CN101610681A - Be used to strengthen the method and the feed of ruminant animal nutrition - Google Patents

Abstract

Be used in lactation cycle multistage and improve the method that the feed rations of the stability of giving milk of ruminant is raised ruminant according to the invention provides.Described feed rations should contain: be selected from least a main forage source by the following group of forming: arteries and veins corn Silage, grain are raised dual-purpose maize ensilage, leafy corn Silage and careless ensilage in the brown leaf; Be selected from the less important forage source by the following group of forming: grain is raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage, clover is stored sth. in a cellar the semiarid feed, alfalfa hay material, careless ensilage, and clover/careless mixture; The corn cereal admixture of opaque/powdery and vitreous/hard endosperm starch cereal wherein can admixture normal horse profile of tooth corn or cenospecies corn, to obtain the external starch digestibility of predeterminated level; The grain component that mixes is so further processed, with the starch of the described mixing of producing specified particle size.Consume the ruminal environment in the cow of described feed rations according to the feed rations optimization of this method preparation, be used to produce the stability of giving milk of raising.

Description

Be used to strengthen the method and the feed of ruminant animal nutrition

Cross reference to related application

The application is the U.S.S.N.11/494 that submits on July 27th, 2006, and 312 part continues, described U.S.S.N.11/494, and 312 are incorporated into this by reference fully.

Invention field

The present invention relates to the nutrition of ruminant, and more particularly, relate to the feed rations that is used to strengthen milk cow, with method in whole their milk net production, the peak value milk yield of milk bovine lactation cycle maximization and the stability of giving milk.

Background of invention

Before the neonate can digest more different food products, milk provided main source of nutrition for them.Simultaneously, the milk that derives from commercial source such as milk cow can provide nutritional interest for the mankind after the brephic very early for a long time the mankind.Milk cow produces their milk according to the natural indication in lactation cycle.In the process, good diet energy source is crucial, and in the rising stage process of the peak value of giving milk that causes milk cow, protein is particular importance during high the giving milk in this lactation cycle.The cattle farm master has utilized arbitrary way to increase milk crop.For example, the reorganization bovine somatotropin of FDA approval was just sold by Monsanto company from 1994.In the lactation period process, this " bST " hormone is administered to milk cow, increase their milk crop.The dairy cow nutrition situation that strengthens also will increase milk crop, and can allow the bigger reaction to the bST hormone of being used.

Increase the another kind of method give milk and in feed rations, caused application by the corn Silage of the hybrid plant production of arteries and veins bm3 gene pure in to the brown leaf.Referring to U.S. Patent number 5,767,080; 5,859,353; 5,969,222; 5,977,458; With authorize 6,114,609 of Beck etc.Yet, with rumen microorganism colony the needed cud of the combination time of staying that feed is digested to desirable volatile fatty acid (VFAs) is compared, the higher fiber digestibility level (NDFd) of BMR corn Silage has also shown and has caused that too high feed link crosses the speed of cow rumen.This can cause in the cud of milk cow that excessive VFA produces, the particularly generation of propionic acid, if feed rations not by correct balance and correct production phase of milk cow give with, reduce the buffer capacity (the effective neutral detergent fiber of lower physics (neutral detergentfiber) (" peNDF ")) of whole diet thus, and in milk cow, cause acidosis and other metabolic problems.And, " BMR " corn hybrid has so also shown output to be reduced, unfavorable Agroeconomics when it may hinder the care results and the peasant of forage (forage) output are to their plantation, if particularly when feeding resulting BMR corn Silage to milk cow, aware described net production and descend above the words of the increase of giving milk.

The feed rations cost accounts for the 45-60% of the totle drilling cost of producing milk, and therefore optimized nutrition is important.Ideally, should keep suitable trophic level, carefully keep feed cost simultaneously.Raising is given milk in described optimized nutrition, improves the holistic health of milk cow, and reduces relevant cost such as animal doctor's bill, drug therapy and raising.

The main nutrition kind important to the milk cow dispensing is carbohydrate, fat, protein, mineral matter, vitamin and water.Therefore although fiber is not a kind of nutrition in definition strictly speaking, it importantly influences the digestion of milk cow, and when the formula feed dispensing, cattle farm master or nutritionist must consider it.Indigested feed and chyme (digesta) from reticulum enter cud, and cud mainly act as big fermentation tank.The material that holds the 40-60 gallon, it also holds the content of bacterium, protozoan and the fungi of estimating every 1,500 hundred million.If forage and cereal with correct balance are raised, 5.8-6.4pH that obtains in cud and 100-108 condition should allow these important microbial growths.

Through ruminating processing, cow reduces the granularity of feed in cud, and this has strengthened microbial action, and allows to flow out from the chamber, gastric area easilier.Because the strong musculature of cud, cud allow to mix and stir chyme.

Provide with the purpose of daily feed (diet) breeding milk cow of nutrient balance and to make micro-organisms and the maximized ruminal environment of growth.Micropopulation in cud is made up of bacterium, protozoan and fungi.Rumen ph is one of the most variable factor, and it can influence the level of the volatile fatty acid of this micropopulation and generation.The aid digestion thing of fiber (digester) has activity most at pH=6.2-6.8.When pH began to be lower than 6.0, cellulolytic bacterium and methane-producing bacteria may reduce.The preferred sourer environment of starch is aid digestion thing microorganism, pH=5.2-6.0.The protozoan of some species can be lower than 5.5 pH and greatly suppress.In order to be in harmonious proportion all these needs, normal raising practice should remain on pH=5.8-6.4.

In cud, these microorganisms can digested carbohydrate, protein and fiber.By this digestion process, utilizable volatile fatty acid of animal (" VFA ") and microprotein have been produced.Have structure (NDF) and structureless (sugar and starch) carbohydrate the two all in cud, experienced microbial fermentation, to produce VFA, as acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, and various other acid of trace.Acetate can account for the 50-60% of total VFA, and takes advantage in the daily feed of high forage.Fully the generation of the acetate of level is important for keeping sufficient butterfat level in cud.Simultaneously, propionic acid can account for the 18-20% of total VFA, and reaches its maximum concentration in the daily feed of high cereal.Propionic acid provides energy by be converted into blood sugar in liver, and utilizes in lactose (milk lactose or milk sugar) is synthetic.Rumen microorganism also acts on by the thick protein synthetic animalcule albumen matter in the feed rations, to produce amino acid.Amino acid produces milk protein again.

Cattle farm master or Animal nutrition scholar have multiple heterogeneity to select to be used for the purpose of breeding milk cow now.Perhaps, the most traditional daily feed is a grass, and it can easily obtain by allowing milk cow to herd on the pasture.For raising purpose, such feed resource is relatively inexpensive and convenient.Yet, in the several months in the winter time, being in hibernation at a plurality of regional grass of raising cow at that time, it also may be natural unavailable.In addition, do not contain abundant digestible nutrients without the grassland that replenishes, to support high-caliber milk production.In fact, the milk cow of only raising with grass will typically only produce 40 pounds of milk every day.

The hay composition has minced on length and is partly dry to reduce its humidity level's grass.Can raise cow with hay all the year round.It can be used for controlling the cud motility and promote to ruminate and chew.Yet it has the relatively low energy level identical with its careless precursor, and the cow for mainly raising with hay only produces 40 pounds of milk every day.

The other end at energy spectrum is a cereal, such as corn cereal.Because carbohydrate and protein height, cereal is useful for the milk crop that increases milk cow.But if milk cow is only raised with cereal, it will produce the high volume lactic acid and the propionic acid of unnaturally in cud.These a large amount of two kinds of acid are passed cud wall being absorbed in the blood and are caused system's acidosis in the cow.Rumen ph is reduced to and is lower than 5.5 the very level of acid.This causes cow to detest feed, and this will cause low milk crop level, the abomasum of displacement in a short time, and if do not treat for a long time and will cause possible death, and simultaneously high animal doctor cost.

The scientific research of the utilization of the forage composition in the daily feed of milk cow has been devoted in a large amount of cattle farm research.The crop plants that comprises results as cut the section of one-tenth and then ensiling the daily feed for cow provides effective fiber to the corn of part fermentation or the source of the forage the clover, and the NDF in forage promotes to cause that the ruminating of cow of salivary secretion chew.Forage also strengthens cud " motility "----feed ingredient makes nutrition absorb needed time phase by cud and small bowel by intestines and stomach and by abundant digestion.M.Oba and M.S.Allen, " arteries and veins 3 sudden changes are to the dry picked-up of high yield milk cow and the influence (Effectsof Brown Midrib 3Mutation in Corn Silage on Dry Matter Intake andProductivity in High Yielding Cows) of productivity in the brown leaf in the corn Silage; " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 85:135-42 (1999) has summed up and has compared the research of milk cow to the reaction of high or lower forage NDF digestibility, and finds that the dry picked-up (" DMI ") of higher forage digestibility (" NDFd ") and increase is relevant with milk yield.If someone supposes linear response, so for the increase of each unit of NDFd, in DMI, there is 0.17kg to increase, the 0.25kg increase is arranged in the milk crop of 4% fat-corrections.

Other research shows, compares with the cow of lower milk yield, and the cow of higher milk crop is better to the corn Silage reaction of NDFd level with raising.Oba and Allen (1999); S.K.Ivan, R.J.Grant, D.Weakley, and J.Beck, " have the corn Silage hybrid of high cell membrane content and digestibility and have of the comparison (Comparison of a Corn Silage Hybrid with High Cell-WallContent and Digestibility with a Hybrid of Lower Cell-Wall Content OnPerformance of Holstein Cows) of the hybrid of lower cell membrane content, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 88:244-54 (2005) to the effect of Huo Sitan kind milk cow production performance.These studies show that based on NDFd and distribute the validity of forage to the cow of difference production group.

Many research papers have been assessed cow to 3 kinds of different types of corn Silages: grain is raised the reaction of arteries and veins corn in dual-purpose maize (dual-purpose corn), leafy corn (leafy corn) and the brown leaf (brown midrib corn (" BMR ")).In following, studied hybrid, maturity and interaction: L.M.Johnson to the processing of different corn types, J.H.Harrison, D.Davidson, J.L.Robutti, M.Swift, W.C.Mahanna, and K.Shinners, " corn Silage managing I: hybrid maturity and machining to the chemistry and the influence (Corn SilageManagement I:Effects of Hybrid Maturity and Mechanical Processing onChemical and Physical Characteristics) of physical features, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 85:833-53 (2002); L.M.Johnson, J.H.Harrison, D.Davidson, M.Swift, W.C.Mahanna, and K.Shinners, " corn Silage managing I I: hybrid, maturity and machining are to the influence (Corn Silage Management II:Effects of Hybrid; Maturity and Mechanical Processing on Digestion and Energy Content) of digestion and energy content " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 85:2913-27 (2002); L.M.Johnson, J.H.Harrison, D.Davidson, M.Swift, W.C.Mahanna, and K.Shinners, " corn Silage managing I II: hybrid maturity and processing are to the influence (Corn SilageManagement III:Effects of Hybrid Maturity; and Processing on NitrogenMetabolism and Mineral Fermentation) of nitrogen metabolism and mineral matter fermentation " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 85:2928-47 (2002); L.M.Johnson, J.H.Harrison, D.Davidson, W.C.Mahanna, and K.Shinners, " corn Silage management: hybrid, Cutting Length and machining to the influence (Corn Silage Management:Effects of Hybrid, ChopLength; and Mechanical Processing on Digestion and Energy Content) of digestion and energy content, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 86:208-31 (2003); L.M.Johnson, J.H.Harrison, D.Davidson, C.Hunt, W.C.Mahanna and K.Shinners, " corn Silage management: hybrid, maturity, Cutting Length and machining to the influence (Corn SilageManagement:Effects of Hybrid; Maturity; Chop Length; and MechanicalProcessing on Rate and Extent of Digestion) of digestion rate and degree, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 86:3271-99 (2003).

Comparing grain and raise the result that the scientific research of the nutrition performance of dual-purpose maize ensilage and leafy corn Silage has shown mixing, is positive reaction in a kind of situation, and not reaction of leafy hybrid in other research.C.S.Ballard, E.D.Thomas, D.S.Tsang, P.Mandebvu, C.J.Sniffen, M.I.Endres, and M.D.Carter, " corn Silage is to the dry productive rate; trophic component; external digestion; breed the absorption of reserve milk cow; with influence (the Effect of Corn Silage on Dry Matter Yield; Nutrient Composition, In-VitroDigestion, Intake by Dairy Heifers that breeds the milk crop of reserve milk cow, and Milk Production By Dairy Cows), dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 84:442-52 (2001) "; E.D.Thomas, P.Mandebvu, C.S.Ballard, C.J.Sniffen, M.P.Carter, and J.Beck, " the corn Silage hybrid is to the comparison (Comparison of CornSilage Hybrids for Yield; Nutrient Composition; In-Vitro Digestibility; andMilk Yield by Dairy Cows) of the milk yield of productive rate, trophic component, external digestibility and milk cow, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 84:2217-26 (2001).

