CN101672477B - 分段式燃烧器盖 - Google Patents

分段式燃烧器盖 Download PDF

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CN101672477B
CN101672477B CN2009101759723A CN200910175972A CN101672477B CN 101672477 B CN101672477 B CN 101672477B CN 2009101759723 A CN2009101759723 A CN 2009101759723A CN 200910175972 A CN200910175972 A CN 200910175972A CN 101672477 B CN101672477 B CN 101672477B
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CN101672477A (zh
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K·W·麦马汉
J·C·因泰尔
S·斯里尼瓦桑
S·A·斯特赖亚普宁
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002Wall structures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04Air inlet arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00017Assembling combustion chamber liners or subparts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03044Impingement cooled combustion chamber walls or subassemblies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及分段式燃烧器盖,具体而言,燃烧器盖(18)可与涡轮机燃料喷嘴内的冲击板(12)合作,并包括独立地紧固到冲击板的多个盖段(22)。多个盖段相对于冲击板可径向地和切向地移动。

Description

分段式燃烧器盖
技术领域
本发明涉及气体和液体燃料涡轮机,更具体地,涉及用于发电厂的工业燃气涡轮机中的燃烧器。 
背景技术
燃气涡轮机一般包括压缩机、一个或多个燃烧器、燃料喷射系统和涡轮。典型地,压缩机给进气加压,然后进气转向或倒流向燃烧器,在这里进气用来冷却燃烧器并向燃烧过程提供空气。在多燃烧器的涡轮机中,燃烧器位于燃气涡轮机的外围周围,并且过渡管将各个燃烧器的出口端与涡轮的入口端相连,以将燃烧过程的热产品输送给涡轮。 
这些年来,燃烧器盖组件已经从单一燃料喷嘴结构演变成具有对各燃料喷嘴或燃料喷嘴组进行独立燃料控制的干燥低NOx结构。该独立燃料控制有助于确保在整个操作范围上的稳定燃烧。盖的功能是用作在燃料和空气混合之前在下游燃烧区和上游区域之间的物理缓冲器。空气和燃料轴向地穿过各燃料喷嘴。空气也穿过盖渗出板中的多个孔,从而冷却该板。 
当前的盖设计经受热疲劳和随后的破裂,有时导致盖的片件脱落以及对热气通道的损坏。另外,这种破裂是修理成本的起源。期望的是消除渗出板的破裂,从而消除或降低盖的修理成本,并消除或降低对下游热气通道的损坏风险。另外,期望的是将盖用作共振器,从而降低燃烧运动的振幅。 
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中,燃烧器盖组件包括具有成圆形阵列布置 在中心开口周围的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口的冲击板,以及紧固到冲击板上的燃烧器盖。该燃烧器盖包括独立地紧固到冲击板上的多个盖段。多个盖段以这样的方式固定,以便允许盖段边缘可相对于冲击板径向和切向地移动。 
在另一个示例性实施例中,燃烧器盖与涡轮机燃料喷嘴中的冲击板协作,并包括独立地紧固到冲击板上的多个盖段。多个盖段可相对于冲击板径向地和切向地移动。 
在又一个示例性实施例中,燃烧器盖组件包括具有成圆形阵列布置在中心开口周围的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口的冲击板,以及紧固到冲击板上的燃烧器盖。该燃烧器盖包括与冲击板中的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口对齐的喷嘴开口。盖喷嘴开口具有延伸通过冲击板中的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口的套环(collar),其中,燃烧器盖包括独立地紧固到冲击板的多个盖段,并且多个盖段被紧固成使得盖段边缘可相对于冲击板径向地和切向地移动。该组件又包括紧固到盖喷嘴开口的套环上的连接器,将多个盖段紧固到冲击板上。将多个盖段紧固到冲击板上的连接器是多个盖段和冲击板之间仅有的刚性连接。 
附图说明
图1是分段的燃烧器盖的俯视图; 
图2是单一盖段的透视图; 
图3是盖段的截面视图; 
图4是冲击板的透视图;以及 
图5是装配在冲击板上的盖段的截面视图。 
部件列表 
  10   燃烧器盖组件
  12   冲击板
  14   初级燃料喷嘴开口
  16   中心开口
[0015] 
  18   燃烧器盖
  20   喷嘴开口
  22   盖段
  24   套环
  26   连接器
  28   凹陷或支座
  30   容积
具体实施方式
参考附图,燃烧器盖组件10包括冲击板12,该冲击板12具有以如图所示的圆形阵列布置在中心开口16周围的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口14。 
燃烧器盖18可附在冲击板12上,并包括与冲击板12中的初级燃料喷嘴开口14对齐的喷嘴开口20。在一个优选实施例中,燃烧器盖18由多个盖段22构成,盖段22在紧固到冲击板12上时优选地成形为以圆形阵列布置的弧形段。盖段22独立地紧固到冲击板12上。这使得盖段22与冲击板12保持间歇性的接触,而不约束盖段22的边缘在冲击板12的平面中径向地和切向地移动。 
具体参考图3和5,各个盖段22的喷嘴开口20包括延伸通过冲击板12中的初级燃料喷嘴开口14的套环24。套环24的整体片或延伸部分是有螺纹的,并且至少套环24的螺纹部分如图5所示延伸通过冲击板12。例如螺帽等的连接器26在套环24上是有螺纹的,以将盖段22紧固到冲击板12上。将盖段22紧固到冲击板12上的连接器26用作盖段22和冲击板12之间仅有的刚性连接。尽管在该优选实施例中,套环24的远端包括接受螺帽26的螺纹,但其它的连接器也是合适的,本发明不必意在限于图示的螺纹连接。 
各个盖段22的深度D(图3)可与冲击板12中的凹陷或支座28协作,以限定冲击板12和各个盖段22之间的容积30。容积30与冲击板12中的孔的直径及盖段18一起可用来形成声学共振器,以降低单个或多个燃烧器频率的振幅。燃烧声学不稳定性由火焰热释放和燃料 流的波动之间的附加或增强的相互作用导致。热释放波动引起燃烧器内的压力波,改变通过燃料喷嘴中的燃料流孔的压力比,引起燃料流的波动,并进一步促进热释放中的波动。共振器通过吸收这些压力波的能量而起消音器作用,因而降低压力波的振幅,并减少或消除燃料流和热释放中的波动。这就允许共振器从热释放波动中去谐或消除燃料流波动,从而抑制不稳定性。 
通过将盖组件的高温部分分段并将这些分段的流动通道片件安装到也形成冲击板的衬垫结构上,燃烧器盖组件中的热应力可大大地减少。也就是说,通过将如图所示的渗出板分段并去除边缘约束,减轻了盖内热梯度所产生的压力。减少热应力将用来减少或消除渗出板的破裂,从而降低盖的修理成本,并减少对下游热气浸浴部件的损坏风险。 
尽管已经结合目前被认为是最实用和最佳实施例描述了本发明,但应该理解的是,本发明不限于公开的实施例,相反地,本发明意图覆盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的不同修改和等价装置。 

