CN101656352B - Double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna - Google Patents
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- CN101656352B CN101656352B CN 200910112589 CN200910112589A CN101656352B CN 101656352 B CN101656352 B CN 101656352B CN 200910112589 CN200910112589 CN 200910112589 CN 200910112589 A CN200910112589 A CN 200910112589A CN 101656352 B CN101656352 B CN 101656352B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dipole antenna, in particular to a double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna with small size, large bandwidth, lower echo loss and universal radiation characteristic. The double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna is provided with a basal plate, wherein both sides of the basal plate are covered by metal layers, two pairs of dipole arms are symmetrically arranged on one metal layer in an imaging mode; either dipole arm is a dipole antenna radiation patch in a 3/2 fractal curve structure; and the other metal layer is in a rectangular array photon band gap structure. The invention can achieve the aim of miniaturizing an RFID antenna so that the RFID antenna can be put in an RFID label or a reader-writer; and the invention also has the advantages of small size, wide bandwidth, good universal radiation characteristic, simple structure, simple manufacture process, low cost, easy integration, and the like and can satisfy the concrete requirements of an RFID application system for antennae.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dipole antenna, especially relate to a kind of double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna.
Background technology
REID (Radio Frequency Identification is abbreviated as RFID) is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology of realizing with radio communication that begins to rise the nineties in 20th century.The RFID label has characteristics such as volume is little, capacity is big, the life-span is long, reusable, fast reading and writing, non-visual recognition be can support, identification, multiple target identification, location and long-term follow management etc. moved, this technology is combined with technology such as the Internet, communications, be used for industries such as logistics, manufacturing, public information service, can realize efficient management and running, reduce cost.Along with the soft information correlation technique of safety constantly improve and ripe, RFID series industry will become a rising high tech industrial colony, become the national economy new growth point, all will produce far-reaching influence to promoting aspects such as social informatization level, promotion sustainable economic development, raising people's living standard, enhancing public safety and national defense safety, and have great strategic meaning.
Antenna Design and manufacturing technology are one of core key technologies of REID, every characteristic of antenna and form size, the service behaviour and the application of radio-frequency recognition system have been influenced dramatically, along with the develop rapidly of RFID technology serial application, people have higher requirement at aspects such as broadband, miniaturization, wide demarcation inadaptability, anti-destructive, multiband compatible with multiple networks to the RFID antenna.Antenna has critical role in rfid system, it is carried out deep research have important value and Practical significance.
In remote Coupled RF ID application system, the most frequently used is dipole antenna (claiming doublet antenna again).Typical dipole antenna is arranged in a line by two sections same thicknesses and isometric straight lead and is constituted, signal is from two end points feed-ins of centre, to produce certain CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on two arms of dipole, this CURRENT DISTRIBUTION has just excited electromagnetic field at the antenna surrounding space.When the length L=λ of single oscillator arms/4 (half-wave dipole), the reactive component of input impedance is zero, and antenna feed impedance can be considered a pure resistance.Under the horizontal influence of ignoring the antenna thickness, the dipole antenna design can be got the integral multiple of length L=λ/4 of oscillator.
The seventies in 20th century, French mathematician B.B.Mandelbrot is after having summed up the non-regular geometric figure of occurring in nature, fractal this notion has been proposed for the first time, think that fractal geometry can handle the configuration of those minimum rules of occurring in nature, point out that fractals will become the strong instrument of the many physical phenomenons of research.
To the eighties in 20th century, promoted fractal electrodynamic development about ripple and fractal structure Study of Interaction, and fractal antenna one of fractal electrodynamic numerous application just.It can make our small design antenna or a plurality of radio communication elements are integrated on the block assembly effectively.Fractals are the geometries with self-similarity nature that produce by iteration, all have self-similarity between its integral body and the part and between part and the part, and the fractal design of antenna is the fusion of electromagnetic theory and fractal geometry.Discover, compare that fractal antenna has advantages such as miniaturization, broadband, multiple-frequency operation, high radiation resistance, bootstrap loading, can satisfy the requirement of rfid system to antenna well with traditional antenna.
The exemplary operation frequency range of radio-frequency recognition system has: 902～928MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz.
