CN101676637A - Air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system applicable to rail transportation base - Google Patents
Air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system applicable to rail transportation base Download PDFInfo
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- CN101676637A CN101676637A CN 200810200110 CN200810200110A CN101676637A CN 101676637 A CN101676637 A CN 101676637A CN 200810200110 CN200810200110 CN 200810200110 CN 200810200110 A CN200810200110 A CN 200810200110A CN 101676637 A CN101676637 A CN 101676637A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system applicable to a rail transportation base. The system comprises a hot water storage tank (2), a solar heat collectorarray (1) connected with the hot water storage tank (2), an air source heat pump (4), and a buffering hot water tank (3) which is serially connected between the hot water storage tank (2) and a user,wherein the air source heat pump (4) is connected with the buffering hot water tank (3). The solar water heating system has the advantages of improving the utilization ratio of solar energy, saving energy consumption, and ensuring that hot water supply can fulfill requirement at any time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to track traffic field of energy-saving technology and solar energy utilization technique field, relate in particular to the heat pump assisted solar water heating system under the rail transport vehicle base dynamic hot water demand.
Background technology
The aggravation of the in short supply and greenhouse effects of global fossil energy has brought a lot of burdens for environment and social development, as reply, and the exploitation of regenerative resource such as solar energy in recent years and utilize development rapidly.In building energy consumption constituted, hot water used the energy consumption that causes to account for about 30%, and adopted solar water heating system can make the hot water energy consumption be reduced to previous about 30%～70%.Though solar water heating system has so energy-saving potential, also there are some problems simultaneously in it.Solar water heater is a thermal source with solar energy, and solar energy has very strong mobility, can effectively work under night or the rainy weather.Therefore, although the popularity rate of solar water heater in dwelling house is higher, in other occasions, because heat stability is had relatively high expectations, independently solar water heating system is uncommon, but with other auxiliary thermal source Collaboration, comprise electrical heating, gas fired-boiler and air source heat pump etc.Studies show that under the present circumstances, compare with the auxiliary heating of other several types to have advantage aspect the economy and the efficiency of heating surface during air source heat pump system output domestic hot-water, its application scenario and time are also unrestricted simultaneously.Therefore the auxiliary solar water heating system of heat pump has had many designs and application, has provided the auxiliary heating solar hot water facility of a kind of air source heat pump such as the patent of application number CN200720081186.3.This equipment employing air source heat pump further adds the hot water in the hot-air solar thermal collector boiler, reaches the hot water temperature of demand.This air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system and other be device or system similarly, towards object all based on family, be applicable to the hot water demand of single a small amount of, and unsatisfactory in the effect of other application scenarios.
For track traffic railcar base, its requirement to hot water has a lot of own characteristics: the one, and hot water demand's time is long, and the vehicle maintenance job requirement all had sufficient work hot water and bath hot water in one day 24 hours; The 2nd, the dynamic of hot water consumption is strong, and the bigger randomness of this and vehicle maintenance work self is relevant, and is little when big during the hot water consumption; The 3rd, the hot water consumption is big, and this is determined by the vehicle maintenance work characteristics.At above these characteristics, the hot-water heating system in the base of vehicle and general solar water heating system be difference to some extent structurally, the characteristics decision systems that hot water amount's demand is big should be able to make full use of solar energy to obtain higher energy-conservation and economic benefit, and hot water demand's continuation and dynamic require the auxiliary thermal source of system to have reaction speed and flexibility faster again.
