CN101645688B

CN101645688B - Vertical axis permanent magnet superimposed type wind power generator capable of tracking automatically and regulating speed

Info

Publication number: CN101645688B
Application number: CN2009100990157A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈国宝
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-05-27
Filing date: 2009-05-27
Publication date: 2011-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 2029-05-27
Also published as: CN101645688A

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical axis permanent magnet superimposed type wind power generator capable of automatic tracking and speed regulating, comprising permanent magnets 3, a movable disk 1, a movable disk 2, a static disk 8, a main shaft 5 and a bearing 4, wherein, the permanent magnets 3 are embedded in the movable disk 1 and movable disk 2; the static disk 8 is sleeved on the main shaft 5 and is supported by the bearing 4 in the movable disk 1; coils 9, a hall element 10 and a temperature sensor 11 are embedded in the static disk 8 and are connected with a control box 13 by a lead 7 and a signal wire 12. The wind power generator is characterized in that an automatic tracking and speed regulating system is arranged in the generator, and the shell and the machine are integrally arranged, thus overcoming the problem that the wind power generator is difficult in generating at low wind speed or is low in generating efficiency and unstable in output at high wind speed, increasing the wind energy utilization ratio and ensuring safe operation of the generator. Meanwhile, new methods that the shell and the machine are integrally arranged, the magnetic fields are assembled in a superimposed way and the main shaft is manufactured by steel pipes with large caliber dramatically decrease the weight and volume of the generator, omit the upper and lower end covers and the shell and ensure less generator components, rapid heat dissipation, low manufacturing cost, long service life and more extensive application range.

Description

From motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind ofly belong to technical field of new energies from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, the generator in particularly a kind of wind power plant.

Background technology

In the prior art, vertical shaft-type wind power generation machine ubiquity be difficult to when low wind speed start and high wind speed in the output instability, problems such as noise is big, in the real life, natural wind speed is among the continuous variation all the time, because cube being directly proportional of wind energy and wind speed, when wind speed is increased to 25 meter per seconds from 13 meter per seconds, wind energy has then increased above 7 times more than, this has caused a very big difficult problem just for the generator engine builder, if the rated speed of host design is higher, then generator efficient when hanging down wind speed just reduces or can not send out, if the rated speed of host design is lower, then volume is big, the cost height, and efficient but reduces during high wind speed.At the problems referred to above, at present, many inventors nearly all make suggestions on wind wheel and fan blade, for example use gearbox, decelerator, hydraulic pressure or leverage to come constant wind speed round, also increase simultaneously the cost and the wind energy loss of generator, produced new defective and deficiency.How overcoming above-mentioned deficiency, can reduce cost again, improve wind energy utilization, this new forms of energy project of wind power generation is popularized in an all-round way, promote the well-being of mankind, is the new problem of confronting present stage.

Summary of the invention

At the problems referred to above and defective, the present invention starts with from the main machine structure that changes wind-driven generator, set up and ventilate from cooling, integrated design, and adopt Hall element, single-chip microcomputer Microcomputer Technology, from motion tracking rotating speed and adjusting, stablize means such as power output, overcome in conjunction with existing permanent magnetic overlapped technology and wind wheel technology, in the hope of the purpose that realizes that cost is low, in light weight, noise is little, wind energy utilization is high, output is stable, generating efficiency is high.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A kind of from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, comprise: mainly adopt permanent magnet 3, be inlaid in respectively in the

Moving plate

1,2, quiet dish 8 is sleeved on the main shaft 5, by the bearing in the Moving plate 14 supporting, quiet dish 8 is embedded to install coil 9, Hall element 10, temperature sensor 11, pass pipeline and control box 13 connects to form by lead 7 and holding wire 12; Feature is: generator is provided with from motion tracking governing system and the machine integrated setting of shell; From the motion tracking governing system, by: be inlaid in the Hall element 10 in the quiet dish 8, temperature sensor 11, coil 9, and the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system in the control box 13, for main element is formed, coil 9 is to go here and there, but the winding that winding that is connected in parallel or three-phase star/delta connect, when

Moving plate

1,2 rotations, Hall element 10 is responded to hall signal from permanent magnet 3, pass to the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of control box 13 by holding wire 12, through calculation process, after the power amplification, send instruction, carry out the mode of connection of the above-mentioned coil windings that automaticallyes switch by contactor, make it to be complementary, thereby regulate with extraneous wind speed, the power output of control and stable generator; The machine integrated setting of described shell, for: bearing 4 on-line equipments on Moving plate 1, it is integrated to constitute casing, rotor, end cap, saves end cap and casing up and down, and generator component is reduced, heat radiation easily, volume-diminished, weight is lighter, cost is more cheap.

