CN101682115A - 全方位立体天线 - Google Patents

全方位立体天线 Download PDF

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CN101682115A
CN101682115A CN200880020242A CN200880020242A CN101682115A CN 101682115 A CN101682115 A CN 101682115A CN 200880020242 A CN200880020242 A CN 200880020242A CN 200880020242 A CN200880020242 A CN 200880020242A CN 101682115 A CN101682115 A CN 101682115A
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antenna
transport element
broadband
comprehensive antenna
transport
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CN101682115B (zh
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朱利安·特维纳德
多米尼克·罗海因汤
阿利·洛齐尔
科琳·尼古拉斯
克里斯琴·珀森
让-菲利普·库佩兹
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种宽带全方位天线，其包括至少一个第一传导元件(Cc1)和至少一个第二传导元件(Cc2)，围绕一个共同旋转轴旋转对称并设有开口(O1，O2)，所述传导元件彼此相对放置，并且其中至少有一个传导元件具有一个逐渐张开的区域。所述宽带全方位天线包括一个位于所述传导元件之间的间隔和一个中心同轴激励线(Lc)，从而实现所述同轴激励线与所述传导元件之间的三维无接触转换；并包括二极管类型的改变所述张开区域内的辐射图的元件(Ri)，以便根据所述二极管的开或关状态来有选择地辐射所述间隔。

