CN101680064A

CN101680064A - metal gasket

Info

Publication number: CN101680064A
Application number: CN200880015369A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 巴瓦妮·特利帕斯; 托马斯·O·祖弗吕
Original assignee: Federal Mogul LLC
Current assignee: Federal Mogul LLC
Priority date: 2007-03-09
Filing date: 2008-03-10
Publication date: 2010-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2028-03-10
Also published as: EP2132349A4; JP2010520956A; EP2132349A1; KR101466044B1; JP2015083718A; US20130283883A1; WO2008112620A1; EP2132349B1; KR20090122375A; US20080217866A1; US8470098B2; CN101680064B; JP5924558B2; US9618121B2

Abstract

A metal gasket includes embossments that exhibit essentially full functional recovery and full retained internal stress at temperatures up to about 1000 DEG F. which is made from sheet material that is cold rolled and whose embossments are work hardened without any post embossment heat treating that would act to harden the material. This material may also receive a precipitation hardening heat treatment prior to being embossed. The gasket materials include alloys having greater than about 18% Ni, greater than about 14% Cr, from about 0.1 to 10% of at least one of Mo, Ti, V, Al, Co, Nb, Ta or Cu and the balance Fe with incidental impurities, which are cold rolled without any post embossment heat treating that would act to harden the material.

Description

Metal washer

The cross reference of related application

It is the right of priority of on 03 09th, 2007 the 60/894th, No. 078 U.S. Provisional Patent Application that present patent application requires the applying date, and the full content of this temporary patent application is combined in herein by reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to metal washer.Particularly, relate to the embossed metal gaskets of making by superalloy.More particularly, relate to the embossed metal gaskets of making by high temperature iron-nickel-chromium alloy that effectively to use under up to about 1000 temperature.

Background technology

It is well-known using embossed metal in the Moderate High Temperature packing ring of the oil engine that comprises gasoline and diesel-fueled engine.For example, can be received in up to working under about 800 temperature by cold rolling adequately hardened 301 stainless steel packing rings (301FH SS), but be higher than its intensity of meeting forfeiture under about 1000 temperature, and be higher than under about 1000 temperature, embossing produces and is subjected to thermo-coagulating, can't return to its effective seal state in use fully, thereby lose the ability at its effective sealing engagement place.Yet, even be lower than under 1000 the temperature, along with temperature rises to about 1000 °F from room temperature, 301 FH SS are corresponding with for example other stainless performances such as 309FH CR and 316Ti to be reduced pro rata, and the speed of its degradation quickening on 800 temperature usually, as shown in Figure 1, this Fig. 1 has described temperature for example to recovering the influence of embossing height.Because the decline gradually of the performance of given gasket design is even the decline gradually of its performance under about 230-550 proper temperature can cause the packing ring carrying to be reduced to the point that can damage sealing, so stress relaxation seems very important.Usually, by in this gasket design in conjunction with the additional pad ring layer to realize required washer height and sealing property, solve the problem of this degradation.Temperature effect that packing ring is suffered and restriction make its joint in the desire sealing can experience in the sealing applications of a large amount of heat energy or dynamic mechanically motion, for example bear the joint of vibration at need, particularly those experience the joint of bigger temperature variation simultaneously, produce to worsen.This situation frequently betides flanged element and the fitting piece that matches, another flanged fitting piece particularly, the various joints that engage.In the sealing applications relevant with oil engine, such example comprises the joint of determining in cylinder head gaskets structure, exhaust pipe clamp, intake manifold and the turbo-supercharger charge air cooler.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides the higher solution of a kind of cost performance, think that operating temperature provides low cost solution up to about 1000 Moderate High Temperature embossed metal gaskets application.

In one aspect of the invention, a kind of metal washer that comprises embossing is provided, this embossing presents Full Featured basically recovery and residual stress under up to about 1000 operating temperature, and this embossing is by making through cold rolling metal sheet, the embossing of this metal sheet has sufficient operation intensity through work hardening, and need not to adopt any this material of back embossing thermal treatment the sclerosis.

According to a further aspect in the invention, described packing ring is made by precipitation hardenable Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy, and this alloy hardens through the precipitation hardening heat treatment precipitation more earlier through cold rolling sclerosis, then compacting forms and the described embossing of work hardening, need not to adopt embossing postheat treatment this material that hardens after this.

According to another aspect of the invention, corresponding described cold rolling/work hardening embossed and need not to adopt back embossing thermal treatment to come any Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy of further hardened all can be applied to make the packing ring of the type by expection.

According to another aspect of the invention, corresponding earlier through cold rolling work hardening, again the coils form precipitation hardening, then carry out embossed and need not to adopt the embossing postheat treatment to come any alloy of hardened all can be applied to make the packing ring of the type by expection.

According to another aspect of the invention, can will have the washer plate expection of at least one embossing seal bead of making by alloy as packing ring of the present invention, described alloy comprises, by weight: nickel greater than 18%, chromium greater than 14%, 0.1-10% selects at least one element and the iron of surplus substantially from the group that is made of molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, aluminium, cobalt, niobium, tantalum and copper, described washer plate has the microtexture of the work hardening of distortion.

According to another aspect of the invention, can be with washer plate expection as packing ring of the present invention with at least one embossing seal bead of making by Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy alloy, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 18-28%, the chromium of 18-23%, the molybdenum of 0-8%, the copper of 0-1.5%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-3%, the titanium of 0-0.6%, the aluminium of 0-0.6%, the carbon of 0-0.8%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.03%, the nitrogen of 0-0.4% and the iron of surplus substantially.