In the practice, the rotating speed and the number of magnetic poles of alternating current generator are inversely proportional to, and after number of magnetic poles was determined, the rotating speed of generator was directly proportional with output voltage, frequency; Therefore, can use connection that changes the magnetic field number of poles or the connection that changes output voltage, realize that the rotating speed of generator and wind wheel is complementary, so single-phase generator coil 9 can be used the mode of connection of winding series and parallel; Threephase generator then solves with the mode of connection of star/delta conversion, improves power benefit.

For example, when generator at 20 utmost points, in the time of 300 rev/mins, the winding of coil 9 is to be connected in series, normal power generation, because extraneous wind speed strengthens, when rotating speed surpasses more than 600 rev/mins, just send instruction from the motion tracking governing system, control box 13 control is automatically carried out switching, by contactor the winding connection in the coil 9 is switched to mode of connection in parallel and mate, the useable width of generator in natural wind speed environment is enhanced about more than once.

When generator during in running status, Hall element 10 detected signals, the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system in control box 13, after the calculation process, when determining to be low wind speed district scope, contactor is adjusted to star connection automatically, makes the operation generating in low wind speed range of 3 map windings; When the Hall detection signal was high wind speed district scope, contactor automatically switched into delta connection, made 3 map windings move generating in the higher wind scope; When the Hall detection signal is calm, when wind wheel can not start, contactor was connected the power-assist blower fan automatically, and moment promotes the wind wheel rotation, and the power-assist wind wheel starts; When the Hall detection signal is the ultrahigh speed danger signal, automatically shut down generator circuit, the inverter power supply that switches to storage battery or be attached thereto is guaranteed security of operation.

Above-mentioned said main shaft 5, make by large-diameter steel pipe, length can be according to the wind wheel height socket lengthening of configuration needs, diameter is 1/4th of generator diameter at least, selection percentage is in 1: 0.25～0.6 scope, help expanding ventilation quantity and shorten diameter distance between rotor and the stator, improve dynamic equilibrium, weight reduction, reduce cost, quick heat radiating, improve and ventilate and generating capacity.

Above-mentioned said quiet dish 8 is 1 or 1+1n sheet, is made by no magnetic material, and center drilling is fixed on the main shaft 5; Coil 9 is set in the area of a circle, coil is some no windings unshakable in one's determination, turn to round sheet by high strength enamelled wire, winding quantity: single-phase generator is at least 20 or 20+4n, threephase generator is at least 36 or 36+6n, forms circle and arranges, and is evenly distributed in the quiet dish 8 by the number of degrees, coil connects by predefined number of magnetic poles, passes the pipeline machine of drawing by lead 7 and is connected with control box 13 outward; Specifically can require and the size design of the practical area of a circle of quiet dish is decided according to the watt level of generator, rotating speed.

Above-mentioned said Moving plate 1 is 2, is made by no magnetic metal material, and the center is provided with bearing 4, and inwall armouring permanent magnet 3 or after another sheet is provided with iron plate seals with filler; Moving plate 2 is 1, or 1+1n sheet stack combinations, center drilling, inwall armouring permanent magnet 3, the outside and Moving plate 1 clamping.

Above-mentioned said permanent magnet 3 Wei Nd iron boron or SmCo or aluminium nickel cobalts, shape has cylinder or packet or hexagon, becomes circle according to the sequence arrangement of the S utmost point N utmost point, and armouring is in Moving plate, quantity must be unified symmetrical with the coil in the quiet dish 8, and array apparatus both sides about quiet dish.

The space scope of plane relative distance is 0.2～2MM between above-mentioned said quiet dish 8 and the

Moving plate

1,2, by the axle bumper of main shaft 5 protrusions as backer's alignment restrictions; The size of space distance is according to generator power size and moving, the area size of quiet dish and machining accuracy and decide, and the precision of processing high-voidage more is more little, then is beneficial to the delivery efficiency of raising generator more.

Above-mentioned said temperature sensor 11, be that 1 or every quiet dish are adorned 1, the temperature information that collects passes to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system in the control box 13 by holding wire 12, automatic inspection line circle and main frame temperature rise, when if appearance is unusual, then automatically stored record, display alarm, until the output circuit of closing this sheet winding, to guarantee the security of operation of generator.

