CN101647191B - 发电机组件 - Google Patents

发电机组件 Download PDF

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CN101647191B
CN101647191B CN2008800051256A CN200880005125A CN101647191B CN 101647191 B CN101647191 B CN 101647191B CN 2008800051256 A CN2008800051256 A CN 2008800051256A CN 200880005125 A CN200880005125 A CN 200880005125A CN 101647191 B CN101647191 B CN 101647191B
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generator
voltage
converters
coupling
power
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CN101647191A (zh
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P·瓦伊诺宁
M·波玛
J·桑塔拉
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Konecranes PLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/305—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种发电机组件，其包含发电机装置和第一转换器元件(11)，发电机装置被布置为将机械功率转换为电功率并包含AC发电机(2)、电压调节器(4)以及AC耦合，电压调节器(4)被布置为基于与发电机装置的AC耦合的电压相关联的数据调节AC发电机(2)的励磁，AC耦合被布置为将来自AC发电机(2)的电功率供到第一转换器元件(11)，第一转换器元件(11)被布置为将经过AC耦合施加的电压整流为DC电压，该发电机组件的特征在于，第一转换器元件(11)被布置为通过改变经过AC耦合的电流的与转矩相关联的分量(Iq)来调节AC发电机(2)的功率，从而从AC发电机(2)获得具有希望的大小的功率。

Description

发电机组件
技术领域
本发明涉及发电机组件。
背景技术
已知的发电机组件包含由例如柴油发动机等可变速度动力发动机驱动的交流发电机，且由此产生的电经由频率转换器被供给负载。频率转换器包含直流电压中间电路，其由AC发电机通过二极管桥供电。根据动力发动机的旋转速度在AC发电机旋转速度中的变化具有这样的结果：频率转换器的直流电压中间电路的电压也倾向于变化。因此，发电机组件具有升压斩波器，以便将直流电压中间电路中的电压保持为恒定。这种发电机组件的问题在于以上面介绍的方式将直流电压中间电路中的电压保持为恒定相对较为复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种包含交流发电机的发电机组件，在该组件中，直流电压中间电路的电压能在没有斩波器的情况下并在AC发电机由可变速度动力发动机驱动时被保持为实质上恒定。本发明的目的通过一种发电机组件实现，其包含发电机装置和第一转换器元件，发电机装置被布置为将机械功率转换为电功率并包含AC发电机、电压调节器以及AC耦合，电压调节器被布置为基于与发电机装置的AC耦合的电压相关联的数据来调节AC发电机的励磁，AC耦合被布置为将来自AC发电机的电功率供到第一转换器元件，第一转换器元件被布置为将经过AC耦合施加的电压整流为DC电压，该发电机组件的特征在于，第一转换器元件被布置为通过改变经过AC耦合的电流的与转矩相关联的分量来调节AC发电机的功率，从而从AC发电机获得具有希望的大小的功率，并且，第一转换器元件被布置为提供经过AC耦合的电流中的有限量的励磁相关电流分量，所述有限量被限制为使得电压调节器能够在所有使用情况下保持在其正常运行范围内
优选为，发电机组件还包含直流电压中间电路，该电路被布置为接收由第一转换器元件产生的DC电压，且第一转换器元件被布置为基于与直流电压中间电路的电压相关联的数据来调节AC发电机的功率。
优选为，第一转换器元件包含具有多个可控制开关的桥式连接。
本发明基于这样的构思：AC发电机的励磁基于其输出电压受到调节，且AC发电机的功率通过改变经过发电机AC耦合的电流的转矩相关分量受到调节。
本发明的发电机组件具有这样的优点：由被AC发电机供电的第一转换器元件所产生的直流电压能在没有斩波器的情况下保持为实质上恒定。
附图说明
下面将联系优选实施例参照附图更为详细地介绍本发明，在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的发电机组件；以及
图2示出了发电机组件的第一转换器元件的简化电路图。
具体实施方式
图1的发电机组件包含动力发动机14、包含AC发电机2的发电机装置、频率转换器18以及电动机16。动力发动机14用轴连接到AC发电机2，以便用于动力发动机14与AC发电机2之间的机械功率传送。动力发动机14可以为可变速度动力发动机，例如可变速度柴油发动机。
发电机装置被布置为将来自动力发动机14的机械功率转换为AC功率。除了AC发电机2以外，发电机装置包含AC耦合、电压调节器4以及AC电压测量装置6。发电机装置的AC耦合被布置为输出来自AC发电机2的AC功率，电压调节器4被布置为调节发电机装置的AC耦合的电压，AC电压测量装置6被布置为测量发电机装置的AC耦合的电压。
频率转换器18包含第一转换器元件11、第二转换器元件12以及直流电压中间电路13。第一转换器元件11包含连接到发电机装置AC耦合的AC耦合以及连接到直流电压中间电路13的DC耦合。第一转换器元件11被布置为将被输入到其AC耦合的电压整流为DC电压并通过其DC耦合将此DC电压供到直流电压中间电路13。第二转换器元件12包含连接到直流电压中间电路13的DC耦合以及连接到电动机16的AC耦合。第二转换器元件12被布置为将直流电压中间电路13的DC电压逆变为AC电压并向电动机16供给AC电压。
频率转换器18还包含：DC电压测量装置8，其被布置为测量直流电压中间电路13的电压；控制器10，其被布置为控制第一转换器元件11的运行。在数据传输方面，DC电压测量装置8连接到控制器10，以便向控制器10传输与直流电压中间电路13的电压相关联的数据。控制器10能够调节经过第一转换器元件11的AC耦合的电流的与励磁相关联的分量Id以及与转矩相关联的分量Iq。
控制器10被布置为基于与直流电压中间电路13的电压相关联并从DC电压测量装置8接收的数据来控制AC发电机2的功率。实现功率控制，使得控制器10改变经过第一转换器元件11的AC耦合的电流的与转矩相关联的分量Iq，从而获得来自AC发电机2的希望功率。
发电机装置的电压调节器4被布置为基于与AC耦合的电压相关联并从AC电压测量装置6接收的数据来调节AC发电机2的励磁。
第一转换器元件11被布置为提供经过AC耦合的电流中的有限量的励磁相关分量Id，所述有限量受到限制，使得电压调节器4能够在所有使用情况下保持在其正常运行范围内。由第一转换器元件11所提供的励磁相关分量Id的量由控制器10进行控制。
用第一转换器元件11产生励磁相关分量Id增大了发电机组件的损耗，作为其附加的是，在第一转换器元件11的设计中必须考虑励磁相关分量Id。
AC发电机2的励磁量影响AC发电机2的输出电压，并因此影响发电机组件的AC耦合中的电压。根据上述原因，可以通过单独使用电压调节器4或通过使用第一转换器元件14与电压调节器二者来调节发电机组件的AC耦合的电压。
第一转换器元件11的控制器10和电压调节器4在没有相互数据交换的情况下独立运行。因此，电压调节器4倾向于根据其目标值调节发电机组件的AC耦合的电压，而与第一转换器元件11的运行无关。
图2示出了第一转换器元件11的简化电路图。由图2可见，第一转换器元件11包含六个绝缘栅型双极型晶体管S1至S6以及六个二极管D1至D6，二极管D1至D6中的每一个与对应的双极型晶体管反并联耦合。绝缘栅型双极型晶体管即IGB晶体管以及由此构成的桥式连接在本领域是公知的，因此这里不再详细介绍。
第二转换器元件12的结构可以与图2所示第一转换器元件11的相同。在这种情况下，发电机组件为四象限电驱动器(electric drive)，其中，电可从AC发电机供到电动机16，反之亦然。在四象限电驱动器中，电机的旋转速度和转矩方向可自由变化。四象限驱动器可在例如起重机应用中使用。
在替代性实施例中，第二转换器元件的结构可以与第一转换器元件的不同。代替四象限驱动器的是，发电机组件也可被布置为一象限或二象限驱动器。另外，发电机组件可包含制动电阻器装置。
发电机组件的直流电压中间电路可对一个以上的电动机供电。除了多种AC电动机以外，由发电机组件供电的电动机也可包含DC电动机。各个AC电动机可由对应的逆变器供电。各个DC电动机可直接由DC电压中间电路供电，或通过对应的DC转换器供电。另外，发电机组件的直流电压中间电路可被布置为对除电动机以外的某些其它类型的负载供电。
在本发明一实施例中，AC发电机为无刷同步发电机，其需要的励磁能量由设置在其轴上的永磁体辅助发电机产生。也可使用其它类型的AC发电机。另外，多个AC发电机可以连接到发电机组件的直流电压中间电路，其中的每一个可借助特定的整流器连接到直流电压中间电路。
对本领域技术人员而言，显然，本发明的基本构思可以以多种方式实现。因此，本发明及其实施例不限于上面介绍的实例，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，它们可以以多种形式变化。