According to another aspect of the invention, can will have the washer plate expection of Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy alloy as packing ring of the present invention, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 24-55%, the chromium of 13.5-21%, the molybdenum of 1-3.3%, the copper of 0-0.15%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-2%, the titanium of 0.65-2.3%, the aluminium of 0-0.8%, the vanadium of 0-0.5%, the boron of 0.001-0.01%, the cobalt of 0-1.0%, the niobium of 4.75-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

According to another aspect of the invention, the present invention includes the method for making embossed metal gaskets, this method comprises the following steps: to form the annealed sheet of Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy; Make described annealed sheet produce the distortion sheet that distortion has the microtexture of distortion with formation; And form packing ring with at least one embossing seal bead by described distortion sheet; Under up to about 1000 operating temperature, described embossing seal bead has the residual stress greater than critical residual stress in the joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals.

According to another aspect of the invention, Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy washer plate of the present invention can coated refractory coating.This refractory coating can comprise chemical exfoliated vermiculite, high temperature organic resin, auxiliary inorganic resin and laminal filler.

According to a further aspect in the invention, described embossing can comprise the embossing of complete embossing or part, comprises to not a half embossing.

Description of drawings

In order to be illustrated more clearly in above-mentioned and other features and advantage of the present invention, describe the present invention below in conjunction with current preferred embodiment and accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is that the embossing of several existing metal washer alloys in the cramping test recovers highly temperature variant graphic representation;

Fig. 2 is the orthographic plan of the packing ring made of the embodiment exemplary according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the amplification part sectioned view of the part that is positioned at joint of the packing ring among Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is that the embossing of several alloy of the present invention in the cramping test recovers highly temperature variant graphic representation;

Fig. 5 is that the embossing of several alloy of the present invention in the test of constant load cramping recovers highly temperature variant graphic representation;

Fig. 6 is that the microtexture of the section sampling of washer plate of the present invention is amplified 200x Photomicrograph doubly; And

Fig. 7 is the schema of method of the present invention.

Embodiment

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have described the single-layer metal packing ring 10 that one exemplary embodiment is made according to the present invention for example.Individual layer and multilayer embossed metal gaskets all are expected, all are covered by in the scope of the present invention.Embossing can comprise full height embossing or part height embossing, comprises to not a half height embossing.

Packing ring 10 comprises at least one metal level 12.This metal level 12 is made by metal sheet, and this metal sheet is through punching press or adopt other modes to be configured as to have at least one fluid-conveying opening 14.Yet, knowing that easily packing ring 10 can have the fluid-conveying opening of any amount, many embodiment can have a plurality of such openings.Metal level 12 also can comprise additional opening 16, can be used for packing ring 10 is clamped in exhaust manifold (figure does not show) and the fastening piece between the cylinder body (figure does not show) or other gripping units (figure does not show) that is for example sealed by this packing ring 10 between first element 20 and second element 22 to accommodate, thereby form sealing engagement.Shown in Figure 3 is to be in not first fitting piece 20 and second fitting piece 22 and the packing ring 10 of clamped condition, and these elements are positioned at and are about to clamped position separately before.

At least one metal level 12 can be made by the Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy that is fit to, and comprises some precipitation hardenable alloy.The metal sheet of selected Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy is through cold rolling work hardening, thereby produce room temperature in few 1000MPa scope tensile strength and big as far as possible, be at least 5%, 5-25% particularly, 5-10% preferably, and most preferably be the extension of 6-9%.Metal sheet must have enough flexibilities and extensibility, so that excise and be processed to form required opening and the embossing described in the literary composition from flap or roll, vice versa, the various embossing packing rings that are combined to form by roll extrusion, punching press, extruding and other working methods, and can not make material generation cracking, simultaneously, metal sheet also needs to have enough tensile strengths, so that play the effect of packing ring and under up to about 1000 high temperature, keep enough intensity, provide sealing thereby can be continuously the joint that is installed under the hot operation condition.When metal sheet during by precipitation hardenable Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy composition, this material also can carry out precipitation hardening after cold rolling, thereby further improves the high-temperature behavior of packing ring 10 by suitable precipitation hardening thermal treatment.

After carrying out cold rolling and any precipitation hardening thermal treatment, the sheet material blanking is advanced in the packing ring, to form above-mentioned various opening.In this blanking operating process, perhaps in the independent operation that before or after blanking, carries out, impress this blank to produce at least one sealing embossing or beading 18 around at least one opening 14.Embossing 18 can be complete embossing, typically is circular arc or other curved parts, perhaps half embossing, and wherein, half embossing situation is typically by adopting a series of complementary radius or circular arc or other curved parts to make part sheet surface other part projectioies relatively.Beading 18 comprises the elastic component that is incorporated in the washer plate, and this elastic component produces and acts on each