Another scientific research has directly been compared leafy corn hybrid, BMR corn hybrid and two kinds of grains and has been raised the dual-purpose maize hybrid.D.J.R.Cherney, J.H.Cherney, L.E.Chase, and W.J.Cox, " milk crop of the high yield cow of corn Silage quality influence (Milk Production inHigh-Producing Dairy Cows as Influenced by Corn Silage Quality), " professional animal scientist (Prof.Animal Scientist) 20:302-11 (2004).This studies have shown that, uses BMR and leafy hybrid ensilage to cause raising the higher milk cow dry picked-up of dual-purpose maize hybrid than grain, and raises the dual-purpose maize hybrid with grain and compare, and BMR also has similar, higher milk yield with leafy corn hybrid.In the production reaction of the cow of raising with leafy corn Silage, have changeability, but the BMR corn hybrid obtains higher dry picked-up undoubtedly, and usually milk yield and grain to raise the dual-purpose maize hybrid suitable.Yet it is useful that other scientific research shows that leafy corn Silage is raised the dual-purpose type ensilage unlike grain.Referring to, Thomas, etc. (2001).The BMR corn hybrid is compared grain and is raised the higher NDFd content of dual-purpose maize hybrid and obtained assessment, thinks that the BMR corn Silage provides fabulous digested NDF the source, but reduces for the productive rate that the farmer has a tangible 10-15%.Referring to Oba﹠amp; Allen (1999); M.Oba﹠amp; M.S.Allen, " arteries and veins 3 sudden change is to the influence of the milk cow productivity of raising with the diet neutral detergent fiber of two kinds of concentration in the brown leaf in the corn Silage: #1. raises behavior and nutritional utilization (Effects of BrownMidrib 3Mutations in Corn Silage on Productivity of Dairy Cows Fed TwoConcentrations of Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber:#1.Feeding Behavior andNutrient Utilization), " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 83:1333-41 (2000); M.Oba﹠amp; M.S.Allen, " arteries and veins 3 sudden change is to the influence of the milk cow productivity of raising with the diet neutral detergent fiber of two kinds of concentration in the brown leaf in the corn Silage: #2. chews activity (Effects ofBrown Midrib 3Mutations in Corn Silage on Productivity of Dairy Cows FedTwo Concentrations of Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber:#2.ChewingActivities), " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 83:1342-49 (2000); M.Oba﹠amp; M.S.Allen, " arteries and veins 3 sudden change is to the influence of the milk cow productivity of raising with the diet neutral detergent fiber of two kinds of concentration in the brown leaf in the corn Silage: #3. digestibility and microorganism efficient (Effects ofBrown Midrib 3Mutations in Corn Silage on Productivity of Dairy Cows FedTwo Concentrations of Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber:#3.Digestibility andMicrobial Efficiency), " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 83:1350-58 (2000).

Clover as the application of the main source of effective fiber with the milk cow forage dispensing in corn Silage compare.Referring to D.R.Mertens, " system (Creating a System for Meeting the Fiber Requirements of Dairy Cows) of milk cow fiber needs is satisfied in generation, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 80:1463-81 (1997).Relatively different N DF source is to stimulating cow and chew active and keep the effectiveness of functional cud chyme piece (digesta mat), and Mertens finds that clover more effectively stimulates than corn Silage usually and chews, shows higher effective NDF content thus.For example, only produce 66-96 minute the comparison of chewing with corn Silage, alfalfa hay stimulates 109-134 minute chewing/kg NDF.Two pieces of nearest papers after deliberation the effect of varigrained corn Silage and clover.The granularity that reduces increases the dry picked-up with linear mode, and always chews hotlist and reveal and the highlyest chew movable quadratic equation and react about the daily feed with the shortest and Long grain is observed.Although cow spends in time-preserving edible and that ruminate, the NDF concentration of the feed that keeps in the feed bin reduces.Referring to, P.J.Kononoff, A.J.Heinrichs, H.A.Lehman, " the corn Silage granularity is to the edible behavior of the cow of lactation, the influence (The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size on EatingBehavior; Chewing Activities, and Rumen Fermentation in Lactating Cows) of chewing activity and lumen fermentation, " dairy science magazine (J. Dairy Sci.) 86:3343-53 (2003).Also referring to, P.J.Kononoff and A.J.Heinricks, " reduce clover and store sth. in a cellar of the influence (The Effect of Reducing Alfalfa Haylage Particle S ize on Cows inEarly Lactation) of semiarid feed granularity, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 86:1445-57 (2003) to being in early stage lactational milk cow.

Other research has related to the application in the non-forage source of non-forage source (" NFFS ") in feed rations that can digest fiber.Determined that NFFS is used in combination the cow that causes improving and reacts with the daily feed of high starch.Such NFFS comprises soybean peel and cotton seed hulls.Referring to, R.Grant, Proc. east nutrition meeting (Eastern Nutrition Conference), 11-12 day in May, 2006, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; J.L.Beckman and W.P. Weiss, " have different fibers: the nutrition digestion (Nutrient Digestibility ofDiets with Different Fiber to Starch Ratios When Fed to Lactating DairyCows) of the daily feed of starch proportion when raising milk cow just in lactation, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 88:1015-23 (2005).

Starch in the cereal is the common feed ingredient that just is used for the milk cow of lactation, and reason is that it can easily change into energy.A research is reached a conclusion, and promptly is being used for the corn that ensilage or cereal are gathered in the crops, and protein matrix is regulated the speed and the degree of the corn embryosperm digestion that is exposed.Y.Wang, D.Sapienza, V.J.H.Sewalt, Z.Xu, and T.A.McAllister, " effect of protein matrix in the digestion of corn cereal: by SEM assessment (The Role of ProteinMatrix in the Digestion of Corn Grain:Assessment By Scanning ElectronMicroscopy), " dairy science magazine (J. Dairy Sci.) 88 (supplementary issues 1): 315 (2005).The transparency of the endosperm that is obtained can be predicted the starch degradation in the cud exactly.C.Philippeau, C.Martin, and B.Micholet-Doreau, " the cereal source is to the influence (Influences of Grain Source on RuminalCharacteristics; and Rate; Site, and Extent of Digestion of Beef Steers) of speed, position and the degree of cud feature and stock cattle digestion, " animal science magazine (J.Animal Sci.) 77:1587-96 (1999); C.Philippeau, F.Le Deschaultde Monredon, and B.Micholet-Doreau, " relation between the physical features of cud starch degradation and corn cereal (Relationship Between Ruminal Starch Degradation and thePhysical Characteristics of Corn Grain), " animal science magazine (J. Animal Sci.) 77:238-43 (1999).

Some are studied and determine with respect to horse profile of tooth (early-dent) stage of ripeness morning, and in a black layer stage (black layer), the transparency has bigger influence to cud and total alimentary canal dry and starch digestibility.Referring to, for example, G.A.Celestine, M.N.Pereira, R.G.S.Bruno, R.G.VonPinho, and C.E.S.Correa, " corn cereal quality and maturity are to the influence (Effect of Corn Grain Texture and Maturity on Ruminal In Situ StarchDegradation) of cud original position starch degradation, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 84 (supplementary issue 1): 419 (2001); D.Ngonyamo-Majee, R.D.Shaver, J.G.Coors, D.Sapienza, J.G.Lauer, and C.Venhaus, " the kernel transparency is to the cud in different corn idioplasms source and influence (Effect of Kernal Vitreousness on Ruminal and Total Tract DryMatter Digestibility of Diverse Corn Germplasm Sources, " the dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 871 (supplementary issue 1) of total alimentary canal dry digestibility: 216 (2004).Yet one group of France researcher finds that in the ensiling stage of maturation (about 30%DM), the difference of the starch degradation between horse profile of tooth and hard genotype is higher, and to measure when the described kernel maturity similar.C.Phillipeau and B.Micholet-Doreau, " the barley genotype and the stage of ripeness are to the influence (Influence of Genotype and Stage of Maturity of Maize on Rate of RuminalStarch Degradation) of cud starch degradation speed, " animal feed science and technology (Animal Feed Sci.Technol.) 68:25-35 (1997); Philippeau etc. (1999); C.Philippeau and B.Micholet-Doreau, " influence (Influenceof Genotype and Ensiling of Corn Grain on In-Situ Degradation of Starch inthe Rumen) to the original position degraded of starch in cud is handled in corn cereal genotype and ensiling, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 81:2178-84 (1998).Increase the cud starch degradation although ensiling is handled, no matter whether corn carries out ensiling handle, the difference in the cud starch degradation between horse profile of tooth and flint corn remains unchanged.Philippeau, etc. (1997).

The endosperm type and the starch degradation of corn in the comprehensive study that Allen etc. carries out, have been estimated.At the multistage research of powdery, opaque-2, the wax sample, horse profile of tooth and MAIZE WITH HARD ENDOSPERM type (Michigan, Nebraska, Pennsylvania) in, corn gather in the crops in 40,30 and 20% humidity, and ensiling processing in small-sized cellar.In this research, find starch degradation and the transparent height correlation (R of hybrid ²=0.96).Along with the ensiling processing time that increases is relevant with the kernel fragility of increase with the starch degradation that moisture content increases.When corn was gathered in the crops in the black layer stage, determine that quality (transparency) has maximum influence to starch digestion (original position and whole alimentary canal).M.S.Allen, R.J.Grant, W.P. Weiss, G.W. Roth, and J.F.Beck, " corn cereal endosperm type is to the influence (Effect of Endosperm Type of Corn Grain on StarchDegradation By Ruminal Microbes In-Vitro) of the external starch degradation of rumen microorganism, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 86 (supplementary issue 1): 61 (2003).Also referring to Celestine, etc. (2001); Nyonyamo-Majee, etc. (2004).

Only there are three researchs to report the influence of endosperm type (transparency) to milk cow production performance (performance).I.Andrighetto, P. Berzaghi, G. Cozzi, G. Magni, and D.Sapienza, " grain hardness is to the degraded of the original position of corn with to the influence (Effect ofGrain Hardness on In-Situ Degradation of Corn and on Milk Production) of milk crop, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 81 (supplementary issue 1): 319 (1998); K.C.Fanning, R.A.Longuski, R.J.Grant, M.S.Allen, and J.F.Beck, " endosperm type in corn stage and kernel are handled: to just in starch and fiber digestion and the rotating influence of ruminal metabolism (Endosperm Type and Kernal Processing of Corn Stage:Effect on Starch andFiber Digestion and Ruminal Turnover in Lactating Dairy Cows) of the milk cow of lactation, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 85 (supplementary issue 1): 204 (2002); R.A.Longuski, K.C.Fanning, M.S.Allen, R.J.Grant, and J.F.Beck, " endosperm type of corn Silage and kernel are handled: to the influence (Endosperm Type and KernalProcessing of Corn Silage:Effects on Short-Term Lactational Performances inDairy Cows) of milk cow short-term lactation production performance, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 85 (supplementary issue 1): 204 (2002).These research neither ones are found any influence of the corn transparency to DMI or milk yield; Yet Longuski waits and finds really in the remarkable increase of powdery with respect to the FCM/DMI of nature of glass corn Silage.Yet these research neither ones are attempted in conjunction with from the two starch feature of corn Silage and the corn cereal that replenishes.Up to now, there is not strong evidence proof to change of the influence of endosperm quality to the cow production performance.

The notion of optimization NDF and starch digestibility has directly been assessed in the scientific research of an announcement.C.C.Taylor and M.S.Allen, " arteries and veins 3 corn Silages in corn cereal endosperm type and the brown leaf: digestion position and ruminal digestion dynamics (Corn GrainEndosperm Type and Brown Midrib 3Corn Silage:Site of Digestion andRuminal Digestion Kinetics in Lactating Cows) in cow just in lactation, " dairy science magazine (J.DairySci.) 88:1413-24 (2005); C.C.Taylor and M.S.Allen, " arteries and veins 3 corn Silages in corn cereal endosperm type and the brown leaf: just in raising behavior and the milk yield (CornGrain Endosperm Type and Brown Midrib 3Corn Silage:Feeding Behaviorand Milk Yield of Lactating Cows) of the cow of lactation, " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 88:1425-33 (2005); C.C.Taylor and M.S.Allen, " arteries and veins 3 corn Silages in corn cereal endosperm type and the brown leaf: lumen fermentation in the cow in lactation just and N distribute (CornGrain Endosperm Type and Brown Midrib 3Corn Silage:RuminalFermentation and N.Partitioning in Lactating Cows), " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 88:1434-42 (2005).This discovers that starch and the interaction of fiber digestibility influence raising behavior and milk crop.Cow to the reaction of high NDF digestibility forage (for example, BMR corn Silage) depend on feed to cereal source (for example, vitreous relative powdery).Originally the combination that studies show that powdery endosperm cereal and high NDF digestibility corn Silage causes feed picked-up, milk yield, the more feed of maximum and the more feed that consumes every day.Also be illustrated in the PCT application WO/096191 that announced on December 2nd, 2002 (Beck, etc.).

