CN101600527A - Building mortion - Google Patents
Building mortion Download PDFInfo
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- CN101600527A CN101600527A CNA2007800495500A CN200780049550A CN101600527A CN 101600527 A CN101600527 A CN 101600527A CN A2007800495500 A CNA2007800495500 A CN A2007800495500A CN 200780049550 A CN200780049550 A CN 200780049550A CN 101600527 A CN101600527 A CN 101600527A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/087—Compacting only using high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic field impulses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/008—Applying a magnetic field to the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of building mortion, it can coincide each other by the crystalline fracture that makes the alloy raw material powder that has more equal crystal orientation relation in the magnetic field, and being shaped has high direction-sense formed body.This building mortion (1) has: die cavity (22), and it fills the powder that polarizes in magnetic field or the electric field; Magnetic field or electric field generation means (4), it can be to being filled in powder externally-applied magnetic field or the electric field in this die cavity; Mixer means (54), it makes it directed by stirring powder under the state that has added magnetic field or electric field with magnetic field or electric field generation means; Pressurization means (31), (32), it is by making it to be shaped to the workpiece impressed pressure in magnetic field or electric field after stirring and the orientation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to by powder compression molding being made into the building mortion of body the building mortion that uses when more specifically relating to terres rares permanent magnets such as making the Nd-Fe-B based permanent magnet.
Background technology
Because terres rares permanent magnet, especially Nd-Fe-B is sintered magnet (so-called neodium magnet) but is that Nd, B element combinations with iron and cheapness and aboundresources stable supplying forms, also has high magnetic characteristic (maximum energy product is about 10 times of ferrite based magnet) when can cheaply make, thereby be widely used in multiple products such as electronic equipment, in recent years, motor and the application on the generator that mixes with automobile at the oil electricity also obtained progress.
As Nd-Fe-B is the manufacture method of sintered magnet, powder metallurgic method promptly is one of well-known method, this method is at first pressed certain ratio of component proportioning with Nd, Fe, B, through fusing, alloy raw material is produced in casting, for example earlier with the coarse crushing of hydrocrack operation, then with the jet micronizing operation micronizing of milling, acquisition alloy raw material powder.Then, the alloy raw material powder that makes acquisition in magnetic field directed (field orientation), under the state of externally-applied magnetic field, obtain formed body by compression molding.And make this formed body sintering under rated condition can produce sintered magnet.
As the compression forming method in the magnetic field, usually use single shaft adding pressure type compressing forming machine, this compressing forming machine is by the alloy raw material powder being filled in the die cavity that forms in the through hole of mould, use next to drift from above-below direction pressurization (punching press) with the alloy raw material powder compression molding, but the time with a pair of drift compression molding, owing to be filled in friction and the alloy raw material powder between the alloy raw material powder particle in the die cavity and be installed in friction between mould wall on the drift, high directionality can't be obtained, magnetic characteristic can't be improved.Therefore, (in the patent documentation 1) publicity goes out a kind of compression molding device, and it has after being filled into the alloy raw material powder in the die cavity, the structure that at least one side in upper punch and the low punch is vibrated to compression aspect (pressing direction) when field orientation.
Patent documentation 1: international No. 2002/60677 communique (with reference to the claim scope) that discloses
Summary of the invention
Because this compression molding device only is any one party vibration that makes upper punch and low punch when field orientation, thereby the relation of the position between the alloy raw material powder particle in the die cavity compares with the state in being filled into die cavity, almost do not change.Therefore, (because Nd-Fe-B is the alloy raw material powder of sintered magnet is by proportioning Nd to crystalline fracture between alloy raw material powder particle adjacent one another are on the field orientation direction, Fe, B, fusing, alloying after pulverize forms, thereby forming crystalline fracture on the surface of this alloy raw material powder) under the situation about misfitting, to cause leaving the gap between the alloy raw material powder particle, thereby the easy magnetizing axis of alloy raw material powder can't be consistent with the field orientation direction, if then have the directionality disorder in this state lower compression shaping, can't obtain the problem of the formed body of high directionality.