fitting piece

20,22 lip-deep power, is enough to fluid-encapsulated opening.In this step, though not getting rid of to produce, the present invention is not enough to provide the distortion of additional mechanical intensity for sheet material, particularly near the zone of embossing, but cold working in the embossing step and distortion can not make the part that comprises embossing 18 on the tinsel increase any tangible additional strength.The packing ring of being made by preferred cold rolling Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy material 10 can have seal bead 18, when described packing ring be clamped at when operating temperature up to about 1000 working load under, it will be in work-ing life, keep enough elasticity that the enough Sealing Stress that act on surface, sealing engagement place are provided, thereby keep fully sealing.This feature of packing ring 10 of the present invention can be by carrying out the cramping test in during the next prolongation of packing ring 10 its running statuses, in the packing ring whole life, under typical temperature when being in its applied appointment internal combustion engine use, common load, environment and other conditions, perhaps satisfy under the required condition of oil engine quality standard, promptly, see the appearance that described packing ring 10 presents up under about 1000 temperature.Particularly, be exposed to when being lower than in about 1000 operational conditions, it recovers washer height can not produce nonconforming minimizing.In many cases, the recovery washer height of packing ring 10 of the present invention produces seldom or ND minimizing, alloy presents as shown in Figures 4 and 5, in any case but, its recovery washer height under these operational conditionss all can be higher than 0.0025 inch, particularly when carrying out test as described herein.Recovering the improvement of washer height aspect represents: because the creep-resistant property of described alloy improvement in the degree scope, therefore in the packing ring, particularly in the embossing, these alloy ratios comprise that the existing gasket materials of 301FH, 309FH CR and 316Ti stainless steel has bigger residual stress, are whole residual stresss basically.

Can be by under running status, comprise in the thermal cycling, clamping washer over a long time, test the recovery washer height, its middle washer is in whole work-ing life, running status in given internal combustion engine use maybe needs to satisfy under the condition of oil engine Valuation Standard, and just temperature is seen the appearance that described packing ring 10 presents up to about 1000 °F.Cheng Zai embossing packing ring should keep its sealing property at the embossing place in whole expected service life in these cases.Those of ordinary skill in hot gasket design, development, the Computer-Assisted Design, Manufacture And Test field is easily known, can adopt a large amount of method and apparatus to measure beading setting (bead set), can these all method and apparatus generally all wish use under specified criteria and can not produce to damage and test packing ring, for example make packing ring can not keep or return to its original embossing height by heat setting type, perhaps lose its intensity, make it when clamped, can't bear enough load and seal required fluid communication passageways.Test itself is unimportant, and importantly the packing ring ability of working under true operational conditions will be born up to about 1000 temperature at true operational conditions lower gasket.A kind of suitable test comprises the test packing ring that preparation is made by the cold rolled metal sheet material that is fit to, and this test packing ring has an opening and a complete embossing, and representative is around the embossing or the seal bead 18 of described opening.This test washer outer diameter is 2.75 inches, and internal diameter is 1.75 inches, and material thickness T is about 0.010 inch.Initial bead height is 1.5T, perhaps exceeds on the metal level body end face 0.015 inch.Adopt 5 grade bolts, should test packing ring and be clamped between two 1 inch thick platens, its seam load is 1000PLI (pound/linear inch), heats 17 hours under the internal combustion engine operation temperature then, dismantles, and remeasures the height of the beading on the body again.The industrial standards of generally acknowledging is, the minimum restoring bead height is on the body end face 0.0025 inch, it can all remain under enough sealed states in its whole life at the standard testing temperature packing ring of ordering, and the also corresponding recovery of beading all functions basically with operability, and in the packing ring, particularly in the embossing, keep all residual stresss basically.On bottom line, to about 1000 °F, these alloys and existing packing ring alloy phase ratio all keep higher stress from room temperature.Under 800,1000,1400,1500 and 1600 temperature, test packing ring to the above-mentioned type made by 4 kinds of alloy deposition sclerotic type superalloys enumerating in the following table 1 is tested, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, find, it all falls into acceptable beading recovery standard, and the final bead height of all samplings is on the body at least 0.0025 inch.Particularly, with existing alloy phase ratio shown in Figure 1, the recovery of these packing rings does not highly produce unacceptable minimizing, and presents whole basically residual stresss in being lower than 1000 operating temperature.

It is generally acknowledged the alloy of some precipitation-hardenable in the Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy that the present invention is fit to, benefit from cold working and precipitation hardening equally.Similarly, the present invention's expection after cold rolling step, also can be carried out the precipitation hardening thermal treatment of coil form to sheet material, possesses above-mentioned desirable strength and extension property to make it.Those of ordinary skill in material selection and the thermal treatment field need not to carry out unsuitable test and innovation, just be understood that based on the specific composition of alloy and the required final performance of desire acquisition, can carry out the precipitation hardening heat treatment cycle, realize the net result that this hope obtains.For example, alloy part can be benefited from the precipitation hardening heat treatment cycle after cold rolling in precipitation hardenable alloy the present invention expection, that will be described in detail hereinafter, generally is to handle 8-15 hour being higher than under 1000 temperature.The precipitation hardenable alloy composition that is fit to is nickelic, the high-chromium alloy with additive, so that carry out precipitation hardening, and the alloy that will further describe in the literary composition for example.