How designing a kind of air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system that is applicable to rail transportation base that can effectively satisfy the demand is the problem that the technical staff will solve.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention have provided a kind of air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system that is applicable to rail transportation base, are intended to solve the above problems.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention includes: a hot water storage tank, a solar thermal collector array that connects hot water storage tank; Also comprise: an air source heat pump, a buffering boiler that is serially connected between hot water storage tank and the user; Described air source heat pump joins with the buffering boiler.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can improve solar energy utilization ratio, energy savings consumption, and guarantee that at any time the hot water supply can satisfy the demands.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a solar thermal collector array schematic diagram among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a single solar thermal collector structural representation among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a middle buffering boiler structural representation among Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
As seen from Figure 1: the present invention includes: 2, one solar thermal collector arrays 1 that connect hot water storage tank 2 of a hot water storage tank; Also comprise: 4, one of air source heat pump is serially connected in the buffering boiler 3 between hot water storage tank 2 and the user; Described air source heat pump 4 joins with buffering boiler 3;
In solar thermal collector array 1, hot water storage tank 2 and buffering boiler 3, settle a temperature sensor (not shown) that connects Surveillance center respectively;
The described temperature sensor that is placed in the solar thermal collector array 1 is to be arranged in and the immediate water tank of solar thermal collector array 1 outlet; The described temperature sensor that is placed in the hot water storage tank 2 is to be positioned at hot water storage tank top, under the liquid level near the liquid level place; The described temperature sensor that is placed in the buffering boiler 3 is at buffering boiler middle part;
Described solar thermal collector array 1 is flat plate collector or vacuum tube collector;
Be being connected of described solar thermal collector array 1 and hot water storage tank 2 to connect by the heat-collecting pump on the pipeline 5; Described heat-collecting pump 5 is between hot water storage tank 2 lower part outlets and solar thermal collector array 1;
Described hot water storage tank 2 is connected with buffering boiler 3 by connecting a communicating pipe 6; The end that described communicating pipe 6 links to each other with hot water storage tank 2 is lower than an end that links to each other with buffering boiler 3;
Described hot water storage tank 2 is identical with the liquid level of buffering boiler 3.
Cardinal principle of the present invention is to collect as much as possible by solar thermal collector and large-scale hot water storage tank to utilize free, clean solar, and energy is renewed in hot water storage tank.Because solar energy is inscribed the intensity difference in different weather, when different, so also difference to some extent of its heat capacity, in order to guarantee that solar energy can both be fully utilized under strong solar irradiation and weak solar irradiation weather, the regenerative capacity of hot water storage tank is relatively large.So in the system of long-term operation continuously, wherein the temperature of hot water storage tank can not satisfy user demand under the most of the time.For this reason, be provided with an air source heat pump among the present invention and come auxiliary heat supplying, guarantee terminal hot water temperature.Under solar energy heating and the heat pump united operating mode, the duty of the two need be coordinated.Because solar water is free at run duration basically, heat-pump hot-water then needs in the certain electric energy of heat production ratio consumption, so during cooperation, should be auxilliary based on solar energy, heat pump, just can have higher economic well-being of workers and staff and energy-saving effect.Yet, the most of the time in system's operation is mentioned in the front, depend merely on solar thermal collector and can not guarantee the hot water temperature, so need follow two principles as the operation of auxiliary air source heat pump: the first opening time will be lacked, and guarantees the main load of solar energy burden as far as possible; It two is to guarantee that system's leaving water temperature satisfies terminal demand.Above-mentioned two principle has certain contradiction when actual motion, because solar energy is a process of carrying out gradually to the heating of hot water storage tank, if air source heat pump guarantees the temperature of hot water storage tank at any time and reaches instructions for use, then in the strong moment of irradiation such as fine noons, because getting hot the raising greatly, solar energy cause the temperature of hot water storage tank too high, so not only heat is leaked in system increases, and too high hot water temperature can reduce the collecting efficiency of solar thermal collector, the availability of solar energy has been lowered in this case in other words, under the suitable situation of total heating demand, the electric weight of corresponding heat pump consumption has just increased, and has reduced the economy and the energy-saving effect of system.In the solar water heating system of this scale, variation for intensity of solar radiation at present can't give also to predict comparatively accurately that the scheme that the method that adopts feed forward prediction to control is in other words controlled operation of heat pump is being unpractical aspect complexity and the feasibility.At this situation, the present invention has adopted the buffering boiler that is connected in the system to deal with.The buffering boiler is connected between hot water storage tank and the user, and the relative hot water storage tank of capacity is much smaller, under the liquid level of water tank, is provided with spiral coil, as the condenser of net for air-source heat pump units.When the temperature of buffering boiler was lower than terminal demand temperature, source pump brought into operation, and heated hot water in the buffering boiler rapidly by condenser coil, till reaching design temperature.Buffer tank links to each other with hot water storage tank by a connecting pipe, and after the hot water of buffering boiler was consumed, according to law of connected vessels, the hot water in the hot water storage tank can enter the buffering boiler from this unicom pipeline used up hot water is replenished.So, when solar energy heating efficient and availability were all higher, terminal hot water temperature also was guaranteed.