Therefore in view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide the building mortion with following formation, it coincide each other by the crystalline fracture that makes the powder that has more equal crystal orientation relation in magnetic field or the electric field, obtains to have high direction-sense formed body.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, the described building mortion of claim 1 is characterized in that having: filled chamber, and it can fill the powder that polarizes in magnetic field or the electric field; Magnetic field or electric field generation means, it can be to being filled in powder externally-applied magnetic field or the electric field in this filled chamber; Mixer means makes it directed by stirring powder under with the state of magnetic field or electric field generation means externally-applied magnetic field or electric field; The pressurization means, it is to by stirring the powder after the orientation, press molding in magnetic field or electric field.
If adopt the present invention, owing to can in magnetic field or electric field, stir powder with mixer means, make the powder orientation that is filled in the filled chamber, position relation between the powder particle in the filled chamber is changed from the state that is filled in the filled chamber, in the process that crystalline fracture on magnetic field or direction of an electric field coincide each other, the identical each other chance of crystalline fracture with the crystal orientation relation that equates more increases, because the crystalline fracture with equal crystal orientation relation is in case in conjunction with promptly forming firm marriage chain, thereby crystalline fracture has no to be combined as a whole with gap on the field orientation direction each other, can obtain to have the directed body of high directionality.And because available pressurization means are shaped powder in the state lower compression that the crystalline fracture with equal crystal orientation relation is bonded to each other, thereby in the formed body that can obtain high directionality, by the strong bonded between crystalline fracture, under low forming pressure, can obtain highdensity formed body with equal crystal orientation relation.The intensity that consequently can be enhanced to body reduces the substandard products incidence.
Can in filled chamber, advance and retreat flexibly if in advance aforementioned mixer means is set at, then can improve the operability that powder compression molding is obtained formed body.
Aforementioned filled chamber has the opening that uses when being filled into aforementioned powder in this filled chamber, when making aforementioned mixer means move in the filled chamber, the cap and the aforementioned mixer means of this opening are made as one if will blockade, and powder is splashed to the filled chamber outside during then can preventing to stir.
If constitute aforementioned mixer means with nonmagnetic substance in advance, when then in magnetic field, stirring the alloy raw material powder that permanent magnet uses, can prevent that the alloy raw material powder is attached on the mixer means, make and stir insufficiently, cause the magnetic field disorder.
Aforementioned magnetic field generation means preferably can produce the device that magnetic field intensity is the static magnetic field in 5～30kOe scope.Under the situation of making the terres rares permanent magnet,, then can't obtain the permanent magnet of high directionality and high magnetic characteristic if magnetic field intensity is lower than 5kOe.On the other hand, if greater than 30kOe, because field generator for magnetic is excessive, the durability of device reduces simultaneously, thereby lacks practicality.
In addition, aforementioned magnetic field generation means also can be to produce the device that magnetic field intensity is the heartbeat pulse magnetic field in 5～50kOe scope.Owing to can apply vibration to the powder itself that is filled in the filled chamber like this, thereby can further improve directionality.But, if magnetic field intensity is lower than 5kOe, then can't obtain the permanent magnet of high directionality and high magnetic characteristic.On the other hand, if greater than 50kOe, because field generator for magnetic is excessive, the durability of device reduces simultaneously, thereby lacks practicality.
And aforementioned powder for example is the alloy raw material powder of using with the rare earth element magnet that quench is made.So, because the alloy raw material powder is sharp-featured grain shape, can increase the area of single crystalline fracture, dwindle the gap between the alloy raw material powder particle, improve by the flowability that makes the alloy raw material powder, increase to combine with chance that the crystalline fracture with the alloy raw material powder that more equates the crystal orientation relation coincide each other and can further improve directionality.Consequently, if use building mortion of the present invention, then can obtain permanent magnet directed not disorderly, highdensity high magnetic characteristic.
(invention effect)
As mentioned above, building mortion of the present invention has following effect: coincide each other by the crystalline fracture that makes the powder that has more the crystal orientation relation that equates in magnetic field or the electric field, can produce and have high direction-sense formed body.