Table 1

Alloy	The 301FH contrast	Alloy A	Alloy B	Alloy C	Alloy D
Alloy	The 301FH contrast	Alloy A	Alloy B	Alloy C	Alloy D	Element	??wt％	??wt％	??wt％	??wt％	??wt％
??C	??0.03-0.15	??0.08mx	??0.020mx	??0.08mx	??0.08mx	Element	??wt％	??wt％	??wt％	??wt％	??wt％
??C	??0.03-0.15	??0.08mx	??0.020mx	??0.08mx	??0.08mx	??Mn	??2.00mx	??1.00mx	??3.00mx	??2.00mx	??0.35mx
??S	??0.030mx	??0.015mx	??0.01mx		??0.015mx	??Mn	??2.00mx	??1.00mx	??3.00mx	??2.00mx	??0.35mx
??S	??0.030mx	??0.015mx	??0.01mx		??0.015mx	??P	??0.045mx		??0.03mx		??0.015mx
??Si	??1.00mx	??1.00mx	??0.05mx	??1.00mx	??0.35mx	??P	??0.045mx		??0.03mx		??0.015mx
??Si	??1.00mx	??1.00mx	??0.05mx	??1.00mx	??0.35mx	??Cr	??16.00-18.00	??18-22	??20.5-23.0	??13.5-16.00	??17.00-21.00
??Ni	??6.00-8.00	??18-22	??26.0-28.0	??24.00-27.00	??50.00- ??55.00 ^*	??Cr	??16.00-18.00	??18-22	??20.5-23.0	??13.5-16.00	??17.00-21.00
??Ni	??6.00-8.00	??18-22	??26.0-28.0	??24.00-27.00	??50.00- ??55.00 ^*	??Mo	??0.80mx		??6.50-8.00	??1.00-1.50	??2.80-3.30
??N	??0.09mx		??0.30-0.40			??Mo	??0.80mx		??6.50-8.00	??1.00-1.50	??2.80-3.30
??N	??0.09mx		??0.30-0.40			??Ti		??0.60mx		??1.90-2.30	??0.65-1.15
??V				??0.10-0.50		??Ti		??0.60mx		??1.90-2.30	??0.65-1.15
??V				??0.10-0.50		??Al		??0.60mx		??0.35mx	??0.35-0.80
??B				??0.003-0.010	??0.001-0.006	??Al		??0.60mx		??0.35mx	??0.35-0.80
??B				??0.003-0.010	??0.001-0.006	??Co					??1.00mx
??Nb+Ta					??4.75-5.50	??Co					??1.00mx
??Nb+Ta					??4.75-5.50	??Cu		??0.75mx	??0.50-1.50		??0.15mx
??Fe	??bal	??bal	??bal	??bal	??bal	??Cu		??0.75mx	??0.50-1.50		??0.15mx

Non-localized, the composition of required alloy can be in this scope, by weight:＞18% nickel (Ni),＞14% chromium (Cr), in the molybdenum of 0.1-10% (Mo), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), aluminium (Al), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) or the copper (Cu) one of at least and the iron (Fe) of surplus, allow the incidental impurity of existence, and other there is not the additive of infringement to desired characteristic.In the above-mentioned scope, specific embodiment comprises the alloy A-D of general introduction in the table 1 in the alloy that the present invention is fit to, and these alloy A-D will be described in detail hereinafter.

Alloy A can be described to comprise, by weight: the carbon (C) of the titanium of the silicon (Si) of the copper of the nickel of 18-22%, the chromium of 18-22%, 0-0.75%, 0-1%, the manganese (Mn) of 0-1%, 0-0.6%, the aluminium of 0-0.6%, 0-0.08%, the sulphur (S) of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus basically.As mentioned above, as long as the alloy that finally obtains is under up to about 1000 temperature, have the mechanical characteristics, the fully complete of washer height that meet packing ring manufacturing and installation and recover and whole basically residual stresss, then alloy A also can comprise other alloy additions.Can be with reference to Fig. 4, temperature is during up to about 1000 °F, the recovery of alloy A is lower than on the washer face 0.0025 inch highly slightly, yet, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, well 301FH of this performance or 316Ti, and, under higher temperature, comprise being higher than about 1100 temperature, to the improvement of performance even bigger.Therefore, at the stability of alloy A performance and the improvement of being showed that surpasses 301FH or 316Ti performance, alloy A represents global function recovery and whole basically residual stresss substantially under up to about 1000 temperature.Though alloy A can produce some precipitation hardenings when the precipitation hardening thermal treatment of carrying out described in the literary composition, does not think that alloy A is a precipitation hardenable alloy.Therefore, preferred, simultaneously not exclusive, come the sheet material of alloy A is carried out the processing described in the literary composition by cold rolling, thereby carry out required cold working, and do not accept precipitation hardening thermal treatment.

Alloy B can be described as and comprises, by weight: the iron of the phosphorus (P) of the carbon of the silicon of the molybdenum of the nickel of 26-28%, the chromium of 20.5-23.0%, 6.5-8%, the copper of 0.5-1.5%, 0-0.05%, the manganese of 0-3%, 0-0.020%, the sulphur of 0-0.01%, 0-0.03%, the nitrogen (N) of 0.3-0.4% and cardinal principle surplus.As mentioned above, as long as the alloy that finally obtains is under up to about 1000 temperature, have the mechanical characteristics, the complete substantially of washer height that meet packing ring manufacturing and installation and recover and whole basically residual stresss, alloy B also can comprise other alloy additions.Can be with reference to Fig. 4, under up to about 1000 temperature, the recovery of alloy B highly is higher than on the washer face 0.0025 inch.Therefore, under up to about 1000 temperature, alloy B shows global function and recovers and whole basically residual stresss.Though alloy B can produce some precipitation hardenings when the precipitation hardening thermal treatment of carrying out described in the literary composition, does not think that alloy B is a precipitation hardenable alloy.Therefore, preferred simultaneously not exclusive, come the sheet material of alloy B is carried out the processing described in the literary composition by cold rolling, thereby carry out required cold working, and do not accept precipitation hardening thermal treatment.