Being provided with Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, power amplification circuit, automatic charger and contactor, display circuit in the above-mentioned said control box 13 is the common automatic control circuit that main element is formed, and sets up lithium battery, super capacitance storage battery to overcome electrolytic storage battery short defective in useful life; Make more powerful generator and can set up batteries, inverter, and establish electric cabinet in addition, be convenient to expand and control normal operation than high-power generator; Owing to used singlechip technology, for expanded function is very convenient from now on.

Above-mentioned said quiet dish 8 and Moving plate 2 can assemble with the method for stack combinations: on every quiet dish and Moving plate, can be according to the power needs, unified 1 circle permanent magnet and the coil of being arranged to, perhaps 1+1n encloses permanent magnet and coil, to increase per 1 power output, then, to the only quiet dish 8 of 1+1n and 1+1n Moving plate 2 at least, stacking apparatus is on main shaft 5 in order, coil passes pipeline by lead 7 and is connected with control box 13, can enlarge the power output of generator, produce the less novel electricity generator of power rank larger volume.

Above-mentioned said from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, as long as will be arranged on

Moving plate

1,2. change mutually with quiet dish 8 interior elements, just can make main shaft 5 rotation easily, internal rotor is from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type; This technical scheme is:

A kind of internal rotor is from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, comprise: mainly adopt permanent magnet 3, setting-in is fixed in the Moving plate 801 respectively, be sleeved on the main shaft 5, by 4 supportings of the bearing in the quiet dish 101, quiet dish 101 is embedded to install coil 9, and another sheet is provided with Hall element 10 backs and seals with filler; Quiet dish 201 is 1, or the 1+1n sheet, center drilling, and inwall setting-in coil 9, temperature sensor 11 together with Hall element 10, connect to form with control box 13 by lead 7 and holding wire 12.

Above-mentioned said internal rotor has increased the kind and the scope of application of generator from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, also can use in the field beyond the wind-driven generator, so purposes is very extensive.

The design is described to be from the unusual part of motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type: 1. be provided with from the motion tracking governing system, adopt Hall element, temperature sensor, single-chip microcomputer Microcomputer Technology, automatic tracing and monitoring and adjusting rotating speed, stablize means such as power output, overcome wind-driven generator and under low wind speed, be difficult to realistic problems such as generating efficiency is low in startup or the high wind speed, output is unstable, noise is big, guaranteed the security of operation of generator.2. adopt the design new approaches of machine integrated setting of shell and magnetic field superposition and the new method that large-diameter steel pipe is made main shaft, dwindle and alleviated the weight and volume of generator widely, reduced manufacturing cost significantly.According to the foregoing invention advantage, from this new forms of energy project of motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, popularized in an all-round way, it is become a reality.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: simple in structure, parts are few, consumptive material is little, in light weight, volume is little, cost is low, the assembling that can superpose, manufacture craft simple, be easy to streamline produces, do not have iron core, brushless, noiselessness, no excitation winding, no static friction torque, efficient height in enormous quantities, power output is stablized, security of operation, long service life, the scope of application are wide.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1, a kind of structural principle cut-away view from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type.

Accompanying drawing 2, a kind of internal rotor is from the structural principle cut-away view of motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type.

Accompanying drawing 3, a kind of external rotor Moving plate schematic diagram.

Accompanying drawing 4, a kind of quiet dish schematic diagram.

Accompanying drawing 5, a kind of internal rotor Moving plate schematic diagram.

Accompanying drawing 6, the quiet dish schematic diagram of a kind of internal rotor.

Embodiment

Following examples do not constitute any restriction to protection range of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing: in 1～6: 1,2. Moving plate, 3. permanent magnet, 4. bearing, 5. main shaft, 6. air channel, 7. lead, 8. quiet dish, 9. coil, 10. Hall element, 11. temperature sensors, 12. holding wires, 13. control boxes.

Embodiment: accompanying drawing 1, a kind of structural principle cut-away view from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type is as preferably, permanent magnet 3 adopts Nd-Fe-B magnet steel, and setting-in is fixed in the

Moving plate

1,2 respectively, quiet dish 8 is sleeved on the main shaft 5, by 4 supportings of the bearing in the Moving plate 1, Moving plate 2 is 1, center drilling, inwall armouring permanent magnet 3, the outside and Moving plate 1 adhesive clamping, and fix by location notch; Quiet dish 8 is embedded to install coil 9, Hall element 10, temperature sensor 11, pass pipeline by lead 7 and holding wire 12 and be connected with control box 13.