Except maize genotype ((flirty) powdery, hard), have been found that different corn cereal granularities is to handle the effective tool of the cud degradability of cornstarch.D.Remond, J.F.Cabrera-Estrada, M.Champion, B.Chauveau, R.Coudure, and C.Poncet, " the corn granularity is to the position of the starch digestion in the milk cow of lactation and the influence of degree (Effect of CornParticle size on Site and Extent of Starch Digestion in Lactating Dairy Cows), " dairy science magazine (J.Dairy Sci.) 87:1389-99 (2004).In this research, the minimizing of the amount of the starch that in having the cud of kibbling, ferments obtain using horse profile of tooth genotype, but have the part compensation that the amount of the starch that the semi-rigid maize genotypes digests increases in small intestine, post-ruminal digestion does not increase, and the starch that cud spills (escape) is not utilized by animal.

Yet the major part of this dairy cow nutrition research has concentrated in the influence of single argument to the cow production performance in the feed rations.Real as yet effort is attempted in conjunction with a plurality of feed variablees, to obtain the bigger raising of cud productivity.In addition, the quantity of the milk that the dairy cow nutrition research of announcing has concentrated on cow is produced, this other key character with the milk cow productivity is relative, described other key character as make milk peak value maximization and each stage in lactation cycle keep milk crop stable with continue, keep protein in the milk and fat constituent and restriction health problem simultaneously about the cow drove.Therefore, the comprehensive approach that concertedness between the multiple forage composition that replenishes by the grain component that produces by the tactic admixture strives to find a kind of dairy cow nutrition will be favourable, and wherein the grain component of institute's admixture has the maximized complementarity starch digestion of the rentability that makes cattle farm pattern.The nutrient content of real-time analysis feed ingredient, to guarantee the feed rations of more accurate balance, and in the lactation periodic process, reappraise and feed feed ingredient to cow, so that described dispensing can be prepared again according to the nutritional need of individual cow rather than jumpbogroup cow is required, this also will be useful.

Summary of the invention

A kind of according to the invention provides with improving ruminant is raised ruminant at the feed rations of the milk production stability in lactation cycle multistage method.Described feed rations should contain: at least a main forage source, it is selected from by arteries and veins corn Silage, leafy corn Silage, grain in the brown leaf and raises the group that dual-purpose maize ensilage and careless ensilage are formed, and is used to produce the dispensing forage composition with specific NDF and NDFd level; Less important forage source, it is selected from by grain and raises the group that dual-purpose maize ensilage, clover, alfalfa hay, careless ensilage and clover/careless mixture is formed, and is used for auxiliary NDF, forage granularity and the thick protein that forms the specified level of described feed rations; The corn cereal of admixture, it comprises basic horse profile of tooth corn idioplasm or " cenospecies (mutt) " corn, to admixture wherein independent opaque/powdery and/or the nature of glass/hard endosperm starch cereal source, obtaining predetermined external starch digestibility level, thereby when the described cereal of digestion, in cow, produce the suitableeest propionic acid; The grain component of such admixture is further processed, producing the specific granularity of described admixture starch, thereby further improved level and the position that propionic acid produces in cow.Described corn cereal can alternatively comprise to admixture wherein the powdery or the nature of glass endosperm starch cereal of opposite endosperm type, to obtain the starch digestibility level of needs under the condition that does not need basic normal horse profile of tooth or cenospecies corn cereal.Make ruminal environment optimization in the cow that consumes described feed rations according to the feed rations of this method preparation, to produce optimum feed picked-up level and starch degradation position and to produce the milk production stability energy needed that improves and take in.

For the accurate needs at individual cow level rather than drove level provide the feed value, described feed rations should be according to preparation of concrete cow production phase (for example, transition primiparity (transition fresh), early stage/lactation period in mid-term, lactation period in late period).The nutritionist also should will can not provide the cow that is in the described moment too much or digestibility very little to guarantee described dispensing according to gathering fiber and the starch digestible substance contributed by all feed ingredients about " dispensing fermentability index " range check of described concrete production phase.Then, can be as required the described feed rations of balance again.At last, should monitor the variation of the milk crop of the daily feed of response for every cow in the production phase group, and compare with the baseline level of production before this cow, to determine whether described cow should be grouped in this production phase again, thereby make the dispensing of preparing again separately further improve the production performance of high yield cow (high-producer cow), improve the production performance of low yield cow (low producercow) simultaneously.

The accompanying drawing summary

In described accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the chart that illustrates the milk bovine lactation cycle.

Fig. 2 is presented at unsettled chart with respect to stable milk yield in the lactation periodic process.

Fig. 3 is method for breeding of the present invention and the relevant instrument and the schematic diagram of business method.

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for preparing the method for nutrition template, forage template, starch template and raising template according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that is used to prepare the method for nutrition template.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that is used to prepare the forage template and transports the method for forage composition to the cattle farm.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that is used to prepare the starch template and transports the method for grain component to the cattle farm.

Fig. 8 is the chart that illustrates the lactation cycle in three stages of milk cow.

Fig. 9 is the chart that illustrates in the lactation periodic process of cow about the preferred raising district of BMR corn Silage-daily feed.

Figure 10 is used to make milk cow lairage (re-penning) and prepare the schematic diagram of system of their feed rations based on the comparative analysis of their milk yields again again.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED

The invention provides a kind of integrated approach that is used to ruminant that best nutritional is provided.Described method combines the knowledge of feed design and function of rumen of cow with the digested feature of forage and cereal, be used for the dispensing template of the specific production phase of milk cow with foundation.The invention provides a kind of system, it is in conjunction with at least two kinds of specific forage source and dispensing forage specifications (specification), to set up the daily feed of basic forage of synergy, then to the starch cereal that wherein adds admixture, to influence amount and the absorption site in the cow intestines and stomach thereof that propionic acid VFA produces.Digestible speed by characterizing maize genetic source (cereal) and degree and this target digestibility that keeps the specific granularity of this starch to control and regulate starch by processing.In conjunction with these cereal starch source and specified particle size, can digest pattern with the starch that need to obtain.This complete routine is packaged in transporting in the system to the cattle farm, improve about having the efficient of pasture model now with concertedness, thereby make the maximization of clean milk yield and milk amount peak value, and remain on the production stability in production cycle lactation period in each stage, the milk composition that maintenance simultaneously needs (for example, protein and fat), and the health problem of restriction drove.The multicomponent variable that is combined in this structure feed rations method can be adjusted described dispensing according to environmental change and the specific energy demand that is in the ruminant drove production group in the given lactation phase of the cycles.

For the accurate needs of feed value at individual milk cow level rather than drove level/group fence level are provided, should prepare described feed rations according to the concrete cow production phase (for example, transition primiparity, early stage/lactation period in mid-term, lactation period in late period).Gathering fiber and starch digestible substance that the nutritionist also should be provided by all feed ingredients according to " the dispensing fermentability index " range check about the described concrete production phase will can not provide the cow that is in the described moment too much or digestibility very little to guarantee described dispensing.Then, can be as required the described feed rations of balance again.At last, should monitor variation for every cow in production phase group in response to the milk yield of daily feed, and compare with the baseline level of production before this cow, to determine whether described cow should be grouped in this production phase again, thereby make the dispensing of preparing again separately further improve the production performance of high yield cow, improve the production performance of low yield cow simultaneously.

For the purposes of the present invention, " ruminant " means any animal with the many-compartment stomach that is used to digest the feed ingredient of being ruminated by this animal, and it includes but not limited to, milk cow, beef cattle, sheep, goat, yak, buffalo and camel.The example of milk cow is particularly including Huo Sitan kind milk cow (Holstein), Guernsey (Guernsey), Ayrshire cow (Ayshire), Brown Swiss cattle (Brown Swiss), milk cow (Jersey) and the shorthorn that gives milk (Milking Shorthorn cows) are planted in the west, pool.

In content of the present invention, " lactation cycle " means the time phase that ruminant gives milk after the childbirth new born animal.

For the purposes of the present invention, " primiparity lactation stage " means the time phase after following ruminant childbirth new born animal closely, and in this time phase, the milk that described ruminant produces can be used to bring up new born animal.For cow, this primiparity lactation stage continues about 21 days.Notice that for most of cattle farm in this primiparity lactation stage, milk cow produces the milk that is used for commercial object.

When using in this application, " early stage lactation stage " means and follows primiparity lactation stage time phase afterwards closely, and the milk amount of this ruminant production every day increases up to the peak value that reaches milk yield in this time phase.For milk cow, this early stage lactation stage continues about 100 days.

For the purposes of the present invention, " lactation stage in mid-term " means and follows time phase afterwards of early stage lactation stage closely, and this ruminant is with the volume production milk near peak value in this time phase.For milk cow, this lactation stage in mid-term continues about 130 days.

For the application's purpose, " lactation stage in late period " means and follows lactation stage in mid-term time phase afterwards closely, and described ruminant continues to give milk with the quantity levels that reduces gradually in this time phase, up to the termination of giving milk.For milk cow, this lactation stage in late period continues about 75 days.

When being used for the application, " dry milk early stage (far-off dry phase) " means and follows the lactation stage in late period closely afterwards up to 20 days the time phase of milk cow calving precontract next time in pregnancy, and in this time phase, this ruminant does not give milk.

For the purposes of the present invention, " dry milk later stage (close-up dry phase) " meant milk cow and be right after about 20 days stage before next time producing new calves after dry milk early stage.

When with in this application the time, " milk yield " means the milk amount of producing in a day, a week or other relevant time phase the ruminant of lactation by just.

For the purposes of the present invention, " milk amount peak value " means the highest level of the milk yield that ruminant obtains in the lactation cycle.

For the purposes of the present invention, " stability of giving milk " means in the lactation cycle described ruminant and gives milk in the mode near desirable lactation amount every day about milk amount peak value of the best of described ruminant and the stable continuation curve of giving milk by obtaining.

When being used for the application, " nutritionist " means the responsible individual who describes the composition of the feed rations that is used for ruminant in detail.Such nutritionist can be the employee of cattle farm master, cattle farm company or the consultant who is employed by such farm or company.

When being used for the application, " non--the fibrous carbon hydrate " (" NFC ") calculates with 100% crude protein+NDF+ fat+ash content.It mainly comprises starch, sugar and soluble fiber such as pectin.For common cereal such as corn and barley, NFC is 80-90% starch and 10-20% sugar and/or pectin.Corn cereal comprises 80% starch and 20% sugar.

For the purposes of the present invention, " neutral detergent fiber " (" NDF ") means the feed sample is boiled the residual insoluble residue in back in the neutrality washing.Main component is lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, but NDF also comprises nitrogen, mineral matter and the epidermis of protein, combination.It is taken in the feed of ruminant and becomes negative correlation with digestibility.

When being used for the application, " NDF digestibility " (" NDFd ") means in the amount of set time point by the NDF of rumen microbial fermentation, and is used as the indication of forage quality.Common terminal point about fermentation is: 24,30, or 48 hours.Increase becomes positive correlation with body weight for feed absorption, the milk yield of NDFd and milk cow.

For the purposes of the present invention, " lignified NDF " means by itself and the chemistry of lignin and a part of NDF that physical relation avoids fermenting.It is commonly referred to the NDF that is difficult to digest, and is estimated as (lignin x 2.4) usually.

When being used for the application, " effectively fiber " more generally is called " the effective fiber of physics " (" peNDF "), and meaning stimulates a part of NDF that ruminates and form chyme piece (digesta mat) in cud.It is measured as a part of particle that stays on the 1.18-mm sieve when the dry screen sample.

For the present invention, " dry absorption " means at given time phase, is typically 24 hours, the amount of the feed of animals consuming (on moisture free basis).The feed (all being on moisture free basis) of the feed that provides-do not accept is provided.

For purpose of the present invention, " volatile fatty acid " (" VFA ") is feed ingredient end-product through the anaerobe fermentation in cud.Common VFA is acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid.Described VFA is absorbed by cud, and it is synthetic to be used for energy and lipid by animal.

Discuss about milk cow in this application that feed transports system on method for breeding of the present invention, fodder compound and the farm.Yet, should be appreciated that the present invention can be applied to any other ruminant, comprise being not used in the ruminant that gives milk, as be used to produce the edible beef cattle of meat.

As more clearly illustrating in Fig. 1, milk cow gives milk according to the indication naturally in lactation cycle.A cow in calf will begin to continue about 21 days " the primiparity stage " at zero veal of giving a birth it constantly.Then, cow will be typically transferred in another group by the cattle farm is main, continues ensuing about 305 days, and it comprises " early stage lactation stage ", " lactation stage in mid-term " and " lactation stage in late period ", during this in, production is used for the milk of commercial consumption.