The antenna of 3/2nds fractal curves (3/2curve) structure is a kind of typical fractal antenna.People such as S.Sadat once were used for the fractal structure of this shape the design of microstrip antenna, had obtained good antenna performance. and edify especially and Zhao Bo etc. also done basic introduction to 3/2nds fractal curves (3/2curve) in each paper.The initial element of fractal structure is a line segment, with its quartering, second section and the 3rd section is upwards moved down respectively and first section isometric distance, and both sides all connect first section and the 4th section with vertical line then, promptly constitute the single order fractal structure.Each bar line segment of single order fractal structure is continued the quartering, repeat the point-score of single order, obtain second order 3/2nds curve fractal structures.By this iteration, can generate each high-order fractal structure.The fractal antenna of 3/2nds fractal curves (3/2curve) structure has good broadband character, obtains fine application in microstrip antenna.In addition, it also helps to improve antenna pattern and reduces cross polarization.
For present RFID antenna, conventional microstrip antenna size is obviously excessive, and has shortcomings such as bandwidth of operation is little, even if improve by inserting technology such as short circuit pin, use feed loop, effect is still undesirable.Dipole antenna not only has characteristics such as size is little, radianting capacity is strong, manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, and has the omnidirectional radiation characteristic, can satisfy in the RFID application system specific requirement to antenna.Photon band gap (PBG, Photonic Band-Gap) structure is made up of a kind of dielectric material period profile in another kind of dielectric material.This structure can be by the scaled size relational application in very wide frequency range, and therefore the pbg structure of microwave and millimeter wave field application in recent years more and more causes people's attention.In pbg structure, electromagnetic wave is after the periodic dielectric scattering, and some wave band electromagnetic intensity can be exponential damping because of destruction interference, can't propagate in this structure, so form band gap on frequency spectrum.Pbg structure particularly has huge using value in microwave circuit and the field of antenna in microwave regime, now has been widely applied in the design of the circuit of microwave, millimeter wave band and device.The rational Application photonic band gap structure can improve the radiation characteristic of antenna, the bandwidth of operation of broadening antenna.People such as Tang Wei add the mirror compensated structure in the design of printed dipole sub antenna, experimental results show that mirror-image structure can well improve the return loss of antenna, and the bandwidth of operation of extended antenna to a certain extent.At present, the fractal paster of 3/2nds curve, use mirror-image structure, and photonic band gap structure combines and makes the double frequency dipole antenna, and is applied in 2.4GHZ in the rfid system and the correlation technique of 5.8GHZ working frequency range is not appeared in the newspapers.
Tang Wei etc. ([6] Tang Wei, Lin Bin, Zhou Jianhua, You Baiqiang. a kind of design of Simulation of miniature RFID label antenna. Xiamen University's journal (natural science edition), 2008,47:50-54) reported a kind of design of Simulation of miniature RFID label antenna.
Huanglong sea etc. ([7] Huanglong sea, Fu Jiachen, Chen Hao, You Baiqiang. the analysis of photon band gap microstrip antenna and design. Collects The American University's journal (natural science edition), 2007,12 (1): 33-37) reported a kind of analysis and design of photon band gap microstrip antenna.
Chen Hao etc. ([8] Chen Hao, You Baiqiang, the design of bluetooth microstrip antenna and emulation, Xiamen University's journal (natural science edition), 2005,44 (supplementary issues) 307-311) have been reported a kind of design and emulation of bluetooth microstrip antenna.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of size is little, bandwidth is big, return loss is lower, and the double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna with omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
It is 2.256～2.535GHz and 5.708～6.12GHz that the two-band of the present invention's design covers frequency range commonly used.
The present invention is provided with substrate, the two sides of substrate all is covered with metal level, wherein a metal level is the sub-arms of 2 electrode couples, the sub-arm mirror image of 2 electrode couples is symmetrical arranged, dipole arm is the dipole antenna radiation paster of 3/2nds fractal curve structures (3/2curve), and the another side metal level is the rectangle array photon band-gap structure.
