CN1016271B - 外取热器 - Google Patents
外取热器Info
- Publication number
- CN1016271B CN1016271B CN90101048.0A CN90101048A CN1016271B CN 1016271 B CN1016271 B CN 1016271B CN 90101048 A CN90101048 A CN 90101048A CN 1016271 B CN1016271 B CN 1016271B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- external warmer
- pipe
- heat
- housing
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/12—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
- B01J38/30—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas in gaseous suspension, e.g. fluidised bed
- B01J38/32—Indirectly heating or cooling material within regeneration zone or prior to entry into regeneration zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1836—Heating and cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1881—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with particles moving downwards while fluidised
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是一种由多个单元管束和壳体组成的外取热器。每个单元管束由给水管、集水管箱、取热管、集汽管箱和排气管等组成。每个单元管束构成一个独立的汽水回路,可以任意开闭。给水通入管束单元内部,从流经壳体的高温催化剂中取走热量,汽化后经排汽管排出。催化剂以密相形式自上而下流动并被冷却。这种外取热器能有效地控制石油催化裂化过程的操作温度,具有抗磨损能力强,操作可靠,制造方便,价格低廉等优点。
Description
本发明涉及石油化工工艺设备,更具体地讲本发明涉及外取热器。
外取热器是石油化工领域中重质油催化裂化装置的关键设备之一。重质油裂化过程是在催化剂作用下进行的,外取热器的作用一般是通过取热介质(如水)循环取走重油催化裂化过程中过剩热量并产生蒸汽,同时使高温催化剂得到冷却,从而将工艺过程的温度控制在要求范围内。
已提出许多烃类催化裂化装置用的裂化催化剂冷却装置,如U.S.2,428,914;2,707,701等,其中一种是围绕催化剂螺旋输送管道外侧的催化剂冷却器,而另一种则是置于催化剂再生器内部的冷却盘管。另外,US3,791,441也提出了一种烃裂化气,特别是合成气的冷却装置,其中气体加压通过金属浴,与其直接接触换热而达到冷却。
但是,到目前为止,还没有找到一种特别有效地适合于重油催化裂化装置用的较理想的外取热器或者冷却装置,总的说来,现有催化剂冷却装置存在传热效率低,结构庞大,难于制造,调节不灵活等缺点,难于满足要求越来越苛刻的重油催化裂化装置中取热或冷却负荷大,必须具备尺寸紧凑,易于制造,安装方便,操作灵活,运行可靠等要求。
本发明目的就在于设计一种新型的外取热器,代替上述的催化剂冷却装置。本发明的外取热器由管束和壳体组成,每个单元管束由给水管,集水管箱,取热管,集汽管箱和排汽管组成汽水回路。高温催化剂从取热管外侧流过时,其热量被水和/或汽取走。
本发明提出的这种外取热器克服了现有技术中的缺点,它能够有效地控制和调节重油催化裂化过程所要求的温度,并且具有运行可靠,加工方便和造价低廉等优越性。
现在参照附图来说明本发明,其中:
图1为本发明外取热器结构的纵剖面图,其中用箭头示出了操作时物料运行方式;
图2为本发明外取热器中集水管箱内部结构及其连接方式;
图3为本发明外取热器中集汽管箱内部结构及其连接方式。
图中编号:
1-给水管
2-集水管箱
3-集汽管箱
4-1-侧枝取热管
4-2-中心取热套
5-排汽管
6-壳体
A1-侧枝取热管横向截面积
A2-中心取热套管环形截面积
7-催化剂入口
8-催化剂出口管
9-导向支架
10-封头
11-流化气体入口
12-流化气体返回口
13-流化气体分配器
本发明外取热器如图1所示,由至少一个单元管束和壳体所组成。实际操作中可根据例如催化裂化装置取热量大小而选择合适的单元管束数量。
本发明基本上由管束和壳体组成的外取热器中包括:
a.基本上垂直的圆柱形壳体(6),其端部接壳体封头(10),
b.一个或多个独立的换热单元管束,置于所说的圆柱形壳体(6)之内,每一个所说换热单元管束为封闭式管束结构且包括给水管(1),集水管箱(2),一根环绕给水管(1)的中心取热套管(4-2)和一根或多根侧枝取热管(4-1),集汽管箱(3)和排汽管(5)并依此顺序构成独立的水-汽回路,每个所说换热单元管束固定在所说壳体封头(10)上,
c.催化剂入口管(7),催化剂出口管(8),流化气体入口管(11)和流化气体出口管(12),均设于所说壳体(6)或所说壳体封头(10)上。
本发明单元管束或称取热元件为封闭式管束结构,其中构成的独立汽-水回路可任意关闭。所说壳体(6)为钢制并在内壁衬隔热耐磨衬里。为保证每个单元管束中各支路的循环流率基本上一致,如图2和图3所示,要求侧枝每个取热管(4-1)之流通截面A1与中心取热管(4-2)之环形流通截面A2的面积比保持在A1/A2=0.5-1.5之间。所说每个单元管束与外取热器壳体封头(10)的固定采用垂直水冷壁自支承结构,并且每个单元管束中的排汽管(5)牢固地焊接在壳体封头(10)的顶部,使每个管束的排汽管既是取热元件的一部分,又兼作吊架用。而且,在所说壳体(6)的适当位置焊接有若干数量的导向支架(9),用以限制单元管束的横向位移。
在本发明外取热器壳体(6)的下部设有流化气体分配器(13),以此用流化气体使待冷却催化剂流态化,从而以密相形式从上向下流动。