Solar thermal collector can adopt the heat collector of flat plate collector or vacuum tube collector or other types.Actual which kind of heat collector that should adopt need be according to system scale, instructions for use and local climate decision.Generally speaking, the heat collector form that is fit to for this systematic comparison is a flat plate collector.Because the temperature of hot water storage tank is lower, this moment, flat plate collector generally had higher efficient than other forms of heat collectors such as vacuum tubes.According to system's design heating load, collector array is set at roof or other open fields.The general area of rail transport vehicle base is big and based on low-rise building, places collector array so have enough spaces.Collector array is made up of according to certain series, parallel form some independently heat collectors.Each heat collector top self has independent little water tank, and the inner along continuous straight runs of water tank is furnished with the spirality heat exchange coil.Adopt after the heat exchange coil, heat collector has just become independently two circulations with water tank, and the working medium of heat collector inside can also adopt other anti-icing fluid except water like this, and can guarantee in the winter time also can trouble-free operation.
The heat exchange coil of heat collector water tank inside leads to described hot water storage tank, drives inner loop by a thermal-arrest water pump.Fully to absorb solar energy, hot water storage tank leads to a pair of import and export of collector array to the capacity of hot water storage tank, lays respectively at the water tank upper and lower part more greatly.Hot water in the water tank flows to collector array by lower part outlet, and flows back to by top outlet, and like this because the lamination of water tank, the energy heat exchange is more abundant after being positioned at low slightly cold of water tank temperature of lower and entering collector array.The operation of the heat-collecting pump in this closed circuit is regulated by monitoring system.Hot water storage tank inside is furnished with water charging system, and such as the hutch water device of ball-cock assembly hutch water device or other types, water charging system has been kept the reservoir storage of hot water storage tank inside.Have insulation construction around the hot water storage tank container and scatter and disappear to cut down heat, insulation construction can be macromolecular material heat insulation layer or the other forms of heat zone of using always.Hot water storage tank highly locates to stretch out a cross over pipe near half, and the other end links to each other with the buffering boiler.This cross over pipe need be in tilted layout, and an end that is positioned at the hot water storage tank side is on the low side, and the other end that is positioned at buffering boiler side is higher.According to the relation of fluid temperature (F.T.) and density, adopt the cross over pipe of this inclination, can prevent to cushion the higher hot water of temperature in the boiler and flow in the hot water that temperature is lower in the hot water storage tank, thereby guarantee that buffering boiler temperature is higher all the time.
Buffering boiler inside vertically is mounted with the spirality heat exchange coil, as the condenser of air source heat pump.This condenser links to each other with the air source heat pump main frame by pipeline.Respectively there is an outlet upper and lower at the buffering boiler, and the cycle fluid in the heat pump flows into the condenser that cushions the boiler from the outlet of water tank upper, and then gets back to the heat pump main frame from lower part outlet.Buffer tank is to use terminal outlet by hot water near the place on top, and when hot water was consumed, the hot water in the hot water storage tank replenished into by cross over pipe, keeps the stable level in the buffering boiler.Between this outlet and the condenser coil, separated, be sent to hot water and can flow through whole heat exchange coil before using end and fully heated leaving the buffering boiler with the water that guarantees to flow into the buffering boiler from hot water storage tank by vertical clapboard.Also needing to be incubated processing, insulation construction around the buffering boiler can be macromolecular material heat insulation layer or the other forms of heat zone of using always.
Monitoring system comprises temperature sensor and controller, by the temperature of heat collector, hot water storage tank and buffering boiler in the surveillance, determines the method for operation of system, regulates the operation of heat-collecting pump and air source heat pump then.Wherein the temperature sensor in the heat collector is arranged in the water tank that exports immediate heat collector with collector array.Temperature sensor in the hot water storage tank is positioned at hot water storage tank top, under the liquid level near the liquid level place.Temperature sensor in the buffering boiler is positioned at buffering boiler middle part.Temperature signal is sent to the control core, and the control core can be single-chip microcomputer, PLC or computer etc.The control core is determined the running status of system according to being programmed in inner control program and the temperature signal that receives, and regulates the operation of heat-collecting pump and air source heat pump then.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention mainly comprises solar thermal collector array 1, hot water storage tank 2, buffering boiler 3 and air source heat pump more than 4 parts.Link to each other by pipeline between solar thermal collector array 1 and the hot water storage tank 2, be in series with heat-collecting pump 5 on the pipeline.When heat-collecting pump 5 operation, the current in the hot water storage tank 2 are through being arranged in the heat exchange coil of collector array, thus the hot water of heating hot water storage tank 2 inside.Hot water storage tank 2 with the buffering boiler 3 between by the inclination communicating pipes 6 road link to each other.These, road was unified into a linker with hot water storage tank 2 and buffering boiler 3 communicating pipes 6, can be replenished from hot water storage tank 2 after making hot water in buffering boiler 3 be consumed, and kept the hot water capacity in the buffering boiler 3.The condenser coil of air source heat pump 4 is built in the buffering boiler 3, when air source heat pump 4 operations, can heat the hot water of buffering boiler 3 rapidly, satisfies hot water terminal temperature demand.
