CN101639217B - Two-stage speed-down pulverized coal burner - Google Patents

Two-stage speed-down pulverized coal burner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101639217B
CN101639217B CN200810117553XA CN200810117553A CN101639217B CN 101639217 B CN101639217 B CN 101639217B CN 200810117553X A CN200810117553X A CN 200810117553XA CN 200810117553 A CN200810117553 A CN 200810117553A CN 101639217 B CN101639217 B CN 101639217B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pipe
speed
combustion chamber
pulverized coal
reducing
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN200810117553XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101639217A (en
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张照军
赵虎军
李滨
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Beijing Guangyao Energy Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Guangyao Energy Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a two-stage speed-down pulverized coal burner, which comprises a speed-down ignition burning chamber, wherein the axial side wall of the speed-down ignition burning chamber is provided with at least one inserting hole; and an ignition device for igniting pulverized coals passing through the speed-down ignition burning chamber is inserted in the inserting hole. Because the heating energy and the heating time of the pulverized coal are in direct proportion on the premise of other unchanged conditions, when the airflow speed reduces by one time, the heating energy of flame to the pulverized coals raises by one time. The ignition burning chamber is designed into the speed-down ignition burning chamber 1, namely the speed of the pulverized coals passing through the ignition burning chamber is reduced, so that the time of staying at high-temperature flame of the pulverized coals is prolonged, and the heating energy of the flame to the pulverized coals is raised so as to speed up heat chemical conversion to restore volatile matters and promote complete burning, thereby being favorable for ignition and stable burning.

Description

Two-stage speed-reducing pulverized coal burner
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pulverized coal burner.
Background
The burning process of the ignited coal powder is temperature rise, water evaporation, pyrolysis volatilization, volatile matter ignition and burning together with coke, that is, the higher the volatile matter of the coal powder is, the more favorable the ignition of the coal powder is. But for poor pulverized coal, the volatile matter is low, and the pulverized coal is not easy to ignite.
The existing pulverized coal burner is generally used for igniting pulverized coal with high volatile matter, and in order to improve the favorable condition of pulverized coal ignition, a dense-dilute pulverized coal burner is produced. For example, the utility model patent of chinese patent No. cn200820013109.x discloses a "plasma pulverized coal burner", which consists of a primary combustion chamber, a primary combustion chamber throat, a secondary combustion chamber throat, an outer sleeve and a pulverized coal shade separating device, wherein a plasma generator is arranged in the primary combustion chamber; wherein, the middle parts of the first-stage combustion chamber and the second-stage combustion chamber are both provided with a Venturi tube structure which converges firstly and then diffuses, and the position where the venturi tube converges to the minimum is the throat part of the combustion chamber.
In the plasma pulverized coal burner, the operation process of pulverized coal is as follows: the primary air is divided into two air flows of dense-phase pulverized coal air and light-phase pulverized coal air through the pulverized coal dense-dilute separation device, the dense-phase pulverized coal air flows enter the primary combustion chamber, is ignited by plasma arcs generated by a plasma generator, and is sprayed into the secondary combustion chamber at a high speed through the throat part of the primary combustion chamber, pulverized coal in the secondary combustion chamber is ignited, and flame is sprayed into a hearth through the throat part of the secondary combustion chamber to be converged with the light pulverized coal air flow and secondary air to be continuously combusted. The dilute phase powder air flow enters annular gaps among the first-stage combustion chamber, the second-stage combustion chamber and the outer sleeve, cools the wall surface of the combustion chamber and is sprayed out from an outlet of the outer sleeve to participate in combustion.
The plasma pulverized coal burner adopts the pulverized coal concentration and dilution separation device, so that the plasma arc ignites the concentrated-phase pulverized coal airflow, and the pulverized coal is in a condition more favorable for being ignited.
Therefore, there is a need for a new pulverized coal burner that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pulverized coal burner, which prolongs the retention time of pulverized coal under high-temperature plasma flame and overcomes the defect of insufficient pulverized coal heating time caused by short plasma flame.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution, a pulverized coal burner, characterized in that: the combustor comprises a speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber, at least one insertion hole is formed in the axial side wall of the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber, and an ignition device used for igniting coal dust passing through the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber is inserted into the insertion hole.
