CN101622945A - Open box system for determining whole tree gas exchange - Google Patents
Open box system for determining whole tree gas exchange Download PDFInfo
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- CN101622945A CN101622945A CN200810012276A CN200810012276A CN101622945A CN 101622945 A CN101622945 A CN 101622945A CN 200810012276 A CN200810012276 A CN 200810012276A CN 200810012276 A CN200810012276 A CN 200810012276A CN 101622945 A CN101622945 A CN 101622945A
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Abstract
The invention relates to plant-atmosphere gas exchange determination technology, in particular to an open box system for determining whole tree gas exchange, which solves the problems that the prior art has no mature observation system with reliable use, simple and convenient operation and commercialization directly applied to single plant level gas exchange observation and the like. The system comprises lifting equipment, an air buffer box, a box body, a base, a piping system and a gas analyzer, wherein the box body used for closing determined tree is connected with the lifting equipment and arranged on the base; the air buffer box is communicated with the box body; and a sensor of the gas analyzer is communicated with the box body through the piping system. The system can realize simultaneous observation of gas concentration of CO2 and H2O of the whole tree, automatically acquire and store data, and automatically monitor air temperature of the box body, relative air humidity, photosynthetic active radiation, atmospheric pressure and other environment factors, and is favorable for research and application of tree gas exchange.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant-atmosphere gas exchange determination techniques, be specially a kind of open box system of measuring the whole tree gas exchange, it be can the whole tree gas exchange open box system.
Background technology
Since the industrial revolution, because the reinforcement of mankind's activity, resource-hungry social development pattern begins undesirable extention, has caused the rapid variation of terrestrial climate system and terrestrial ecosystem process.Make CO in the atmosphere comprising burning owing to fossil fuel
2The concentration of isothermal chamber gas constantly rises, and causes the exchange of carbon cycle and carbon to be interfered, and natural carbon balance is upset.Also have the soil to cover of the strong influence of the irrational utilization of variation and water resource to the terrestrial ecosystem water circulation.The interaction of above problem has aggravated serial global environment problem, and mankind itself's existence and sustainable development of social economy have been brought huge threat.And the gas exchange between forest and atmosphere is the main biochemical pathway of global carbon water circulation, and this also makes the research of this aspect play an important role in global change research due.
At present, mainly concentrate on for the gas exchange observational study between forest and atmosphere: utilize portable photosynthetic instrument to the gas exchange observation of organizing level (single leaf, pin bunch, root system or trunk etc.), utilize gas exchange observation and other the application of microclimate method such as indirect methods such as stable isotope technology, aeronautical technologies to ecosystem level.Shang Weiyou uses reliable, easy and simple to handle, commercial ripe observation system to directly apply to the observation of individual plant level (being whole tree) gas exchange.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of economical and practical, applied widely, open box system of transforming mensuration whole tree gas exchange convenient and simple to operate, solve in the prior art and do not use reliable, easy and simple to handle, commercial ripe observation system to directly apply to problems such as individual plant level (being whole tree) gas exchange observation, fill up the blank of whole tree gas exchange observation system.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of open box system of measuring the whole tree gas exchange, this system comprises jacking equipment, air cushioning case, casing, base, pipe-line system and gas analyzer, the casing that is used for airtight tested trees is connected with jacking equipment, casing is arranged on the base, the air cushioning case is communicated with casing, and the sensor of gas analyzer is communicated with casing by pipe-line system.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange, jacking equipment is a nose suspension type, above tested trees, build a crossbeam, pulley is installed at the crossbeam middle part, and the crossbeam height is 2-3 a times of box height, settles the rope twist device of control casing lifting on the ground, rope one end connect box, the rope other end connects the twist device through the pulley at crossbeam middle part.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange, casing adopt steel weldering system framework, and the framework surface is covered with transparent polyethylene film and wrapped up in into case, covers when wrapping up in dual face seals glue film to be bonded on the framework.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange is installed gas mixing fan at box house.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange, base comprises base plate and draw-in groove, and draw-in groove is installed on the base plate, seals with fluid sealant, and box sealing is placed on the draw-in groove.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange drills through the circular hole that allows tested trees trunk to pass through at the base plate center, the base plate strip channel that makes things convenient for trunk to enter to the outer cutting along the aperture of this circular hole.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange, installation shaft flow fan in the pipeline that is communicated with between air cushioning case and the casing.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange, the air cushioning case is communicated with casing one side by air inlet pipeline, installation shaft flow fan in the air inlet pipeline, the casing opposite side is installed outlet pipe; Gas analyzer adopts portable photosynthetic instrument, the control of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other by cable with the sensor of portable photosynthetic instrument with the operating desk part, the sensor of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other with air inlet pipeline by air inlet pipe, the sensor of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other with outlet pipe by escape pipe, is separately installed with air pump on air inlet pipe, the escape pipe.
