CN101600956B - 入口 - Google Patents

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CN101600956B
CN101600956B CN200780050535.8A CN200780050535A CN101600956B CN 101600956 B CN101600956 B CN 101600956B CN 200780050535 A CN200780050535 A CN 200780050535A CN 101600956 B CN101600956 B CN 101600956B
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伊恩·豪伊森
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Emerson Process Management Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

一种入口或关口,其包括检测器,所述检测器包括啁啾激光器;开放式光学样品池;以及用于检测来自所述啁啾激光器、已经通过所述池的光的检测器。所述啁啾激光器可以是量子级联激光器。

Description

入口
本发明涉及一种适合检测材料,特别是危险或不适宜材料的入口或关口。
发明背景
在许多环境,例如机场中,安全性是一个越来越大的问题。在恐怖主义威胁增加的情况下,能够检测潜在的危险材料,特别是被携带通过机场安全门的那些材料变得越来越重要。然而,实际上,这是困难的,因为常常存在仅痕量的材料,并且许多现有的系统不具有检测这种低水平的灵敏度。
一种用于在机场环境中检测危险材料的已知系统利用离子迁移率光谱(IMS)。粒子从通常为安全门的样品区被收集并且通过空气流或样品线传送到样品收集室。直至收集到预定浓度的样品才停止传送粒子。一旦预先浓缩的样品被收集,就加热粒子直至它们达到气相,随后电离,从而可以通过测量在两个带电板之间飞行的时间确定它们的质量。分子质量提供收集的粒子身份的指示。
IMS的问题在于许多不同的分子被发现具有类似的质量,使其容易发生错误的肯定和否定识别。另一个问题在于收集粒子的样品区相对有限,从而留下所关注的粒子未捕获的可能性。另外,必须将样品预先浓缩、加热和电离,这意味着测量响应时间通常为约数十秒。这对于许多安全用途太慢。
发明概述
根据本发明,提供一种入口或关口,其包括气体检测器,所述气体检测器包括啁啾激光器(chirped laser);开放式光学样品池;以及用于检测来自所述啁啾激光器、已经通过所述池(优选多次通过所述池)的光的检测器。优选地,开放式光学样品池是非共振的。
开放式样品池可以沿着入口的基本上整个长度延伸。开放式样品池可以长于1米,并且理想地,长于1.5米。
由波长啁啾本身提供的波长变化用于提供波长扫描。因此,无需利用例如叠加在脉冲串上的慢DC电流斜坡来调谐光谱区两端的有效发射线宽。这意味着取样速率可以很高,并且可以非常快速地进行全谱分析。使用快速的啁啾意味着可以克服扰动和振动噪音的影响。这是显著的优点。
啁啾激光器可以是半导体激光器,例如,半导体二极管激光器。啁啾光是通过对半导体二极管激光器施加一个或一串基本上阶跃函数的电脉冲以使激光器输出一个或多个脉冲而产生的,所述脉冲的每一个具有连续波长啁啾,用于注入到光学池中。激光器可以是量子级联激光器。
每个施加的脉冲可以具有大于150ns,特别是大于200ns的持续时间。每个施加的脉冲可以具有在150ns至300ns,优选200ns至300ns的范围内的持续时间。这可以提供约60GHz的调谐范围。
可以选择啁啾速率使得在非共振池的反射元件上的光斑之间存在足以基本上防止光干涉发生的时间延迟,其中所述光斑限定注入的啁啾从池壁反射的位置。
每个检测的脉冲可以具有大于150ns,特别是大于200ns的持续时间。优选地,每个检测的脉冲具有在150ns至300ns,优选200ns至300ns的范围内的持续时间。
附图简述
现在将仅仅通过举例并且参考附图描述本发明的各个方面,所述附图中:
图1是单个入口的示意图,并且
图2是多个入口装置的示意图。
附图详述
图1显示了人要进入例如机场中的安全或受控制的区域必须通过的入口或关口10。其具有开放式铝框架12,所述开放式铝框架12具有上横梁14以及两个相对的垂直支撑件16和17。在垂直支撑件之一16的内部是开放式的非共振光学样品池18,其每一端由反射镜20限定。开放式是指光学池18和入口开口22之间没有物理障碍。为了确保尽可能多的分子进入池18而没有吸收损失,激光池18沿着支撑件16的整个垂直长度延伸。因此,实际上,优选开放式样品池18长于1米,并且理想地,长于1.5米。
在检测低气体浓度,例如ppb时,使用完全开放和较长的光学池18是主要的优点。在气体被泵送至封闭池的情况下,分子将粘着到池壁上,并且可以在更新池之后长时间被检测。这可能造成错误的肯定并且降低响应时间。为了避免这种问题,可以加热整个池。然而,使用本发明的开放式框架无需这样,因为长的长度和开放式构造防止粘着,并且提供非常快的更新速率以及快得多的测量时间。
在样品池18对面的支撑件17上安置许多风扇24,所述风扇24被安置成将空气基本上水平吹向样品池18。这确保空气流的大体方向是进入样品池18。任选地,可以将风扇26安置在样品池支撑件16上以向其吸引空气,从而增强将分子推送到池18中。这些风扇26也有助于加速池的更新速率。
使用光纤光缆30将来自量子级联激光器28的光耦合到池中。将阶跃函数电脉冲施加到量子级联激光器28上,以使其输出连续的波长啁啾。优选地,每个施加的脉冲具有大于150ns,特别是大于200ns的持续时间。优选地,每个施加的脉冲具有在150ns至300ns,优选200ns至300ns的范围内的持续时间。这可以提供约60GHz的调谐范围。
通过光纤耦合30将连续的波长啁啾注入到光学池18中。由此提供的波长变化被用作脉冲内扫描。选择啁啾速率以基本上防止光学池中发生的光干涉。特别是,可以选择啁啾速率使得在非共振池的反射元件上的光斑之间存在足以基本上防止光干涉发生的时间延迟,其中所述光斑限定注入的啁啾从池壁反射的位置。这确保检测器的操作没有干扰带。在WO03087787中描述了用来这样做的技术,WO03087787的内容通过引用结合在此。
注入到池18中的光经历多次传递(pass)。为了提供高水平的灵敏度,优选将池18安置成提供100次以上的传递。使用光纤光缆34将从池18发出的光耦合到检测器32中。所施加的啁啾脉冲的波长变化足以允许检测某些材料例如过氧化物和EGDN的化学指纹(fingerprint)。以这种方式,可以利用检测的光,通过例如将所检测的指纹与储存的已知材料的指纹比较,明确地识别某些化学品,特别是某些危险或不适宜的材料。在理想地实现了化学品的肯定识别的同时,任选地,可以利用未解释的信号给出低水平的警告。
在该装置中使用量子级联激光器提供许多优点。与其它装置相比,因为其非常快速的响应速率,可以显著减少测量时间。此外,因为样品池18是完全开放的,因此没有穿过传输线或其它类型的样品收集装置时导致的损耗。另外,与其它常规测量相比,整个测量明显是更灵敏的。
技术人员应理解在不偏离本发明的情况下,封闭装置的变体是可以的。例如,尽管已经就人通过的入口描述了本发明,但是它同样可以是货物在例如进入安全或受控制的区域之前必须通过的入口或开口或关口。同样,尽管图1显示了单个入口,但是可以安置多个这样的入口,而把它们的输出提供给一个检测器装置,如图2中所示。因此,具体实施方案的上述说明仅仅作为实例,而非用于限制性目的。对于技术人员,显然在所述的操作没有显著变化的情况下,可以进行微小的改动。