In a preferred embodiment, the ignition device comprises a nozzle which is located inside the deceleration tube and at a position where the cross section of the nozzle is enlarged, and a deceleration tube which is located in front of the nozzle and has a gradually enlarged cross section from the pulverized coal inlet end to the pulverized coal outlet end.
In a preferred embodiment, the deceleration ignition combustion chamber comprises a pipe wall, the deceleration pipe is axially arranged on the center of the pipe wall, and the deceleration pipe is connected with the pipe wall through at least one supporting plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the support plate is arranged in an arc shape.
In a preferred embodiment, the front end of the pipe wall axially protrudes out of the front end of the velocity reduction pipe, and the pipe wall is provided with a divergent part at the front part thereof, and the section of the divergent part in the direction from the pulverized coal inlet end to the pulverized coal outlet end is gradually enlarged.
In a preferred embodiment, an eccentric rich-lean separation block is provided on the inner surface of the tube wall at an axial location between the diverging section and the velocity reduction tube.
In a preferred embodiment, a concentrated powder guiding tube is axially arranged at the center of the tube wall at a position between the eccentric concentration and dilution separating block and the deceleration tube.
In a preferred embodiment, a combustion stabilizing ring is arranged on the inner wall of the rear end of the deceleration pipe.
In a preferred embodiment, a shade separation block is arranged on the inner wall of the rear end of the tube wall of the decelerating combustion chamber.
In a preferred embodiment, the burner further comprises a hybrid combustor connected to the rear end of the reduced ignition combustor.
In a preferred embodiment, a rich-lean separation pipe is axially arranged in the center of the mixed combustion chamber, the diameter of the rear end of the rich-lean separation pipe is larger than that of the deceleration pipe, and the rich-lean separation pipe is connected with the outer wall of the mixed combustion chamber through at least one rib plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the rib plates are arranged in an arc shape.
In a preferred embodiment, the burner further comprises an oxygen enhanced combustion chamber connected to the end of the hybrid combustor.
In a preferred embodiment, the inlet end of the oxygen supply intensified combustion chamber is sleeved outside the tail end of the mixed combustion chamber by a connecting plate, and a double-layer air supply port is formed between the inlet end and the tail end of the mixed combustion chamber.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
1. the plasma flame or the micro-oil flame enables the pulverized coal to form favorable conditions of high concentration, high temperature, low speed, less air and easy ignition in an ignition area;
2. the air-powder concentration and the air flow speed of the system are in a working condition which is very favorable for ignition through the speed reduction ignition combustion chamber, the mixing combustion chamber and the oxygen supply strengthening combustion chamber, so that a continuous and stable ignition and combustion process is completed.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein,
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the pulverized coal burner of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional front view of the pulverized coal burner of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top cross-sectional view of the pulverized coal burner of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a hybrid combustor and an oxygen enhanced combustor in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view taken along line E-E of FIG. 8;
fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view taken along line F-F of fig. 8.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein like parts are given like reference numerals.
Embodiment mode 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a pulverized coal burner comprising a reduced ignition combustion chamber 1, at least one insertion hole 11 is provided on an axial side wall of the reduced ignition combustion chamber 1, and in this embodiment, an insertion hole 11 is provided, and an ignition device is inserted into the insertion hole 11 for igniting pulverized coal passing through the reduced ignition combustion chamber 1. Wherein, the ignition device can be a micro-oil gun or a plasma gun, etc.
Under the premise of keeping other conditions unchanged, the heating energy of the pulverized coal is in direct proportion to the heating time, and the heating energy of the flame to the pulverized coal is doubled when the air flow speed is reduced by one time. The ignition combustion chamber is set as the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber 1, namely, the speed of the coal powder passing through the ignition combustion chamber is reduced, so that the retention time of the coal powder under high-temperature flame is prolonged, the heating energy of the flame to the coal powder is improved, the thermochemical conversion is accelerated to regenerate volatile matters to promote complete combustion, and further, the ignition and stable combustion are facilitated.
In a specific embodiment, the deceleration ignition combustion chamber comprises a deceleration pipe 12, the deceleration pipe 12 is provided with a gradually enlarged cross section from the pulverized coal inlet end to the pulverized coal outlet end at the position of the front part 121, and the nozzle of the ignition device is positioned inside the deceleration pipe 12 and at the position of the enlarged cross section. That is, the section of the front part of the deceleration pipe 12 is gradually enlarged, so that the speed of the pulverized coal at the front part is gradually reduced, and ignition of the pulverized coal is facilitated.
The speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber further comprises a pipe wall 13, the speed-reducing pipe 12 is axially arranged in the center of the pipe wall 13, and the speed-reducing pipe 12 is connected with the pipe wall 13 through at least one supporting plate 14. The support plate 14 is preferably arc-shaped because the arc-shaped support plate 14 can be deformed to relieve stress when the high-temperature flame in the deceleration ignition combustion chamber causes the deceleration tube 12 to be subjected to transverse and longitudinal thermal expansion.
In the preferred embodiment, the front end of the pipe wall 13 protrudes from the front end of the velocity-reducing pipe 12 in the axial direction, and the pipe wall 13 is provided with a divergent portion 131 at a front portion thereof (i.e., protruding from the front end of the velocity-reducing pipe 12), and the cross section of the divergent portion 131 gradually increases from the pulverized coal inlet end to the pulverized coal outlet end.
An eccentric shade and dilution spacer 15 is provided on the inner surface of the pipe wall 13 at an axial position between the divergent portion 131 and the velocity-reducing pipe 12, so that the pulverized coal from the bent pipe (not shown) is guided into the central region of the pipe wall 13 by the collision of the eccentric shade and dilution spacer 15. And preferably, a concentrated powder guide tube 16 is axially arranged at the center of the tube wall 13 at a position between the eccentric concentration and dilution separation block 15 and the deceleration tube 12, so as to guide the pulverized coal guided by the eccentric concentration and dilution separation block 15 into the deceleration tube 12.
The coal dust from the bent pipe is subjected to primary speed reduction at the divergent part 131, and then is guided into the central area of the pipe wall 13 through the impact of the eccentric shade separation block 15. Then the concentrated coal powder guiding pipe 16 divides the coal powder into two air flows of concentrated coal powder and light coal powder, the concentrated coal powder enters the interior of the deceleration pipe 12 to participate in combustion, a second-stage deceleration is obtained at the front part of the deceleration pipe 12, the gas flow velocity after the second-stage deceleration can be designed to be 10% -80% of the gas flow velocity before the first-stage speed change according to the coal quality characteristics, on the other hand, the retention time of the coal powder under high-temperature flame can be prolonged by 1-5 times due to the adoption of the second-stage deceleration process, the heating energy of the flame to the coal powder is improved by 1-5 times, and combustion is promoted, so that ignition is facilitated. The light pulverized coal enters the space between the velocity reduction pipe 12 and the pipe wall 13, does not participate in combustion, and can be used for cooling the velocity reduction pipe 13 to avoid overheating and coke hanging on the pipe wall of the velocity reduction pipe 13.
In addition, the inner wall of the rear end of the deceleration pipe 12 is preferably provided with a stable combustion ring 17, and the high-temperature flame which is violently combusted is crushed by the stable combustion ring 17 to form a pulsating groove ring around the high-temperature torch, so that the peripheral pulverized coal airflow is mixed in time to strengthen the combustion of the next stage.
In the preferred embodiment, a rich-lean separation block 2 is provided on the side wall at the rear end of the reduced-speed-ignition combustor 1, and the pulverized coal in the reduced-speed-ignition combustor 1 is caused to approach toward the center by the rich-lean separation block 2.
For the speed reduction ignition combustion chamber in the embodiment, the output force can be designed to be 500-2000kg/h according to different characteristics of the pulverized coal, and the nozzle temperature is not lower than 1200 ℃.
Embodiment mode 2
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 8 to 10, the burner further includes a mixing combustion chamber 3 in addition to the above-mentioned deceleration-ignition combustion chamber 1, and the mixing combustion chamber 3 is connected to the pulverized coal outlet end (rear end) of the deceleration-ignition combustion chamber 1. The mixed combustion chamber 3 is provided with a thick-thin separation pipe 31 in the central axial direction, the diameter of the rear end of the thick-thin separation pipe 31 is larger than that of the deceleration pipe 12, and the thick-thin separation pipe 31 is connected with the outer wall of the mixed combustion chamber 3 through at least one rib plate 32. The coal powder from the speed reducing pipe 12 is sprayed into the thick-thin separating pipe 31 of the mixed combustion chamber 3, the coal powder in the thick-thin separating pipe 31 is ignited, meanwhile, a part of the thin coal powder between the speed reducing pipe 12 and the pipe wall 13 enters the thick-thin separating pipe 31, and the other part of the thin coal powder flows into the next stage from a gap between the thick-thin separating pipe 31 and the outer wall of the mixed combustion chamber 3 along the wall surface, so that the ignition of the mixed section is facilitated, and the wall surface of the mixed section is cooled. Wherein, the rib plate 32 can also be arranged in an arc shape and has the same function as the supporting plate 14.
