CN101649858A - Steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-metal sliding bearing and a preparation method thereof. Carbon steel or stainless steel is taken as an outer layer material, and a powder metallurgy material taking a copper alloy as a basal body is taken as an inner layer material; the inner surface of the outer layer material is electroplated to form an electroplated copper layer with the thickness of 4-8 micrometres; the inner layer material comprises the following components by weight percent: 1%-20% of aluminum, 1%-8% of titanium, 1%-15% of stannum, 0.1%-5% of ferrum, 0.1%-2% of phosphorus, 0.1%-5% of nickel, at least one of 0.1%-2% of graphite and 0.1%-2% of molybdenum disulfide or 0.1%-2% of zinc stearate, and the balance of copper; and the bearing is impregnated with lubricating oil. The dual-metal sliding bearing has the advantages of low cost, high carrying capability, self-lubrication, excellent abrasion resisting capability, and the like, and can be widely applied to reciprocating swing positions of a swing arm, a bucket rod, a bucket, and the like of a large-tonnage and high-power excavator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bimetal sliding bearing and preparation method thereof, especially a kind of is bearing substrate with integrated type carbon steel or stainless steel, be that matrix is as the wear resistant friction reducing layer, by burning oil-containing bimetal sliding bearing that last compacting sintering prepares and preparation method thereof with the albronze.
Background technique
In recent years, along with the engineering machinery field technology rapid development, the key job device of hydraulic excavator especially large-tonnage and high-power excavator is had higher requirement.Equipment is a device of directly finishing mining task, and its reliability is very big to hydraulic shovel complete machine performance impact.Three parts are hinged forms by swing arm, dipper, scraper bowl etc. for it, and swing arm rises and falls, dipper stretches and scraper bowl rotates and all use the reciprocating double-action oil hydraulic cylinder to control.In order to adapt to the needs of various different construction operations, hydraulic shovel can be equipped with multiple equipment, as several work facility such as excavation, lifting, loading, smooth, clamp, soil-shifting, percussive hammers.In actual the use, equipment is in the actual conditions of low-speed heave-load, this has just proposed very high requirement to the service behaviour of axle and bearing, and in the excavator design, the weight of equipment should be compact as far as possible under the prerequisite that can satisfy the design performance parameter, so the appropriate design bearing is most important to excavator complete machine performance.In order to improve the reliability and stability of equipment effectively, use sliding bearing at present mostly, and be installed on the friction position of hydraulic excavator, with lubricity and the wear resistance that improves motive position effectively.This type of sliding bearing is mainly two classes, one class is to be applied to that swing arm rises and falls and the flexible position of dipper, is the self-lubricating plain bearing of matrix with the Cuprum alloy, can satisfy than high loading and the wear resistance demand under the low speed very, but that the major defect of this class bearing is a cost is higher; Another kind of be applied to the scraper bowl rotary part, be the sliding bearing of matrix with the alloyed steel, can satisfy the demand in working life under high-mechanic and the relative high speed, the subject matter that runs at present is that lubricity is relatively poor, need the frequency of external lubrication higher, if when oil starvation or few oil, the wear resistance of bearing can obviously descend, to such an extent as to it is higher to change frequency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to propose a kind of with low cost, self lubricity and wear-resisting property excellence, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing that bearing capacity is high and preparation method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing of the present invention is a cladding material with carbon steel or stainless steel, the powdered metallurgical material that with the Cuprum alloy is matrix is an inner layer material, it is the copper electroplating layer of 4～8 μ m that the plating inner surface of described cladding material forms thickness, each composition and content are in the described inner layer material: the weight content of aluminium is 1～20%, the weight content of titanium is 1～8%, the weight content of tin is 1～15%, the weight content of iron is 0.1～5%, the weight content of phosphorus is 0.1～2%, and the weight content of nickel is 0.1～5%, graphite, at least a in molybdenum disulfide or the zine stearate, its weight content is 0.1～2%, and surplus is a copper; Bearing is impregnated with lubricant oil.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the copper that is added in the described inner layer material are powder sheet electrolytic copper, and apparent density is 2.5～2.7g/cm
3, impurity content≤0.5%, flowability＜35s/50g, powder particle are irregularly shaped, to keep good briquettability.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the aluminium that is added in the described inner layer material can be the nodularization aluminium powder, also can be copper-aluminum alloy powder, can increase substantially the wear resistance and the intensity of material.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the titanium that is added in the described inner layer material can be irregular reduction titanium valve, also can be irregular hydride powder (TiH
2).The interpolation of a little amount of titanium can be played the effect of dispersion strengthening to the copper matrix, can promote the raising of hardness and mechanical strength effectively.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the tin that is added in the described inner layer material can be atomization tin powder, also can be irregular signal bronze powder, generates special intermetallic compounds in sintering process, has improved the porosity ratio of material effectively.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the iron that is added in the described inner layer material can be reducing iron powder, also can be phosphatization iron powder (FeP
23), can play the effect of gaining in strength.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the phosphorus that is added in the described inner layer material is with phosphatization iron powder (FeP
23) or phosphatization copper powder (CuP
8), can promote the agglutinating property of Cuprum alloy effectively.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the nickel that is added in the described inner layer material is electrolytic nickel powder.
