CN101657634A - 用于从水流产生能量的浮动装置 - Google Patents

用于从水流产生能量的浮动装置 Download PDF

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CN101657634A
CN101657634A CN200880012157A CN200880012157A CN101657634A CN 101657634 A CN101657634 A CN 101657634A CN 200880012157 A CN200880012157 A CN 200880012157A CN 200880012157 A CN200880012157 A CN 200880012157A CN 101657634 A CN101657634 A CN 101657634A
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S·D·亨里克森
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Hydra Tidal Energy Technology AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
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    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于从水流产生能量的装置，其包括第一元件(10)、第二元件(20)和连接到第一元件的多个涡轮模块(750)。第二元件以近似垂直关系安装到第一元件上，第一元件适于浸没到水表面的下方，且当设备处于生产中时第二元件的上部在水表面上方突出。本发明还涉及用于浮动设备(10，20)的锚固装置，其包括系泊缆索(24a，24b)，系泊缆索(24a，24b)在它们相应端部之一处连接到该设备且在其相应第二端处连接到浮标(50，52)，其中系泊缆索(24a，24b)在该设备与相应浮标之间基本上水平地延伸。

Description

用于从水流产生能量的浮动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于从水流产生能量的装置，如在所附权利要求1和6中的介绍中所陈述。该设备利用在海洋、湖泊、江河或其它水体的表面下方的水流。这样的水流可例如由洋流、潮汐变化(tidalvariation)和/或水下地形(例如，海峡、河床或其它水下窄通道)形成。
背景技术
存在多种已知的用于从洋流产生能量的装置和方法。
挪威专利申请第1999 1984号描述了一种用于从海洋和江河水流产生电能的设备。该设备整个地位于水表面下方且包括若干带有叶片的涡轮，支承系统、拉索系统(guy system)和发电机。涡轮轴杆取向为垂直于水运动方向且叶片为翼形使得涡轮在相同方向旋转，与水的运动方向无关。涡轮轴杆利用浮力箱支承于框架中，安装于支承和轴承系统上，且设备由模块组成。设备具有由浮力箱和固定于水表面下方的拉索系统调节的正浮力，结果造成设备由拉索系统保持于表面以下。该设备采用传统叶片。
US 4 864 152描述了一种包括环形浮筒的浮动水流发电设备，其借助于系缆桩而在底部系留到锚上。所有涡轮可被替换且安装到共同梁上且可在环形浮筒所限定的区域内作为一个单元枢转直到表面。发电设备可围绕着系缆桩而移动，其顶端连接到前浮筒且其底端固定到锚上。
美国专利第5,440,176号描述了一种可潜水的水力涡轮设备，其包括以不同组合悬置于张力腿型浸没平台下方的涡轮/发电机。
在申请人所拥有的国际专利申请PCT/NO02/00249(国际公开第WO03/006825A1号)中提到了浮动潮汐发电设备的另一实例。这个设备包括具有一定数目浮力元件的平台，优选地在平台的每一个角落中有一个浮力元件，从而以最小的位移来同样满足对横向和纵向的稳定性的要求。一定数目的支承臂从平台向每一侧延伸，各自保持着发电机外壳。支承臂在平台中的附连点处铰接。
已知的设备基本上被设计成以放置于沿岸水中为目的，在那里，风和波浪力比它们可能在远海上的状况更缓和。但将发电设备放置于海中或其它苛刻环境中存在较大的能量回收潜力。因此需要一种用于从水流产生能量的设备，其能比迄今已知的设备耐受更大的环境力。挪威专利申请第20070228号描述了一种用于从水流产生能量的设备，包括一种用于浸没于水中的结构、和连接到该结构的多个涡轮模块。该设备包括多个柱，柱在其相应端部之一处连接到该结构并且还可滑动地连接到浮力元件，且每个柱能选择性地且可释放地附连到浮力元件。
但位于海中的设备经受波浪和风所引起的较大动态负荷。在上述用于定位在海中的设备中，位于水表面上方的浮力元件的部分可能会经受波浪和风负荷，这可能会使整个设备置于相对较大的运动中，特别是绕设备横向轴线的运动。这提出了结构上的挑战以及对涡轮效率具有不利影响。因此需要一种对较大环境力不太敏感的设备。