The concrete configuration of the solar thermal collector array 1 among the present invention is made up of by certain series, parallel mode some independent heat collectors as shown in Figure 2.Solar water heating system for continuous operation, the series, parallel form of collector array is little to the influence of collecting efficiency, and significant feature is exactly to make the total flow of collector array and the pressure loss to be complementary with the metered flow and the pressure head of heat-collecting pump 5 by rational series, parallel mode.
Wherein as the single heat collector of the basic composition unit of collector array 1, the structure of an one example mainly is made up of a flat plate collector main body and a heat collector water storage box 10 that has spirality heat exchange coil 11 being positioned at its top as shown in Figure 3.The flat plate collector main body is identical with at present common flat plate collector, mainly is made up of absorber plate 7, heat absorbing coating 8, working medium flow channel 9, glass cover-plate, heat-insulation layer, housing and support.The runner direction that wherein is positioned at the thermal-arrest working medium on the absorber plate is for from top to bottom, and along continuous straight runs by parallel way be arranged in the thermal-arrest plate on.Thermal-arrest working medium runner top and bottom import house steward separately respectively, upper end house steward 13 inserts the top of heat collector water tank, lower end house steward 12 inserts the bottom of heat collector water tank, like this when heat collector is accepted solar irradiation, be heated in the runner on the water inflow thermal-arrest plate that the density contrast of water driving heat collector water tank temperature of lower is lower under the different temperatures, flow back to the heat collector water tank upper then, from but overall water temperature in the heat collection water tank get a promotion.The inner along continuous straight runs of the heat collector water tank spirality heat exchange coil of having arranged, under the driving of heat-collecting pump 5, water in the hot water storage tank 2 imports and exports 14 and 15 through the heat collector water tank, flows through from spirality heat exchange coil 11 inside, is heated by the hot water in the heat collector water storage box 10.
As another example of the present invention, the single heat collector of forming collector array 1 also can be other forms of heat collectors such as vacuum tube collector.
Hot water storage tank 2 among the present invention is for having the big capacity tank of insulation.Water tank inside is provided with hutch water device, keeps liquid level in the water tank.Hutch water device can be ball-cock assembly hutch water device or the other forms of hutch water devices such as magnetic valve that have liquid level sensor.Hot water storage tank 2 leads to the pipeline of collector array, and its import and outlet lay respectively at the upper and lower of hot water storage tank 2, and the water that temperature of lower is lower in the water tank flows out from lower part outlet, enters collector array and is heated, and then flow back to from upper entrance.
The concrete structure of the buffering boiler 3 among the present invention as shown in Figure 4.The capacity of buffering boiler 3 is less, is complementary with the heat capacity with air source heat pump 4.Buffering boiler 3 is separated into small one and large one two parts by dividing plate 17.A bigger side inside has an immersion spirality heat exchange coil 16, is the condenser of air source heat pump 4.The pipeline that leads to air source heat pump 4 units respectively has an outlet in the upper and lower of buffering boiler 3, work working medium in air source heat pump 4 units flows into condenser from upper inlet 19, flow out via lower part outlet 20 after the hot water in the heating buffering boiler 3, get back to air source heat pump 4 units.In the middle and upper part of buffering boiler 3 these sides, have an outlet 21, lead to hot water and use terminal.Buffering boiler 3 is used as the runner of the hot water that replenishes into from hot water storage tank 2 by the less part that dividing plate is divided into.Dividing plate is fixing on the vertical walls of buffering boiler 3, and all is not tightly connected with at the bottom of top cover that cushions boiler 3 or the case.Like this, hot water in slow boiler is sent to when using end, according to law of connected vessels, hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 flows into the less part that buffering boiler 3 median septums 17 are separated out by tilt communicating pipe 6 and buffering boiler moisturizing inlet 18, further flow to the passage that water tank bottom passes the dividing plate below then, then rise and fully heated, flow out from the outlet of this side middle and upper part at last, be sent to hot water and use terminal along the condenser coil direction.
Claims (7)
1. an air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system that is applicable to rail transportation base comprises: a hot water storage tank (2), a solar thermal collector array (1) that connects hot water storage tank (2); It is characterized in that also comprising: an air source heat pump (4), a buffering boiler (3) that is serially connected between hot water storage tank (2) and the user; Described air source heat pump (4) joins with buffering boiler (3).