Above-mentioned steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, the carbon that is contained in the described inner layer material are that the form with graphite is present in the alloy.
The preparation method of steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, comprise the steps: 1, with carbon steel or stainless-steel pipe by being machined into the weldless tube steel bushing, endoporus is machined to needed size, and guarantees the secondary operations surplus of wall thickness; 2, the steel bushing internal surface after will processing carries out electro-coppering and handles, and guarantees that overlay coating thickness is 4～8 μ m; 3, making with the Cuprum alloy with the raw material of following content is the powdered metallurgical material of matrix: weight content is 1～20% aluminium, weight content is 1～8% titanium, weight content is 1～15% tin, weight content is 0.1～5% iron, weight content is 0.1～2% phosphorus, and weight content is 0.1～5% nickel, at least a in graphite, molybdenum disulfide or the zine stearate, its weight content is 0.1～2%, and surplus is a copper; In proportion weighing good after, mechanical mixing; 4, powdered metallurgical material is packed into suppress in the annular die, pressing pressure is 200～600MPa, and the more aforementioned steel bushing internal diameter of the annular blank external diameter of being suppressed after the assurance demoulding is smaller, and the two gap is approximately 0.1～0.5mm, to guarantee that Cuprum alloy blank energy Spielpassung is to steel bushing; 5, annular blank is inserted in steel bushing and forms assembly parts; 6, assembly parts is positioned in vacuum or reducing atmosphere or the inert atmosphere sintering furnace and carries out sinter molding, described reducing atmosphere can be hydrogen or ammonia, described inertia can be helium or argon gas, adjust sintering temperature or sintering parameter by the alloy phase diagram of multicomponent alloy, its sintering temperature is 850～1050 ℃, sintering time is decided on the assembly parts size, is generally 0.5～3 hour; 7, bearing inner surface, tank filler sleeve and oil groove are carried out corresponding processing, guarantee alloy layer thickness 〉=2mm; 8, carry out vacuum impregnation lubricant oil, guarantee oil content 〉=12% (volume ratio).
The present invention is owing to adopted technique scheme, prepared steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing has with low cost, the bearing capacity height, characteristics such as self lubricity and wear-resistant ability excellence, internal layer hardness of copper alloy HB 〉=100MPa behind the sintering, internal and external layer has good adhesion strength, can be widely used in back and forth the waving in the position of swing arm, dipper, scraper bowl etc. of large-tonnage and high-power excavator.
Embodiment
Embodiment one is an example with the steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing of preparation internal diameter 50mm, external diameter 70mm, height 40mm, and its preparation method comprises the steps:
1, be that 70mm, internal diameter are the C45 steel pipe of 60mm with external diameter, machining is highly to be the seamless steel sleeve of 40mm (axle sleeve), must guarantee the secondary operations surplus of wall thickness;
2, the internal surface with axle sleeve carries out the electro-coppering processing, and making its internal surface form thickness is the copper electroplating layer of 5 μ m, requires coating surface evenly fine and close, the non-oxidation phenomenon;
3, carry out powder by following part by weight: electrolytic copper powder 55%, aluminium powder 3%, titanium valve 8%, glass putty 12%, iron powder 5%, phosphatization copper powder 10%, nickel powder 5%, plumbago 1.5%, zine stearate 0.5%, utilize cone-type mixer to mix 5 hours, making with the Cuprum alloy is the powdered metallurgical material of matrix, standby;
4, powdered metallurgical material (mixed powder) weighing 210 grams that mix more than the general are inserted and are suppressed in the high hardness annular die, and the annular blank internal diameter of being suppressed is 50mm, and external diameter is slightly smaller than 60mm, highly is 40mm, and pressing pressure is 300MPa.Surface requirements flawless after the compacting, and do not have obvious aberration, the annular blank external diameter is smaller than the steel bushing internal diameter after the demoulding of being suppressed, and the two gap is approximately 0.1～0.5mm, to guarantee that Cuprum alloy annular blank energy Spielpassung is to steel bushing;
5, the annular blank that suppresses is put into the steel bushing that plating inner surface has the copper layer, form assembly parts;
6, assembly parts is carried out sintering in the hydrogen shield sintering, heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, is incubated to cool off with stove after 2 hours;
7, carry out internal surface and be machined to required tolerance dimension, guarantee alloy layer thickness 〉=2mm;
8, prepared bimetallic bearing is put into the vacuum oil immersion machine and be lubricated oil-impregnated, guarantee oil content 〉=12% (volume ratio); Take out the back packing.
