CN1016099B - Apparatus for measuring charge level - Google Patents
Apparatus for measuring charge levelInfo
- Publication number
- CN1016099B CN1016099B CN 87106698 CN87106698A CN1016099B CN 1016099 B CN1016099 B CN 1016099B CN 87106698 CN87106698 CN 87106698 CN 87106698 A CN87106698 A CN 87106698A CN 1016099 B CN1016099 B CN 1016099B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- detector
- gamma
- container
- collimator
- level
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
- G01F23/288—X-rays; Gamma rays or other forms of ionising radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/20—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measurement of weight, e.g. to determine the level of stored liquefied gas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of device of measuring vitrifacation high-level waste material level in the upright vessel.This device should be designed to can to high-level waste or other can not be approaching material carry out reliable work loading height by the operation of automatic or remote control and measure.This task is by (a) sniffer 3 with at least two gammas (γ) detector 9,10 to be set, (b) gamma (γ) detector is provided with the collimator perforate 14,19 that can aim at container 1 in shielding 12,13,15,20, (c) gamma (γ) detector is that these adjustable technical schemes realize in the locational mutual distance that defines with respect to the vertical stretching line 16 of container 1.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of device of measuring vitrifacation high-level waste material level in the upright vessel.
For wanting for example charging bit of vitrifacation high-level waste in container of non-destructive determination, can pass through to measure neutron and gamma (γ) ray, or measure with neutron and gamma (γ) ray.When adopting neutron measurement, not only to consider a kind of active (using an external neutrons source), but also will consider a kind of passive measurement.Because active measurement need be used a neutron source, but this neutron source is always not easily available, and measurement expense is quite expensive, so this kind method should not be selected for use.
Analysis result to high-level waste shows, only is that the neutron irradiation that each cubic metre low-enrichment uranium refuse concentrate produced in a second is about 14-22 neutron dose/cm by the spontaneous fission of curium-244
3Second.But owing to use hydrofluorite to come dissolved fuel and sleeve pipe, the fluorine content that makes low-enrichment uranium refuse concentrate is 10 grams up to every liter.Fluorine enters in the glass quantitatively.In addition, this glass also contains the boron (borosilicate glass) of 13% percentage by weight.Thus, the neutron irradiation in the glass is mainly by (α, n) neutron that produced of reaction causes to element fluorine and boron.The glass feed of low-enrichment uranium refuse concentrate is about 1 liter in per kilogram glass, corresponding to about 170 gram oxides.
In view of the above, in glass, finally produce greater than 200 neutron doses/cm
3Total neutron irradiation of second.To this, rule of thumb, under the situation of the neutron detector that uses sensitivity ε=1 numeration per second/nanovolt, can be at the lip-deep counting rate of container up to 500 numeration per seconds.
Since to material level measure to need a high position resolution (～2cm), so need a kind of capacious measuring equipment.Laboratory study shows, needs tygon (PE) shielding of 40cm wall thickness, so that the counting rate of obtaining high signal-background ratio and rising suddenly.Thus, passive neutron measurement may also be excluded.
Task of the present invention is to propose a kind of device, just can not allow approaching material to carry out reliable material level mensuration by the operation of automatic and remote control to high-level waste or other with this device.
This task can solve by the device with following feature:
Sniffer with at least two gammas (γ) detector,
Gamma (γ) detector is provided with the collimator perforate that can aim at container in shielding,
Gamma (γ) detector with respect to the vertical stretching line of container to define locational mutual distance be adjustable.
Gamma (γ) detector is arranged on the supporting arm of an activity together with its shielding;
Two gammas (γ) detector is provided with in a certain distance apart from one another along the vertical line direction;
The collimator perforate is arranged in like this, and the material level of the container first half can be observed with following detector, and can determine the termination of the process of feeding with top detector.
In the feature that other advantage applies of the present invention is described below.The installation filter disc can be adorned in front in the collimator perforate.Gamma (γ) detector at least can be movable on surface level by means of toggle link.Adopted the electronic circuit of tape program control.