Described substrate is preferably the fire-retardant substrate of insulation, the preferred FR4 of substrate grade, but preferred epoxy substrate, and the relative dielectric constant of substrate is preferably 5 ± 25%.Substrate is preferably rectangular substrate, and the size of described rectangular substrate preferably length is 24.5mm ± 0.25mm, and width is 13mm ± 0.25mm, and thickness is 0.8mm ± 0.25mm.
Photon band gap double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna radiation patch is made of 2 pairs of symmetrical dipole antenna radiation pasters, be provided with open gap on the left-right symmetric center line of 2 electrode couple sub antenna radiation patch, the both sides of open gap are provided with antenna feed point.2 electrode couple sub antenna radiation patch are left and right sides mirror-image structure and reach mirror-image structure up and down.
The rectangle array photon band-gap structure preferably is provided with 3 row, 3 row totally 9 rectangular sheets, every row is provided with 3 rectangular sheets, every row are provided with 3 rectangular sheets, be parallel to each other between row and the row, be parallel to each other between row and the row, be parallel to each other between each sheet rectangular sheet in every row, be parallel to each other between each the sheet rectangular sheet in every row.Each rectangular sheet of rectangle array photon band-gap structure measure-alike.The length of every rectangular sheet is 2mm ± 0.25mm, and width is 2mm ± 0.25mm.The spacing of adjacent two rectangular sheets is 1.5mm ± 0.25mm in every row, and the spacing of adjacent two rectangular sheets is 1.5mm ± 0.25mm in every row.The distance of rectangle array photon band-gap structure lower edge and substrate lower edge is 1mm ± 0.25mm, the distance of rectangle array photon band-gap structure left margin and substrate left margin is 7.75mm ± 0.25mm, and rectangle array photon band-gap structure the right is 7.75mm ± 0.25mm along the distance with edge, substrate the right.
Compare with the conventional microstrip antenna that is used for radio-frequency (RF) identification (RFID) system, the present invention has following outstanding advantage and significant effect:
Because adopt said structure, the present invention has the two-frequency operation frequency band, i.e. 2.4G frequency range and 5.8G frequency range, the 2.4G frequency range is 2.256～2.535GHz, absolute bandwidth 0.28GHz, relative bandwidth 17%; 5.8G frequency range is 5.708～6.12GHz, absolute bandwidth 0.412GHz, relative bandwidth 6.96%.Antenna size is 10% of a conventional microstrip antenna size.
This shows that the present invention has the advantages that size is little, bandwidth is big, radiation characteristic is good, can reach the purpose of miniature RFID antenna, can place it in RFID label or the read write line fully.That the present invention also has is simple in structure, manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, the omnidirectional radiation performance is good and be easy to outstanding advantages such as integrated, can satisfy in the RFID application system specific requirement to antenna.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the dipole arm of the substrate of the embodiment of the invention and 2 pairs of mirror image symmetries.
Fig. 2 is the substrate of the embodiment of the invention and the structural representation of rectangle array photon band-gap.
Fig. 3 is the return loss (S of the embodiment of the invention
11) performance map.Abscissa among Fig. 3 is represented frequency Frequency (GHz), and ordinate is represented return loss intensity The return loss.of the antenna (dB).
Fig. 4 is the H face directional diagram of the embodiment of the invention.Coordinate in Fig. 4 is polar coordinates.
Fig. 5 is the E face directional diagram of the embodiment of the invention.Coordinate in Fig. 5 is polar coordinates.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is provided with the epoxy resin base plate 1 of double-sided copper-clad, and substrate 1 is the FR4 substrate, and wherein simultaneously covering the copper layer is 2 pairs of identical dipole arm that are the mirror image symmetry, promptly left dipole antenna radiation paster 21 and right dipole antenna radiation paster 22.The dipole arm structure is 3/2nds fractal curves (3/2curve) structure of single order.Substrate 1 is of a size of: length is 24.5mm ± 0.25mm, and width is 13mm ± 0.25mm, and thickness is 0.8mm ± 0.25mm.The physical dimension of left side dipole antenna radiation paster 21 and right dipole antenna radiation paster 22 as shown in Figure 1.Be provided with open gap A on the symmetrical center line of left dipole antenna radiation paster 21 (being left dipole arm) and right dipole antenna radiation paster 22 (being right dipole arm), the both sides of open gap A are provided with antenna feed point.The width of dipole arm is 0.5mm.