It is generally acknowledged the Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy of many other the non-precipitation hardenable of alloy A and B representative, these alloys can be described as those usually to have, by weight:＞18% nickel,＞14% chromium, the molybdenum of 0.1-10%, titanium, vanadium, aluminium, cobalt, niobium, in tantalum or the copper one of at least, the iron Fe of surplus and incidental impurity, the alloy A and the B that particularly ought drop on the compositing range of these alloys have, by weight: the nickel of 18-28%, the chromium of 18-23%, the molybdenum of 0-8%, the copper of 0-1.5%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-3%, the titanium of 0-0.6%, the aluminium of 0-0.6%, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.03%, the nitrogen of 0-0.4% and the iron of surplus substantially.It is generally acknowledged that under up to about 1000 temperature, these alloys present global function recovery and whole basically residual stresss at least substantially.Though these alloys can produce some precipitation hardenings when the precipitation hardening thermal treatment of carrying out described in the literary composition, do not think that generally these alloys are precipitation hardenable alloy.Therefore, preferred simultaneously not exclusive, come the sheet material of these alloys is carried out the processing described in the literary composition by cold rolling, thereby carry out required cold working, and do not accept precipitation hardening thermal treatment.

Alloy C can be described as and comprises, by weight: the aluminium of the titanium of the manganese of the molybdenum of the nickel of 24-27%, the chromium of 13.5-16%, 1-1.5%, the silicon of 0-1%, 0-2%, the carbon of 0-0.08%, 1.9-2.3%, the vanadium of 0.1-0.5,0-0.35%, the boron (B) of 0.003-0.01% and the iron of surplus substantially.As mentioned above, as long as the alloy that finally obtains is under up to about 1000 temperature, have the mechanical characteristics, the complete substantially of washer height that meet packing ring manufacturing and installation and recover and whole basically residual stresss, alloy C also can comprise other alloy additions.Can be with reference to Fig. 4, be higher than under 1000 the temperature, the recovery of alloy C is higher than on the washer face 0.0025 inch highly fully.Therefore, under up to about 1000 temperature, alloy C presents global function and recovers and whole basically residual stresss.Alloy C is a precipitation hardenable alloy.Therefore,, preferred, before press grain forming, come the sheet material of alloy C is carried out the processing described in the literary composition by cold rolling, carries out required cold working, carry out the additional precipitation hardening thermal treatment described in the literary composition afterwards, the while is not got rid of and carries out cold-rolling treatment separately.Because such alloy presents the cold working microtexture after precipitation hardening thermal treatment, therefore, this thermal treatment makes alloy have higher intensity, remedy any decrease and the cold rolling correlation intensity increase that causes that cold working brings more, and alloy is presenting cold worked microtexture after precipitation hardening thermal treatment.

As shown in Figure 4, illustrate alloy D, represent this material of differing temps respectively by alloy D-1 and alloy D-2.Alloy D can be described as and comprises, by weight: the phosphorus of the carbon of the % niobium of the boron of the titanium of the silicon of the molybdenum of the nickel of 50-55%, the chromium of 17-21%, 2.8-3.3%, the copper of 0-0.15%, 0-0.35%, the manganese of 0-0.35%, 0.65-1.15%, the aluminium of 0.35-0.8%, 0.001-0.006%, the cobalt of 0-1%, 4.75-5.5 or the total amount of tantalum, 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.As mentioned above, as long as the alloy that finally obtains under up to about 1000 temperature, has the mechanical characteristics that meets packing ring manufacturing and installation, global function is recovered and whole basically residual stresss substantially, alloy D also can comprise other alloy additions.As shown in Figure 4, be higher than under 1000 the temperature, the recovery of alloy D is higher than on the washer face 0.0025 inch highly fully.Therefore, under up to about 1000 temperature, alloy D also shows global function and recovers and whole basically residual stresss.Alloy D is a precipitation hardenable alloy.Therefore, preferred, before press grain forming, come the sheet material of alloy D is carried out the processing described in the literary composition by cold rolling, carries out required cold working, carry out the additional precipitation hardening thermal treatment described in the literary composition afterwards, the while is not got rid of and carries out cold-rolling treatment separately.

It is generally acknowledged the Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy of many other the non-precipitation hardenable of alloy C and D representative, these alloys can be described as those usually to have, by weight:＞18% nickel,＞14% chromium, the molybdenum of 0.1-10%, titanium, vanadium, aluminium, cobalt, niobium, in tantalum or the copper one of at least, the iron Fe and the incidental impurities of surplus, the alloy A and the B that particularly ought drop on the compositing range of these alloys have, by weight: the nickel of 24-55%, the chromium of 13.5-21%, the molybdenum of 1-3.3%, the copper of 0-.15%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-2%, the titanium of 0.65-2.3%, the aluminium of 0-0.8%, the vanadium of 0-.5%, the boron of 0.001-0.01%, the cobalt of 0-1%, the niobium of 0-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.It is generally acknowledged that under up to about 1000 temperature, these alloys present global function and recover and whole basically residual stresss.Though the effectiveness of precipitation hardening can change based on above-mentioned alloy composition, it is generally acknowledged that these alloys are precipitation hardenable alloy.Therefore, preferably before press grain forming, come the sheet material of alloy D is carried out the processing described in the literary composition, carry out required cold working, carry out the additional precipitation hardening thermal treatment described in the literary composition afterwards, do not get rid of simultaneously and carry out cold-rolling treatment separately by cold rolling.