Description

全方位立体天线
技术领域
本发明领域是关于全方位立体天线，如双锥或盘锥天线，在其辐射图形成区域增加元件使其成角度的方位空间能够被分区。
发明背景
通常双锥天线(biconical antenna)是将两个锥形体的尖端相对叠合放置，电源从锥体中心(穿过)。该锥形体的形状能够确定一个渐变的锥形区域(tapering zone)，从那里传播波。锥形区域具有不同形状，并提供特定的轮廓，例如那些具有半球剖面的“Vivaldi”型天线，这种轮廓也可以简化成一条单线。盘锥天线(discone antenna)是在反射平面上设置一锥形体来实现的，这种结合在效率方面显著地表现出与双向天线相同的特征。
已知的全方位天线(omni direct ional antenna)包括如图1所示的锥形体C1和平面P2两个传导元件，其中同轴电缆的芯轴(central core)与上方的锥形体相接触，而下方的平面与电源同轴电缆的外接地线(exterior earth)相接触。
还有已知的天线包括带有两条同轴电缆L1和L2的两个锥体C1和C2(如图2a所示)，或者如公开专利申请2246090中所描述的一种的天线，包括两个锥形体1、2，其所提出的是集成一条中心同轴电缆元件3、4，并通过两个整体嵌在材料7当中的传导网5、6(见图2b所示)，将其电连接至锥形体部分。
现有技术的全方位天线可在一个方位平面(azimuthal plane)上具有良好的全方位导向性，但在方向子集上不能自由地最佳影响导向性。然后，无接触转换能够有利于天线的集成。
还有已知的是一种在欧洲专利申请EP1460717中特别描述过的全方位天线，可以通过开关二极管装置，在使其激励源电平上的电场改变，来改变其天线的方向性(directivity)。
发明内容
在本文中，本发明提出了一种天线，在同轴激励线与具有旋转对称性的两个导体元件之间集成了三维无接触转换(transition)，对应于一个微波传输带线(microstrip line)/槽线(slot line)平面转换的三维变换(transposition)，并在该天线的至少一个锥形部分具有天线辐射图改变元件。
本发明更为特别的目的是提供一种宽带全方位天线，包括至少一个第一传导元件和一个第二传导元件，围绕一个共同的旋转轴旋转对称，并设有中心开口，所述传导元件彼此相对放置，其中所述传导元件中至少有一个具有一个渐变的锥形区域。所述宽带全方位天线包括一个中心同轴激励线以及在所述传导元件之间的间隔，形成以实现所述同轴激励线与所述传导元件之间的三维无接触转换，所述宽带全方位天线还包括在所述锥形区域中的辐射图改变元件。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，其中一个传导元件为平面的。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，其中至少一个传导元件为一个锥形体。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，所述锥形体的最小直径大于所述同轴激励线的剖面尺寸。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，其中至少一个传导元件为半球体。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，所述改变元件包括能够将传导状态切换至绝缘状态的二极管或者MEMS类型元件。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，所述至少一个传导元件包括支撑所述改变元件的辐射绝缘分区。
有利的是，所述传导元件中至少有一个具有绝缘分区的传导元件为塑料材料并包含金属部件。
有利的是，所述改变元件是通过在包含金属部件的塑料元件上直接印制迹线来支撑的。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，所述天线还包括连接两个传导元件以保证接地的金属棒。
根据本发明的一个变化实例，所述天线包括至少一个完全绝缘的部件，其中有一个传导元件，呈现为一逐渐成锥形的区域。
附图说明
参考所附的附图阅读下面作为非限制性举例的说明，可以更好地理解本发明及其它优点，其中：
图1显示了根据现有技术的全方位天线的第一个例子；
图2a和2b显示了根据现有技术的全方位天线的两个其它例子；
图3显示了根据本发明的包含两个锥形元件和一个中心同轴线的天线结构；
图4a和4b分别显示根据本发明包含辐射图改变元件的天线实例的立体图和剖面视图；
图5a、5b及5c显示图4a和4b中的天线分别在三维视图、方位平面视图(azimuth plane)及高度平面视图(elevation plane)中的辐射图；
图6显示了图4a和4b所述的天线经过反射的损耗；
图7显示了一个变化实例，其中锥形体具有一个相对于中心激励线的尺寸加宽的中心开口；
图8显示了本发明的一个变化实例，其中导体元件是以塑料片实现的；
图9a和9b显示了本发明的一个变化实例，其中有一个传导元件为平面的；
图10显示本发明的一个变化实例，其中传导元件为半球体。
具体实施例
在一般情况下，根据本发明的天线包括一个呈锥形的传导的第一元件，以及一个同样传导的也可以为锥形或平面形状的第二元件。由这两个元件组成的组合与一个同轴中心激励线相耦合。所述激励线包括一金属中心棒，保证天线的电源功能在两个传导元件之间的开口高度形成一短路电路，以便使同轴类的连接以及由这个两个传导元件组成的组合能够耦合。所述短路电路是通过将一个“开路”设置于金属棒末端λ/4距离位置处来实现。超过该中心棒末端的高度也是该天线的一个可适应的调节参数。
图3详细描述了该全方位天线结构的例子，包括更特别的，一第一锥形体元件Cc1、一第二锥形体元件Cc2、以及一同轴中心激励线Lc。每个传导元件具有一个可让激励线从中穿过的中心开口O1、O2，并围绕一中心轴Ac旋转对称。所述激励线包括一中心金属棒LC1，该金属棒穿过传导元件的长度一般为λ/4左右，以便在双锥天线的开口高度形成一个短路电路。而且，根据垂直方向Dz在两个锥形元件之间的的间隔e能够使同轴激励线的模式与两个锥形体组成的组件的模式相耦合。
通常间隔e在方向Dz上可以为4mm左右。所述锥形体元件的半径为15mm，其结构测量大约为48mm。根据本发明，所述天线还包括辐射图改变元件Ri(主导及反射元件)，如图4a和4b所示的立体天线的锥形区域中。
有利的是，所述辐射图改变元件为半导体元件，能够从绝缘状态转换到传导状态，并插在立体天线的锥形区域内。这些半导体元件由印制的迹线(track)pi支撑，然后连接至控制电路，并位于组成所述立体天线的传导元件中的其中一个传导元件的绝缘区域中。这些改变元件为图6a、6b(4个分区的结构)所表示的示意图上的金属棒，举例来说，可以是连接到位于这种结构下面的控制电路的PIN二极管、变容二极管或者MEMS之类的元件。这些改变元件由虚线图形表示它们处于挡住状态时。这些组件被布置为这样一种方式，使得它能够在距离同轴电缆的中心金属棒所在的锥形中心λg/4(λg＝两个锥形之间导波长度)的位置产生一个短路电路，以产生最大耦合，并保证同轴电缆的能量穿过至所述双锥天线。这些改变元件既可以在能够实现电路短路将两个锥形体的接地线电连接在一起，由此而形同一个类似反射元件的状态，或者也可以在一种状态下使这些元件成为主导(director)元件。对这些多个元件的状态控制能够对空间进行分区。它们的数量也决定了所述系统能够覆盖的分区数量。
前面所述构造描述了四个分区，有利的是，这些分区的数量可以改变，根据本发明，一般实现8个，有利于进一步调制天线辐射图。
而且，包括所述绝缘分区和传导分区的传导元件可有利地是一片塑料，在其上实现金属化分区SCi。塑料主片可以通过夹子或钉子之类的机械装置，也可以用焊接方式来互连到电路上。锥形体之间的接地可以通过使用连接所述两个元件CC1和Cc2的金属棒Mi的方式来加以保证。
因此，单个天线模块中集成分区功能的可能性提供了一个非常必然的在空间上的增益。从一个实现方面而言，采用塑料技术，提供了一种实现双锥形或盘锥形天线的方式，由于塑料材料的使用寿命和多功能性，而使塑料能被用来作为一种支持能量传播的材料，从而打开了空间增益、重量以及与通信链的其余部分容易互相连接方面等新前景。
图4a和4b所述的全方位天线实施例包括四个分区并被校至5GHz运行：
该天线包括一个以“金属化塑料”技术制成的三维主片体，构成“参考”天线装置支架，并在“传统”结构中加入双塑料锥形体头对尾定位，其具有中心孔，能够例如说通过同轴电缆类的通路来实现对天线供电。在该例子中，主片体的高度为48mm，锥形体的半径为20mm，运行于5Ghz。在这个例子中，两个锥形体之间的间隔调整在4mm，这是个重要的优化参数，这个开口在天线电源系统中的作用是通过同轴电缆模式与双锥形天线模式之间的耦合来实现的。该供电方法属于三维类型的供电系统构造中的同轴电缆/槽线变换的转换转置。
反射元件的存在，以及特别是对反射元件的控制，能辐射所述给定分区，并以可选择的方式辐射所述间隔，由于采用独特的中心装置。此处通过具有包括这种反射元件的四个绝缘分区的结构，以及与这种天线类型有关的呈现5GHz辐射图的图5a、5b和5c进行描述。这些辐射图在5a(三维视图)，5b(方位角平面(azimuth plane)视图)以及5c(纵平面(elevation view)视图)中显示。方向性(directivity)为4.92dB，-3dB的束宽在纵向为90°在方位角平面为160°，前向和后向比例小于-8dB。
这个实现了的在5GHz运行的结构例子，由于反射而呈现如图6所示的典型的损耗。
根据图7所示的发明变化实例，该全方位天线的锥形体xc的小直径相对于电源同轴电缆的外筒尺寸xL，特别是相对于构成同轴电缆外壁的空的圆筒区域来说宽一些。特别在考虑到采用塑料材料片体时的模铸限制，对于制作工艺的简化来说这种变化实例是有益的。
根据本发明的一种变化实例，全方位天线包括的不再是前面所述的空心片体，而是“实心”塑料构成的片体，能够以机械方式使所述天线被加固。图8显示了这种构造。然后传导元件Cc1和Cc2形成于所述塑料件P的内部。
根据本发明的一个变化实施例，所述天线为一个盘锥天线，由于其中一个相对于第一传导元件的传导元件为平面而使之整体上尺寸减小。如图9a和9b所示，该天线包括一个内部金属化的上部锥形体Cc1、一个连接同轴电缆Lc的反射接地平面PC2、以及在所述锥形体和所述反射接地平面之间的开口。
根据图10所示的本发明的一个变化实施例，所述传导片包括一锥形区域，含有诸如“Vivaldi”类型天线会遇到的半球形，而因此由耦合于同轴激励线Lc的两个半球体Sc1和Sc2组成。