Typically refer to initial about 100 days of lactation period (the 22nd day the-the 121st day) early stage lactation period.In this stage, the milk crop of cow will be increased to peak point.Owing to the energy demand of producing the increase of this milk for cow, should promote the dry of its feed of cow maximization to take in this early stage lactation stage.Every dry feed that consumes 1 kilogram can be supported the more milk crop of about 2-2.4kg more.This feed is taken in and will be comprised the concentration of the level of production, forage quantity, forage quality, feed digestibility, feed processing, raising frequency and feed rations composition by many factor affecting.Because in this early stage lactation stage, it is faster that milk yield will be taken in increase than dry usually, and the body fat that net energy needs to make cow employ it compensates this deficiency, causes weight to reduce thus.The milk cow industry has been discerned on the cow with higher hereditary potential of employing this body fat in longer time phase safely in trial and has been spent a large amount of time and moneys.What therefore, not every milk cow all equated on giving milk.In this early stage lactation stage, good diet energy and protein source are crucial.

Lactation in mid-term phase table is shown in after the calving from about the 121st day to about the 251st day time phase.In the beginning in this stage, cow will obtain peak value milk yield (8-10 week after calving).Under the condition that does not have the extra loss in weight, also obtained the peak value dry and taken in.In this lactation stage in mid-term, the cattle farm chief commander seeks to continue with the height that will keep milk to produce the dispensing raising cow of level.In this lactation stage in mid-term, after calving about 60-70 days, cow also should carry out mating or artificial insemination to begin the new gestational period in next lactation cycle.In this lactation stage in mid-term, satisfy the high-energy needs and remain important.Protein requirement do not have they in early days the lactation stage important like that.Effectively fiber level is similar.

The lactation stage in late period will be after calving beginning in about 251 days, and termination (greatly about lactational the 305th day) when giving milk of cow is withered.In this period, milk crop and feed are taken in and all will be descended.Cow also will increase weight, to replenish the adipose tissue that the early stage lactation stage loses.When finishing near lactation period, the more body weight that increases will be because the continuous fetus that grows up causes.In this lactation stage in late period, protein and energy source are more inessential, and reason is need be than lacking much in early days with in lactation period in mid-term.Referring to M.Hutjens, raise and instruct (Feeding Guide) (Wisconsin 1998 for W.D.Hoards and Sons company, Fort Atkinson).

For cow, after the termination of giving milk, begin " dry milk early stage " stage in lactation cycle, and lasted till the calving precontract 20 days." dry milk later stage " is included in these last 20 days before the next calf birth.In these two stages, do not carry out the transition to and for cow pressure is not arranged lactation period, and be crucial for making cow as far as possible successfully give birth to the correct nutrition of new calf from there being milk.

Energy is to support cow lactation period and the healthy and necessary food of growing up.In the cow feed rations, be used for lactational net energy (NE1; Mcal/lb) amount to about 0.76-0.80 in lactation period in early days, in lactation period in mid-term, amount to about 0.72-0.76, and amount to about 0.69-0.72 in lactation period late." energy absorption " is calculated as the product that dry is taken in the energy content of (DMI) x feed.For the ox of young ox and high yield, low-yield absorption is debatable.The not enough absorption with variable heat can cause the growth that reduces, the milk yield of minimizing, the milk proem matter milk fat detection of reduction and breeding and the health that weakens.Simultaneously, the excessive energy of cow is taken in, and particularly takes in the milk fat output and the drove health problem that can cause conditioning (over-conditioning), reduce from the excess energy of the carbohydrate of quick fermentation.Excessive raising like this can cause problem to cow that is in mid-term and lactation stage in late period and the cow that nothing is suckled.

Feed ingredient should provide the essential nutrition of normal stool, metabolism and production performance, fiber source and granularity to cow." forage " is the perennial and annual crops that grow on the pasture, green fragment (chop), the hay that stores sth. in a cellar semiarid feed (haylage), ensilage or gathered in the crops in the best stage of ripeness, moisture and correct length.When if they have been dried by the sun, they comprise protein, fiber, energy, vitamin E and the vitamin D of a large amount of levels.For the purposes of the present invention, forage that be prepared as dry-cure with ensilage aerobic-stable fermentation." roughage (roughage) " is the refuse of the suitable granularity of low relatively crops of fiber high energy content or processing.Common roughage comprises cereal, straw, cornstalk, cotton seed hulls, corncob and has the apple pomace of shell." concentrate " is grain and the by product feed that contains relative high-energy level.Concentrate has the forage granularity more in small, broken bits than results usually.

The nutritional labeling that many different variablees influences are effectively transported and utilized in the feed rations to be contained by milk cow to milk cow.By applicant so-called " GELT effect ", described variable comprises hereditary feature (genetic), environment, position and proterties.The specificity hereditary feature of milk cow will directly influence its digestion and absorb the ability of nutritional labeling.Similarly, the specificity hereditary feature of the forage of feed ingredient and grain component can directly influence the nutrient content of their carbohydrate, protein and fiber.Therefore, the maize genetic feature that is used for corn Silage production has important NDF content, NDFd and percentage content of starch scope.Similarly, the cereal hereditary feature has oil, albumen, starch composition and the digestible speed of starch and the degree of wide region.Therefore, every kind of forage of the hereditary feature of seed decision and cereal transport the potential of the qualitative character of nutrition to cow.Fail to use suitable agronomy input thing (agronomic input) (for example, fertilizer, herbicide, fungicide, pesticide) and level thereof also may have adverse influence to qualitative character (trail) feature of the crops that grow up to by described seed that obtained.

The natural environment and climate condition of crop growth is another main variables source.Think that weather is a uncontrollable incident.From 1 year to next year, about temperature and humidity, the neither one season of growth is identical.The changeability that this directly influences and forage output, forage quality and starch digestibility are added height, it may produce follow-up inconsistent in milk cow production performance.For example, temperature in the season of growth and rainfall pattern can influence the effect to fiber digestibility (NDFd) of level, quantity and the lignin of fiber (NDF).How this may influence " feed and give " forage subsequently, and may limit by supply (fill) and the dry that is in early stage lactational cow is taken in (DMI) and energy and taken in to have and increase or the influence of minimizing to milk cow.

Kernel at the corn hybrid that minces into ensilage also may be along with season of growth environmental change with the starch digestibility in the corn grain that is used for energy supplement.The speed of content of starch and digestion and degree may change.Therefore, add interior additional cereal of daily feed and the possibility forward of the corn grain in corn Silage or negative sense to and influence the milk cow productivity.Therefore, the level and the scope of every kind of forage of environment decision and grain quality proterties.

Temperature and other raising condition also may directly influence enthusiasm or the ability that the cow picked-up is included in the dry in the feed rations.Therefore, this environmental variance makes it may predict and implement raising layout strategy to milk cow hardly in the given production year, perhaps illustrate under the condition of this uncontrolled variable factor, may design the plantation or the composition purchase scheme of planting or obtaining forage and grain trough composition hardly in the real-time adjustment mechanism of not utilizing certain type.

Specific results technology also may have adverse influence to the nutrient content of feed ingredient.Abominable memory technology (for example, packing and storage) also may influence the nutritive value of cereal, forage or ensilage unfriendly.Error is detected in sample program and the laboratory that produces in the nutritional character process of analyzing feed ingredient may the suitable feed rations of interference constructing.In addition, be used to promote the forage fermentation with the inoculum that produces ensilage be used for ensilage and the anticorrisive agent of cereal storage can influence the nutrition proterties (trail) of described ensilage or bread basket unfriendly.Therefore, the net value of every kind of forage of results administrative skill decision and grain quality proterties.Certainly, the relatively poor prescription of feed rations also can influence nutritive value correctly sending to milk cow.

Therefore, understand importantly that not have two kinds of forages or grain sample be identical on nutrient content, even grow up to by identical kind subcategory or hybrid, and the nutrient content of variety classes and hybrid may be changed significantly----all be because this GELT effect.

As in Fig. 2, more clearly illustrating, milk cow may show the decline and the peak value of a plurality of discontinuity at the actual milk yield in whole primiparity cow, early stage lactation period, lactation period in mid-term and stage lactation period in late period, cause unsettled milk crop thus, shown in line 20.Such peak value and descend and can be caused by this following GELT effect changeability: the feed of the nutrient content of feed rations composition, animal feeding environment, mistake plans and fails to respond that the feed rations that its adjustment is used for milk cow forms.The stable milk crop that line 22 expressions can obtain by the method for breeding that utilizes preparation fodder compound of the present invention, method for breeding of the present invention is considered these variable factors, and satisfies energy and the nutritional need of milk cow in the concrete moment of production phase lactation period.The stability of milk crop line 22 not only will produce the higher and consistent milk amount peak value of milk cow, and the region representation between milk crop line 20 and 22 is by the loss of the clean milk of failing to be produced with fodder compound breeding milk cow of the present invention.Therefore, the natural environment of method for breeding stabilizing influence milk yield of the present invention and artificial inconsistent.

Whole method for breeding 200 of the present invention is presented among Fig. 3.It comprises a series of operable means (tool): each keeps milk crop stable, keep or improve milk constituents protein and fat, and cause more plain chocolate and about the composition price variance (component pricepremium) of this milk; Perhaps combine with these positive influences of further raising.Therefore, produce the nutrition template 202 that is applicable to the concrete cow production phase 204.This nutrition template 202 is characterised in that, limits NDF, the NDFd of resulting dispensing and the forage specification 206 of peNDF value, and the starch specification 208 that limits the external starch digestibility (" IVSD ") of described dispensing.In described dispensing, use two kinds of different forage sources: (1) main forage 210, it is characterized in that high NDFd (and some digestible starch), as the BMR corn, leafy corn, grass, or grain is raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage; (2) less important forage 212, its contribution peNDF and crude protein are raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage as clover or grain.These two kinds of forage sources replenish each other, with generation forage concertedness in the cud of cow, thereby transport NDF, NDFd and the peNDF specification that needs.

The starch source 214 that is used to come from the admixture of corn grain in feed rations is controlled starch digestibility level (IVSD).Because to the GELT effect of corn grain, powdery endosperm starch 216 and/or nature of glass endosperm starch 218 can be used for handling IVSD to the level of setting with the filling material of basic starch such as normal horse profile of tooth endosperm starch 220 in starch specification 208.In some cases, divide to be equipped with normal horse profile of tooth endosperm matrix, and only admixture powdery endosperm starch 216 and nature of glass endosperm starch 218, to realize that the IVSD target that needs is possible.In addition, store method 222 known in this industry should be used for regulating the granularity of resulting admixture starch component 214, thereby controls the digestion position of described starch in the cow intestines and stomach.When being eaten, the starch and the forage composition that are combined in the described feed rations will produce further synergistic effect in the cow cud.

Can feed to the cow that is in the production phase by the feed rations that this nutrition template is produced, with milk crop and the milk stability that improves them.Since by the forage of GELT effect generation and the changeability of starch component,, these compositions are carried out about NDFd by real-time characterization instrument 226, IVSD, and the real-time characterization of RAS and RBS is favourable.With the portable instrument of describing more fully in this article based on NIRS equation and system hardware 228, this real-time characterization instrument 226 can accurately and accurately be measured forage and starch component in the open air, so that can produce the nutrition template 202 that meets forage specification 206 and starch specification 208 more accurately.

Accurately explanation also is important by the complete NDFd and the IVSD of forage and starch source (comprising RAS and RBS) contribution in method for breeding 200 of the present invention, and ground is excessive so that feed rations can be known the inside story transports or transport insufficiently its nutritional character.The dispensing fermentability index (" RFI ") 220 of more abundant description is in this article characterized this complete NDFd and IVSD about feed rations.In addition, in the production phase, should measure this RFI several times, with the described feed rations of balance again when needed.

The identical dispensing of nursing is easily in the production group although cow concentrated on, and having virtually no two cow is identical in their responses to daily feed, no matter this be because their physiology health or both.Therefore, the cow 222 that in 200 times another important means of method for breeding of the present invention are process in the production phase, divides into groups again.As on the more abundant description of this paper ground, should be used in a high yield person and a low yield person in another subgroup in the subgroup and estimate of the response of individual cow daily feed at their baseline output.This ring fence again 222 can be for the cow of each subgroup formula feed dispensing again, so that described high yield person is more suckled and the stability of suckling, and the person recovers their health and their baseline milk yield level and stability to make the low yield.

As more abundant demonstration ground in Fig. 4, method for breeding 30 of the present invention comprises that research and development are used for the nutrition template 32 of milk cow.This nutrition template will be set basic forage dispensing parameter, by the source with proportion of composing is identified and select in conjunction with best forage, and identify best starch digestibility pattern, with generation fiber/starch cud concertedness.Set the specific target of energy, albumen, fiber and other nutritional need of milk cow, be used for raising in all production phases.Because at the nutritional need of variation of whole lactation cycle milk cow, this nutrition template 32 is considered the current lactation phase of the cycles of the cow group of raising.Because the cattle farm typically will raise a more than cow, should by grouping step 34 preferably cow is divided into primiparity cow, early stage lactation period cow, lactation period in mid-term cow, lactation period in late period cow, dry milk in earlier stage cow, dry milk later stage cow and breed the independent production group of replacement heifer (heifer).Should set up then about being used for part and satisfy the forage template 36 of forage composition of the needs of nutrition template 32.Simultaneously, should produce starch template 38 about other grain component that needs that will be used to provide nutrition template 32.At last, should form feed and form template, the required specific diet dry poundage that is attached to forage, cereal and other feed ingredient in the total mixture dispensing (TMR) of nutritional need of milk cow production phase 34 is satisfied in its appointment, as being embodied by nutrition template 32, forage template 36 and starch template 38.