Referring to Fig. 2, it is the rectangle array photon band-gap structure that the another side of substrate 1 covers the copper layer.The rectangle array photon band-gap structure is provided with 3 row, the 3 row rectangular sheet 31～39 of totally 9 same sizes.Every row is provided with 3 rectangular sheets, and every row are provided with 3 rectangular sheets, is parallel to each other between row and the row, is parallel to each other between row and the row, is parallel to each other between each the sheet rectangular sheet in every row, is parallel to each other between each the sheet rectangular sheet in every row.The length of every rectangular sheet is 2mm ± 0.25mm, and width is 2mm ± 0.25mm.The spacing of adjacent two rectangular sheets is 1.5mm ± 0.25mm in every row, and the spacing of adjacent two rectangular sheets is 1.5mm ± 0.25mm in every row.The distance of rectangle array photon band-gap structure upper edge and substrate 1 upper edge is 1mm ± 0.25mm, the distance of rectangle array photon band-gap structure lower edge and substrate 1 lower edge is 1mm ± 0.25mm, the distance of rectangle array photon band-gap structure left margin and substrate 1 left margin is 7.75mm ± 0.25mm, and rectangle array photon band-gap structure the right is 7.75mm ± 0.25mm. along the distance with edge, substrate 1 the right.
Referring to Fig. 3, as can be seen from Figure 3, the working band of antenna has covered 2.256～2.535GHZ and 5.708～6.12GHZ, the return loss in the working band all-below the 10dB, the minimum echo loss in the working band is-21.06dB.Antenna return loss (S
11) performance meets the demands in whole passband.2.4GHZ and the absolute bandwidth of 5.8GHZ dual-band antenna is respectively: 0.28GHz and 0.412GHz, its relative bandwidth is respectively 17% and 6.96%, be better than conventional microstrip antenna, 2.256～2.535GHZ in can complete covering rfid system and the working frequency range of 5.708～6.12GHZ.
Referring to Fig. 4, antenna has two lobes, and one at 305 °～55 °, and another is at 125 °～235 °.Two lobes have covered most of angle basically, so the present invention has the omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
Referring to Fig. 5, antenna main lobe is at 305 °～55 °.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are contrasted as can be seen the shape basically identical of directional diagram the first half.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention has the omnidirectional radiation characteristic, can reach the requirement of radio-frequency (RF) identification (RFID) system for antenna fully.
Manufacturing mismachining tolerance of the present invention to the situation that influences of antenna performance referring to table 1.
Table 1
Annotate: 1. data are existing certain redundant in the table, and certain relevance is arranged between each parameter, and what provide is equalization characteristic, according to demand particular design;
2. need to adopt the two-sided copper facing FR4 of high performance microwave low consumption substrate, tg δ＜0.002.