Claims (11)

1.一种宽带全方位天线，包括至少一个第一传导元件(Cc1)和一个第二传导元件(Cc2)，围绕一个共同旋转轴(Ac)旋转对称，并设有中心开口(O1，O2)，所述传导元件彼此相对放置，其中所述传导元件中至少有一个具有逐渐成锥形的区域，其特征在于其包括：
一个中心同轴激励线(Lc)以及一位于所述两个传导元件之间的间隔(e)，从而实现所述同轴激励线和传导元件之间的三维无接触转换，以及
在所述锥形区域内的辐射图改变元件(Ri)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于其中一个传导元件为平面(Pc2)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于其中至少一个传导元件为锥形。
4.根据权利要求3所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于所述锥形体的最小直径(xc)比所述同轴激励线的截面尺寸(xL)大。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一权利要求所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于所述传导元件中至少有一个为半球体(SC1，SC2)。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一权利要求所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于所述改变元件包括能够从传导状态切换至绝缘状态的二极管或MEMS型元件。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一权利要求所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于其中所述的传导元件中至少有一个包括支撑所述改变元件的辐射绝缘区域。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于其中所述传导元件中至少有一个为包括辐射绝缘分区的传导元件，其是塑料制成的，并包含金属部件(Sc1)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于其中所述改变元件由直接印在所述包含金属部分的塑料元件上的迹线(pi)支撑。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一权利要求所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于其还包括连接所述两个传导元件以保证接地的金属棒(Mi)。
11.根据权利要求1至10任一权利要求所述的宽带全方位天线，其特征在于其还包括至少一个绝缘平面片体(p)，其中形成一个具有一个渐变锥形区域的传导元件。
CN200880020242.XA 2007-06-12 2008-06-04 全方位立体天线 Expired - Fee Related CN101682115B (zh)

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JP5416100B2 (ja) 2014-02-12
US11271316B2 (en) 2022-03-08

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