在本发明提出的外取热器之中,每个单元管束或取热元件中,高温催化剂以密相形式自上而下流动。而水则从给水管(1)先进入集水管箱(2),然后往上流动并通过取热管(4-1)和(4-2),吸热汽化后进入集汽管箱(3),再由排汽管(5)排出,从而完成整个取热过程。流化气体(可为空气或其它不燃气体)经由开口(11)引入,经流化气体分配器(13)而进入外取热器,促使从催化剂入口管(7)进入外取热器的固体催化剂处于流化状态,之后流化气体经外取热器上部的出口管(12)排出。
本发明提出的这种外取热器可与催化剂再生装置一起用于催化裂化装置。这种外取热器取热能力强,可有效地控制重油催化裂化过程的操作温度,由于采用了多个单元管束,而且每个单元管束可任意开闭,所以能适应各种不同的取热量要求,调节灵活可靠。在该外取热器内,催化剂在壳体中以密相形式自上而下流动,流速比较低,因此磨损小,操作寿命长。又由于单元管束管件的承压能力较高,并且吊架采用垂直水冷壁自支承结构,因而更可以节省金属材料,降低造价。
以下列出本发明外取热器一个非限制性实施例的参数:
实施例
热负荷 Q=2700×104W
催化剂入口温度 750℃
催化剂出口温度 650℃
蒸汽压力 4.2MPa
总传热系数 370-460W/M2·°K
传热面积A 160m2
单元管束面积 8m2
管束单元数 20
取热管长度 6m
以上说明的是本发明实施方案的一个具体例子,其中的取热介
质,被冷却物质及外取热器的结构均已具体化了。但是,在本发明总体发明构思的前提下,本专业人员仍可作出属于本发明的各种改进或其它具体实施方案。
Claims (8)
1、一种包括管束和壳体的外取热器,其特征在于,其中包括:
a.基本上垂直的圆柱形壳体(6),其端部接壳体封头(10),
b.一个或多个独立的换热单元管束,置于所说的圆柱形壳体(6)之内,每一个所说换热单元管束为封闭式管束结构且包括给水管(1),集水管箱(2),一根环绕给水管(1)的中心取热套管(4-2)和一根或多根侧枝取热管(4-1),集汽管箱(3)和排汽管(5)并依此顺序构成独立的水-汽回路,每个所说换热单元管束固定在所说壳体封头(10)上,
c.催化剂入口管(7),催化剂出口管(8),流化气体入口管(11)和流化气体出口管(12),均设于所说壳体(6)或所说壳体封头(10)上。
2、根据权利要求1所述的外取热器,其特征在于,所说壳体(6)为钢制并在内壁衬隔热耐磨衬里。
3、根据权利要求1所述的外取热器,其特征在于,侧枝单个取热管(4-1)之流通截面A1与中心取热套管(4-2)之环形流通截面A2的面积比在0.5-1.5之间。
4、根据权利要求1所述的外取热器,其特征在于,每一个所说换热单元管束与所说壳体封头(10)的固定采用垂直水冷壁自支承结构。
5、根据权利要求4所述的外取热器,其特征在于,所说排汽管(5)兼作吊架而牢固地焊接在所说壳体封头(10)上。
6、根据权利要求1所述的外取热器,其特征在于,在所说壳体(6)的适当位置焊接适当数量的导向支架(9),以限制换热单元管束的横向位移。
7、根据权利要求1所述的外取热器,其特征在于,在所说壳体(6)的下部设有流化气体分配器(13),以此用流化气体使催化剂流化而以密相形式由上向下流动。
8、根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的外取热器,其特征在于,该外取热器与催化剂再生系统一起用于催化裂化装置。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN90101048.0A CN1016271B (zh) | 1990-03-07 | 1990-03-07 | 外取热器 |
US07/658,719 US5242012A (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1991-02-21 | Apparatus and process for cooling fluid solid particles |
US08/068,988 US5351749A (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1993-05-27 | Process for cooling fluid solid particles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN90101048.0A CN1016271B (zh) | 1990-03-07 | 1990-03-07 | 外取热器 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1045644A CN1045644A (zh) | 1990-09-26 |
CN1016271B true CN1016271B (zh) | 1992-04-15 |
Family
ID=4876918
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90101048.0A Expired CN1016271B (zh) | 1990-03-07 | 1990-03-07 | 外取热器 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5242012A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1016271B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11384417B2 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2022-07-12 | Universität des Saarlandes | Sulfurous metallic glass forming alloy |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI97424C (fi) * | 1993-06-23 | 1996-12-10 | Foster Wheeler Energia Oy | Menetelmä ja laite kuuman kaasun käsittelemiseksi tai hyödyntämiseksi |