The specific embodiment
Be illustrated below with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 5.The 1st, building mortion of the present invention, building mortion 1 are applicable to makes the terres rares permanent magnet, especially the sintered magnet (containing directed body, formed body) of Nd-Fe-B system.Building mortion 1 is the compressing forming machine of single shaft adding pressure type, and its compression aspect (pressing direction) has the base plate 12 that supported by under-chassis 11 perpendicular to the field orientation direction.Dispose mould 2 above base plate 12, mould 2 is run through many pillars 13 supports of base plate 12, and the other end of each pillar 13 is connected with the connecting plate 14 that is arranged on base plate 12 belows.Connecting plate 14 and driving means, the piston rod 15 that for example has the oil hydraulic cylinder of known configurations connects, and can make connecting plate 14 liftings by actuating bottom oil hydraulic cylinder like this, mould 2 is gone up flexibly at above-below direction (compression aspect Y) moved.
On the substantial middle position of mould 2, form the through hole 21 of above-below direction, the low punch 31 that is vertically set on substantial middle position above the base plate 12 can upwards insert in the through hole 21 from downside, if mould 2 is descended by actuating bottom oil hydraulic cylinder, low punch 31 inserts in the through hole 21, can form die cavity (filled chamber) 22 in through hole 21.Powder feeder unit (not shown) with known configurations can be advanced and retreat in die cavity 22 flexibly, utilizes the alloy powder material described later that this powder feeder unit can filling weighs in advance in die cavity 22.
Dispose die frame 16 on the top of mould 2 and base plate 12 position in opposite directions.Can insert below die frame 16 on the position of die cavity 22 and be provided with upper punch 32, a pair of up and down upper punch 32 and low punch 31 constitute the pressurization means.In addition, form the through hole of above-below direction in the bight of die frame 16, each through hole interpolation is being worn the top guide post 17 that an end is fixed on mould 2.In addition, top and the driving means of die frame 16, the piston rod 18 that for example has the oil hydraulic cylinder (not shown) of known configurations connects, if make this oil hydraulic cylinder action, under the guiding of guide post 17, die frame 16 lifting flexibly, furthermore, upper punch 32 can (compression aspect) move on above-below direction flexibly, is inserted in the through hole 21 of the mould 2 that moves flexibly on the above-below direction.Like this can be when compression molding, 31,32 couples of alloy material powder P of a pair of drift apply compression stress and make it to be shaped the formed body (forming process) that acquisition has the regulation shape about utilizing in die cavity 22.
In addition, in order to make the alloy raw material powder P field orientation in the die cavity 22, on the periphery of mould 2, be provided with field generator for magnetic 4.Field generator for magnetic 4 has the pair of brackets 41a, the 41b that make of the high material of magnetic susceptibilities such as mild steel, pure iron and Po Mingde magnetic alloy with the form balanced configuration from sandwich mould 2. Twining coil 42a, 42b on two support 41a, the 41b,, going up the generation static magnetic field, can will be filled in the alloy raw material powder P orientation in the die cavity 22 like this at direction X perpendicular to compression aspect (above-below direction Y) by giving coil 42a, 42b energising.
Alloy raw material powder P as the powder that polarizes in magnetic field can make of following method.I.e. combination according to the rules matches well than Fe, B, Nd, uses quench earlier, and for example demoulding casting is produced the alloy of 0.05mm～0.5mm.In addition, also can make thickness with centre spinning is alloy about 5mm, also can add a spot of Cu, Zr, Dy, Al and Ga during proportioning.Then the alloy made from the coarse crushing of known hydrocrack operation, then with the jet micronizing operation micronizing in nitrogen atmosphere of milling, the alloy raw material powder of acquisition average grain diameter 2～10 μ m.This moment, alloy raw material powder P was sharp-featured graininess, can increase the area of single crystalline fracture, dwindles alloy raw material powder P gap to each other if use quench.
Mobilely preferably add lubricant for improving in the alloy raw material powder P that produces with said method, but utilize the surface of this lubricant covering alloy material powder P with the mixed proportion of regulation.Can use the low viscous solid lubricant and the fluid lubricant that can not damage mould as lubricant.As kollag lamellar compound (MoS is arranged
2, WS
2, MoSe, graphite, NB, CFx etc.), soft metal (Zn, Pb etc.), hard material (diamond dust, TiN powder etc.), organic polymer (PTEE system, nylon are fatty family, senior fatty family, fatty acid amide system, fatty acid ester system, metallic soap system etc.), be lubricating grease but preferably use zinc stearate, ethernamine, fluoro-ether.
