115 one contacts with the rib on the other side of the thread groove of axle 63 or the section of wall, thereby the motion on both direction does not all have play.

In another embodiment shown in Figure 26 and 27, as the protrusion pin 117 of complimentary engagement structure in perforation 116 with the tangent direction of axle 63 on stretch in the perforation 116 and being threadedly engaged with of axle 63.These pins 117 also are spaced from each other along the direction of axle 63, and are arranged on opposite radial position place with respect to the longitudinal axis of axle 63.

In another embodiment, the available one corresponding rib that is formed in the body replaces pin 117.

In addition, the connected structure of axle 63 needs not to be screw thread.Shown in Figure 28 and 29, axle 63 ' can comprise along opposite radially stretches out and along two projections of axle 63 ' spaced pin 118 forms from axle 63 '.Pin 118 is provided with the top that engages with the internal thread of body 64.Pin 118 can be force-fitted in the respective aperture of axle 63 '.

In another embodiment, the eyepiece in the stadia replaces with the video sensor parts of a video camera, and whole video camera is made of object lens 36, condenser lens 37 and video sensor parts.

Locating device of the present invention also can be used for stadia---or more generally, optical instrument---outside other purpose, wherein lens holder 66 can replace with another element to be positioned.

But those skilled in the art can change and modification under the situation of the scope that does not depart from claims apparently.

Claims (13)

1. locating device comprises:

Part (66) is positioned;

Be used for guiding first guiding piece (67) of first section (90) of the part (66) that is positioned along the first guiding axis;

Have and be used for be positioned second guiding piece (68) of guide surface (111) of second section (94) of part (66) of guiding; Wherein,

Described first guiding piece (67) with the limit movement of the described part that is positioned (66) for along the first guiding axis move and around the pivoting action of the first guiding axis,

It is characterized in that,

Described guide surface (111) is parallel to the described first guiding axis and extends,

One rolling bearing (95) is installed in second section (94) of the described part that is positioned (66) and goes up and be included in the external component that described guide surface (111) is gone up rolling, and

Magnet apparatus (109) is provided, and described magnet apparatus (109) is towards second section (94) of guide surface (111) the described part that is positioned of bias voltage (66) of described second guiding piece (68), so that stop around the pivoting action of the first guiding axis.

2. by the described locating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described magnet apparatus (109) generates a power that favours the straight line of first section (90) that connects the part (66) that is positioned and second section (94), in order to described second section (94) is pulled to described guide surface (111), and simultaneously along the direction bias voltage that is orthogonal to or favours the first guiding axis part (66) that is positioned.

3. by the described locating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described magnet apparatus (109) generation one favours the biasing force of the normal of described guide surface (111).

4. by each described locating device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that first guiding piece (67) comprises guide rod.

5. by the described locating device of claim 4, it is characterized in that the part that is positioned (66) comprises that one admits the bullport (91) of described guide rod.

6. by each described locating device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described magnet apparatus (109) comprises that one is fixed on the magnet (109) on the part that is positioned (66).

7. by each described locating device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, one soft magnetism or ferromagnetic armature element (110) are installed on second guiding piece (68), and described magnet apparatus (109) interacts with this armature element (110) and described second section (94) is pulled to described guide surface (111).

8. by each described locating device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that second guiding piece is made with soft magnetism or ferromagnetic material, described magnet apparatus interacts with second guiding piece as the armature element and described second section is pulled to described guide surface.

9. by each described locating device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described magnet apparatus comprises a magnet with respect to the hard-wired longitudinal extension of second guiding piece, the part that is positioned comprises a soft magnetism or ferromagnetic section.

10. by each described locating device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described magnet apparatus (109) generates a power that favours the straight line of first section (90) that connects the part (66) that is positioned and second section (94).

11., it is characterized in that the part that is positioned (66) is a lens holder by each described locating device among the claim 1-3.

12. optical instrument comprises by each described locating device in the aforementioned claim.

13., it is characterized in that described optical instrument is a surveying instrument by the described optical instrument of claim 12.

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