The open box system of described mensuration whole tree gas exchange, the assay determination of portable photosynthetic instrument partly are infrared gas analyser, and air inlet and gas outlet are connected to infrared gas analyser by external air pump respectively.
The described air pump of acquiring separately, external air pump adopts micro air pump, and its flow is 1L/min to the maximum.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, among the present invention, jacking equipment is a nose suspension type, can also install and fix the affiliated facility of casing on the suspension bracket; The air cushioning case is used to avoid the outside air of high fluctuation concentration directly to enter casing; Casing is used for the tested trees of cover button, and gas mixing fan has been installed in inside; Base is made up of base plate and draw-in groove two parts, and draw-in groove is used for seal case; Pipe-line system is used to be communicated with air cushioning case and casing and discharges gas, between air cushioning case and casing axial flow blower is housed.
2, to box house continuous feeding natural air, the other end carries out exhaust simultaneously, thereby has constituted an open system by blower fan, additional air pump and pipeline in the present invention.
3, the present invention by the gas analyzer on the portable photosynthetic instrument sensor to box house CO
2And H
2The monitoring of O gas concentration can realize whole tree CO
2And H
2Observation in the time of the O gas concentration, can directly reflect the whole tree air exchange property that is enclosed in box house, and can gather and store data automatically, envirment factors such as casing air themperature, relative air humidity, photosynthetic active radiation and atmospheric pressure be can monitor automatically, the research and the application of trees gas exchange helped.
4, gas analyzer of the present invention adopts the portable photosynthetic instrument of Li-6400 of U.S. LICOR company, need transform the gas circuit of this instrument during mensuration, the tracheae (being air inlet pipe) of the former reference cell of portable photosynthetic instrument no longer passes through the air pump of photosynthetic instrument main frame, and directly be communicated on the infrared gas analyser (IRGA) through the air pump of acquiring separately, as the pipeline of casing air inlet gas concentration; The former gas that enters sample room is also no longer shunted by air inlet pipe and is obtained, and obtains but directly extracted by the gas outlet by the air pump of acquiring separately, carries out the gas concentration measuring of casing gas outlet.The gas analyzer of transforming is the gas concentration of casing air inlet and gas outlet simultaneously, can calculate the whole tree gas exchange rate according to the gas concentration difference of air inlet/outlet.
5, the present invention drills through a circular opening at the base plate center, passes through to allow tested trees trunk, and enters to make things convenient for trunk to outer strip channel of cutting along this aperture.
6, in addition, if the base plate of system of the present invention is removed, directly draw-in groove is embedded in ground and it is sealed all right soil and the common gas exchange of whole tree directly measured of this system on every side.Therefore, utilization system of the present invention can directly put in order the gas exchange observational study between strain plant and atmosphere and between soil-plant system and atmosphere.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 an example of the present invention installation diagram.
Fig. 2 draw-in groove design diagram of the present invention.
Schematic diagram before and after Fig. 3-Fig. 4 portable photosynthetic instrument of the present invention is transformed.Wherein, Fig. 3 is for before transforming; Fig. 4 is for after transforming.