US7273543B2 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2007-09-25 | Stone & Webster Process Technology, Inc. | Process and apparatus for controlling catalyst temperature in a catalyst stripper |
BRPI0923451B1 (pt) | 2008-12-15 | 2018-03-13 | Sasol Technology Proprietary | Processos para regenerar um catalisador de síntese de fischer-tropsch, e de síntese de fischer-tropsch. |
CN104368279B (zh) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-06-01 | 安徽新月化工设备有限公司 | 一种水移热的径向恒温反应器 |
CN105385469A (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-09 | 天津市天环精细化工研究所 | 一种催化剂冷却器 |
WO2017187240A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Thermax Limited | A particulate removal system |
CN106323057B (zh) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-08-10 | 洛阳明远石化技术有限公司 | 外取热器 |
CN106197064B (zh) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-06 | 洛阳明远石化技术有限公司 | 换热管以及具有该换热管的换热器 |
FR3057654B1 (fr) * | 2016-10-14 | 2019-06-28 | Axens | Dispositif de refroidissement d'un solide caloporteur destine a en controler precisement la temperature, le dit dispositif pouvant etre associe a un procede endothermique ou exothermique. |
US10782075B2 (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2020-09-22 | Technip Process Technology, Inc. | Catalyst heat removal cluster and tube design |
CN109331748B (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2023-12-08 | 洛阳泰美石化设备研究所 | 一种管束式外取热器装置的制造方法 |
CN111744434B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-04-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于甲烷氧化偶联反应的固定床反应器及甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯的方法 |
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US3013773A (en) * | 1954-10-11 | 1961-12-19 | Sinclair Refining Co | Heat exchange apparatus |
US2995426A (en) * | 1956-12-04 | 1961-08-08 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Elevated fluidizing reactor |
DE2704975C2 (de) * | 1977-02-07 | 1982-12-23 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung für Wirbelbettreaktoren zur Durchführung von Gas/Feststoff-Reaktionen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Siliciumhalogenverbindungen mittels Silicium-enthaltender Kontaktmassen |
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-
1990
- 1990-03-07 CN CN90101048.0A patent/CN1016271B/zh not_active Expired
-
1991
- 1991-02-21 US US07/658,719 patent/US5242012A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-05-27 US US08/068,988 patent/US5351749A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11384417B2 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2022-07-12 | Universität des Saarlandes | Sulfurous metallic glass forming alloy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1045644A (zh) | 1990-09-26 |
US5242012A (en) | 1993-09-07 |
US5351749A (en) | 1994-10-04 |
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