2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: settle a temperature sensor that connects Surveillance center in solar thermal collector array (1), hot water storage tank (2) and buffering boiler (3) respectively.
3. system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the described temperature sensor that is placed in the solar thermal collector array (1) is to be arranged in and the immediate water tank of solar thermal collector array (1) outlet; The described temperature sensor that is placed in the hot water storage tank (2) is to be positioned at hot water storage tank top, under the liquid level near the liquid level place; The described temperature sensor that is placed in the buffering boiler (3) is at buffering boiler middle part.
4. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described solar thermal collector array (1) is flat plate collector or vacuum tube collector.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described systems, it is characterized in that: described solar thermal collector array (1) is to connect by the heat-collecting pump (5) on the pipeline with being connected of hot water storage tank (2); Described heat-collecting pump (5) is between hot water storage tank (2) lower part outlet and solar thermal collector array (1).
6. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described hot water storage tank (2) is connected by connecting a communicating pipe (6) with buffering boiler (3); The end that described communicating pipe (6) links to each other with hot water storage tank (2) is lower than an end that links to each other with buffering boiler (3).
7. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described hot water storage tank (2) is identical with the liquid level of buffering boiler (3).
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| CN 200810200110 CN101676637B (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2008-09-19 | Air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system applicable to rail transportation base |
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| CN 200810200110 CN101676637B (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2008-09-19 | Air source heat pump assisted solar water heating system applicable to rail transportation base |
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| CN101676637A true CN101676637A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102338433A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-01 | 浙江耀能科技有限公司 | Reservoir structure for storing energy by utilizing off-peak electricity |
| CN102538065A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 东莞市盈信节能投资有限公司 | Method for making hot water by adopting solar energy and air source and hot-water making system |
| CN103267365A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-08-28 | 上海理工大学 | Combined hot water making system |
| CN105004067A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-28 | 福建省第五建筑工程公司 | Heating system making use of both solar energy and air source |
| CN105571125A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-11 | 王建洲 | Train air energy water heater unit plant and installation method for guaranteeing driving safety through same |
| CN111911994A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-11-10 | 山东毫瓦特新能源有限公司 | Solar energy heat collecting and distributing system |
| CN114135922A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-04 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Hot water system and control method thereof |
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| US4527618A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-07-09 | Solar Decisions, Inc. | Solar energy storage and distribution system with heat pump assist |
| CN201032223Y (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-03-05 | 潘戈 | Hot-water apparatus of solar energy-heat pump classified heating type energy conservation |
| CN200996728Y (en) * | 2006-12-31 | 2007-12-26 | 河源市鼎鸿热能科技有限公司 | Solar economizing hot-water system with air-energy function |
| CN100570223C (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-12-16 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of multi-water tanks solar energy-heat pump composite hot-water system |
| CN201293395Y (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2009-08-19 | 上海申通轨道交通研究咨询有限公司 | Air source heat pump auxiliary solar water heating system suitable for rail traffic base |
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| CN102338433A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-01 | 浙江耀能科技有限公司 | Reservoir structure for storing energy by utilizing off-peak electricity |
| CN102538065A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 东莞市盈信节能投资有限公司 | Method for making hot water by adopting solar energy and air source and hot-water making system |
| CN102538065B (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2014-07-16 | 东莞市盈信节能投资有限公司 | Method for making hot water by adopting solar energy and air source and hot-water making system |
| CN103267365A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-08-28 | 上海理工大学 | Combined hot water making system |
| CN105004067A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-28 | 福建省第五建筑工程公司 | Heating system making use of both solar energy and air source |
| CN105571125A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-11 | 王建洲 | Train air energy water heater unit plant and installation method for guaranteeing driving safety through same |
| CN105571125B (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2018-09-14 | 广西菱缇电器设备有限公司 | Train air energy water heater monoblock and its installation method for ensureing traffic safety |
| CN111911994A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-11-10 | 山东毫瓦特新能源有限公司 | Solar energy heat collecting and distributing system |
| CN114135922A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-04 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Hot water system and control method thereof |
| CN114508873A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-17 | 青岛理工大学 | Energy system and method for utilizing seepage seawater energy and waste heat energy of submarine subway tunnel |
| CN114508873B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2024-01-12 | 青岛理工大学 | Energy system and method utilizing ocean bottom subway tunnel seepage seawater energy and waste heat energy |
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| CN101676637B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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