Wherein, the control of the portable photosynthetic instrument of A and operating desk part; The sensor of the portable photosynthetic instrument of B (assay determination part IRGA); The C casing; D air cushioning case; The tested trees of E;
The expression airflow direction;
1 air inlet pipe; 2 escape pipes; 3 blower fans; 4 air pumps; 5 gas mixing fans; 6 ropes; 7 crossbeams; 8 pulleys; 9 twist devices; 10 base plates; 11 draw-in grooves; 12 draw-in groove peripheries; 13 casing underframes; Enclose in 14 draw-in grooves; 15 circular holes; 16 base plate strip channels; The 17Li-6400 air pump; 18 external air pumps; 19 air inlet pipelines; 20 outlet pipes; 21 trunks.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention's open box system of measuring the whole tree gas exchange mainly contains six parts:
Jacking equipment, air cushioning case, casing, base, pipe-line system and gas analyzer, the casing that is used for airtight tested trees is connected with jacking equipment, casing is arranged on the base, and the air cushioning case is communicated with casing, and the sensor of gas analyzer is communicated with casing by pipe-line system.Concrete structure is as follows:
Jacking equipment: be nose suspension type.At first, directly over tested trees E, along the east-west crossbeam 7 of building, pulley 8 is installed at crossbeam 7 middle parts.Crossbeam 7 highly is 2-3 a times of casing C height, and length can be advisable with casing C in loose lifting.Then, settle the twist device 9 of a sets of cords 6 on the ground, with the lifting of control casing C.Rope 6 one end connect box C, the pulley 8 through crossbeam 7 middle parts connects twist device 9 again.When needs casing C cover is buckled, just casing C is put down; After mensuration is finished, can rise casing C by twist device 9.In order to prevent that under the strong wind situation casing C that rises to eminence waves, can also install and fix the affiliated facility of casing C on the suspension bracket.
Air cushioning case D: air cushioning case D can rely on its volume that air is mixed naturally on the one hand, make the gas concentration that enters casing C change even relatively, avoid the outside air of high fluctuation concentration directly to enter casing C, and influence the stability of tested plant physiology activity; Can stop extraneous stronger fitful wind to directly act on blower fan on the other hand, avoid the variation of the rotation speed of fan that causes thus, keep the stability of air velocity.The size of general baffle-box is as the criterion to the casing air feed continuously guaranteeing.
Casing C: for hardness and the intensity that guarantees casing C, and at utmost reduce frame structure to the blocking of light in the case, adopting cross section is 1.5 * 1.5cm steel weldering system framework.Casing C size is made with tested trees E tree crown size design.The framework surface is covered with transparent polyethylene film and is wrapped up in into case, covers when wrapping up in dual face seals glue film to be bonded on the framework.Because the proportion of many gases causes local gas concentration difference in the case in order to prevent the gas sedimentation, and reduces the evaluated error that this phenomenon causes greater than air, and the gas mixing fan 5 of four 12V has been installed at casing C interior diagonal line position.In addition, (selecting these two ends mainly is in order to reduce shading) connected two heavy caliber flexible pipes (air inlet pipeline 19, outlet pipe 20) respectively in casing C thing both sides, constitutes the part of pipe-line system.Flexible pipe is movable, can unload in casing C lifting process.
Base: the base of casing C is formed (see figure 2) by base plate 10 and draw-in groove 11 two parts, and draw-in groove 11 surrounds for the draw-in groove peripheral 12 that is positioned at the outside encloses 14 with the draw-in groove that is positioned at the inboard, and base plate 10 and draw-in groove 11 usefulness bolts seal with fluid sealant after installing together again.Base plate 10 sizes and shape are set with casing C cross section, generally than casing C bottom length and width extension 15-20cm.Drill through a circular opening (circular hole 15) at base plate 10 centers, pass through with the trunk 21 that allows tested trees E.Circular hole 15 apertures are adjusted according to the trunk diameter size.Enter (see figure 2) to outer base plate strip channel 16 of cutting to make things convenient for trunk 21 along this aperture, substructure height is designed to live about the low 3cm of branch than trees first.The purpose of design of draw-in groove 11 is to make things convenient for oil storage with airtight casing C when measuring, and material is plastic-aluminum or plastic-steel, this material waterproof and to CO
2Influence is little.Draw-in groove 11 size strictnesses are according to casing C cross section size, and the degree of depth of draw-in groove 11 and width are being advisable by the loose casing underframe 13 of putting into, and the draw-in groove degree of depth of this example and width all are 3cm.
