CN101638756B - Production process method of high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball - Google Patents
Production process method of high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a grinding medium applied to the powder body engineering in industries, such as construction materials, cement and the like, in particular to a production process method of a high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball. The casting grinding ball comprises the following chemical components by weight percent: 1.4-2.5% of carbon, 0.75-0.82% of silicon, 0.46-0.9% ofmanganese, 4.5-6.0% of chromium, 0.04-0.06% of phosphorus, 0.04-0.054% of sulfur, 0.04-0.06% of copper, 0.03-0.04% of molybdenum, 0.02-0.03% of nickel, 0.02% of tungsten, 0.13-0.15% of compound heavyrare earth modificator and 90.4-91.4% of iron. The production operation comprises steps of smelting, casting, heat treatment, mechanical property detection and pouring inspection, wherein heat treatment quenching is oil quenching treatment. The improvements are that: (A) austenitizing treatment is carried out before quenching; and (B) the temperature of quenching oil is 80-140 DEG C, and the quenching time is 6-20 minutes. The formula of the invention is adopted to thin the crystal grains of a grinding ball, the tissues are compact, and the toughness is enhanced; by adopting the technology ofthe invention, the hardness of a high-chromium grinding ball reaches HRc62-64, and the toughness and the wear resistance of the grinding ball are obviously enhanced. On the precondition of further enhancing the properties of wear resistance and crushing resistance of the grinding ball, the content of the noble metal of chromium is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the grinding ball is also lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be applied to the grinding medium and the producing and manufacturing technique of the powder technology of industries such as building material cement, mine metallurgy, energy thermoelectricity, nonmetal processing, coal water slurry and magneticsubstance.
Background technology
Abrading-ball is widely used in the powder technology of industries such as building material cement, mine metallurgy, energy thermoelectricity, nonmetal processing, coal water slurry and magneticsubstance as a kind of grinding medium.Owing to need satisfy the requirement of every profession and trade distinct device, different working conditions, the material of making abrading-ball is varied, as forging steel ball, ductile iron grinding ball, Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball etc., specification also from
Arrive
Even larger diameter.
The Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball is the efficient abrading-ball of a new generation that forging steel ball, ordinary white cast iron abrading-ball grow up that continues, and the chrome content of its high-chromium alloy cast grinding ball is generally greater than 10%, and known heat treatment technics is air quenching and low-temperaturetempering.Under this condition, the M of high rigidity
7C
3The type carbide has almost all replaced M
3C type carbide.With the M that is netted continuous distribution
3C type carbide is compared, and has strengthened the continuity of matrix greatly, thereby the hardness of abrading-ball and toughness are significantly increased.And chromium (Cr) content range of Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball is 5%-10% in stipulating in existing national standard and the industry standard, and its quenching attitude hardness is HRc52-56.(see national standard for details: " cast grinding ball " GB/T17445-1998, building material industry standard: " building materials industry Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball " JC/T533-2004, metallurgy industry standard: " cast alloy iron ball " YB/T092-2005)
In the last few years, though middle and high chromium cast grinding ball is used widely in a big way, because the chrome ore poorness of China, the price of ferrochrome was one to rise and rise again, and the price of noble metals such as molybdenum, nickel, titanium, copper is also constantly soaring.The production unit input of adding the Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball is bigger, and production technique is comparatively complicated, causes the cost sustainable growth of Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball, all brings sizable pressure with using enterprise for the manufacturing concern of abrading-ball; In industries such as cement, mines, the diameter of ball mill, power and production capacity all towards maximization, high efficiency development, wish that the cost performance of abrading-ball is better on the other hand, and promptly hardness wants high, abrasion are low, price is reasonable; To create better economical, societal benefits, homemade middle and high chromium cast grinding ball quenching attitude hardness only is HRc52-56 at present, far can not satisfy the requirement of domestic and international market.
Summary of the invention
In order to save chromium rare noble metal materials such as (Cr), improve the hardness of abrading-ball simultaneously, reduce manufacturing cost, one of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball of low chromium content, to substitute the high-chromium cast grinding ball that adopts known technology to make at present, two of purpose provides the producing and manufacturing technique of aforementioned a kind of high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball.