Embodiment's two preparation process are identical with embodiment one, and difference is: steel bushing is a Stainless Steel Tube, and the copper coating thickness of internal surface is 8 μ m; The weight content of each raw material is respectively in the powdered metallurgical material: electrolytic copper powder 66%, nodularization aluminium powder 16%, hydride powder (TiH2) 3%, signal bronze powder (QCuSn10) 2%, phosphatization iron powder (FeP
23) 1%, phosphatization copper powder 10%, electrolytic nickel powder 1% and molybdenum disulfide 1%; Powdered metallurgical material is 500MPa at the pressing pressure of annular die; Assembly parts is positioned over and carries out sinter molding in the vacuum sintering furnace, and its sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and sintering time is 3 hours.
Embodiment's three preparation process are identical with embodiment one, and difference is: the copper coating thickness of steel bushing internal surface is 6 μ m; The weight content of each raw material is respectively in the powdered metallurgical material: electrolytic copper powder 70.5%, copper-aluminum alloy powder (QCuAl
10) 10%, reduction titanium valve 5%, signal bronze powder (QCuSn
8) 7%, reducing iron powder 4%, phosphatization iron powder (FeP
23) 2% (as phosphorus), graphite, molybdenum disulfide and zine stearate each 0.5%; Powdered metallurgical material is 250MPa at the pressing pressure of annular die; Assembly parts is positioned over and carries out sinter molding in the helium atmosphere sintering furnace, and its sintering temperature is 1050 ℃, and sintering time is 1 hour.
Claims (10)
1, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, it is a cladding material with carbon steel or stainless steel, the powdered metallurgical material that with the Cuprum alloy is matrix is an inner layer material, it is characterized in that, it is the copper electroplating layer of 4～8 μ m that the plating inner surface of described cladding material forms thickness, each composition and content are in the described inner layer material: the weight content of aluminium is 1～20%, the weight content of titanium is 1～8%, the weight content of tin is 1～15%, and the weight content of iron is 0.1～5%, and the weight content of phosphorus is 0.1～2%, the weight content of nickel is 0.1～5%, graphite, at least a in molybdenum disulfide or the zine stearate, its weight content is 0.1～2%, surplus is a copper; Bearing is impregnated with lubricant oil.
2, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the copper that is added in the described inner layer material is a powder sheet electrolytic copper, and apparent density is 2.5～2.7g/cm
3, impurity content≤0.5%, flowability＜35s/50g, powder particle are irregularly shaped.
3, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the aluminium that is added in the described inner layer material is nodularization aluminium powder or copper-aluminum alloy powder.
4, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the titanium that is added in the described inner layer material is irregular reduction titanium valve or hydride powder.
5, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the tin that is added in the described inner layer material is atomization tin powder or signal bronze powder.
6, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the iron that is added in the described inner layer material is reducing iron powder or phosphatization iron powder.
7, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the phosphorus that is added in the described inner layer material is phosphatization iron powder or phosphatization copper powder.
8, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the nickel that is added in the described inner layer material is electrolytic nickel powder.
9, steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the carbon that is contained in the described inner layer material is that the form with graphite is present in the alloy.
10, the preparation method of steel-based copper alloy dual-metal sliding bearing, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps: (1), with carbon steel or stainless-steel pipe by being machined into the weldless tube steel bushing, endoporus is machined to needed size, and guarantees the secondary operations surplus of wall thickness; (2), the steel bushing internal surface after will processing carries out electro-coppering and handles, and guarantees that overlay coating thickness is 4～8 μ m; (3), making with the Cuprum alloy with the raw material of following content is the powdered metallurgical material of matrix: weight content is 1～20% aluminium, weight content is 1～8% titanium, weight content is 1～15% tin, weight content is 0.1～5% iron, weight content is 0.1～2% phosphorus, weight content is 0.1～5% nickel, and at least a weight content in graphite, molybdenum disulfide or the zine stearate is 0.1～2%, and surplus is a copper; In proportion weighing good after, mechanical mixing; (4), powdered metallurgical material is packed into suppress in the annular die, pressing pressure is 200～600MPa, and the more aforementioned steel bushing internal diameter of the annular blank external diameter of being suppressed after the assurance demoulding is smaller, and the two gap is approximately 0.1～0.5mm, to guarantee that Cuprum alloy blank energy Spielpassung is to steel bushing; (5), annular blank is inserted in steel bushing and forms assembly parts; (6), assembly parts is positioned in vacuum or reducing atmosphere or the inert atmosphere sintering furnace and carries out sinter molding, described reducing atmosphere can be hydrogen or ammonia, described inertia can be helium or argon gas, adjust sintering temperature or sintering parameter by the alloy phase diagram of multicomponent alloy, its sintering temperature is 850～1050 ℃, sintering time is decided on the assembly parts size, is generally 0.5～3 hour; (7), bearing inner surface, tank filler sleeve and oil groove are carried out corresponding processing, assurance alloy layer thickness 〉=2mm; (8), carry out vacuum impregnation lubricant oil, assurance oil content 〉=12%.
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