Be used to make up the method and the nutrition input of nutrition template 32 in Fig. 5 illustrated.Cow 46 will need energy, protein and the adequate fiber (NDF) 48 of specified quantitative, and this depends on its production phase grouping 50.This should convert the dry that cow 46 should consume to and take in 52 volume from feed the dispensing give in one day.The NDF content 54 of feed rations forage composition provides effective fiber to be used to produce cud pad (mat) about the cud motility, provide acetate VFA to be used for butterfat production, and will ruminate the salivary secretion that promotes cow in the process of described dispensing cow, to produce the essential buffer of suitable pH that keeps this cow cud.The forage composition should contain the NDF digestibility (" NDFd ") 56 of proper level again, can fully digest described forage to guarantee cow 46, and makes the dry in its cud take in optimization.

The cow energy is taken in the major part that needs and will be provided by cereal and concentration components usually.Such grain component must be characterized by the starch digestibility 58 of specified level, so that cow can fully digest the starch that is included in the cereal, thereby produces energy needed lactation period.Simultaneously, the position 60 that digests in intestines and stomach of starch is important for producing best propionic acid level and keeping rumen ph 6.2-6.8 to exercise best-of-breed functionality.Propionic acid VFA is the 3-carbon fatty acid, its in ruminant as being used for main gluconeogenesis (gluconeogenic) substrate of synthesis of glucose.

At last, feed ingredient by the GI desirable through-rate 62 of cow for making dry take in maximization and guaranteeing that it is essential that described feed ingredient can be absorbed by cud and small bowel by the nutrition that fully digests and wherein comprised.By this way, can obtain to have the milk crop of improving the standard and the yielding stability 64 of fat, protein and other milk constituents of desirable level.Can also obtain the metabolic disease that cow 46 avoids being harmful to and the health of other defective.Feed ingredient is transformed the milk crop, milk constituents, milk crop stability, feed conversion rate and the drove health 64 that produce raising be defined as " cow rentability ".Can be caused by lower feed cost by the further results of feed conversion rate in the cow rentability, this is by using production of fodder milk poundage 66 still less to be reflected.Usually skilled nutritionist knows how to set up such nutrition template 32 from the needs of cow 46 in the milk cow industry.

Fig. 6 shows that the present invention is used to set up the method 70 of milk cow forage template 36.Determined that it comprises NDF content 54 about the specification 72 of necessity of forage composition, the effective fiber of NDFd level 56 and physics (peNDF) 74.

Secondly, the forage composition of feed rations can derive from multiple different source, and is divided into main forage source 76 and less important forage source 78.In one embodiment of the invention, main forage source 76 can be raised dual-purpose maize ensilage 80, leafy corn Silage 84, BMR corn Silage 86, grass 87 or its combination by grain again provides.Ensilage is formed the herb tannin plant with suitable preferred 65-70% of whole plant moisture.Utilize the mechanical harvest device, with plant mince the section of one-tenth or ¹/ ₄- ³/ ₄The fragment of inchage, and be packaged into the storage organization that is used to ferment.Fermentation step was made up of two stages.Aerobic (respiratory oxygen) and anaerobic (no oxygen, actual fermentation).At this storing step, the plant section of mincing will be compressed under the weight of material, and by respiration, consume at the oxygen of the cell membrane IT of forage with at the oxygen of storage organization IT, thereby send CO ₂He Shui and Re.In the anaerobic fermentation stage, produce lactic acid as main VFA to keep indefinitely and stable forage.In this ensilage and storing process after this, must prevent that ensilage is exposed to airborne oxygen, to avoid rotten corrupt.Fill the generation of storage organization and mechanical packaging step and prevent that oxygen from seeing through the barrier of ensilage entity.Resulting ensilage product in ensiling remains on most of nutrition of existing in this plant and fermentation VFA----than dry and much more as hay or dry fodder storage with fragment only.

Grain is raised dual-purpose maize and is characterised in that low-NDF content of about 36-42%, the high-content of starch of 30-36% and 30 hours external NDFd levels of about 43-48%.Leafy maize genetic feature is the special corn plant that derives from mutagenesis and selective cross, it is characterized in that the NDFd level of low content of starch and the about 50-54% of the high NDF content of about 46-55%, about 22-26%.

Arteries and veins in the brown leaf (" BMR ") corn is a kind of special corn plant that derives from mutagenesis and selective cross, and it comprises the bm3 gene.The BMR corn is characterised in that the low NDF content of about 32-36%, the very high NDFd level of the high starch level of about 32-38% and about 58-64%.Table 1 has been summed up NDF content, 30 hours external content of starch, NDFd and the lignifying NDF proterties scopes in each these main corn Silage source.

Table 1

The ensilage source

The forage quality characteristic

The forage granularity is the measurement of forage particle length, typically determines by the screening sample.Ruminant needs minimum coarse granule to promote to ruminate effect, helps to form the speed that the cud pad is crossed with the adjusting feed link, and keeps cud health.The common method of assessment granularity is the dry screen sample, measures the forage particulate fraction (being called the effective NDF of physics (peNDF)) that is retained on the 1.18-mm sieve then.

Method for breeding of the present invention and system must partly be the commercially available hybrid of annual screening, satisfy the needs parameter of different corn Silage compositions so which to be determined.Therefore these commercially available hybrids are included in the wide variations in these features, and must screen and identify at application of the present invention, will introduce new hybrid to market simultaneously, and old hybrid is eliminated out market.Feed of the present invention transports the supplier of system 200 by implementing this important screening function and the described a series of acceptable hybrids 232 of supply Fig. 3, can provide valuable service for its cattle farm consumer, described hybrid 232 can be planted, produce the essential corn Silage composition of feed rations, the ensilage of perhaps buying results is used in the described dispensing.

Semiarid feed 88 can be stored sth. in a cellar by clover in less important forage of the present invention source 78, alfalfa hay, and the hay 90 that dries, careless ensilage 92, clover/careless mixture, grain is raised dual-purpose maize 93, or forage sorghum (for example, arteries and veins in the brown leaf) provides.Historically, clover is a kind of forage crops of the forage mass property that is difficult to be consistent.This is because place desirable weather and the selection of time under the drying condition in needed repeatedly harvesting (3-4) of the season of growth with these crops.Even it is relatively stable that fiber content can remain, but the NDF lignification of the climatic model of the season of growth, particularly temperature-induce and because the digestibility (NDFd) of leaf loss can greatly change NDF level, gross protein value or forage that destructive rainfall causes.

As shown in the table 2, for the purpose of method for breeding of the present invention, the desirable clover forage quality objective that the crop management person keeps will be higher on fiber (NDF) than the clover forage of conventional management.The clean NDF level of this clover will be 40%-42%, rather than as typical practice below 40%.This is because will need this clover that effective fiber or peNDF from the big percentage of the diet of forage are provided.This harvest time that also can change each harvesting arrives longer time at interval, and may change into 3 harvestings by 4 cropping systems.This change can be increased in the total solids productive rate of season of growth recovery energetically, still less is exposed to abominable hay results condition.

Table 2

The forage source

The forage quality characteristic

The forage source	??％NDF ??％DM	% starch %DM	??NDFd ??％NDF	Lignified NDF
					Clover is stored sth. in a cellar the semiarid feed	??40％-42％	??N/A	??48％-52％	??＜15.0
The hay that clover does	??42％-44％	??N/A	??48％-52％	??＜15.0
					Clover/careless mixture	??45％-50％	??N/A	??44％-48％	??＜12.0

Lignifying NDF=% lignin/%NDFX100

NDFd=30 hour IVNDFD digestibility method

Because the clover quality is because the weather of results management, inconsistent best results or because the NDF lignifying that high temperature causes and so variable, so clover is appointed as the less important forage source of the percentage that designs as forage, and in the dispensing process for preparation, should be programmed for NDF and protein source and effective fiber (peNDF) instrument.When needs added more NDFd when being lower than the specification that satisfies specific dispensing and raise tactful raising specification when becoming in the clover quality in daily feed, the BMR corn Silage was with replaced.When clover NDF surpass 44% and NDFd under when being reduced to 40%, substituting the BMR corn Silage with DM will be effectively to remedy mode.

Dry anhydrous hay (Dry bailed hay) will be the less important source of clover forage, as effective fiber source of daily feed and the neutralization unsettled influence from the high fiber digestibility of the ambient influnence in other forage source.The NDF content of its about 42-44% will be a little more than by storing sth. in a cellar the NDF content that the semiarid feed provides.Can give the primiparity cow and early stage with lactation period in mid-term cow raise with the hay 90 that stores sth. in a cellar semiarid feed 88 or do and originate 78 as less important forage.

About the selection of forage template 36 is the forage (that is chicken foot grass (orchard)/bromegrass) that comprises grass in the cow, the cow in dry milk later stage that are used for lactation period in late period, dry milk early stage and the dispensing specification of breeding replacement heifer.These cows can by increasing milk crop, reduce feed cost by adding as dispensing with grass, and reduce the drove health problem of taking in from the cow luxus consumption energy that is in the positive energy balance and be benefited.

Therefore, be the correct adaptability in the definite forage source that will grow and the forage platform that is identified for the cattle farm about the committed step of described method for breeding in the diet preparation.Raise strategy for every kind of the production group and will specify main and less important forage source structure, to set up general forage specification.On the idea of preference corn Silage or grass and clover are originated, can have different to individual cattle farm.If the forage production output of the forage of particular design does not realize that the alternative non-forage NDF/NDFd source of buying so can be replaced.Specific geographical condition can have different main and less important forage sources.

The digestibility of starch source and the position that propionic acid is produced and the influence of the absorption in alimentary canal have been called as the major obstacle of restraining dairy cow nutrition.The speed of starch digestion, degree and position also are to keep yielding stability, remain on the output peak value in specific stage lactation period, and reduce the generation of subclinical acidosis, apositia, and reduce or eliminate the essential nutrition dispensing instrument of displacement abomasum.

The grain component of design method for breeding of the present invention is set up consistent starch digestibility source to utilize dried grains, and this is with typically the high humility corn (HMC) in 30-34% moisture results is opposite.The purposes commonly used of high humility corn has increased another variable source for the daily feed of cud, and reason is the moisture of starch and the fact of starch digestibility height correlation.Because corn grain has linear and quick-drying pattern in the fall, successfully with optimum humidity target results with preserve HMC cereal and become very variable.Therefore, during fatten (feed out), starch digestibility characteristic can become and highly be lack of consistency, for described dispensing has added inconsistency.Feeding system of the present invention uses dried grains (12%-15.5% humidity) as the means that limit this variable source, because its dried kernel feature is preserved and the source is selected and can be added the more selection of preserving with control ruminal digestion position for cereal being processed into (leverage) specified particle size that more has superiority.The inventive features of this interpolation provides the desired area of starch digestion as the dispensing instrument, so that the forage specification synergy of daily feed, satisfies the optimum nutritional need of dispensing.The starch digestibility is because the amount of the starch that lumen fermentation and little intestinal digestion disappear in the ruminal digestion road.

Fig. 7 illustrates the method 102 that is used to system from these compositions to feed rations that set up starch template 38 and transport.At first, nutritionist's preparation is about the initial starch specification 100 of grain component, with energy and other nutritional need that satisfies milk cow.Described starch specification 100 comprises the digestion rate of starch.Then, utilize to preserve the digestion position of the starch target starch of specified particle size, and should digest the position and be controlled in cud and the lower digestive tract (lower tract).Secondly, these starch specifications are mated forage specification needs 72 about daily feed by the digestibility feature that changes starch, thereby have solved the actual fibers digestibility of the forage composition by 98 measurements of real-time characterization method and any of shortage of the dispensing energy density that nutrient content causes.By this way, the NDF of starch component in the grain component and main and less important forage composition and NDFd interaction between component are so that improve production performance and the health of animal with cooperative mode.The starch granularity is the average-size of the starch granules typically measured by dry screen after the Physical Processing of determining.Such Physical Processing can comprise cracking, backing or grinding.

The basic source of grain component can be provided by traditional horse profile of tooth endosperm corn 104.But such horse profile of tooth corn will typically comprise the starch digestible degree of the starch of the content of starch of 68-72% and external digestion 70% in 7 hours.