Technical scheme of the present invention is such:
The technical solution that realizes above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
A kind of high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball, its chemical ingredients is as follows:
Carbon: 1.4-2.5%, silicon: 0.75-0.82%, manganese: 0.46-0.9%,
Chromium: 4.5-6.0%, phosphorus: 0.04-0.06%, sulphur: 0.04-0.054%;
Copper: 0.04-0.06%, molybdenum: 0.03-0.04%, nickel: 0.02-0.03%,
Tungsten: 0.02%, compound heavy rare earth alterant: 0.13-0.15%,
Iron: 90.4-91.4%.
A kind of producing and manufacturing technique of high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball, used main raw material comprises steel scrap, the production operation step comprises that smelting, casting, thermal treatment and mechanical property detect and whip the system check; Wherein thermal treatment comprises austenitizing processing, quench treatment and temper, and quench treatment is that oil quenching is handled;
Above-mentioned austenitizing is handled, and the fs rises to 350-400 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 550-600 ℃, time 2-3 hour; Phase III is warming up to 800 ℃, time 2.5-3.5 hour; The quadravalence section is warming up to 950-980 ℃, time 2.5-3.5 hour, comes out of the stove;
The quenching oil temperature that above-mentioned oil quenching is handled is 80-140 ℃, and the cool time is 6-20 minute, and cool to room temperature carries out temper again.
Mechanism simple analysis of the present invention is as follows:
The Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball under the condition of suitable temperature, suitable iron liquid basal component, in the process that rotten and inoculation, multicomponent microalloying are handled by compound heavy rare earth except that the metallurgy processing effect of giving full play to separately, also influence each other.For example:
A, along with dissolving in of polynary microalloy element changed the spread coefficient of carbon in austenite, under the continuous cooling conditions of process of setting, velocity of diffusion reduces just to mean the minimizing of the amount of separating out of carbon;
B, a certain amount of heterogeneous forming core particle that forms by good pregnant effect will cause the carbon atom of austenite precipitation and the carbon atom group that occurs because of concentration fluctuations in the iron liquid preferentially to its diffusion, thereby make carbide turn to crystallization mode based on heterogeneous forming core;
C, compound heavy rare earth isoreactivity element are adsorbed on newborn carbide surface, make it be difficult to connect to netted;
D, in process of setting because solute element reallocation is enriched in the liquid in austenite crystallization forward position the various alloying elements of interpolation, improved the austenitic nucleation rate of primary crystal, make the austenitic matrix refinement;
Behind E,, inoculation rotten and the multicomponent microalloying, increased iron liquid super cooling tendency, speed of cooling is weakened the influence of crystallization condensate depression, thereby the tissue, the performance that show as the cast grinding ball section have become with unanimity through compound heavy rare earth;
When F, cast grinding ball solidified under certain speed of cooling condition, alloying element was to delaying the effect of austenitic transformation, outstanding behaviours can carry out or much degree on may take place on the martensitic transformation.A-p is the diffusion-type transition that carbon concentration changes; A-M is that the constant structure-type of carbon concentration changes, and then is to look it to be in the long-range or the kinestate of short distance to carbon atom.Can only in crystal, do the short distance motion when this effect makes carbon atom, rely on the high speed iron atom lattice shear that phase driving force produced, will form martensite in moment.
The effect of various chemical elements among the present invention:
Carbon (C): be the most basic, most important element in cast grinding ball.Its content what directly determine the relative quantity of eutectic carbides and matrix, improves carbon content, can improve hardness, wear resistance, and carbon content reduces, and toughness increases, and is suitable so carbon content is controlled in the 1.4-3.0% scope.
Chromium (Cr): be most important alloying element, in order to guarantee (CrFe) of sufficient amount and high-wearing feature
7C
3The type carbide should the appropriate content that increases chromium.But its content increases, though carbide also increases, production cost increases.The present invention is controlled at chromium in the 4-6.5% scope.
Manganese (Mn) and silicon (Si): manganese is the element of stable austenite, the Ms point is descended residual austenite is increased. add higher Mn, be mainly used to desulfurization, deoxidation, to increase toughness, so control manganese content is in the 0.4-1.0% scope.An amount of silicon is mainly used in deoxidation, because too high silicon will cause following gust of toughness, can make the abrading-ball use that peeling phenomenon is arranged, and is controlled in the 0.6-1.0% scope so silicon put.