Claims (9)

1.一种燃烧器盖组件,包括:
包括以圆形阵列布置在中心开口(16)周围的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口(14)的冲击板(12);以及
紧固到该冲击板的热侧上的燃烧器盖(18),该燃烧器盖包括独立地紧固到该冲击板上的多个盖段(22),其中,该多个盖段被固定且盖段边缘能够由于热状态而相对于该冲击板径向地和切向地移动,其中所述多个盖段(22)中的各个盖段均包括与所述冲击板(12)中的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口(14)对齐的燃料喷嘴开口(20),并且其中所述燃料喷嘴开口(20)包括能够延伸通过所述冲击板(12)中的初级燃料喷嘴开口(14)的套环(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器盖组件,其特征在于,所述燃烧器盖组件还包括能够紧固到多个盖段的每一个盖段的套环上的连接器(26)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃烧器盖组件,其特征在于,各套环(24)的远端是带螺纹的,并且其中,所述连接器(26)包括螺母。
4.根据权利要求2所述的燃烧器盖组件,其特征在于,能够紧固到多个盖段(22)中的每一个盖段的套环上的连接器(26)是多个盖段和冲击板(12)之间仅有的刚性连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器盖组件,其特征在于,所述多个盖段(22)包括在紧固到所述冲击板(12)上时能够以圆形阵列布置的弧形段。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器盖组件,其特征在于,所述燃烧器盖组件还包括形成在所述冲击板(12)和多个盖段(22)中的每个盖段之间的容积(30),所述容积由所述冲击板和多个盖段的相对形状形成,所述容积限定声学共振器以降低燃烧运动的振幅。
7.一种能够与涡轮机燃料喷嘴中的冲击板(12)协作的燃烧器盖,该燃烧器盖包括能够独立地紧固到冲击板的热侧上的多个盖段(22),其中,所述多个盖段能够由于热状态而相对于所述冲击板径向地和切向地移动,其中所述多个盖段(22)中的各个盖段均包括与所述冲击板(12)中的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口(14)对齐的燃料喷嘴开口(20),并且其中所述燃料喷嘴开口(20)包括能够延伸通过所述冲击板(12)中的初级燃料喷嘴开口(14)的套环(24)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃烧器盖组件,其特征在于,所述多个盖段(22)包括在紧固到冲击板(12)时能够以圆形阵列布置的弧形段。
9.一种燃烧器盖组件,包括:
冲击板(12),其包括以阵列布置在中心开口(16)周围的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口(14);
燃烧器盖,其紧固到所述冲击板上并包括与所述冲击板中的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口对齐的燃料喷嘴开口(20),燃料喷嘴开口包括延伸通过冲击板中的多个初级燃料喷嘴开口的套环(24),其中燃烧器盖包括独立地紧固到冲击板的多个盖段(22),并且其中多个盖段被紧固,使得盖段边缘能够由于热状态而相对于所述冲击板径向地和切向地移动;以及
连接器(26),其被紧固到燃料喷嘴开口的套环上,将多个盖段紧固到所述冲击板上,其中,将多个盖段紧固到冲击板上的连接器是多个盖段和冲击板之间仅有的刚性连接。
CN2009101759723A 2008-09-11 2009-09-11 分段式燃烧器盖 Expired - Fee Related CN101672477B (zh)

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US20100058766A1 (en) 2010-03-11
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CN101672477A (zh) 2010-03-17
DE102009043894A1 (de) 2010-04-15
JP2010065996A (ja) 2010-03-25

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