For this purpose, consider the volume that feed rations is required, the cattle farm chief commander typically cultivates and plants its oneself horse profile of tooth corn cereal source.The corn cereal 106 of the such producer-plantation will and be preserved in position, cattle farm results.For the unmet demand of littler cattle farm or bigger cattle farm, normal horse profile of tooth corn 104 can be bought from third-party vendor.The science of heredity tabulation of checking and approving be screened and be identified to this normal horse profile of tooth heredity basic source must greater than 75% starch digestibility history from having.The third-party vendor that transports system 230 by feed of the present invention will provide the such hybrid of checking and approving tabulation to the cattle farm consumer.Such seed can be planted to gather in the crops its oneself crop basis source in the cattle farm, perhaps buys the cereal of being produced by the hybrid of checking and approving like this from suppliers.

Change in the digestion rate of the starch component of feed grain composition inside fusion step 108 by fusion horse profile of tooth corn cereal 104 nature of glass endosperm corns 110 and/or powdery endosperm corn 112.By this way, obtain purpose starch digestibility.Nature of glass starch is the starch that closely compresses and be contained in the complete protein matrix.Powdered starch is the amylum body that is contained in the imperfect protein matrix.Horse profile of tooth corn has the nature of glass and the powdered starch ratio that approximately equates.

But nature of glass endosperm starch corn 110 should reveal the starch digestion rate that digested the starch of about 45-55% in 7 hours by typical earth surface.Such nature of glass endosperm starch corn 110 can be provided by the corn hybrid of the content of starch that contains flint idioplasm gene, 68-72%, other good agronomy feature.When admixture horse profile of tooth endosperm corn cereal 104, nature of glass endosperm starch corn 110 will slow down the digestion rate of cereal starch composition, to obtain the starch digestibility target of starch specification 100.

Powdery endosperm starch corn 112 should reveal the starch digestion speed that digested the starch of about 80-90% in 7 hours by typical earth surface.Such powdery endosperm starch corn 112 can be provided by the corn hybrid of the content of starch that contains opaque idioplasm gene, 68-72% and other good agronomy feature.When admixture horse profile of tooth endosperm corn cereal 104, powdery endosperm starch corn 112 will be accelerated the digestion rate of cereal starch composition, to obtain the starch digestibility target of starch specification 100.

Dispose such powdery and nature of glass endosperm starch " book-end (bookend) " 110 and 112, in admixture step 108 process, the nutritionist is one or both and horse profile of tooth endosperm corn matrix 104 of the described book-end of admixture easily, to produce the purpose level of starch digestibility from grain component, forage composition concertedness in itself and the feed rations interacts, with output and the health of the milk cow of improving edible this dispensing.This starch digestion speed can be sorted out with numeral, as shown in the table 3.For example, " 1 " can represent 50%, and " 5 ", " 6 " and " 9 " represent 70%, 75% and 90% respectively.

Table 3

% starch digestibility

7 hours external digestibilitys

Level	??％	Numbering
			Book-end are slow	??45％
	??50％	??1
				??55％	??2

Slowly	??60％	??3
				??65％	??4
Medium	??70％	??5
				??75％	??6
High	??80％	??7
				??85％	??8
	??90％	??9
			Book-end are quick	??95％

The cattle farm master can plant and gather in the crops its oneself the nature of glass and powdery endosperm book-end group, to satisfy its raising need in the contract that feed transports system instructs.Yet this must and gather in the crops three kinds of dissimilar corn cereal (calculate main forage composition interior more than four kinds) in plantation on the farm because variable weather conditions, this may be time-consuming, Capital expenditure is huge with risky.In addition, powdery and nature of glass endosperm book- end 110 and 112 must retention properties (identity), thus they can not become co-blended each other or horse profile of tooth endosperm grain 104, and therefore lose their distinctive character.

Therefore, can be more expediently conclude the contract of cutting apart (segmentation) that production and character about these book-end keep for the cattle farm with third party grower 114.The nature of glass and the powdery endosperm book-end of such contract plantation can be transported to the cattle farm with truck 116 in advance before these cereal admixture compositions of needs.This third-party starch component source is an intact part of system of the present invention.

The potential selection of other of cattle farm comprises the grain depot exchange (grain bank swap) 118 by company's establishment of the production nature of glass and powdery endosperm book- end 110 and 112, and conclude the business with the exchange rate that pre-determines or consult in the cattle farm thus, and it is some basic corn cereal of book-end material production.Then, the worker of grain depot exchange 118 can or sell the basic horse profile of tooth corn cereal of being concluded the business with another cattle farm that needs transaction.The cattle farm also can only be bought its cereal demand 120 of 100% from the third party.This third party's starch component source is an intact part of feed delivery system of the present invention.

In the alternative embodiment of starch component of the present invention, cattle farm master or nutritionist can only select to use nature of glass endosperm cereal 110 or powdery endosperm cereal 112 (the IVSD value that any value that all provides and set is approaching) in the starch specification, and the another kind of endosperm cereal of admixture type, IVSD target need to obtain perhaps only utilizes granularity to regulate the IVSD value of described powdery or nature of glass endosperm starch cereal.The ample supply of this hypothesis starch book-end material, but it will eliminate production, preserve and isolate the needs of normal horse profile of tooth material 104.In another alternative embodiment, starch component can only comprise screens and the normal horse profile of tooth corn hybrid that separates with respect to its above-mentioned average starch digestibility.The mixture of normal horse profile of tooth hybrid also can successfully screen and separates with respect to above-mentioned average starch digestibility.

Second element of starch component provides store method, with by processing factory's 122 crackings, backing or grind starch and producing starch, thereby produce the specific granularity of the starch target of the fusion that is used to comprise crop basis 104, nature of glass endosperm starch 110 and powdery endosperm starch 112.Final result is the degraded character of meticulous adjustment starch, further changes the speed and the position of starch ruminal digestion.Such granularity of grain component can be with letter indication classification, as shown in the table 4.For example, granularity " A " can be broken, and granularity " C " and " E " can be respectively the moderate backing and powder.By this way, the nutritionist of cattle farm can with grain depot exchange 118 or the special cereal producer 116 conversations, and require the supply of " 6C " starch, and the cereal that receives the fusion of the granularity that comprises 75% starch digestibility and moderate backing that truck ships in the time of agreement loads.

Table 4

The starch granularity

Millimeter by dry screen

Level	Granularity	Numbering
			Break	??＞3.0mm	??A
Slightly/backing	??2.0≤x≤3.0mm	??B
			Medium backing	??1.0≤x＜2.0mm	??C
Meticulous backing	??0.5≤x＜1.0mm	??D
			Powder	??＜0.5mm	??E

If desired, the three elements of starch component is to proofread and correct occurent variation in the feeding environment, variable forage in real time and raise variation in the strategy, and it is by being transported to from long-range replenishing one's stock that the cattle farm changes ongoing digestion rate and granularity is carried out with purpose starch with lorry.This allows real-time correction to add unforeseen element in the variable source, short-term to produce the short-term of the starch source that needs or be used for producing on the farm of admixture and descend, thereby improves the production performance of specific production group.

" dispensing fermentability index " (" RFI ") instrument 220 of Fig. 3 is formed a series of correlation computations, the nutrition effectiveness of its assessment feed rations and the ability of the nutritive value safe transport being given the milk cow that is in the associated production stage thereof.At first, its considers total digestibility of feed rations, compilation (compile) but come by forage source contribution digested fiber poundage and come the poundage of the digestible starch of source contribution by cereal and forage.For each production phase of cow, in nutrition template 32, should specify scope about this total digestibility.By using real-time characterization instrument 98 periodic tests used different forages and NDFd and IVSD value of cereal starch composition in feed rations, and with the total digestibility equation of these value inputs, the nutritionist can determine whether GELT effect makes one or more feed ingredients provide too much or very little fiber and starch digestibility to the cow with this feed rations raising.

Secondly, should be about individual feed ingredient measuring N DFd and IVSD value.These data will inform which kind of special component of nutritionist helps the fiber and the starch digestibility of feed rations.For the different production phases, cow can need the NDFd and the IVSD of varying level.

Once more, should calculate relative cud starch (" RAS ") and cross cud starch (ruminal bypassstarch) (" RBS ") value, with observation RAS/RBS ratio whether within the scope of appointment in the nutrition template.By control RAS/RBS ratio, can obtain maximum healthy milk yield.

At last, by total dispensing digestibility of total daily feed, individual composition digestibility and dry, NDF, NDFd, IVSD and the RAS/RBS ratio value respective value with appointment in the nutrition template is compared, the nutritionist can determine in real time whether described feed rations compositions need to adjust fast and exactly by this RFI instrument 220, so that daily feed conforms to specification in this production phase.This not only can cause the milk yield and the stability that improve, and cow is avoided for it because the serious health problem suffered from of the feed rations of " heat " too, and the described too feed rations of " heat " is that high digestibility causes because individual feed ingredient shows unexpectedly.

Therefore, in order to prepare nutrition template 32, the first, set up forage template 36.The second, use real-time characterization instrument 226 and RFI 220 to assess the fermentability of forage compositions.The 3rd, add starch template 38 and become fractional value to replenish (compliment) forage template.Have only by this way, just can obtain the fiber-starch concertedness of feed rations.

Table 5 shows the exemplary of nutrition template, and it contains main and less important forage composition, starch digestibility characteristic and the scope level of the feed rations that is useful on different stages lactation period of milk cow.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, only set up three daily feed templates for three different phases in milk bovine lactation cycle:

● daily feed of transitional period (dry milk early stage, dry milk later stage and primiparity cow).

● early stage/daily feed lactation period in mid-term (early and middle portion cow lactation period).

● daily feed lactation period in late period (cow lactation period in late period).

In this method for simplifying, main forage composition should be contributed at least 60% used in forage template forage NDF.

Daily feed of transitional period should provide the supply that has height fermentability fiber and low potassium forage in a large number for cow.This will fill and cushion the cud of cow, regulate fermenting speed, slow down the speed that fat is employed, and impel cow to be inclined to the largest amounts of milk peak value in the cycle of primiparity.In an exemplary feed rations, grass can be used as main forage composition, and leafy corn Silage unites the starch specification of about 80-90% and the granularity of A-C as less important forage, is mainly provided by dried nature of glass endosperm corn.Dry powder shape endosperm corn can be done nature of glass endosperm corn by admixture, to obtain the starch digestibility level and the granularity of this needs.As a kind of alternative daily feed of transitional period primiparity, leafy corn can be united use with dried nature of glass endosperm corn starch component.

For in early days/lactation period in mid-term daily feed purpose, wherein obtain the largest amounts of milk peak value and keep described largest amounts of milk peak value by low supply forage, the starch source of at utmost fermentation and the controlled position of starch digestion, some different daily feed combinations are possible.For example, the BMR corn Silage can be raised dual-purpose maize ensilage combination with grain the forage source is provided, and dry powder shape endosperm corn can be used as starch component and add, to help starch digestibility and A-D granularity.Storing sth. in a cellar the semiarid feed can substitute grain and raise dual-purpose maize and originate as less important forage.

In alternative approach, leafy corn can be raised dual-purpose maize with grain or be stored sth. in a cellar semiarid feed combination as the forage source with high humility powdery endosperm corn that starch source is provided, and this high humility powdery endosperm corn has＞85% starch digestibility and the granularity of A-D.

At last, for cow lactation period in late period, wherein should use the fermentability starch of height-NDF digestibility forage and minimizing, make milk yield and BCS (?) the target maximization, be the primiparity stage on the horizon to adjust the cow health simultaneously, the BMR corn can be raised the dual-purpose maize combination as the forage source with grain.Should add the starch digestibility with about 80-85% and the dried nature of glass endosperm corn of A-C granularity.In alternative daily feed of stage lactation period in late period, careless or leafy corn can substitute the BMR corn.

Table 6 shows another embodiment of the nutrition template that is used for method for breeding of the present invention.In this specific embodiments, dual-purpose maize ensilage 80 raised by grain or leafy corn Silage 84 tends to account for about 60-70% of forage composition used in the forage template for specific stage lactation period provides best base this forage.Because its much higher (58-64%) NDFd level, BMR corn Silage 86 can be main or basic forage, or replaced, with NDFd level or the dispensing NDFd that adjusts total forage.BMR is effective as the instrument of the NDFd level of stablizing the clover source especially, because the challenge of environment and results management, the NDF and the NDFd value of alterable height are tended to have in described clover source.With the BMR corn Silage as daily feed NDFd reinforcing agent for the high yield cow that is in early stage stage lactation period or to be subjected to feed to take in the cow that (supply) limit be important.

Understanding method for breeding of the present invention is to be important flexibly about the utilization in these main forages sources.Can use the combination in such source or two the above sources, this depends on the forage that can use the cattle farm and with respect to the animal level of production of the needs of feed ingredient cost.Therefore, for the primiparity cow with have high dry matter and energy is taken in early stage lactation period of the cow that needs, grain is raised dual-purpose maize ensilage 80, leafy corn Silage 84, can originate as main forage with BMR corn Silage 86, or be used in combination.Lactation period in mid-term, cow can be raised the feed rations raising of dual-purpose maize ensilage or leafy corn Silage with containing grain.At them since produce (maternity) reason do not have the dry milk cow in early stage that produces limited milk before the milk, dry milk later stage cow and do not give milk breed replacement heifer, only need to feed the forage of the content of starch of giving NDFd with minimizing or minimizing.Especially the BMR corn Silage will be wasted by them, and cause a large amount of accumulations of body weight or illness or cause the metabolism health problem.