The effect of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), tungsten alloys such as (W) is to significantly improve hardening capacity, and has the effect of stronger promotion martensitic transformation.But such alloy both solid solution is strengthened matrix in ferrite or austenite, improve the hardness of matrix, can form complicated carbide again, obviously the refinement carbide.Therefore add Cu, the Mo of trace, the comprehensive mechanical property that alloying elements such as Ni, W can improve abrading-ball.
Sulphur (S) and phosphorus (P): for harmful first disorderly, reduce the mechanical property of abrading-ball, sulphur and phosphorus are that furnace charge is brought into, thus want strict control quality of furnace charge, and carry out the desulfurization dephosphorization processing, make the sulphur of the abrading-ball of producing, phosphorus content all be controlled at below 0.1% and be advisable.
Compound heavy rare earth alterant (Y-Re) has purification, rotten and promotion alloying action to molten iron, energy deoxidation, degasification, purifying molten iron, the oxide compound that generates can be used as heterogeneous forming core core, refinement matrix grain tissue, improve the form and the distribution of carbide, content all is controlled in the 0.1-0.2%.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is embodied in down with several aspects:
1, after high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball of the present invention, oil quenching rotten through multicomponent microalloying, compound heavy rare earth and the temper, bigger variation has all taken place in matrix and carbide state, mainly shows:
(1), grain fineness number is by the 2-3 level of traditional high-chromium white cast iron, rises to the 7-8 level.
(2), inclusion not only quantitatively has and has also occurred spherical variation on bigger minimizing but also the form;
(3), as-cast structure is avoided and eliminated carbide network, matrix is shred shape or short prism-shaped martensite;
(4), mechanical property and abrasion resistance increase substantially, hardness is stabilized in HRc62-64, the falling-ball impact test number of times is above 18000 times.Compare with existing national standard and industry standard, the chromium content of abrading-ball of the present invention on average reduces 20%-35%, and hardness improves 10.7%-14.3%, and the ball falling impact times of fatigue improves 125%, and percentage of damage reduces by 50%, concrete data such as table 1 (notes).
Table 1
(notes): national standard: " cast grinding ball " GB/T17445-2007;
Building material industry standard: " building materials industry Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball " JC/T533-2004;
Metallurgy industry standard: " cast alloy iron ball " YB/T092-2005.
2, further improve that abrading-ball is wear-resistant, crush resistance can prerequisite under, reduced the content of precious metal chromium, reduce the abrading-ball manufacturing cost on year-on-year basis, social benefit is huge.
3, abrading-ball of the present invention is through on probation in the ball mill of how tame cement industry, and its abrasion reduce 20%--25% on year-on-year basis, significantly reduce the running cost of ball mill.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done to describe further.
Embodiment 1:
Diameter
High-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball, its chemical ingredients is as follows:
Carbon (C): 2.5%, silicon (Si): 0.75%, manganese (Mn): 0.46%,
Chromium (Cr): 4.5%, phosphorus (P): 0.051%, sulphur (S): 0.054%;
Copper (Cu): 0.061%, molybdenum (Mo): 0.032%, nickel (Ni): 0.026%,
Tungsten (W): 0.02%, compound heavy rare earth alterant (Y-Re): 0.15%,
Iron (Fe): 91.4%.
At first, be warming up to 1480-1520 ℃, add Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni again, W alloy reaches desired chemical ingredients steel scrap in advance fusing in medium-frequency induction furnace.Then block compound heavy rare earth alterant is put into hot metal ladle, towards melting and leaving standstill 7 minutes, reach inoculation so that molten iron is gone bad with molten iron.Molten iron after the processing uses the casting direct-reading spectrometer to measure its chemical element content, qualified molten iron then is poured in the sandbox by the constant temperature pouring device, the as cast condition abrading-ball that forms behind the molten steel solidification process furnace of packing into after the assay was approved carries out austenitizing and handles, behind oily medium quenching, by the low-temperaturetempering operation, finally handle and put in storage after the assay was approved again through the system of whipping.
Described abrading-ball adopts the casting of vertical-parting sand mo(u)ld production line, and thermal treatment process comprises oil quenching operation and low-temperaturetempering operation.