In addition, because the thick-thin separation block 2 is arranged on the side wall at the coal powder outlet end of the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber 1, most of the thin coal powder between the speed-reducing pipe 12 and the pipe wall 13 can enter the thick-thin separation pipe 31 to participate in combustion, and only a small part of the thin coal powder flows into the next stage from a gap outside the thick-thin separation pipe 31.
Other structures, operation principles, and advantageous effects of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Embodiment 3
As shown in fig. 8-10, the burner may further include an oxygen-enhanced combustion chamber 4 connected to the rear end of the hybrid combustion chamber 3, so that the pulverized coal in the hybrid combustion chamber 3 is entirely introduced into the oxygen-enhanced combustion chamber 4. The high temperature flame in the oxygen supply strengthening combustion chamber 4 is mixed with the dilute phase coal dust and ignites the dilute phase coal dust, thereby realizing the complete combustion of the coal dust. The volatile components in the first two combustion chambers 1 and 3 are basically burnt out, and advanced oxygen supplementation combustion strengthening measures are adopted for improving the burn-out rate of loose carbon, so that the oxygen supplementation in advance timely meets the oxygen quantity required by pulverized coal combustion, the enthalpy of the oxygen supply strengthening combustion chamber 4 is increased, the initial speed of the spray pipe is further improved, and the purposes of increasing the flame length and improving the burn-out rate are achieved.
Specifically, the inlet end of the oxygen supply intensified combustion chamber 4 is sleeved outside the tail end of the mixed combustion chamber 3 by means of the connecting plate 41, an air supplement port is formed between the inlet end and the mixed combustion chamber 3, oxygen in the tube is basically burnt out due to the combustion in two stages of the speed reduction ignition combustion chamber 1 and the mixed combustion chamber 3, and the subsequent combustion of pulverized coal is intensified by timely supplementing air from the air supplement port.
In a preferred embodiment, the air supply port in the oxygen supply intensified combustion chamber 4 is a double-layer air supply port 42, high-temperature flame is arranged in the nozzle of the burner, heat radiation of the high-temperature flame in the hearth is arranged outside the nozzle of the burner, and secondary air (double-layer air) enters the oxygen supply intensified combustion chamber 4 through the double-layer air supply port 42, so that the inner layer and the outer wall are cooled, and timely oxygen supply intensified combustion is realized; that is to say, the adopted perimeter cooling secondary air technology can supplement the oxygen used for combustion in time, and the problems that a burner is burnt out by high-temperature flame and the wall surface is coked are avoided. Because the burner is a thick-inside and thin-outside burner, the volatile matter of the central airflow at the outlet of the burner is very high, and the burner can easily catch fire after entering a hearth and contacting high-temperature flame, has the stable combustion capacity of 40 percent of load, and can replace the main burner before being reformed to meet the requirements of starting, stopping and low-load stable combustion of a boiler.
Experiments prove that the output of a single combustor can reach more than 12t/h by applying the structure and the principle.
Other structures, operation principles, and advantageous effects of the present embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. A pulverized coal burner characterized by: the combustor comprises a speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber, at least one jack is arranged on the axial side wall of the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber, and an ignition device used for igniting coal dust passing through the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber is inserted into the jack;
the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber comprises a speed-reducing pipe, the section of the speed-reducing pipe in the direction from the coal powder inlet end to the coal powder outlet end is gradually enlarged at the front part of the speed-reducing pipe, and a nozzle of the ignition device is positioned in the speed-reducing pipe and is positioned at the position where the section of the ignition device is enlarged;
the speed-reducing ignition combustion chamber comprises a pipe wall, the speed-reducing pipe is axially arranged at the central position of the pipe wall, and the speed-reducing pipe is connected with the pipe wall through at least one supporting plate;
the supporting plate is arranged in an arc shape.
2. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the front end of the pipe wall axially protrudes out of the front end of the deceleration pipe, a gradually expanding part is arranged at the front part of the pipe wall, and the section of the gradually expanding part in the direction from the coal powder inlet end to the coal powder outlet end is gradually expanded.
3. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 2, wherein: an eccentric thick and thin separating block is arranged on the inner surface of the pipe wall and at the axial position between the divergent part and the speed reducing pipe.
4. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 3, wherein: and a concentrated powder guide pipe is axially arranged at the center of the pipe wall at the position between the eccentric concentration separation block and the deceleration pipe.
5. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and a stable combustion ring is arranged on the inner wall of the rear end of the speed reducing pipe.
6. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and a shade separation block is arranged on the inner wall of the rear end of the pipe wall of the speed-reducing combustion chamber.
7. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the combustor also comprises a mixed combustion chamber which is connected to the rear end of the deceleration ignition combustion chamber.
8. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the central axis in the mixed combustion chamber is provided with a thick-thin separation pipe, the diameter of the rear end of the thick-thin separation pipe is larger than that of the deceleration pipe, and the thick-thin separation pipe is connected with the outer wall of the mixed combustion chamber through at least one rib plate.
9. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 8, wherein: the rib plates are arranged in an arc shape.
10. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the combustor also comprises an oxygen supply strengthening combustion chamber which is connected with the tail end of the mixing combustion chamber.
11. The pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 10, wherein: the inlet end of the oxygen supply intensified combustion chamber is sleeved at the outer side of the tail end of the mixed combustion chamber by virtue of a connecting plate, and a double-layer air supply port is formed between the inlet end and the tail end.
CN200810117553XA 2008-08-01 2008-08-01 Two-stage speed-down pulverized coal burner Expired - Fee Related CN101639217B (en)

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CN101639217B true CN101639217B (en) 2011-09-21

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111706858A (en) * 2020-07-24 2020-09-25 李心鹏 Pulverized coal ignition device for power station boiler and kiln
CN112503521B (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-09-03 西安交通大学 Gasification coupling low NOx combustion system, low NOx combustion method and design method

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB228507A (en) * 1924-01-28 1925-04-23 Henschel & Sohn Gmbh An improved coal dust burner suitable for use in locomotives
CN1009306B (en) * 1986-10-01 1990-08-22 巴布考克日立株式会社 Pulverulent coal burner with needn't other fuel for ignition
CN2487965Y (en) * 2001-01-15 2002-04-24 烟台开发区龙源电力燃烧控制工程有限公司 Multifunctional pulverized coal burner using multi-stage axial feeding powder and gas film cooling technique
CN1477330A (en) * 2003-06-23 2004-02-25 西安交通大学 Radial gradient two air-controlled cyclone coal dust combustor
CN2632502Y (en) * 2003-06-18 2004-08-11 烟台龙源电力技术有限公司 Stage ignition coal powder burner
CN101012928A (en) * 2007-02-07 2007-08-08 鞠胤红 Smokeless coal gasification micro grease gun igniting pulverized coal burner
JP3986182B2 (en) * 1998-10-27 2007-10-03 株式会社日立製作所 Pulverized coal combustion burner and combustion apparatus provided with the same
CN200961855Y (en) * 2006-04-10 2007-10-17 徐州燃烧控制研究院有限公司 Plasma coal powder burner

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB228507A (en) * 1924-01-28 1925-04-23 Henschel & Sohn Gmbh An improved coal dust burner suitable for use in locomotives
CN1009306B (en) * 1986-10-01 1990-08-22 巴布考克日立株式会社 Pulverulent coal burner with needn't other fuel for ignition
JP3986182B2 (en) * 1998-10-27 2007-10-03 株式会社日立製作所 Pulverized coal combustion burner and combustion apparatus provided with the same
CN2487965Y (en) * 2001-01-15 2002-04-24 烟台开发区龙源电力燃烧控制工程有限公司 Multifunctional pulverized coal burner using multi-stage axial feeding powder and gas film cooling technique
CN2632502Y (en) * 2003-06-18 2004-08-11 烟台龙源电力技术有限公司 Stage ignition coal powder burner
CN1477330A (en) * 2003-06-23 2004-02-25 西安交通大学 Radial gradient two air-controlled cyclone coal dust combustor
CN200961855Y (en) * 2006-04-10 2007-10-17 徐州燃烧控制研究院有限公司 Plasma coal powder burner
CN101012928A (en) * 2007-02-07 2007-08-08 鞠胤红 Smokeless coal gasification micro grease gun igniting pulverized coal burner

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