According to the present invention, select for use passive gamma (γ) radionetric survey to measure the material level of vitrified high-level waste in the container.The characteristic of this mensuration is simple in structure, the position resolution height.
Detection system is installed on the supporting plate, and can be placed on the measuring position of container, and detection system is for example formed by two Geiger-Mueller tubes with as the spherical lead shield (radius 12cm) of collimator.The distance of two Geiger-Mueller tubes on surface level, for example they are symmetrical in the central shaft placement for 15cm(), improve so when injecting glass fiber, can not produce tangible signal, and also not influence of change in location.The height distance of detector equally for example is 15cm, so the whole first half of container can observe.Use plumbous filter disc can make gamma (γ) dosage optimization on the detecting location in the front of collimator perforate.In order to obtain sufficiently high glass specific activity (＞Curie (Ci)/liter), can add that an additional collimator that has than the small gap height improves position resolution by front in the collimator perforate.
At the counting rate that does not have to measure at charging position under the situation of container, along with the charging of container can be brought up to 1000 times, so draw a good signal/background ratio.The container vertical movement can make position resolution obtain confirming and making the position optimization.
Gamma of the present invention (γ) measuring system allows the charging process that good observation can be arranged.The first half of container is observed with measuring passage down, and can recognize the fault of charging process early.Under normal operation, use and measure the termination that passage is determined the charging process, and supervise the situation that the glass feed exhausts.
The measurement data of scale and gamma (γ) measuring system compared draw calibration curve.Adopt additional collimator,, cut off highly precisely determining in the scope of 1.5cm of glass flows (=175 kilograms) even radioactivity has changed one 2 ratio.
When normal running, three values (scale, down measure passage, on measure passage) must in error range, be consistent.If two values that measured by gamma (γ) are consistent, and deviation appears in the indicating value of scale, scale just breaks down so.Can stop the charging process safely by means of gamma (γ) measurement.Because gamma (γ) measuring system has two independent measurement channels, and an additional inspection is provided.
Test and the test carried out in a bigger time range show that gamma (γ) measuring system that conception is come out indicates the work loading height that cuts off the glass feed reliably, and can get rid of the excessive charging of container.
For the application of regular job, simplified the measurement electronic installation.The demonstration of counting rate (absolute value) and the adjustment of microprocessor parameter, realize by being contained in device on the control panel (display device for example, selector switch, or the like), with/or one the band miniature keyboard printer be connected on the V24 interface so that obtain large-scale data information record.
A kind of especially can be by considering that carrying out process variations under the initiating signal situation realizes to measuring the useful automatic calibration of passage down, therefore, the radioactivity fluctuation is no longer worked.In this way advantageously, two counting rates of measuring passage change irrelevant than V=counting rate 1/ counting rate 2 and radioactivity.In the scope work loading height is from 70 to 80cm, exist tangible funtcional relationship V=f(h).
Below will be by Fig. 1-4, come in conjunction with the embodiments that the present invention will be described in more detail.
Fig. 1 represents the layout of measurement mechanism.Near container 1,, sniffer 3 is housed towards the direction of furnace chamber 2.Measure the outside that electronic installation (also referring to Fig. 3) is positioned at chamber 5, near the display device of scale 4.
Fig. 1 is the elevation drawing of the structure of device, and Fig. 2 is its vertical view.Sniffer 3 is supported on the supporting plate 6, and can be placed on the measuring position of container as shown in the figure, and can swing to beyond the charge car moving range.In the middle of having by two the support arm in joint 8 to 7,7 ', detector 9,10 can be along moving towards the direction at container center, so can make the distance between detector and the container do change arbitrarily.Height change realizes by axle 11.
Two detectors 9 and 10(Geiger-Mueller tube) be embedded in have the long cylindrical shape middleware of 4cm, radius is shot 12, the 13(shielding of 12cm) in, select this form to be because they have best shielding weight.The collimator slit the 14, the 15th of packing into manufactures asymmetrically, so the visual field 19,20 of detector 9,10 downward (along vertical line 16 directions) is subjected to strict restriction, inclination up allows a bigger visual angle.In surface level, have each other and in the 40cm distance, may detect a △ h=11.5cm apart from detector 9,10 for 15cm, geometric widths in the middle of the △ b=3.9cm() scope, these visual fields the 19, the 20th are towards the center of container 1 or the (see figure 2) of axis of symmetry (vertical line 16).Thus, the glass fiber of injection does not produce additional signals, and the shift in position of container 1 does not cause that tangible signal changes.