Claims (26)

1.一种入口或关口,所述入口或关口适合允许人或货物通过,其中所述入口或关口具有垂直支撑件、啁啾激光器、开放式光学样品池以及检测器,所述检测器用于检测来自所述啁啾激光器、已经通过所述开放式光学样品池的光,其中所述开放式光学样品池的每一端由反射镜限定,所述反射镜被包括在所述垂直支撑件中,使得所述开放式光学样品池沿着所述垂直支撑件延伸。
2.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述开放式光学样品池被安置,使得光多次通过所述开放式光学样品池。
3.如权利要求2所述的入口或关口,其中所述开放式光学样品池被安置,使得光100次以上通过所述开放式光学样品池。
4.如在前权利要求中任一项所述的入口或关口,其中所述开放式光学样品池沿着所述垂直支撑件的基本上整个长度延伸。
5.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述开放式光学样品池长于1米。
6.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述开放式光学样品池长于1.5米。
7.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其包括用于向所述开放式光学样品池引导所述入口或关口中的气体的装置。
8.如权利要求7所述的入口或关口,其中所述引导装置包括一个或多个风扇。
9.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述开放式光学样品池包含于所述入口或关口的垂直支撑件中。
10.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述啁啾激光器是半导体激光器。
11.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述啁啾激光器是半导体二极管激光器。
12.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述啁啾激光器是量子级联激光器。
13.如权利要求11所述的入口或关口,其中啁啾光是通过对所述半导体二极管激光器施加一个或一串基本上阶跃函数的电脉冲以使所述激光器输出一个或多个脉冲而产生的,所述脉冲的每一个具有连续波长啁啾,用于注入到所述开放式光学样品池中。
14.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个施加的脉冲具有大于150ns的持续时间。
15.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个施加的脉冲具有大于200ns的持续时间。
16.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个施加的脉冲具有在150ns至300ns的范围内的持续时间。
17.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个施加的脉冲具有在200ns至300ns的范围内的持续时间。
18.如权利要求13至17中任一项所述的入口或关口,其中选择啁啾速率,使得在所述开放式光学样品池的反射镜上的光斑之间存在足以基本上防止光干涉发生的时间延迟,其中所述光斑限定注入的啁啾从开放式光学样品池壁反射的位置。
19.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个检测的脉冲具有大于150ns的持续时间。
20.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个检测的脉冲具有大于200ns的持续时间。
21.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个检测的脉冲具有在150ns至300ns的范围内的持续时间。
22.如权利要求13所述的入口或关口,其中每个检测的脉冲具有在200ns至300ns的范围内的持续时间。
23.如权利要求1所述的入口或关口,其中所述开放式光学样品池是非共振的。
24.一种系统,其包括多个如权利要求1所述的入口或关口。
25.如权利要求24所述的系统,其中所述多个入口或关口共用一个检测器。
26.如权利要求25所述的系统,其中利用光纤光缆使来自所述多个入口或关口的光通向所述一个检测器。
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US8339606B2 (en) 2012-12-25
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