The additional evidence that the global function that Fig. 5 provides Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy packing ring of the present invention to be presented is recovered.The test sample book of above-mentioned alloy A-D is carried out the test of high temperature, constant load, shown in be fixed in the test fixture under the temperature, these anchor clamps are suitable for keeping the constant load of similar its preloading.Because this constant load feature, this be to the recovery feature of alloy of the present invention carry out than the more strict test of test that is presented among the above and Fig. 5.This shows that under more strict test condition, this alloy presents global function recovery and whole basically residual stresss equally under up to 1000 temperature.

Compare with the pre-cold rolling and embossing state of this material, seal bead or embossing 18 cold rolling or that embossing obtains are work hardening, and this is to be confirmed by the directivity crystalline-granular texture of tinsel beading, roughly as shown in Figure 6.Microtexture confirms that the microtexture of alloy of the present invention is difference with the difference of cold hardening degree, and for example, the directivity crystalline-granular texture that alloy presented of precipitation hardening is less than the alloy that does not have precipitation hardening after the cold working.But alloy of the present invention should present the residual cold work and the microtexture evidence of embossing postheat treatment not.

In case form beading 18, preferably at least one metal level 12 is not heat-treated or processing further, but under specific situation, can further harden, for example by carrying out any additional precipitation hardening thermal treatment to beading 18.In any case, be fit under the situation packing ring 10 to be carried out any back embossing thermal treatment or other processing, with keep in cold working or the precipitation hardening at least a portion or above-mentioned both, tensile strength, flexibility and the high temperature restorability described in the literary composition is consistent with keeping.In other words, when forming beading 18, beading 18 reaches its final strength and hardness, in case and beading 18 shapings, what promptly need not to make again change or strengthen these intensity or hardness, comprise back embossing thermal treatment.

With reference to figure 7, embossing packing ring of the present invention can be made by a method, and this method comprises the steps: to form Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy annealed sheet; The distortion sheet that makes this annealed sheet distortion have the microtexture of distortion with formation; And, form packing ring by this distortion sheet with at least one embossing seal bead; This embossing seal bead in its joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals, and has substantially global function and recovers and whole basically residual stresss under up to about 1000 temperature.Certainly, present method can comprise the step 100 that forms the Fe-Ni-Cr-gasket materials melt that is fit to.Then, be solidified into plate or be solidified into strand, in intermediate steps, form the melt of this alloy by continuous casting.Subsequently, by hot-rolled step 200, this plate or base are configured as one or more continuous coiled materials of this material.Generally, through the thickness of hot rolled material in about 0.18-0.25 inch scope.Then, usually to this through the hot rolled material step 300 that eliminates rust, to remove oxidation and other surface impurities that hot rolling brings.Next, usually the material after the rust cleaning is carried out cold rolling step 400, make it reach interior thickness, thereby avoid the overvulcanization material to make it in follow-up packing ring is handled, become too fragile.The step that generally comprises process annealing 500 after this step is to remove by the cold rolling cold worked signal portion that carries out.Generally cold rolling step 400 and process annealing step 500 are repeated at least once, to obtain gasket sheet material desired size or original depth.In case reach its desired size, be about to sheet material of the present invention and carry out cold rolling 600 and obtain required spacer thickness T.Preferably, to thickness T, its value is about 10-70% of the original thickness of annealing original material with pad cold rolling 600, and more preferably, cold rolling reduction is the reduction of about 30-40% of original thickness.Therefore, deforming step can comprise that annealed sheet is carried out cold rolling 600 produces cold rolling microtexture, and the deformation extent of this microtexture changes with the variation of the per-cent of the cold rolling reduction with minimum value described herein and scope.

The inventive method optionally comprises provides precipitation hardening heat treated step 700, and order is through the also precipitated sclerosis of microtexture of cold rolling step 600 distortion.For given alloy, distortion and through the hardness of the microtexture of precipitation hardening hardness greater than the microtexture of distortion.Precipitation hardening thermal treatment can be carried out under about 1200-1350 temperature.

Subsequently, to through cold rolling Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy material, perhaps alternatively,, carry out the embossing step 800 described in the literary composition, to form at least one embossing to through cold rolling and alloy material precipitation hardening.

Method of the present invention also optionally comprises the step 900 that adopts heat resisting gasket coating coating packing ring, to generate the coating packing ring.Described packing ring coating (figure do not show) can comprise chemical exfoliated vermiculite, and wherein weight percent is that the thickness of 90% vermiculite is less than or equal to 30 microns at least, and does not have size greater than 1 millimeter vermiculite; The heat-resisting high temperature organic resin that reaches 300 degrees centigrade at least; Auxiliary inorganic resin; And laminal filler, as United States Patent (USP) the 7th, 135, described in No. 519.Surprisingly, this packing ring coated material is equally applicable in the higher temperature range of operation of packing ring of the present invention 10.

The present invention provides sealing enhancement type coating for the part of packing ring or packing ring, wherein, this coating comprises the platy shaped particle of chemically expansible vermiculite, in these particles, at least weight percent is that 90% particulate thickness is no more than 30 microns, and do not have size greater than 1 millimeter vermiculite, it is the coating of 10-90% that these particles form weight percents, and it is 50-10%, the heat-resisting organic polymer binder that reaches 300 degrees centigrade at least that this coating also comprises weight percent.