Two detectors 9,10 height distance each other is 15cm, selects such position to be provided with, make when normal running, but the work loading height the during cut-out of last detector 9 sight glass feed.Can observe charging process in the container first half (glass discharge door 22, discharging opening supports 23) with following detector 10.Under the situation of breaking down, the speed of promptly feeding when (=3.2cm/ branch), can reach early stopping charging process up to 300 kilograms/hour.
For higher glass specific activity (＞Curie (Ci)/liter), the dosage that utilizes plumbous filter disc 17,18 to reduce on the detector position.Because last measurement passage 14 is determined the height that the glass feed cuts off, and can adorn an additional collimator that has little slit height (6mm) at this passage, makes position resolution obtain substantial improvement.
Gamma in glass 21 (γ) radioactivity be about 19,000,000,000,000 Bakes (TBq)/liter, major source for have be about 14,000,000,000,000 Bakes (TBq)/liter
137Caesium (Cs), its gamma (γ) emittance reaches 662 kiloelectron-volts.The gamma (γ) of glass 21 self of ignoring absorbs, and to the solid angle of one 10 steradian, the dosage at detector 9/10 position is about 2.5 sieverts (Siv).For this reason, use the counting rate that a small-sized Geiger-Mueller tube can reach about 500 numeration per seconds.
Around adopting is the thick plumbous collimator of 10cm, obtains a high position resolution thereby almost can obtain class's curve that has functional relation with material level.Detector 9,10 is observed the edge part (see figure 2) of container 1 by collimator slit 14,15.
Fig. 3 represents to measure the general picture of electronic installation, and the Geiger-Mueller tube with following sensitivity of having packed into two is as detector 9,10:
1.No.132, sensitivity ε=103400 numeration per second/sieverts (Siv) (cobalt 60)
2.No.133, sensitivity ε=95100 numeration per second/sieverts (Siv) (cobalt 60)
The impedance of pressing close to detector 9 or 10 places is chosen as 2.2 megaohms.
The 1st construction package 24 is made separate unit, comprises high-voltage power supply (550V), prime amplifier and frequency discriminator (1.5V).
On construction package 24, be internally connected with a control device of regulating prime amplifier and frequency discriminator, (current level 26 is used for central computer 27 to regulate threshold value (or ultimate value) together with microprocessor 25; Voltage level 28 is used for registering instrument 29) and be connected with two counter inputs that are used to add up reach 5 kilo hertzs of counting rates.Realize regulating and data answering by a V24 interface 30.
For carrying out the calibration operation of test macro, frequency discriminator signal 24 is delivered to the scaler 31 of computer aided measurement and control device through the pulse generator, this scaler is by 32 controls of a desk-top computer, and sense data (printer 33), for routine operation, current signal between the 4-20mA is enough, and sort signal is controlled by a corresponding electrically programable ROM software, and its input central computer 27.
25 pairs of pulses in a predetermined time interval △ t of microprocessor add up, and this counting rate can be replied and show by V25 interface 30.
For protection detector 9,10 under the radioactivity of glass 21 even the situation that may double with guarantee normal data aggregation, placed plumbous filter disc 17,18 in the front of collimator perforate.The maximum count rate of measuring passage (10,15,20) down is 2000 numeration per seconds, on measure passage (9,14,19) the maximum count rate be 1500 numeration per seconds.
In when beginning charging, 5 kilograms weight is added in discharging opening corresponding to container 1 and supports snap-in force on 23.When the charging process finishes, poor between the displayed value of weight of loading and scale 4, the snap-in force that expression increases, this pressure is because container heats the temperature rise that causes forms.