The processing condition of described oil quenching operation are:
The abrading-ball process furnace of packing into is heated, and the fs rises to 350 ℃, 2 hours times spent by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 550 ℃, 2 hours times spent; Phase III is warming up to 800 ℃, 2.5 hours times spent; The quadravalence section is warming up to 950 ℃, 2.5 hours times spent, then abrading-ball is come out of the stove;
Put into oil quenching bath and carry out quench treatment, the quenching oil temperature is 80-140 ℃, and the cool time is 6-8 minute.Reinstall behind the abrading-ball cool to room temperature after the quenching and carry out the low-temperaturetempering processing in the pallet car type tempering stove.
The processing condition of described low-temperaturetempering are: 210 ℃ of temperature, tempering time 8 hours.
Reinstalling special use behind the abrading-ball cool to room temperature after the tempering whips and carries out ageing treatment and defects detection in the control equipment.
After testing, the qualified product performance index are: hardness HRc63.8, falling-ball impact test number of times 〉=20000 time do not occur peeling off and broken phenomenon.
Embodiment 2:
Diameter 50mm high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball chemical ingredients is as follows:
Carbon (C): 2.3%, silicon (Si): 0.82%, manganese (Mn): 0.60%,
Chromium (Cr): 5.1%, phosphorus (P): 0.06%, sulphur (S): 0.05%;
Copper (Cu): 0.04%, molybdenum (Mo): 0.04%, nickel (Ni): 0.03%,
Tungsten (W): 0.02%, compound heavy rare earth alterant (Y-Re): 0.13%,
Iron (Fe): 90.8%.
Diameter 50mm high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball manufacturing process is as follows:
At first, be warming up to 1480-1520 ℃, add Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni again, W alloy reaches desired chemical ingredients steel scrap in advance fusing in medium-frequency induction furnace.Then the compound heavy rare earth alterant is put into hot metal ladle, towards melting and leaving standstill 6 minutes, reach inoculation so that molten iron is gone bad with molten iron.Molten iron after the processing uses the casting direct-reading spectrometer to measure its chemical element content, qualified molten iron then is poured in the mould by the constant temperature pouring device, the as cast condition abrading-ball that forms behind the molten steel solidification process furnace of packing into after the assay was approved carries out austenitizing and handles, behind oily medium quenching, by the low-temperaturetempering operation, finally handle and put in storage after the assay was approved again through the system of whipping.
Abrading-ball adopts the metal pattern casting, and thermal treatment process comprises oil quenching operation and low-temperaturetempering operation.
The processing condition of oil quenching operation are:
The abrading-ball process furnace of packing into is heated, and the fs rises to 400 ℃, 2.5 hours times spent by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 600 ℃, 2.5 hours times spent; Phase III is warming up to 800 ℃, 3 hours times spent; The quadravalence section is warming up to 970 ℃, 3 hours times spent, then abrading-ball is come out of the stove;
Put into oil quenching bath and carry out quench treatment, the quenching oil temperature is 80-140 ℃, and the cool time is 10-12 minute.Reinstall behind the abrading-ball cool to room temperature after the quenching and carry out the low-temperaturetempering processing in the pallet car type tempering stove.
The processing condition of described low-temperaturetempering are: 220 ℃ of temperature, tempering time 8 hours.
Reinstalling special use behind the abrading-ball cool to room temperature after the tempering whips and carries out ageing treatment and defects detection in the control equipment.
After testing, the qualified product performance perameter is: hardness HRc63.6, falling-ball impact test number of times 〉=20000 time do not occur peeling off and broken phenomenon.
Embodiment 3:
Diameter 120mm high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball chemical ingredients is as follows:
Carbon (C): 1.4%, silicon (Si): 0.8%, manganese (Mn): 0.9%,
Chromium (Cr): 6.0%, phosphorus (P): 0.04%, sulphur (S): 0.04%;
Copper (Cu): 0.05%, molybdenum (Mo): 0.03%, nickel (Ni): 0.02%,
Tungsten (W): 0.02%, compound heavy rare earth alterant (Y-Re): 0.13%,
Iron (Fe): 90.7%.