发明内容
因此，根据本发明，提供一种用于从水流产生能量的装置，其包括第一元件、第二元件和连接到第一元件的多个涡轮模块，其特征在于，所述第二元件以近似垂直的关系安装到第一元件上，第一元件适于浸没到水表面的下方，且当该设备处于生产中时第二元件的上部在水表面的上方突出。
第一元件优选地配备压载箱和龙骨。还可有利地配备稳定器，优选地在第一元件的两端。
根据本发明，还提供用于浮动设备的系泊装置，包括系泊缆索，系泊缆索在它们的相应端部之一处连接到该设备，其特征在于，系泊缆索在它们相应的第二端处经由在水表面下方的附连点和缆索连接到浮标，其中系泊缆索在该设备与相应浮标之间基本上水平地延伸。
浮标有利地经由系泊缆索(26a，26b，26c)在水表面下方连接到底部上的的相应锚。
附图说明
从所附专利权项，以及参看附图进行的下列描述，本发明的实施例将会变得显而易见。应了解附图仅图示了典型实施例，且不应被认为限制本发明。在附图中，相似的部件由相似的附图标记来表示，其也将在下文中采用。
图1是根据本发明的设备实施例的透视图。
图2是根据本发明的设备实施例的端视图。
图3是图2所示设备的侧视图。
图4是从上方观察的根据本发明的设备实施例的原理图。
图5是根据本发明的系泊系统的原理图。
图6是对应于图5所示的系泊系统的原理图，其中若干设备串联在一起。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的设备适于局部浸没于表面S下方的水中。该设备包括第一主体10和第二主体20，如图1所示，第一主体10优选地为水下结构且第二主体20优选地为向上突出的结构，其中能看出当设备位于水中的操作位置时第二主体20的一部分在水表面S上方突出。图1示出其中结构10、12为壳形主体的实施例。
第二主体20在下文中被称作塔架20，塔架20也可包括控制室31和用于操作设备的其它器械和设施，包括压载箱(未图示)和通往水下结构10的进入通道(未图示)。
突出支承臂40安装到结构10上。如图所示，支承臂优选地安装到结构10的相应相对侧上。在图中，支承臂40被描绘为桁架结构，但本领域技术人员应了解其它构造也是可能的。在相应支承臂40的每个臂的外端处设有相应涡轮模块750。
在本文中，“涡轮模块”应被理解为是指一种包括以下构件的模块：一或多个涡轮400、机器外壳752，机器外壳752可能带有用于连接到涡轮的轴杆、轮毂、间距控制系统等以及所需的能从水流产生能量的其它内含物。
涡轮400可包括一个、两个、三个或更多的个别涡轮叶片，如本领域技术人员将理解。在下文中，“涡轮”将用作共同标示，与涡轮叶片数目无关。
图1、图3和图4示出涡轮模块750具有两个涡轮400，优选地被布置成在每个机器外壳752的每一端处有一个涡轮。在这个配置中，可对两个涡轮加以布置以便其反转。
取决于所选的发电机方案，机器外壳752可尤其包含水轮机(泵)，其经由缆线操作相应水力发电机。发电机可(例如)位于塔架20或水下结构10中。在另一变型中，机器外壳752可包含以本领域技术人员已知的方式通过旋转而产生电能的常规发电机。在另一变型中，机器外壳752可包含反转发电机，例如，如在挪威专利申请2002 0800中所述。
塔架20被图示为带有锥形部分22的基本上管状元件，锥形部分22沿着设备纵向轴线相对置地定向。但就其它塔架截面形状(例如，椭圆形、矩形)和配置(例如，桁架结构)而言，如果它们执行类似功能，也应被认为涵盖于本发明中。当设备经受水流时，锥形部分22具有阻力减小作用，此外，它们将有助于排斥开抵靠着设备而漂移的物体。
图1示出了其中水下结构10具备龙骨14的本发明的实施例。龙骨14可有利地配备额外重物。水下结构10也可配备稳定器12，如在图1和图4中所示，稳定器12在结构10的相应端部处成对布置。稳定器12可被固定或可旋转地安装到结构10上。在图2和图3中未示出龙骨14和稳定器。
当设备处于水中时，其可经由锚链(或者缆索、缆线或绳索；在下文中：系泊缆索)锚固到例如海床，锚链以本身已知的方式附连到设备上。在这个图中，系泊缆索24a、24b附连到水下结构10的相应端部。图1、图3、图4示出了系泊缆索24a、24b的部件。为了说明清楚起见，省略了关于操纵系泊缆索和将系泊缆索锁定到设备上的进一步的细节，因为这些细节是现有技术中已知的。以相同方式，省略了用于输出电力和控制该设备的电缆的附连点，因为这些任务以本领域技术人员熟知的方式进行。
水下结构10和塔架20优选地包含压载箱(未图示)，因此能够借助于压载这些箱和卸除这些箱的压载而使得设备的提升、降低和定位能受控。
如图所示，支承臂40优选地相对于水下结构10近似垂直地安装。尽管这是优选布置，但本发明不应限于支承臂与水下结构之间的严格垂直关系。本领域技术人员应了解支承臂也可安装成适度的二面角配置(dihedral configuration)；这可能会在使用期间当水下结构10提升到水表面S或水表面S上方时减小使设备倾斜的需要。但是，这将需要支承臂中较大的强度和设备中额外的浮力性能以便将涡轮模块提升到水表面S上方。