In addition, as fluid lubricant, natural oil material (castor oil, coconut oil, palm wet goods vegetable oil, mineral oil, oil are grease etc.), organic low molecular material (lower aliphatic family, lower fatty acid acid amides system, low-grade fatty acid ester system) are arranged, but preferably use aqueous aliphatic acid, aqueous fatty acid ester, aqueous fluorine base lubricant.Fluid lubricant can use in the lump with interfacial agent, and also use useable solvents dilution back, because the residual carbon of residual lubricant becomes branch that the coercive force of magnet is descended behind the sintering, thereby preferably uses the low-molecular-weight material of being convenient to remove in sintering circuit.
In addition, in alloy raw material powder P, add under the situation of kollag, should add with the mixing ratio of 0.02wt%～0.1wt%.If be less than 0.02wt%, then can't improve the flowability of alloy raw material powder P, cause directionality not improve.In addition, if greater than 0.1wt%, when obtaining sintered magnet, because of being remained in the influence of the carbon in this sintered magnet, coercive force descends.In addition, when in alloy raw material powder P, adding under the fluid lubricant situation, should add with the ratio in 0.05wt%～5wt% scope.As be less than 0.05wt%, and then can't improve the flowability of alloy raw material powder, might cause directionality not improve.In addition, if greater than 5wt%, when obtaining sintered magnet, influenced coercive force and descend because of remaining in carbon in this sintered magnet.If add two kinds of lubricants of kollag and fluid lubricant simultaneously,, have better lubricant effect, thereby can obtain better directionality because lubricant can enter into each corner of alloy raw material powder P.
After in the die cavity 22 that in the through hole 21 that the alloy raw material powder P that produces with said method is filled into mould 2, forms, by using next drift 31,32 is pressurizeed from above-below direction, the alloy raw material powder promptly is compressed shaping, but need make magnetic characteristic improve in order to obtain high directionality this moment.For this reason, building mortion 1 adopts following formation in the present embodiment: agitating device 5 is set at and can advances and retreat flexibly in die cavity 22.And after in being filled into alloy raw material powder P as the die cavity 22 of filled chamber, use next before to drift 31,32 compression moldings (forming process), by giving each coil 42a, the 42b energising of field generator for magnetic 4, under the state that produces static magnetic field (in the magnetic field), the alloy raw material powder P limit field orientation (directed operation) in the die cavity 22 is stirred on the limit.
Agitating device 5 has the support plate that be arranged in parallel above 51 with mould 2, is provided with the hydraulic cylinder 52 with known configurations on support plate 51.On the piston rod 52a of the following side-prominent hydraulic cylinder 52 of support plate 51, the air driven type motor 53 with known configurations is being installed, be configured to be positioned on the rotating shaft 53a of the motor 53 on the piston rod 52a length-wise axis rotating vane 54 (rotation is stirred) has been installed, rotating shaft 53a and rotating vane 54 constitute mixer meanses.Rotating vane 54 is members of screw wing (propeller blade) formula, and rotating shaft 53a and rotating vane 54 are used nonmagnetic substance, and for example the 18-8 stainless steel is made.Owing to rotating shaft 53a and rotating vane 54 be set at nonmagnetic substance make, thereby when in magnetic field, stirring the alloy raw material powder, can prevent that alloy raw material powder P is attached on the mixer means, make the stirring of alloy raw material powder P insufficient, magnetic field gets muddled.
Like this can be the time with alloy raw material powder P field orientation, by in alloy raw material powder P, adding the flowability that lubricant improves the alloy raw material powder, and the alloy raw material powder P that is filled in the good fluidity in the die cavity 22 by the stirring of externally-applied magnetic field limit, limit, make the position relation between the particulate of the alloy raw material powder P in the die cavity 22, state from be filled into die cavity 22 changes, this the two combine and can increase the chance that the crystalline fracture of the alloy raw material powder P with more equal crystal orientation relation matches, in a single day crystalline fracture with more equal crystal orientation relation is bonded to each other, can form firm marriage chain, make crystalline fracture on the field orientation direction, have no to combine with gap.The strength-enhanced of formed body do not have directed disorderly high density formed body M (with reference to Fig. 5) by being shaped in this state lower compression, can forming, owing to when can reducing the substandard products generation rate, also can obtain the formed body M (permanent magnet) of high magnetic characteristic.In the case, if adhesive hybrid resin among the alloy raw material powder P that fills in die cavity 22 in advance then can obtain the rare-earth bond magnet (formed body) of high magnetic characteristic.