Embodiment: shown in the accompanying drawing 2, a kind of internal rotor is from the structural principle cut-away view of motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type.As preferably, permanent magnet 3 adopts Nd-Fe-B magnet steel, and setting-in is fixed in the Moving plate 801 respectively, and Moving plate is sleeved on the main shaft 5, and by 4 supportings of the bearing in the quiet dish 101, quiet dish 101 is embedded to install coil 9, after wherein another sheet is provided with Hall element 10, seals with filler; The outside and quiet dish 201 clampings, and fix by location notch, temperature sensor 11, coil 9 are set in the quiet dish 201, be connected with control box 13 with holding wire 12 by lead 7.

Embodiment: shown in accompanying drawing 3, a kind of external rotor Moving plate schematic diagram.As preferably, Moving plate 1 is made by stainless steel, center drilling, device bearing 4 and main shaft 5, area of a circle inner armor permanent magnet 3, permanent magnet are Nd iron boron, sequence arrangement according to the S utmost point N utmost point becomes 2 circles, the unified symmetry of coil in quantity and the quiet dish 8, adhesive device arranged side by side both sides about quiet dish, magnetic field constitutes the logical loop of paramagnetic by quiet dish coil.

Embodiment: shown in accompanying drawing 4, a kind of quiet dish schematic diagram.As preferably, quiet dish 8 is made by stainless steel or bakelite, and inside is provided with coil 9, and the center has circular hole, keyway, the wired pipe that can be fixed on the main shaft 5.As preferably, present embodiment is set at 20 utmost points, and 9 minutes 2 circles of coil are arranged, 20 on every circle, be divided into 2 groups, turn to the no ironcore choke of round sheet by high strength enamelled wire, coil is pressed tail-tail, the connection of playing a reversed role of the order of head-head, then and be unified into 1. 2. and 3. 4. two groups, terminals connect lead 7 and pass pipeline and draw outside the machine, are convenient to be connected with terminal box 13.

Embodiment: main shaft 5, make by the large-caliber stainless steel pipe, as preferably, diameter is set at 1/3rd of generator diameter, and is provided with positioning, bearing guard, wired pipe, the air channel 6 that the backer is installed as Moving plate.

Embodiment: shown in accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawing 6, the quiet dish schematic diagram of a kind of internal rotor Moving plate schematic diagram and a kind of internal rotor.As preferably, Moving plate 801 and quiet dish 101 are made by stainless steel material, inwall Kai Zhuan Nd iron boron permanent magnet 3 and coil 9, coil 9 is 36, divide 3 groups, every group 12, sequence arrangement according to A group among Fig. 8 connects, the lead of drawing is A, B, C, a, b, c, passes pipeline by lead 7 respectively and is connected with control box 13, accepts hall signal and refers to neck control, when wind speed round be 500 rev/mins, during low wind speed district, Y-connection and output, to 1000 rev/mins, during the high wind speed district, the automatic switchover triangularity connects also output.

In sum, the features and advantages of the present invention are conspicuous, and it is low to upgrade the present also efficient in generally use, and the generator product that consumptive material is big has huge economic benefit and market potential.

According to the foregoing description and operation principle, some clever manufacturer changes a little or attempts to reduce a certain in addition part and the identical product made, also belongs to the example of protection category of the present invention.

Claims

1. one kind from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, comprising: permanent magnet (3), be inlaid in respectively in first Moving plate (1) and second Moving plate (2), and wherein first Moving plate (1) is 2, second Moving plate is 1, between 2 first Moving plates; 2 quiet dishes (8) are sleeved on the main shaft (5), lay respectively in the gap of first Moving plate and second Moving plate formation, and main shaft (5) is supported by the bearing (4) in 2 first Moving plates (1); Embedded the installing coil of quiet dish (8) (9), Hall element (10), temperature sensor (11), by lead (7) connecting coil (9), holding wire (12) connects Hall element (10), temperature sensor (11), passes pipeline and control box (13) and connects to form; Feature is: generator is provided with from motion tracking governing system and the machine integrated setting of shell; From the motion tracking governing system by: be inlaid in the Hall element (10) in the quiet dish (8), temperature sensor (11), coil (9), and the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system in the control box (13) is formed, coil (9) is to go here and there, but the winding that winding that is connected in parallel or three-phase star/delta connect, when first Moving plate (1), second Moving plate (2) rotation, Hall element (10) is responded to hall signal from permanent magnet (3), pass to the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of control box (13) by holding wire (12), through calculation process, after the power amplification, send instruction, the mode of connection by the above-mentioned coil windings of contactor execution automatic switchover makes it to be complementary with extraneous wind speed;