现参看图5，其示出当设备位于水中时用于设备的新锚固系统。设备10、20被示出处于操作状态，其中水下结构10浸没且塔架20部分地突出到水表面S的上方。
系泊系统24a、24b在它们的第一端处连接到水下结构10的相应端部，如上文所提到的那样。系泊缆索24a、24b的相应第二端连接到单独的浮标50、52，浮标50、52皆被示出为在水表面S中浮动。浮标借助于连接到相应锚29a、29b、19c的下系泊缆索26a、26b、26c而锚固到海床B上。如图5所示，系泊缆索24a、24b可有利地经由合适的连接点27a、27c、27d和合适长度的缆索28连接到浮标50、51。以此方式，系泊缆索24a、24b的相应第二端在水平面S下方的一个高度处连接到连接点27a、27b、27c、27d，该高度基本上对应于系泊缆索24a、24b第一端与水下结构10相连接处的水表面S下方的高度。
这种锚固系统确保了系泊缆索24a、24b在水中以尽可能水平的一种方式延伸。因而设备10、20经受基本上水平的张力负荷并且设备在水中保持位于尽可能水平的位置。从而避免了使用常规锚固时通常会经历的竖直力分量。与塔架10的适当形状组合，这种锚固系统有助于减小设备在水中，甚至在波涛汹涌的海中的纵摇颠簸。
所提出的浮标锚固系统的关键方面在于当设备处于操作中时(例如，为了产生大约160至180吨静态负荷加额外动态负荷的负荷/阻力)将设备保持就位的锚缆索并不给予设备10、20大量竖直负荷分量。举例而言，在系泊缆索24a、24b中大约200吨的张力，以及在下系泊缆索26a或26b、26c与海床之间大约20度的角度、以及大约150米的系泊缆索总长度将需要在浮标中产生大约70吨浮力。举例而言，浮标50、52可被设计成在其穿透水表面S时具有70吨的浮力。而且，重要的是指出浮标一直具有大约相同的浮力，即使(例如)其沉到水表面S下方3米。但如果发生这种情况，例如当力增加超过假定最大值时，将同时减小系泊缆索到设备内与向下到底部B之间的角度，可能减至大约16度。由此，对浮标中浮力的需要也减小到大约60吨。倘若在设备与浮标之间存在大约100米的距离，则到设备内的角度将更改仅大约1.25度。因此，由于浮标中的浮力要求随着角度减小而减少，该系统是独特的。
图6示出了连接在一起成一行的一系列如图5所示的串联装置。设备10′、20′串联地安装于上文所述设备10、20的上游或下游。设备10′、20′经由系泊缆索24a′连接到下系泊缆索26b′并且锚29b′经由连接点27a连接到浮标52。在设备10、20左侧，系泊缆索24b″指示出相对应的设备安装于设备10、20左侧。以此方式，可以将若干设备串联起来，且在每个设备的每一侧上具有最少一个浮标且在每一个方向上具有最少一个锚。或者，在从浮标出来的每个方向上采用若干个锚。这将会造成较少的横向漂移。
或者，成一行的若干发电设备可在发电设备之间结合使用仅一个浮标，由于在流动方向上仅存在张力，其大约每六个小时发生逆转。为了避免系泊缆索在这种装置中彼此摩擦，理想地在一个方向上仅使用一个锚，且在另一方向上可能使用两个锚。参看透视图。
作为系泊缆索，可使用链、钢丝和人造纤维绳索的组合。
1.一种用于从水体中的水流产生电能的浮动装置，包括第一元件(10)、第二元件(20)和连接到所述第一元件的多个涡轮模块(750)，
其特征在于，所述第一元件和所述涡轮模块适于浸没于水表面下方，且所述第二元件安装于所述第一元件上、并且当所述第一元件处于浸没状况时从所述第一元件向上延伸，且当设备处于操作中时，所述第二元件的上部突出到所述水表面上方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，
其特征在于，所述第一元件配备压载箱。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，
其特征在于，所述第一元件具备龙骨(14)。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的装置，其特征在于，
所述第一元件具备稳定器(12)，优选地在所述第一元件的两端。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置，
其特征在于，所述涡轮模块(750)经由相应的支承臂(40)连接到所述第一元件(10)。
6.一种用于浮动设备(10，20)的锚固装置，包括用于产生电能的至少一个发电机(750)和系泊缆索(24a，24b)，所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)在它们的相应端部之一处连接到所述设备，