The nutrition template of table 6 is set up the synergitic complete overview of forage source, cereal digestibility and granularity specification in the required particular range of the structure feed rations forage specification of production phase.This comprises two kinds of preferred main forage sources and a kind of preferred less important forage source that is used for each production group, the percentage in two kinds of main forage sources, the ratio in main ensilage/less important ensilage source, dispensing NDF and dispensing NDFd.Science after this nutrition template of exploitation comprises the research and the knowledge of following relation:

The accurate assessment of the digestibility of corn Silage idea (and energy content)

Raise the understanding of dual-purpose type, leafy and BMR corn hybrid and preparation strategy again about grain

Influence the heredity functional database of starch digestibility

Sufficient knowledge by following starch storage crop:

Cereal processing (granularity)

Endosperm type

Humidity

Maturity

Interactional knowledge/importance between ensilage fiber/cereal and the additional source

The accurately predicting animal is to these interactional responses of the ensilage and the grain component of daily feed

Be displayed in Table 7 an exemplary raising template.

As shown in the table 6; described main forage source should must preferably be of the primiparity cow and limit 70: 30 mixtures that leafy and grain is raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage; and clover or grass should be taked main/less important forage mixture of 60: 40 preferably as less important forage source.Simultaneously, the dry of the 33-37% of feed rations part should provide by having 90% starch digestibility and the cereal of " B " granularity at least.

For early stage lactation period of cow, the nutritionist has selection.He can adopt " early stage lactation period (B) " feed rations method, wherein the forage specification needs main/less important forage mixture of 70: 30, and wherein said main forage comprises grain and raises 80: 20 the mixture that dual-purpose maize ensilage and leafy or grain are raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage.Described cereal source should show at least 90% starch digestibility with " B-D " granularity, accounts for about 35-40% of feed rations dry part.For cow stage lactation period in mid-term following closely, the forage specification should preferably comprise the mixture of main/less important forage of 50: 50, wherein main forage is raised dual-purpose type and leafy or grain by grain and is raised 80: 20 mixture of dual-purpose maize ensilage and form, and less important forage needs clover.Described cereal source should be characterised in that the starch digestibility of about 85-90% and the granularity of " B-D ", accounts for the 35-40% of feed rations dry.

Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the early stage lactation period and stage lactation period in mid-term in lactation cycle, for dry and the energy of strengthening milk cow during the higher milk crop of milk cow are taken in, the nutritionist can select to utilize the higher fiber digestibility character of BMR corn Silage, yet be appreciated that simultaneously the BMR corn Silage needs to be used as carefully the part of the dispensing of balance, to control the optimum speed that feed link is crossed, keep ruminating and the cud buffer capacity, and the acidosis of avoiding in cud excessive generation propionic acid and causing.Fig. 8 shows the advantageous applications at the BMR corn Silage of the lactation cycle of Fig. 2 and milk crop stability curve.In this case, in 21-50 days time phases, the BMR corn is used and can be carried out the transition in the feed rations of cow, the milk of cow production this moment recruitment, and the feed that can have benefited from the increase that caused by the fiber digestibility that the BMR corn Silage improves is taken in.By this way, cow can avoid utilizing the body fat of it self deposit to compensate any net energy deficiency in feed rations." primiparity/early stage lactation period (A) " forage of this trophozoite template that needs are displayed in Table 5 (Nutritional Subtemplate), it comprises that BMR and leafy or grain raises the main forage of 60: 40 mixtures of dual-purpose maize ensilage, and wherein clover is originated as less important forage.

At 50-150 days, the milk cow energy demand will increase and increase along with milk crop is stable, up to reaching milk amount peak value, and then in negative-normally decline constantly after the-positive energy balance change.At this constantly, the cow energy demand reduces, and it needs energy still less in its daily feed, so that it can not increase unnecessary body weight.Therefore, cow should be fed with " early stage/lactation period in mid-term (A) " dispensing that table 5 shows, it comprises that BMR and leafy or grain raises 80: 20 main forage mixtures of dual-purpose maize ensilage, and the selection clover is originated as less important forage.As shown in the table 5, compare with the 35-40% starch of the standard that does not comprise the BMR corn Silage early stage lactation period (B) dispensing, starch digestibility and " B-D " grain size characteristic greater than 90%, the higher BMR content of this forage template should be by such starch dispensing specification balance, and described starch dispensing specification needs starch (about 33-35%), starch digestibility (about 80-85%) and thicker " A-C " granularity (seeing early stage lactation period of (A) dispensing) still less.To reduce the amount of the propionic acid that in the cow cud, produces by digestion BMR corn Silage to such strategy adjustment of amount of starch, starch digestibility and granularity; and help more digestion takes place in the small intestine zone, reduce the chance that cow suffers from acidosis thus.

Return with reference to figure 9, during " transition (transitional-out) " in, the cow BMR corn Silage that should break is dispensing lactation period in mid-term of table 6 then in all the other times in lactation stage in mid-term.Can comprise the mixture of the minimizing of 70%BMR corn Silage and 30% leafy corn Silage in the used main forage source of this transition period, select clover to originate as less important forage.Stage feed lactation period in mid-term does not following closely contain the BMR corn Silage.

For cow lactation period in late period, described forage specification is 50: 50 mixtures of main/less important forage preferably, and wherein said main forage is made up of 50: 50% mixtures of leafy corn Silage and grass, and described less important ensilage is a clover.Simultaneously, the cereal of described feed rations part should show the starch digestibility of about 80-85% and the granularity of " A-C ", and accounts for the 30-35% of this feed rations dry part.

The nutritional need of dry milk cow in early stage is different.Main forage should preferably leafy corn Silage and 40: 60% careless mixtures.Less important forage is clover preferably, and described main and less important forage source ratio is 50: 50.The cereal source should account for about 25-28% of described feed rations dry part, and is characterised in that the starch digestibility of about 70-80% and the granularity of " A-C ".

For dry milk later stage cow, main forage source should preferably need 70: 30 mixtures of grass and leafy corn Silage.Less important ensilage source should be a clover, has 40: 60 mixtures in described main and less important ensilage source.Grain component should show the starch digestibility of about 80-90% and the granularity of " B-C ".Described cereal should account for about 34-37% of feed rations dry.

At last, for breeding replacement heifer, should feed 70: 30 mixtures to main and less important forage.Described main forage should preferably be made up of 80: 20 mixtures of leafy corn Silage and grass.Described less important forage source should be clover or grass.Show about 25-30% that the cereal that is lower than 75% starch digestibility and " A-B " granularity should account for described feed dry part.

Method for breeding of the present invention allows the cattle farm to originate with part forage listed in non-forage fiber source (" the NFFS ") substitution tables 8.These NFFS substitutes comprise the cereal (wet or do) of beet pulp, oranges and tangerines pulp, soybean peel, maize gluten feed (wetting), maize gluten feed (doing), distillation winery, the cereal of brewery (wet or do) and cotton seed hulls.They are more clearly described in table 8, and the maximum of listing every kind of NFFS with the percentage of production group forage NDF substitutes amount.Using to the cattle farm of such NFFS source provides other flexibility and is used for the possible minimizing of feed rations preparation cost.

Table 8

When the forage deposit in the forage of on the farm, the planting source of estimating because abominable production environment becomes not enough, the approach that forage is bought outside the farm is limited or do not have a price competitiveness, when the chance of perhaps buying these NFFS became and has price competitiveness with normal forage source, non-forage NDF and NDFd source as beet pulp (best pulp) and soybean peel can be used for alternative forage.

Although in order to make the earning rate maximum of different cows production group, can there be best ensilage idea, but be not that each cattle farm can plant in their cattle farm structures or planting range or provide in addition and cuts apart (segmenting) all these three kinds of corn Silage materials.Some cattle farms may not have the needed needed soil or the storage system cut apart of enforcement, and setting up the described purpose of cutting apart is to keep these different ensilages sources.Therefore, method for breeding of the present invention is designed to make plantation group in farm to use one or more main ensilage sources of its running of best-fit.Yet the BMR corn Silage becomes to assign to maximize the repayment that described system is invested with the forage that needs become minimum acreage/tonnage.

Therefore, farm crop management person and its nutritionist will need to audit, and its present farm produces, milk cow produces and present raising strategy.This audit will be in conjunction with forage template 36 demands and cattle farm productive target, to design the forage module that will use.Part as this equation, can make such decision, described decision itself need be planted which kind of ensilage source about the cattle farm producer 94 on the farm that will plant, with respect to which kind of ensilage source can be the contract plantation 96 or buy from the third party in addition.

This raising template of table 9 is system of the present invention provides the level-of-detail of the best dispensing that designs and set up the production phase for the nutritionist a example.The composition of this feed template provides total dry absorption every day about the estimation of the milk cow in each production group, and main forage source (for example, corn Silage), the dry poundage of the corn cereal of alfalfa ensilage feed/alfalfa hay/careless less important forage source and admixture, it is formed for the nutrition of transporting appointment in the described nutrition template to cow must feed feed rations to every cow head.Should be appreciated that described nutrition template and raising template will be different between cattle farm and cow production group.A major advantage of method for breeding of the present invention is that it makes the nutrition template, raises template and the specific feed ingredient and the matched ability of concrete needs of each cow production group, and what this is based on is that desirable and what composition are that the nutritionist rationally is easy to obtain for nutrition being transported to cow.

In an importance of method for breeding of the present invention, should be according to cow shown in Figure 3 ring fence instrument 222 again, monitoring is in the cow of the quantum in the production phase, the preferred milk crop level of all cows.The milk cow that is used for fence grouping strategy balance sysmte has again been drawn the fate of giving milk in the lactation cycle, and the ability of cow reproduction and individual cow are formed the influence that the milk crop that changes and milk constituents react to daily feed.In conjunction with send here by the cattle farm detection day data and previous baseline detect data (date), can indicate the cow in the fence, to determine of the production influence of described daily feed to cow.The cow that discriminating descends from previous baseline values, and be that target is moved the hurdle and arrived suitable daily feed with it.The clean effect of this system is to measure dispensing production efficiency, differentiates the cow of erroneous packet in fence, and fence equilibrium strategy again is provided accurately, so that productivity and earning rate maximization keep whole drove health simultaneously.

This again ring fence high producing cow and low yield milk cow is separated.Can continue described daily feed for described high yield cow, it can make them obtain high milk crop numerical value, and can not be subjected to the obstruction of low yield cow.Simultaneously, the nutritionist can be for being prepared daily feed by fence again the low yield cow in the fence independently again, improving giving milk day and milk yield level and composition of these cows, and solves any drove health problem of the milk production that hinders them.This has described with conventional cow and has raised the significantly different of practice, raises in the practice conventional cow, only monitors the milk productivity data about whole cow production group, and all cows are fed with identical dispensing.

As in Figure 10, showing more fully, will identify the present fence grouping of every cow and be input to by the cattle farm master or in the computer 150 of nutritionist's operation of milking station (milking parlor) about the data of the milk crop level of every such cow, milk constituents etc.Transmit by data then and connect as improving (the Dairy Herd Improvement Association of association by the milk cow drove, " DHIA ") data that provide transmit and connect or available milk cow-comparison 305 systems in this industry, these data are transferred to third party nutritionist computer 152 with periodic basis (for example, weekly or every month).Use proprietary software, this nutritionist can with about in current production group untreated milk production data 154 convert simple, understandable curve Figure 156 to, wherein that every cow is previous milk productive rate (baseline) at cow in the milk productive rate increase or reduce and draw.Resulting cow above and below baseline 158 distributes and allows them to be assigned among high yield cow group (fence A) 160 and low producer group (the fence B) 162.The third party nutritionist can send back response data group 164 to the cattle farm, grouping strategy again (fence A is with respect to fence B) about cow, new nutrition template about fence A high yield cow, with their milk yield of further release and stable potentiality, with new nutrition template, so that they return to their milk crop baseline at least and solve any insoluble health problem of the milk productive rate may cause that their reduce about fence B low yield cow.Therefore, use this fence instrument that divides into groups again, be used to raise their the real-time needs of nutrition template response of the cow in the production cycle and dynamically change.