Illustrate that below with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 5 using building mortion 1 of the present invention to make Nd-Fe-B is the process of sintered magnet.At first, mould 2 and low punch 31 separately above be a plane, by the actuating hydraulic cylinder, mould 2 is risen to apart from upper punch 32 is positioned on the assigned position of position of readiness (with reference to Fig. 1) of upper end, formation die cavity 22 through hole 21 in.Then, utilize not shown powder feeder unit, weighing in advance and the alloy raw material powder P that added lubricant with the mixed proportion of regulation are filled in the die cavity 22, powder feeder unit is withdrawed from.In the case, in order to prevent the biasing of alloy raw material powder P, and leave freedom of movement when stirring, the packed density of the alloy raw material powder P in the die cavity 22 can be set (with reference to Fig. 2) in the scope of 2.2～3.9g/cc.
The form that agitating device 5 is positioned at the rotating shaft 53a of motor 53 on the length-wise axis of a pair of drift 31,32 up and down moves (with reference to Fig. 2).And motor 53 and cap 56 descended by hydraulic cylinder 52, and contact with the top face of mould 2 by cap 56, when blocking through hole 21 top, rotating vane 54 is embedded in the alloy raw material powder P of die cavity 22 interior fillings (with reference to Fig. 3).Under this state, by giving coil 42a, the 42b energising of field generator for magnetic 4, motor 53 is moved in magnetic field, make rotating vane 54 in die cavity 22, rotate (directed operation).In the case, in order to obtain high directionality, can in 5kOe～30kOe scope, be preferably in the static magnetic field in 10kOe～26kOe scope and stir with agitating device 5.If magnetic field intensity less than 5kOe or greater than 30kOe, then can not get the workpiece of high directionality and high magnetic characteristic.For the alloy raw material powder P that are filled in the die cavity 22 are mixed fully, the rotating speed of rotating vane 54 can be set in 100～50000rpm scope in addition, and 4000rpm preferably makes it only to move official hour (1～5 second).
So, when using the method for having now, even if apply vibration by upper punch or low punch, still shown in Fig. 4 (a), under the situation that alloy raw material powder P1 crystalline fracture each other adjacent on the field orientation direction does not coincide, because alloy raw material powder P1 leaves the gap each other, thereby alloy raw material powder P1 is inconsistent on the field orientation direction, as being shaped, then directed disorderly in this state lower compression.In contrast, in the present embodiment, as adding under the magnetic field state, by stirring alloy raw material powder P orientation, then the intergranular position relation of the alloy raw material powder P in the die cavity 22 changes from the state that is filled in the die cavity 22, the identical each other chance of crystalline fracture with alloy raw material powder P of more equal crystal orientation relation increases, in case owing to combination between crystalline fracture with equal crystal orientation relation, promptly form firm marriage chain, shown in Fig. 4 (b), crystalline fracture is consistent with the field orientation direction as have no combination with gap on the field orientation direction bar-shapedly.
Then, the stirring one of the alloy raw material powder P in the magnetic field finishes, and makes piston rod 52a rise to rotating vane 54 and breaks away from after the position of mould 2 tops, withdraws from by agitating device 5 is slided along guide rail 55.In the case, do not stop power supply to coil 42a, 42b.And by die frame 16 is descended, the upside of upper punch 32 from through hole 22 inserted the through hole 21, adding under the magnetic field state, utilize a pair of drift 31,32 up and down, the compression molding of the alloy raw material powder P in the beginning die cavity 22.
Through after the stipulated time, stop power supply to coil 42a, 42b, under this state, carry out compression molding with maximum pressure.At last, finish compression molding, be formed into body M (forming process) by making the upper punch 32 decompression back of rising slowly slowly.So, because the alloy raw material powder is as have no combination with gap on the field orientation direction bar-shapedly at crystalline fracture, the state lower compression consistent with the field orientation direction is shaped, thereby can obtain not have directed disorderly highdensity formed body M (permanent magnet), magnetic characteristic is improved.