When the charging process began, counting rate was very low.Along with the raising of work loading height, promptly along with the increase of weight, the scattered ray that arrives detector 10 is more and more many.Measuring down in the passage, mean and to see liquid surface from detector 10 since 135 kilograms obvious rising.After surpassing 160 kilograms, liquid level has surpassed the upper limb of observation window.Same process also can observe at last measurement passage 9.When reaching termination weight, also can see liquid surface in this case from last detector 9.The comparative result of data shows good measurement reappearance.
According to discrete bandwidth, and the radioactivity of supposition glass 21 does not change, thereby by counting rate can accurately try to achieve to measure down path 10 in 135-155 kilogram scope and on measure the gravimetry of passage 9 in 153-180 kilogram scope, precision is 2 kilograms.Outside observation window, counting rate has only very little dependence to weight, so measuring accuracy is poor.
With measuring the upper area that path 10 is observed container 1 down, can be used for cutting off the charging process and go up measurement passage 9.
If the radioactivity of glass 21 changes, then must measure a new calibration curve (Fig. 4), keep accurate the coordination between counting rate and the weight so that make.
The adjusting of Measuring Time and scale factor realizes (Fig. 3) by V24 interface 30.In order to obtain the resolution of a high current signal, scale factor should select to make maximum counting rate corresponding to 16 milliamperes electric current like this.Employing reaches 20 milliamperes safety limit Cheng Shiyao and avoids microprocessor 25 to need to readjust under the situation that less radioactivity changes.In order to protect detector 9,10, need disconnect high pressure when finishing in container 1 charging.
If the position of detector 9 or 10 is changed, or do other additional change, as changing plumbous filter disc and readjusting the measurement electronic installation, then need to do a new calibration curve 34 or 35(by Fig. 4).Support point should be selected corresponding to the curvature of curve, because will adopt linear interpolation between support point.
When specific activity changes, equally also need to do a new calibration curve.
Under normal operation, three values (scale, down measure passage, on measure passage) must in error range, be consistent, as inconsistent, will distinguish following three kinds of situations so:
1. gamma (γ) measurement income value is consistent mutually, and they demonstrate common deviation to scale 4.If measure the numerical value unanimity that gamma (γ) is measured in the 120-170 kilogram scope that passages can both draw good gravimetry, might be that scale 4 exists error so only at all three.
2. the value of scale 4 is only consistent with the value that gamma (γ) is measured.In this case, being illustrated in another measures and to have fault (detector 9,10, measure electronic installation, imbalance, calibration and change, or the like) in passage.
3. three values are inconsistent mutually.Two gammas (γ) are measured passage, and the 2nd kind of situation may take place.Radioactive variation causes same effect.When radioactivity strengthened, two gammas (γ) value surpassed the value of scale 4, and perhaps situation is opposite.
When big change takes place, a kind of excessive current signal I＞19 milliampere of providing, another kind is too small current signal I
Maximum＜6 milliamperes.At this moment, microprocessor 25 must readjust with/maybe need to change plumbous filter disc 17,18.
Claims (5)
1, a kind ofly be used to measure device vitrifacation high-level waste material level, that have at least one gamma (γ) detector in the upright vessel, it is characterized in that:
Sniffer (3) with at least two gammas (γ) probe (9,10),
Gamma (γ) detector is provided with the collimator perforate (14,19,15,20) that can aim at container (1) in shielding (12,13),
Gamma (γ) detector with respect to the vertical stretching line (16) of container (1) to define locational mutual distance be adjustable.
Gamma (γ) detector (9,10) is arranged on the supporting arm (7,8,7 ') of an activity together with their shielding (12,13).
Two gammas (γ) detector (9,10) is provided with in a certain distance apart from one another along vertical line (16) direction.
Collimator perforate (14,19,15,20) is arranged in like this, and the material level of container (1) first half can be observed with following detector (10), and can determine the termination of the process of feeding with top detector (9).
2, by the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, filter disc 17,18 can be installed) in the front of collimator perforate (14,15).
3, by the device of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that by means of toggle link (7,8,7 '), gamma (γ) detector (9,10) is movable at least on surface level.
4, by the device of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, adopt the electronic circuit of tape program control.