其特征在于，所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)在它们的相应第二端处连接到浮标(50，52)，浮标(50，52)连接到水体下方的底部(B)并适于在所述水体中浮动，且所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)第二端在所述水体中的一定高度处连接到所述相应浮标(50，52)，所述高度对应于所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)第一端连接到浮动设备(10)处的水体中的高度，由此所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)在所述水体中基本上水平地延伸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的锚固设备，其特征在于，所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)第二端经由在所述水体中的相应连接点(27a，27b，27c5 27d)和缆索(28)连接到所述相应浮标。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的锚固装置，其特征在于，当所述设备安装于所述水体中时，所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)传输基本上水平的张力负荷。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的锚固装置，其特征在于，所述浮标(50，52)经由系泊缆索(26a，26b，26c)连接到在所述水表面下方的底部(B)上的相应锚(29a，29b，29c)。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的锚固装置，其特征在于，所述锚固缆索(24a，24b)包括人造纤维绳索。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于从水流产生能量的装置，包括第一元件(10)、第二元件(20)和连接到所述第一元件的多个涡轮模块(750)，
其特征在于，所述第二元件以近似垂直的关系安装到所述第一元件上，所述第一元件适于浸没于水表面之下，且当设备处于生产中时，所述第二元件的上部在所述水表面上方突出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，
其特征在于，所述第一元件配备压载箱。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，
其特征在于，所述第一元件具备龙骨(14)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，
其特征在于，所述第一元件具备稳定器(12)，优选地在所述第一元件的两端。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，
其特征在于，所述涡轮模块(750)经由相应的支承臂(40)连接到所述第一元件(10)。
6.一种用于浮动设备(10，20)的锚固装置，其包括系泊缆索(24a，24b)，所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)在它们的相应端部之一处连接到所述设备，
其特征在于，所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)在它们的相应第二端处经由在水表面(S)以下的相应连接点(27a，27b，27c，27d)和缆索(28)而连接到浮标(50，52)，由此所述系泊缆索(24a，24b)在所述设备与相应浮标之间基本上水平地延伸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的锚固装置，
其特征在于，所述浮标(50，52)经由系泊缆索(26a，26b，26c)连接到在水表面下方的底部(B)上的相应锚(29a.29b，29c)。
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EP2118482A1 (en) 2009-11-18
NO20070911L (no) 2008-08-18
NO327567B1 (no) 2009-08-17
AU2008215210A1 (en) 2008-08-21
US8668452B2 (en) 2014-03-11
WO2008100157A1 (en) 2008-08-21
JP2010519446A (ja) 2010-06-03
CA2678060A1 (en) 2008-08-21
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US20100074750A1 (en) 2010-03-25
KR20090128416A (ko) 2009-12-15

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