Pipe-line system: comprise air inlet pipeline 19, outlet pipe 20, air inlet pipe 1, escape pipe 2 etc., be used to be communicated with air cushioning case D and casing C and discharge gas, the axial flow blower of 220V is housed between air cushioning case D and casing C, and pipe diameter is adjusted with the blower fan diameter.
Gas analyzer: gas analyzer adopts the portable photosynthetic instrument of Li-6400 of U.S. LICOR company, the control of portable photosynthetic instrument and operating desk part A are arranged at outside the casing C, the sensor of portable photosynthetic instrument (assay determination part IRGA, Infrared Gas Analyzers infrared ray gas analyzer) B also is arranged at outside the casing C, to measure the gas concentration situation of change in the casing C, can also measure the variation of envirment factors such as the interior light of casing C, temperature simultaneously.Air cushioning case D is communicated with casing C one side by air inlet pipeline 19, installation shaft flow fan 3 in the air inlet pipeline 19, casing C opposite side is installed outlet pipe 20, the control of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other by cable with the sensor B of portable photosynthetic instrument with the operating desk part A, the sensor B of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other with air inlet pipeline 19 by air inlet pipe 1, the sensor B of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other with outlet pipe 20 by escape pipe 2, is separately installed with air pump 4 on air inlet pipe 1, the escape pipe 2.
The present invention has carried out simple transformation (Fig. 3-Fig. 4) to it, mainly be that gas circuit is transformed: the tracheae of former reference cell (being air inlet pipe) no longer passes through the Li-6400 air pump 17 of former analyzer, and direct external air pump 18 (micro air pump through acquiring separately, 12V, maximum stream flow 1L/min) is connected on the infrared gas analyser (IRGA), as the pipeline of measuring casing C air inlet gas concentration; The former gas that enters sample room is no longer shunted by air inlet pipe and is obtained, and obtains but directly extracted by the gas outlet by the external air pump of acquiring separately 18, carries out the gas concentration measuring of casing C gas outlet.In addition, gas analyzer is positioned in casing C outside, makes mensuration comparatively convenient.Simplification is described as: utilize additional air pump and pipeline, at casing C air inlet and place, gas outlet continuous acquisition gas, introduce analyzer and measure simultaneously.
System of the present invention operation is easier, concludes each observation cycle and mainly contains five operating process:
(1) casing C landing;
(2) casing C is connected with air cushioning case D;
(3) blower fan 3 starts, and instrument A, B begin observation, record;
(4) minute finishes, and instrument A, B close;
(5) casing C rises.
After measure finishing, the gas exchange rate of tested trees E is calculated, computing formula is as follows:
(1) CO
2The exchange rate computing formula:
In the formula, U represents the airflow rate (ms of blower fan 3
-1), this speed is the measured value of additional blower fan 3, just need blower fan 3 flow velocitys be tested before instrument is installed; C
Inlet, C
OutletThe CO that represents air inlet and gas outlet respectively
2Gas concentration (μ molCO
2Mol
-1), the reference cell and the CO of sample room of the photosynthetic instrument record of improved Li-6400
2Concentration (CO
2R, CO
2S) value is their numerical value.
(2) H
2O exchange rate computing formula is as follows:
H
Inlet, H
OutletThe H that represents air inlet and gas outlet respectively
2O gas concentration (μ mol H
2Omol
-1), their numerical value can be by the reference cell and the H of sample room of the photosynthetic instrument record of improved Li-6400
2O concentration (H
2OR, H
2OS) obtain.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of open box system of measuring the whole tree gas exchange, it is characterized in that: this system comprises jacking equipment, air cushioning case, casing, base, pipe-line system and gas analyzer, the casing that is used for airtight tested trees is connected with jacking equipment, casing is arranged on the base, the air cushioning case is communicated with casing, and the sensor of gas analyzer is communicated with casing by pipe-line system.
2, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 1 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: jacking equipment is a nose suspension type, above tested trees, build a crossbeam, pulley is installed at the crossbeam middle part, and the crossbeam height is 2-3 a times of box height, settles the rope twist device of control casing lifting on the ground, rope one end connect box, the rope other end connects the twist device through the pulley at crossbeam middle part.
3, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 1 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: casing adopts steel weldering system framework, the framework surface is covered with transparent polyethylene film and is wrapped up in into case, covers when wrapping up in dual face seals glue film to be bonded on the framework.
4, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 3 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: gas mixing fan is installed at box house.
5, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 1 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: base comprises base plate and draw-in groove, and draw-in groove is installed on the base plate, seals with fluid sealant, and box sealing is placed on the draw-in groove.
6, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 5 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: drill through the circular hole that allows tested trees trunk to pass through at the base plate center, the base plate strip channel that makes things convenient for trunk to enter to the outer cutting along the aperture of this circular hole.
7, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 1 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: installation shaft flow fan in the pipeline that is communicated with between air cushioning case and the casing.
8, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 1 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: the air cushioning case is communicated with casing one side by air inlet pipeline, installation shaft flow fan in the air inlet pipeline, and the casing opposite side is installed outlet pipe; Gas analyzer adopts portable photosynthetic instrument, the control of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other by cable with the sensor of portable photosynthetic instrument with the operating desk part, the sensor of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other with air inlet pipeline by air inlet pipe, the sensor of portable photosynthetic instrument links to each other with outlet pipe by escape pipe, is separately installed with air pump on air inlet pipe, the escape pipe.
9, according to the open box system of the described mensuration whole tree of claim 8 gas exchange, it is characterized in that: the assay determination of portable photosynthetic instrument partly is infrared gas analyser, and air inlet and gas outlet are connected to infrared gas analyser by external air pump respectively.
10. the open box system of mensuration whole tree gas exchange as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: external air pump adopts micro air pump, and its flow is 1L/min to the maximum.
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| CN200810012276A CN101622945A (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-07-11 | Open box system for determining whole tree gas exchange |
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| CN200810012276A CN101622945A (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-07-11 | Open box system for determining whole tree gas exchange |
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| CN104459052A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Vegetation evapotranspiration monitoring device and method suitable for complex surface |
| CN106018015A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-10-12 | 福建师范大学 | Static box for measuring methane transmission rate of mangrove forest trunks |
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| CN109632686A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-16 | 山东省地质调查院（山东省国土资源厅矿产勘查技术指导中心） | Closed layered soil carbon dioxide flux measuring device and method |
| CN109900643A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-18 | 石河子大学 | The rapid determination device of cotton bell leaf system system photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103278433A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-09-04 | 北京林业大学 | Device and method for researching particle absorbing capability of plants |
| CN103278433B (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2015-07-15 | 北京林业大学 | Device and method for researching particle absorbing capability of plants |
| CN104459052A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Vegetation evapotranspiration monitoring device and method suitable for complex surface |
| CN104459052B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-05-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of vegetation that is applicable to complicated earth surface evapotranspire monitoring device and method |
| CN106018015A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-10-12 | 福建师范大学 | Static box for measuring methane transmission rate of mangrove forest trunks |
| CN108072548A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-25 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of plant VOCs gas collecting devices |
| CN109632686A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-16 | 山东省地质调查院（山东省国土资源厅矿产勘查技术指导中心） | Closed layered soil carbon dioxide flux measuring device and method |
| CN109632686B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-06-04 | 吉林大学 | Closed layered soil carbon dioxide flux measuring device and method |
| CN109900643A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-18 | 石河子大学 | The rapid determination device of cotton bell leaf system system photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate |
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Open date: 20100113 |