In the application, repeatedly mentioned real-time characterization instrument 226 shown in Figure 3.It is recorded and narrated in more detail and is authorizing the applicant's the U.S. Patent number of having authorized 7,174,672, by the U.S.S.N.11/584 of the applicant's pending trial when submitting on October 20th, 2006,767 and by the applicant in being the copending application of " system (Systemfor Real-Time Characterization of Ruminant Feed Components) that is used for the real-time characterization of ruminant feed composition " with its exercise question of submitting on the same day, all these by reference fully in conjunction with than.The present stock of forage on the farm and grain component, and can need real-time characterization by the new forage and the cereal crops of cattle farm plantation.Obtain the representative sample on every ground, and use the NIRS be in by the corresponding predictive equation necessary wavelength of previous exploitation to scan.Use the fibre of plant digestion feature of this prediction equation every ground.In addition, also use the starch digestibility feature in this set of equations prediction starch and forage source.Then, use the starch (RAS) that this starch feature determines that the cud in the multiple source in feed rations can be used and cross the starch (RBS) of cud.In addition, predictive equation can be predicted the fiber or the starch digestibility feature of varigrained forage or starch component.Be combined in originate the two these starch numerical value and fiber digestibility (NDFd) of main and less important forage in this dispensing and can calculate the RFI that is used for the feed design, to set up the daily feed of accurate and safe milk cow production phase.Significant values is such fact, that is, " former state " wet crops sample can real-time assessment, need not to resemble Routine Test Lab NIRS device and is dried and grinds required usually.

This NIRS analyzes in the laboratory or uses portable NIRS instrument to carry out in the open air.Ideally, the method for measuring these proterties is quick relatively, and is for example, real-time.Be meant in real time from obtaining and during test sample in 48 hours, and more preferably from obtaining and acquisition starch and fiber digestibility result in 24 hours during test sample.

In brief, this NIRS method comprises one group of crop plants sample with known features such as starch and fiber degradability of acquisition.Measure these features according to above-mentioned IVSD and NDFd measuring method.Also can use other starch known in the art and NDFd measuring method.These crop plants samples scan with near infrared spectrum.Be recorded in the reflectance in this near infrared spectrum then.For every group of sample, return the predictive equation of developing about every kind of proterties about the reflectance of crossing over wavelength by feature with known measurement.

For every kind of proterties, verify described predictive equation by the purpose feature of prediction independent groups sample.According to the present invention, the purpose measurement is characterized as: in cereal, and at the %IVSD of cereal, corn Silage, HMC or dried corn, and granularity.These numerical value are reflected in the speed and the degree of specifying cud starch digestion common 7 hours between the period of digestion.IVSD should be with different granulometries, such as 6mm, and 4mm, 2mm, 2UD, and 1UD.For the forage source, the purpose feature comprises dry matter content, NDF, fiber digestibility (NDFd), content of lignin, external total plant digestibility (IVTD), corn Silage starch digestibility (IVSD-CS), is in the corn Silage granularity of different fragment length (peNDF) and preservation processing method.At last,, comprise that grain raises dual-purpose maize, leafy corn, BMR corn, grass (ensilage/dried), clover (ensilage/dried) and BMR forage Chinese sorghum, should research and develop independently equation for the different crops kind that will be used for feed rations.

Near-infrared reflection degree spectrum (NIRS) is a kind of nondestructive, instrumental method of fast, accurately and accurately determining forage and feed chemical composition.NIRS is a kind of recognized technology about feed and forage analysis and commercial Application.NIRS has some unique advantages: the speed of analysis, and the non-destructive analysis of sample, the simplicity of sample preparation, and several analyses can be finished with a duplicate samples.Because the NIRS analysis operation is simple relatively, so reduced the error of operator-introducing.

For the in-vitro measurements starch degradable, in the culture medium of the rumen fluid inoculation that contains rumen microorganism, cultivate before the different time length and afterwards, analyze the starch concentration of the one group of crop plants sample that comprises the different crop plants of multiple heredity.Starch degradable is calculated as the percentage that accounts for total starch in the sample about the amount of starch that each object time, point disappeared.Starch concentration can by use be purchased the assay kit analysis before hydrolysis and concentration of glucose afterwards determine.Concentration of glucose can use the method for cracking enzymatic to determine or determine by high performance liquid chromatography.For the universal method of in-vitro measurements feed digestibility, referring to Goering and Van Soest (1970).Alternative methods is that the feed sample in porous bag is cultivated in the cud of ox or sheep.(Philippeau and Michalet-Doreau, 1997).

In order to measure external fiber digestibility, the plant tissue of drying is used

Flour mill grinds, and sieves by 1mm.Use the 0.5g sample, utilize the improvement of Goering and Van Soest (1970) method, use the cud time of staying of cultivating time representation purpose animal, determine external real digestibility (IVTD) and external neutral detergent fiber digestibility as 30 hours.Indigested IVTD residue is carried out neutral detergent fiber (NDF) method (Goering and Van Soest, 1970).The improvement of NDF method is to handle all samples with the 0.1ml AMS once more in reflux course and in the sample filtering process, as described in Mertens (1991).Before use, according to Mertens (1991), measure the activity of AMS.Calculate NDF digestibility (dNDF) by following equation: 100 about every duplicate samples ^*[(NDF-(100-IVTD))/NDF].

It is very important setting up for numerical value of the present invention about the accuracy of the laboratory values of the starch digestibility feature of the forage mass parameter that limits forage and cereal.For the concertedness that makes forage and cereal specification maximizes, obtain the accuracy of the synergitic forage template of forage in forage source, and need to characterize accurately in order accurately to research and develop the raising template.Therefore, it is important only using the assay laboratory that is authenticated by national forage detection association (NFTA) to keep the accuracy of this characterizing method and uniformity.

The present invention need the approved laboratory that has authenticated characterize forage and cereal the two, to set up the historic baseline that characterizes proterties about every kind.This baseline can be used for determining in the given season of growth the forage qualitative character and be used in forage in the nutrition template and hybrid hereditation and ambient influnence that the two potential raising of cereal is worth.Then, can accurately adjust, to keep the accuracy of resulting raising template about each milk cow production phase this nutrition template.

Identical real-time characterization method is used in essential good forage of feed ingredient and the genetic heredity exploitation of cereal.Real-time characterization is measured direction, progress and the proterties of hybridizing method and is improved the standard.It is also as screening and identify the genetic database development instrument of the highest enforcement that is used for the present patent application.In addition, this instrument can be used for measuring the qualitative character except that NDFd and IVSD, such as oil content, crude protein and NDF.

Above-mentioned specification, accompanying drawing and data provide the complete description of method for breeding of the present invention and resulting fodder compound.Because many embodiments of the present invention can be carried out under the conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the protection domain of described invention is in accompanying Claim.

Claims (31)

1. improve the method for milk crop stability in the lactation cycle multistage of milk cow, it causes the length that has a net increase of of each lactation period of total milk crop and milk constituents, and described method comprises the following steps:

(a) from raise the main source of the group selection forage that dual-purpose maize ensilage, leafy corn Silage and careless ensilage form by arteries and veins corn Silage, grain the brown leaf, be used to set up the dispensing forage composition that is used for the specific production phase, described dispensing forage composition has specific NDF and NDFd level;

(b) selection is used for the less important forage source of described production phase, described less important forage source replenishes (compliment) described main forage source by the specific forage granularity and the crude protein level that help this forage, described less important forage originate be selected from by grain raise the dual-purpose maize ensilage, clover is stored sth. in a cellar the group that semiarid feed, alfalfa hay, careless ensilage and clover/careless mixture is formed;

(c) select the independent opaque/powdery endosperm starch and the nature of glass/hard endosperm starch corn cereal source, and the described corn cereal source admixture horse profile of tooth idioplasm crop basis that will be used for the described production phase, to obtain so external starch digestibility level, thereby provide the proper level and the position of described starch digestion, and when the described cereal of digestion, described cow produces the suitableeest propionic acid;

(d) use the specified particle size that store method is produced the starch of the admixture that is used for the described production phase, with the level and the position of the propionic acid production of further improvement in cow; With

(e) be the amount of determining to be attached to the described main ensilage in the feed rations, less important ensilage, opaque/powdery endosperm starch corn cereal and the nature of glass/hard endosperm starch corn cereal the described production phase, wherein when cow consumes described feed rations, described amount is used for the ruminal environment of optimization cow inside optimization and produces used feed absorption level and starch degradation position and the energy absorption of milk crop character that improves.

2. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, it also comprises raising milk yield peak value.

3. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, it also comprises raising milk composition.

4. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein said main forage source comprises and is selected from the two or more ensilage of being raised the group that dual-purpose maize, leafy corn and grass form by arteries and veins corn, grain in the brown leaf.

5. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein in " transition primiparity " in the stage, the described main forage source that is used for described feed rations is made up of grass or leafy corn Silage.

6. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein in " early stage-lactation period/mid-term-lactation period " stage, the described main forage source that is used for described feed rations is made up of brown leaf arteries and veins corn Silage or leafy corn Silage.

7. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein in " late period-lactation period " stage, the described main forage source that is used for described feed rations is made up of brown leaf arteries and veins corn Silage, grass or leafy corn Silage.

8. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein in " early stage-lactation period/mid-term-lactation period " stage, the described less important forage source that is used for described feed rations is raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage by grain or is stored sth. in a cellar the semiarid feed and form.

9. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein in " late period-lactation period " stage, the described less important forage source that is used for described feed rations is raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage by grain and is formed.

10. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein said main forage source mainly comprises arteries and veins corn Silage in the brown leaf.

11. according to the method for breeding of claim 10, wherein:

(a) described main forage is originated and is comprised:

(i) in 21-50 days of lactation cycle, the about 60% brown leaf arteries and veins corn Silage and the about 40% leafy or grain that are used for described feed rations are raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage; With

(ii) at 50-150 days of the lactation cycle, the about 80% brown leaf arteries and veins corn Silage and the about 20% leafy or grain that are used for described feed rations are raised the dual-purpose maize ensilage; With

(b) corn of institute's admixture source shows the starch digestibility of about 80-85% and at least about the granularity of 1.0mm, and accounts for described feed rations dry about 33-35% partly.

12. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein the NDF scope at the feed rations that is used for described " primiparity cow " is about 32-34%.

13. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein the NDF scope at the feed rations that is used for described " early stage-lactation period " stage is about 28-30%.

14. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein the NDF scope at the described feed rations that is used for described " mid-term-lactation period " stage is about 30-32%.

15. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein the NDF scope at the described feed rations that is used for described " late period-lactation period " stage is about 32-34%.

16. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein the NDF scope at the described feed rations that is used for " dry milk early stage " stage is about 40-45%.

17. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein the NDF scope at the described feed rations that is used for " dry milk later stage " stage is about 35-40%.

18. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, wherein the NDF scope at the described feed rations that is used for breeding replacement heifer (heifer) is about at least 40%.

19. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, the corn cereal source of described admixture that wherein is used for the described feed rations in described " primiparity cow " stage shows at least 90% starch digestibility and the granularity of about 2.0-3.0mm.

20. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, the corn cereal source of described admixture that wherein is used for the described feed rations in described " early stage-lactation period " stage shows at least 90% starch digestibility and the granularity of about 0.5-3.0mm.

21. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, the corn cereal source of described admixture that wherein is used for the described feed rations in described " mid-term-lactation period " stage shows the starch digestibility of about 85-90% and the granularity of about 0.5-3.0mm.

22. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, the corn cereal source of described admixture that wherein is used for the described feed rations in described " late period-lactation period " stage shows the starch digestibility of about 85-90% and at least about the granularity of 1.0mm.

23. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, the corn cereal source of described admixture that wherein is used for the described feed rations in described " dry milk early stage " stage shows the starch digestibility of about 70-80% and at least about the granularity of 1.0mm.

24. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, the corn cereal source of described admixture that wherein is used for the described feed rations in described " dry milk later stage " stage shows the starch digestibility of about 80-90% and the granularity of about 1.0-3.0mm.

25. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, the corn cereal source of described admixture that wherein is used to breed the feed rations of replacement heifer shows and is lower than 75% starch digestibility and at least about the granularity of 2.0mm.

26. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, described method for breeding also comprises with powdery endosperm starch and/or nature of glass endosperm starch corn cereal admixture normal horse profile of tooth endosperm cereal or cenospecies cereal, with the starch digestibility level that need to obtain.

27. method for breeding according to claim 1, described method for breeding also comprises the step of the IVSD content of the NDFd content at least a forage of real-time characterization source or at least a starch source, to determine to be attached to the suitable amount of the main forage in the described feed rations, less important forage, powdery endosperm starch corn cereal and nature of glass endosperm corn cereal more accurately.

28. according to the method for breeding of claim 1, described method for breeding calculates dispensing fermentability index (" RFI ") before also being included in the described feed rations of preparation, with total NDFd and the IVSD of explanation from forage in the described feed rations and starch source.

29. according to the method for breeding of claim 28, wherein regularly do not calculate described RFI once more, and respond described new RFI and prepare described feed rations again in the production phase.

30. method for breeding according to claim 1, described method for breeding also is included in very first time point and calculates the milk crop numerical value of organizing at least one interior cow about the production phase, to set up baseline value, second time point in the described production phase calculates the milk crop numerical value about described cow then, the described second milk crop numerical value is compared at described baseline value, to determine that whether described cow should separate with other cow in this production phase group, and use again the feed prepared dispensing to raise in this production phase.

31. a feed rations that is used for milk cow, it is according to the method preparation of claim 1.

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