3. the English pairing explanation in Chinese in the table 1 is as follows:
Property: antenna performance Factor: influencing factor
FR: resonance point LF: low-frequency range (2.4GHZ) HF: high band (5.8GHZ) AB: absolute bandwidth RB: relative bandwidth
DD: medium FR4 size: the wide 13mm ± 0.5mm of long 24.5mm ± 0.5m
DC:FR4 substrate relative dielectric constant 5 ± 0.2, substrate thickness 0.8mm, thickness of coated copper layer, initial cell line segment length, feed position equal error are controlled in 2%
PBGD: each rectangular metal chip size of rectangle array photon band-gap structure: long 2mm ± 0.25mm, wide 2mm ± 0.25mm
PBG-FR4: rectangle array photon band-gap structure upper edge and FR4 substrate upper edge apart from 1mm ± 0.25mm, rectangle array photon band-gap structure lower edge and FR4 substrate lower edge apart from 1mm ± 0.25mm, rectangle array photon band-gap structure left margin and FR4 substrate left margin apart from 7.75mm ± 0.25mm, rectangle array photon band-gap structure the right along with edge, FR4 substrate the right apart from 7.75mm ± 0.25mm
C: guarantee to cover, unaffected
S11 :≤2%: the fluctuation that causes is no more than 2%.Be better than-10dB
AB: 〉=0.412: be better than 0.412GHZ
RB: 〉=17%: be better than 17%
Claims (5)
1. double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna, it is characterized in that being provided with substrate, the two sides of substrate all is covered with metal level, wherein a metal level is the sub-arms of 2 electrode couples, the sub-arm of 2 electrode couples is that mirror image is symmetrical arranged, dipole arm is the fractal dipole antenna radiation patch of 3/2nds fractal curve structures, and the another side metal level is the rectangle array photon band-gap structure;
Described substrate is the fire-retardant substrate of insulation, and the substrate grade is FR4, and the relative dielectric constant of substrate is 5 ± 25%;
Described dipole arm is that the dipole antenna radiation paster of 3/2nds fractal curve structures is that dipole arm is the fractal dipole antenna radiation patch of 3/2nds fractal curve structures of single order;
Described rectangle array photon band-gap structure is provided with 3 row, 3 row totally 9 rectangular sheets, every row is provided with 3 rectangular sheets, every row are provided with 3 rectangular sheets, be parallel to each other between row and the row, be parallel to each other between row and the row, be parallel to each other between each sheet rectangular sheet in every row, be parallel to each other between each the sheet rectangular sheet in every row, each rectangular sheet of rectangle array photon band-gap structure measure-alike;
Each rectangular sheet of described rectangle array photon band-gap structure measure-alike, the length of every rectangular sheet is 2mm ± 0.25mm, width is 2mm ± 0.25mm, the spacing of adjacent two rectangular sheets is 1.5mm ± 0.25mm in every row, the spacing of adjacent two rectangular sheets is 1.5mm ± 0.25mm in every row, the distance of the lower edge of described rectangle array photon band-gap structure and substrate lower edge is 1mm ± 0.25mm, the distance of the left margin of described rectangle array photon band-gap structure and substrate left margin is 7.75mm ± 0.25mm, and the right of described rectangle array photon band-gap structure is 7.75mm ± 0.25mm along the distance with edge, substrate the right.
2. double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described substrate is an epoxy resin base plate, and described substrate is a rectangular substrate.
3. double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna as claimed in claim 2, the size that it is characterized in that described rectangular substrate are 24.5mm ± 0.25mm * 13mm ± 0.25mm, and thickness is 0.8mm ± 0.25mm.
4. double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with open gap on the left-right symmetric center line of the sub-arm of 2 electrode couples, and the both sides of open gap are provided with antenna feed point.
5. double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described metal level is copper layer, gold layer, silver layer or aluminium lamination.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200910112589 CN101656352B (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | Double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna |
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| CN 200910112589 CN101656352B (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2009-09-25 | Double-frequency imaging fractal dipole antenna |
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| CN101656352A CN101656352A (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| CN101656352B true CN101656352B (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102005644A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-04-06 | 厦门大学 | Double-frequency English letter type dipole antenna |
| CN102763273B (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2014-04-16 | 深圳市嘉瑨电子科技有限公司 | Radiation component of miniature antenna |
| CN102324903B (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2014-08-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Photonic band gap structure and three-dimensional microwave band implementation method thereof |
| CN102570025B (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2016-12-28 | 群淂数码科技（上海）有限公司 | Omni-directional radio frequency identification label antenna and RFID tag |
| CN103682602B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2017-12-01 | 深圳光启智能光子技术有限公司 | A kind of dual-band antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN106159435B (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2019-06-25 | 北方工业大学 | Ultra-wideband fractal antenna |
| CN106941363B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-09-10 | 天地融科技股份有限公司 | Card reading response method, apparatus and system |
| CN109361071B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-09-18 | 北京邮电大学 | Ring array antenna with expandable read-write area |
| CN110350295A (en) * | 2019-06-30 | 2019-10-18 | RealMe重庆移动通信有限公司 | Wearable electronic equipment |
| CN110690567B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2024-04-05 | 厦门大学嘉庚学院 | Fractal monopole array ultra-wideband positioning beacon antenna |
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