Described shell is machine integrated to be set to: 2 first Moving plates (1), the center is provided with bearing (4), 1 second Moving plate (2), the outside and first Moving plate (1) clamping during stack combinations, 2 quiet dishes (8), be fixed on the main shaft, main shaft (5) is by the supporting of the bearing (4) in 2 first Moving plates (1), because bearing (4) on-line equipment is on first Moving plate (1), constitute casing, rotor, end cap is integrated, save end cap and casing up and down, generator component is reduced, simultaneously, quiet dish (8) and first Moving plate (1), the space scope of plane relative distance is 0.2～2MM between second Moving plate (2), by the axle bumper of main shaft (5) protrusions as backer's alignment restrictions, with to first Moving plate, quiet dish (8) location;

Said coil (9) is some no windings unshakable in one's determination, turn to round sheet by high strength enamelled wire, winding quantity: single-phase generator is 20 or 20+4n, threephase generator is 36 or 36+6n, forming circle arranges, be evenly distributed in the quiet dish (8) by the number of degrees, coil connects by predefined number of magnetic poles.

2. according to claim 1 from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, feature is: said main shaft (5), make by large-diameter steel pipe, length can extend according to the configuration needs socket, diameter is 1/4th of generator diameter at least, and selection percentage is in 1: 0.25～0.6 scope.

3. according to claim 1 from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, feature is: said temperature sensor (11), be that 1 or every quiet dish are adorned 1, the temperature information that collects passes to the interior Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of control box (13) by holding wire (12), automatic inspection line circle and main frame temperature rise, if occur when unusual, then stored record automatically, display alarm, until the output circuit of closing this sheet winding, to guarantee the security of operation of generator.

4. according to claim 1 from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, feature is: said control box is provided with automatic control circuit in (13), this automatic control circuit by: Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, power amplification circuit, automatic charger and contactor, display circuit are formed, set up lithium battery, super capacitance storage battery to overcome electrolytic storage battery short defective in useful life, set up batteries, inverter when making more powerful generator, and establish electric cabinet in addition, be convenient to expand and control normal operation than high-power generator.

5. according to claim 1 from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, feature is: on every quiet dish the 1+1n turn coil is set, be provided with respectively on two faces of second Moving plate with corresponding quiet dish on the permanent magnet of coil number amount equal number, to increase per 1 power output, then, with 2 quiet dishes (8) and 1 second Moving plate (2) stacking apparatus on main shaft (5), coil passes pipeline by lead (7) and is connected with control box (13), can enlarge the power output of generator, produce the less generator of power rank larger volume.

6. an internal rotor is from motion tracking speed governing vertical-shaft wind-driven generator of permanent-magnet superposing type, comprise: permanent magnet (3), setting-in is fixed in the Moving plate (801), 2 Moving plates (801) are sleeved on main shaft (5) and go up with main axis rotation, main shaft (5) is by bearing (4) supporting that is provided with respectively in the 2 first quiet dishes (101), and the first quiet dish (101) is two, is positioned at the outside of 2 Moving plates, a slice is embedded to install coil (9), and another sheet is provided with Hall element (10) back and seals with filler; The first quiet dish (101) outside and second quiet dish (201) clamping, and fix by location notch; The second quiet dish (201) is 1, between 2 Moving plates, and center drilling, inwall setting-in coil (9), temperature sensor (11); By lead (7) connecting coil (9), holding wire (12) connects Hall element (10), temperature sensor (11), passes pipeline and is connected with control box (13);

Feature is: generator is provided with from motion tracking governing system and the machine integrated setting of shell; From the motion tracking governing system, by Hall element (10), temperature sensor (11), coil (9), and the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system in the control box (13) is formed, coil (9) is to go here and there, but the winding that winding that is connected in parallel or three-phase star/delta connect, when Moving plate (801) rotation, Hall element (10) is responded to hall signal from permanent magnet (3), pass to the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system of control box (13) by holding wire (12), through calculation process, after the power amplification, send instruction, the mode of connection by the above-mentioned coil windings of contactor execution automatic switchover makes it to be complementary with extraneous wind speed;

Described shell is machine integrated to be set to: 2 first quiet dishes (101), the center is provided with bearing (4), 1 second quiet dish (201), the outside and first quiet dish (1) clamping, 2 Moving plates (801), lay respectively in the gap of the first quiet dish (101) and the second quiet dish (201) formation, be fixed on the main shaft (5); Because bearing (4) on-line equipment is on the first quiet dish (101), it is integrated to constitute casing, rotor, end cap, save end cap and casing up and down, generator component is reduced, simultaneously, the Moving plate (801) and the first quiet dish (101), the space scope of plane relative distance is 0.2～2MM between the second quiet dish (201);