For realizing this purpose, if when the organic polymer tackiness agent be configured as thickness be 1mm or less than the film of 1mm and in atmosphere the heating 24 hours, not do not decompose or decompose and stay weight percent and be at least 20% film, think that then this organic polymer binder is heat-resisting to specified temp.

The coating of the type has improved the sealing property of the embossing packing ring that bears the temperature up to 1000 in the use, for example the exhaust packing ring of oil engine.Preferably according to the thickness of coating of the present invention less than 100 microns, be more preferably less than 80 microns, most preferably be the 50-75 micron.

Before embossing, sheet material presents distinguished through work hardening, cold rolling microtexture, and wherein, the grain orientation of extension is parallel to cold rolling direction.After should adding the embossing step, seal bead 18 further processed sclerosis can present the relevant additional grain orientation of distortion that is produced with the embossing step of seal bead 18 equally.The embossing direction that depends on relevant cold rolling direction, the microtexture of seal bead can present on the cold rolling direction additional grain orientation or with the embossing direction but not the relevant direction of cold rolling direction.In any case, to compare with the pre-cold rolling or embossing state of material, seal bead 18 can further present directed grain orientation, perhaps other evidences of the increase of well-known this material in metallurgy field distortion.After cold rolling, can present less directed crystalline-granular texture through heat treated those materials of precipitation hardening, but compare with the microtexture of packing ring 10 other parts, based on the evidence of the microtexture of the distortion relevant with the seal bead 18 of embossing, should the embossing thermal treatment of unnecessary back.

In case form seal bead 18, at least one metal level 12 is not heat-treated or is further processed in the mode that is fit to further sclerosis seal bead 18.In other words, seal bead 18 when forming, reach its final intensity and hardness, in case and seal bead 18 form, then do not make what change with further reinforcement they, comprise back embossing thermal treatment.

Compare with the metal washer that adopts existing metal washer material manufacturing, the invention has the advantages that the improvement that recovers on the washer height makes packing ring of the present invention can adopt less layer to realize same sealing effectiveness.

Clearly, can make various changes and modification to the present invention according to above description.Therefore, be appreciated that the present invention can adopt other modes to implement in any claims scope of finally obtaining the authorization, and be not limited to the specific embodiment described in the above-mentioned specification sheets.

Claims

1, a kind of metal washer, comprise washer plate with at least one embossing seal bead of making by alloy, described alloy comprises, by weight: nickel greater than 18%, chromium greater than 14%, at least one element of from the group that constitutes by molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, aluminium, cobalt, niobium, tantalum and copper, selecting of 0.1-10%; And the iron of surplus substantially; Described washer plate has the microtexture of distortion, and under up to about 1000 operating temperature, described embossing seal bead has a large amount of residual stresss greater than critical residual stress in the joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals.

2, packing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that, under up to about 1000 operating temperature, described embossing seal bead has whole substantially residual stresss in the joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals.

3, packing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the microtexture of described distortion is cold rolling microtexture, and its deformation extent changes with the per-cent of cold rolling reduction.

4, packing ring according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the scope of the per-cent of described cold rolling reduction is 10%-70%.

5, packing ring according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the scope of the per-cent of described cold rolling reduction is 30-40%.

6, packing ring according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the microtexture of described distortion further comprises the microtexture of distortion and precipitation hardening, and wherein, the hardness of the microtexture of this distortion and precipitation hardening is greater than the hardness of the microtexture of described distortion.

7, packing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 18-28%, the chromium of 18-23%, the molybdenum of 0-8%, the copper of 0-1.5%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-3%, the titanium of 0-0.6%, the aluminium of 0-0.6%, the carbon of 0-0.8%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.03%, the nitrogen of 0-0.4% and the iron of surplus substantially.

8, packing ring according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 18-22%, the chromium of 18-22%, the copper of 0-0.75%, the silicon of 0-1.00%, the manganese of 0-1.00%, the titanium of 0-0.60%, the aluminium of 0-0.60%, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

9, packing ring according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 26.0-28.0%, the chromium of 20.5-23.0%, the molybdenum of 6.50-8.00%, the copper of 0.50-1.50%, the silicon of 0-0.50%, the manganese of 0-3.00%, the carbon of 0-0.20%, the sulphur of 0-0.1%, the phosphorus of 0-0.03%, the nitrogen of 0.30-0.40 and the iron of surplus substantially.

10, packing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 24-55%, the chromium of 13.5-21%, the molybdenum of 1-3.3%, the copper of 0-0.15%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-2%, the titanium of 0.65-2.3%, the aluminium of 0-0.8%, the vanadium of 0-0.5%, the boron of 0.001-0.01%, the cobalt of 0-1.0%, the niobium of 4.75-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

11, packing ring according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 24.00-27.00%, the chromium of 13.5-16.00%, the molybdenum of 1.00-1.50%, the silicon of 0-1.00%, the manganese of 0-2.00%, the titanium of 1.90-2.30%, the aluminium of 0-0.35%, the vanadium of 0.10-0.50%, the boron of 0.003-0.010%, the carbon of 0-0.08% and the iron of surplus substantially.

12, packing ring according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 50.00-55.00%, the chromium of 17.00-21.00%, the molybdenum of 2.80-3.30%, the copper of 0-0.15, the silicon of 0-0.35%, the manganese of 0-0.35%, the titanium of 0.65-1.15%, the aluminium of 0.35-0.80%, the boron of 0.001-0.006%, the cobalt of 0-1.00%, the niobium of 4.75-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

13, a kind of metal washer comprises the washer plate with at least one embossing seal bead of being made by the Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy; Under up to about 1000 operating temperature, described embossing seal bead has a large amount of residual stresss greater than critical residual stress in the joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals.