Claims (3)

1.一种发电机组件，其包含发电机装置和第一转换器元件(11)，发电机装置被布置为将机械功率转换为电功率并包含AC发电机(2)、电压调节器(4)以及AC耦合，电压调节器(4)被布置为基于与发电机装置的AC耦合的电压相关联的数据来调节AC发电机(2)的励磁，AC耦合被布置为将来自AC发电机(2)的电功率供到第一转换器元件(11)，第一转换器元件(11)被布置为将经过AC耦合施加的电压整流为DC电压，该发电机组件的特征在于，第一转换器元件(11)被布置为通过改变经过AC耦合的电流的与转矩相关联的分量(Iq)来调节AC发电机(2)的功率，从而从AC发电机(2)获得具有希望的大小的功率，且该发电机组件的特征在于，第一转换器元件(11)被布置为提供经过AC耦合的电流中的有限量的励磁相关电流分量(Id)，所述有限量被限制为使得电压调节器(4)能够在所有使用情况下保持在其正常运行范围内。
2.根据权利要求1的发电机组件，其特征在于，发电机组件还包含直流电压中间电路(13)，该电路被布置为接收由第一转换器元件(11)产生的DC电压，且第一转换器元件(11)被布置为基于与直流电压中间电路(13)的电压相关联的数据来调节AC发电机(2)的功率。
3.根据权利要求1或2的发电机组件，其特征在于，第一转换器元件(11)包含具有多个可控制开关(S1-S6)的桥式连接。
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