5, by the device of claim 3, it is characterized in that, adopt the electronic circuit of tape program control.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863629965 DE3629965A1 (en) | 1986-09-03 | 1986-09-03 | Device for level measuring |
| DEP3629965.0 | 1986-09-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87106698A CN87106698A (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| CN1016099B true CN1016099B (en) | 1992-04-01 |
Family
ID=6308818
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87106698 Expired CN1016099B (en) | 1986-09-03 | 1987-09-03 | Apparatus for measuring charge level |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63132119A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1016099B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3629965A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3914864C2 (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1998-10-08 | Nis Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh | Method and device for measuring radioactive components |
| DE19847555A1 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-20 | Abb Research Ltd | Level measurement system for multi-phase offshore separator tank, comprises gamma detector to detect shadow of natural gamma radiation absorption by tank contents using long, vertical scintillation detector |
| DE10043629A1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-14 | Endress Hauser Gmbh Co | Device for determining and / or monitoring the density and / or the filling level of a filling material in a container |
| DE102007053860A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Radiometric measuring device |
| DE102008011382A1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Radiometric measuring system for determining or monitoring e.g. density profile/filling level of medium, has spatial area provided with argon and divided into counter tube-segments separated from each other and designed as counting chambers |
| US8707740B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2014-04-29 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems and methods |
| US9021838B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2015-05-05 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for glass manufacturing |
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| US9115017B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2015-08-25 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for monitoring glass and/or foam density as a function of vertical position within a vessel |
| US9776903B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2017-10-03 | Johns Manville | Apparatus, systems and methods for processing molten glass |
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| CN102589640B (en) * | 2012-03-17 | 2013-10-16 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Device for detecting filling ratios of steel balls of large-sized ball mills and detection method |
| US9533905B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2017-01-03 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters having an extended treatment zone and methods of producing molten glass |
| CN102735313B (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-07-30 | 郭云昌 | Method for determining middle material level curve of continuous passive nuclear material level gage |
| CN102706416A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-03 | 郭云昌 | Method referring to determine switching point of switch type passive nucleon material level gage |
| CN102798440A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2012-11-28 | 黑龙江省中贝技术有限公司 | Continuous kernel level monitoring method and device for realizing same |
| US9227865B2 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2016-01-05 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for making well-fined glass using submerged combustion |
| CN104568061A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 上海沃纳机电科技有限公司 | Multi-probe passive nuclear level meter |
| US10041666B2 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2018-08-07 | Johns Manville | Burner panels including dry-tip burners, submerged combustion melters, and methods |
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| US10144666B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2018-12-04 | Johns Manville | Processing organics and inorganics in a submerged combustion melter |
| US10246362B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2019-04-02 | Johns Manville | Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods |
| US10301208B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2019-05-28 | Johns Manville | Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same |
| US10196294B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2019-02-05 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters, wall structures or panels of same, and methods of using same |
| CN106645246B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2023-08-22 | 北京华科拓普电子仪器有限公司 | Neutron level gauge and delayed coking liquid level analysis system |
| CN108692794A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-10-23 | 哈尔滨共阳科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of detection adjusting apparatus of level-sensing device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD75644A (en) * | ||||
| DE1226320B (en) * | 1964-01-13 | 1966-10-06 | Vakutronik Dresden Veb | Follow-up device for continuous level monitoring |
| DE2624575C3 (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1979-09-06 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Device for monitoring a radioactive level measuring device |
| DE3135838C2 (en) * | 1981-09-10 | 1984-03-08 | Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Method for level measurement of tubes or sleeves filled with powders or liquids |
| JPS58172521A (en) * | 1982-04-02 | 1983-10-11 | Toshiba Corp | Method and device for measuring level in radioactive waste liquid storing tank |
-
1986
- 1986-09-03 DE DE19863629965 patent/DE3629965A1/en active Granted
-
1987
- 1987-09-03 CN CN 87106698 patent/CN1016099B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-09-03 JP JP21930587A patent/JPS63132119A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3629965A1 (en) | 1988-03-17 |
| JPS63132119A (en) | 1988-06-04 |
| CN87106698A (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| DE3629965C2 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
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