14, metal washer according to claim 13 is characterized in that, under up to about 1000 operating temperature, described embossing seal bead has whole substantially residual stresss in the joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals.

15, metal washer according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy comprises, by weight: nickel greater than 18%, chromium greater than 13.5%, at least one element of from the group that constitutes by molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, aluminium, cobalt, niobium, tantalum and copper, selecting of 0.1-10% and the iron of surplus substantially.

16, metal washer according to claim 15 is characterized in that, described Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 18-28%, the chromium of 18-23%, the molybdenum of 0-8%, the copper of 0-1.5%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-3%, the titanium of 0-0.6%, the aluminium of 0-0.6%, the carbon of 0-0.8%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.03%, the nitrogen of 0-0.4% and the iron of surplus substantially.

17, metal washer according to claim 15 is characterized in that, described Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 24-55%, the chromium of 13.5-21%, the molybdenum of 1-3.3%, the copper of 0-0.15%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-2%, the titanium of 0.65-2.3%, the aluminium of 0-0.8%, the vanadium of 0-0.5%, the boron of 0.001-0.01%, the cobalt of 0-1.0%, the niobium of 4.75-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

18, metal washer according to claim 15, it is characterized in that, described Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 50.00-55.00%, the chromium of 17.00-21.00%, the molybdenum of 2.80-3.30%, the copper of 0-0.15, the silicon of 0-0.35%, the manganese of 0-0.35%, the titanium of 0.65-1.15%, the aluminium of 0.35-0.80%, the boron of 0.001-0.006%, the cobalt of 0-1.00%, the niobium of 4.75-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

19, a kind of method of making embossed metal gaskets comprises the following steps:

Form the annealed sheet of Fe-Ni-Cr-alloy;

Make described annealed sheet produce the distortion sheet that distortion has the microtexture of distortion with formation; And

Form packing ring by described distortion sheet with at least one embossing seal bead; Under up to about 1000 operating temperature, described embossing seal bead has the residual stress greater than critical residual stress in the joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals.

20, method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, under up to about 1000 operating temperature, described embossing seal bead has whole substantially residual stresss in the joint effective seal that clamps fully, seals.

21, method according to claim 19, it is characterized in that, the described step that makes described annealed sheet produce distortion comprises: cold rolling described annealed sheet is to produce cold rolling microtexture, and the deformation extent of this cold rolling microtexture changes with the per-cent of cold rolling reduction.

22, method according to claim 21 is characterized in that, the scope of the per-cent of described cold rolling reduction is 10%-70%.

23, method according to claim 21 is characterized in that, the scope of the per-cent of described cold rolling reduction is 30-40%.

24, method according to claim 21 is characterized in that, the deformation extent that the described step that makes described annealed sheet produce distortion produces is enough to provide for described distortion sheet the stretch percentage elongation of about 6-25% on the cold rolling direction.

25, method according to claim 24 is characterized in that, the deformation extent that the described step that makes described annealed sheet produce distortion produces is enough to provide for described distortion sheet the stretch percentage elongation of about 7-10% on the cold rolling direction.

26, method according to claim 20, it is characterized in that described alloy comprises, by weight: nickel greater than 18%, chromium greater than 14%, 0.1-10% selects at least one element and the iron of surplus substantially from the group that is made of molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, aluminium, cobalt, niobium, tantalum and copper.

27, method according to claim 26 is characterized in that, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 24-55%, the chromium of 13.5-21%, the molybdenum of 1-3.3%, the copper of 0-0.15%, the silicon of 0-1%, the manganese of 0-2%, the titanium of 0.65-2.3%, the aluminium of 0-0.8%, the vanadium of 0-0.5%, the boron of 0.001-0.01%, the cobalt of 0-1.0%, the niobium of 4.75-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

28, method according to claim 26, it is characterized in that, described alloy comprises, by weight: the nickel of 50.00-55.00%, the chromium of 17.00-21.00%, the molybdenum of 2.80-3.30%, the copper of 0-0.15, the silicon of 0-0.35%, the manganese of 0-0.35%, the titanium of 0.65-1.15%, the aluminium of 0.35-0.80%, the boron of 0.001-0.006%, the cobalt of 0-1.00%, the niobium of 4.75-5.5% or the total amount of tantalum, the carbon of 0-0.08%, the sulphur of 0-0.015%, the phosphorus of 0-0.015% and the iron of surplus substantially.

29, method according to claim 19, it is characterized in that, further comprise and provide precipitation hardening heat treated step, wherein, the microtexture of described generation distortion further comprises the microtexture that produces distortion and precipitation hardening, and the hardness of the microtexture of this generation distortion and precipitation hardening is greater than the hardness of the microtexture of described generation distortion.

30, method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, comprises that further step employing refractory coating applies the step of described packing ring.

31, method according to claim 30 is characterized in that, described refractory coating comprises:

The chemistry exfoliated vermiculite, wherein, weight percent is that the thickness of 90% vermiculite is less than or equal to 30 microns at least, and does not have size greater than 1 millimeter vermiculite;

The heat-resisting high temperature organic resin that reaches 300 degrees centigrade at least;

Auxiliary inorganic resin; And

Laminal filler.