Diameter 100mm high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball manufacturing process is as follows:
At first, be warming up to 1510-1560 ℃, add Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni again, W alloy reaches desired chemical ingredients steel scrap in advance fusing in medium-frequency induction furnace.Then the compound heavy rare earth alterant is put into hot metal ladle, towards melting and leaving standstill 5 minutes, reach inoculation so that molten iron is gone bad with molten iron.Molten iron after the processing uses the casting direct-reading spectrometer to measure its chemical element content, qualified molten iron then is poured in the mould by the constant temperature pouring device, the as cast condition abrading-ball that forms behind the molten steel solidification process furnace of packing into after the assay was approved carries out austenitizing and handles, behind oily medium quenching, by the low-temperaturetempering operation, finally handle and put in storage after the assay was approved again through the system of whipping.
Described abrading-ball adopts the metal pattern casting, and thermal treatment process comprises oil quenching operation and low-temperaturetempering operation.
The processing condition of described oil quenching operation are:
The abrading-ball process furnace of packing into is heated, and the fs rises to 400 ℃, 3 hours times spent by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 600 ℃, 3 hours times spent; Phase III is warming up to 800 ℃, 3.5 hours times spent; The quadravalence section is warming up to 980 ℃, 3.5 hours times spent, then abrading-ball is come out of the stove;
Put into oil quenching bath and carry out quench treatment, the quenching oil temperature is 80-140 ℃, and the cool time is 18-20 minute.Reinstall behind the abrading-ball cool to room temperature after the quenching and carry out the low-temperaturetempering processing in the pallet car type tempering stove.
The processing condition of described low-temperaturetempering are: 240 ℃ of temperature, tempering time 8 hours.
Reinstalling special use behind the abrading-ball cool to room temperature after the tempering whips and carries out ageing treatment and defects detection in the control equipment.
After testing, the qualified product performance perameter is: hardness HRc62.8, falling-ball impact test number of times 〉=18000 time do not occur peeling off and broken phenomenon.
Claims (2)
1. high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball, it is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients of described cast grinding ball is as follows:
Carbon: 1.4-2.5%, silicon: 0.75-0.82%, manganese: 0.46-0.9%,
Chromium: 4.5-6.0%, phosphorus: 0.04-0.06%, sulphur: 0.04-0.054%;
Copper: 0.04-0.06%, molybdenum: 0.03-0.04%, nickel: 0.02-0.03%,
Tungsten: 0.02%, compound heavy rare earth alterant: 0.13-0.15%,
Iron: 90.4-91.4%.
2. the producing and manufacturing technique of a kind of high-carbon multi-element alloy casting grinding ball according to claim 1, used main raw material comprises steel scrap, the production operation step comprises that smelting, casting, thermal treatment and mechanical property detect and whip the system check; Described thermal treatment comprises austenitizing processing, quench treatment and temper, and described quench treatment is that oil quenching is handled, and it is characterized in that:
Described austenitizing is handled, and the fs rises to 350-400 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 550-600 ℃, time 2-3 hour; Phase III is warming up to 800 ℃, time 2.5-3.5 hour; The quadravalence section is warming up to 950-980 ℃, time 2.5-3.5 hour, comes out of the stove;
The quenching oil temperature that described oil quenching is handled is 80-140 ℃, and the cool time is 6-20 minute, and cool to room temperature carries out temper again.
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| CN105039657A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-11 | 江苏金基特钢有限公司 | Method for improving wear-resisting performance of carbon steel |
| CN105671260A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 安徽省凤形耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Non-oil type quenching medium heat treatment method |
| CN105886884B (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽省凤形耐磨材料股份有限公司 | A kind of nano rare earth evanohm cast grinding ball and its production method |
| CN108103414A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-01 | 苏州浩焱精密模具有限公司 | A kind of anti-oxidant mold and its production method |
| CN113174526B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-09-23 | 安徽省凤形新材料科技有限公司 | Production method of corrosion-resistant cast grinding ball special for wet grinding and grinding ball |
| CN113684416B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-05-20 | 安徽瑞泰新材料科技有限公司 | High-through-quenching wear-resistant steel ball and preparation method thereof |
| CN113897475A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-01-07 | 宁国市华丰耐磨材料有限公司 | High-chromium grinding ball stage quenching heat treatment process |
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| CN1054801A (en) * | 1991-04-01 | 1991-09-25 | 河北工学院 | High-strength low-alloy white cast-iron grinding ball and manufacture method thereof |
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