Forming pressure in the forming process should be at 0.1～1t/cm
2Set in the scope, if can be at 0.2～0.7t/cm
2Then better in the scope.If forming pressure is less than 0.1t/cm
2, formed body does not possess enough intensity, can break when for example extracting from the die cavity 22 of compressing forming machine.In addition, if forming pressure greater than 1t/cm
2, huge forming pressure puts on the alloy raw material powder P in the die cavity 22, forms when will cause directed collapse, on the formed body microgroove and crack might take place simultaneously.In addition, the magnetic field intensity in the forming process can be set in 5kOe～30kOe scope.If magnetic field intensity less than 5kOe, then can't obtain the workpiece of high directionality and high magnetic characteristic.If greater than 50kOe,, lack practicality in addition because field generator for magnetic is excessive.
Then take off after the magnetic by for example adding the opposing magnetic field of 3kOe, make mould 2 drop to the end that descends, the formed body M in the die cavity 22 promptly are pulled out above the mould 16, rise by making die frame 16, upper punch 32 is moved to the end that rises after, take out formed body.At last the formed body that obtains is accommodated in the not shown sintering furnace, for example under Ar gas atmosphere, with set point of temperature (1000 ℃) sintering stipulated time (sintering circuit), and in set point of temperature (500 ℃) Ar gas atmosphere, carry out the burin-in process of stipulated time, can obtain sintered magnet (sintered magnet of Nd-Fe-B system).
Present embodiment is to be illustrated at the single shaft adding pressure type of shaping direction perpendicular to magnetic direction, but is not limited thereto, and also can use the shaping direction building mortion parallel with magnetic direction.In addition, in the present embodiment, the directional magnetic field during as stirring and shaping, what use is the interior constant static magnetic field of magnetic field intensity of unit interval, but be not limited thereto, as shown in Figure 6, the heartbeat pulse magnetic field that the magnetic field intensity in also can the applying unit time changes with some cycles.Can add the opposing magnetic field this moment as shown in Figure 7.
So, owing to can when alloy raw material powder P stirs and be shaped, apply vibration to the alloy material powder, thereby can further improve directionality.In the case, the pulse period is 1ms～2s preferably, and non-in addition output time preferably is set in below the 500ms.As exceeding this scope, firm marriage chain will rupture, and can't obtain high directionality.In addition, add under the situation of heartbeat pulse magnetic field, preferably its peak value is set in 5～50kOe scope.If magnetic field intensity less than 5kOe, then can't obtain the workpiece of high directionality and high magnetic characteristic.If in addition greater than 50kOe,, lack practicality because field generator for magnetic is excessive.
In addition, present embodiment is (rotation is stirred) that is illustrated at the rotating vane 54 that uses the screw wing formula for mixer means, but be not limited thereto, also can the rectangular coil oar (not shown) that be provided with driving means such as cylinder be installed, this screw is embedded under the state among the alloy raw material powder P with specified period horizontal back and forth movement (level stirring) on the entire radius direction of die cavity 22 in the end of the piston rod 52a of oil hydraulic cylinder 52.In the case, also can be set at when rotation stirring or level stirring, move up and down, the alloy raw material powder P in the die cavity 22 are fully mixed by making piston rod 52a.
In addition, the rotating vane 54 when stirring about rotation is in stirring, so long as can carry out well-mixed to the alloy raw material powder P in the die cavity 22, be not particularly limited, also can produce air-flow, but its shape preferably is difficult in whipping process pulverizing the alloy raw material powder.As shown in Figure 7, as rotating vane, for example can use blade wing formula that the 90 ° of roughly L-shaped plate 54a that misplace respectively are set on rotating shaft (with reference to Fig. 7 (a), be provided with (with reference to Fig. 7 (b)) of the spiral wing formula of spiral vane 54b, and (with reference to Fig. 7 (c)) with anchor wing formula of the plate 54c that extends in parallel with rotating shaft, can suitably set rotating speed and mixing time according to the kind of selected rotating vane.In addition, as mixer means is not only to have rotation stirring and level to stir two kinds, also can adopt gas nozzle is installed in the end of piston rod 52a, the mixer means that constitutes with nonmagnetic substance, by intermittently or continuity ground inject high pressure gas stir alloy raw material powder P in the die cavity 22.
In addition, present embodiment is that the situation at the building mortion 1 shaping powder that uses the single shaft adding pressure type is illustrated, but also can use the hydrostatic pressing forming machine (not shown) of the use rubber moulding with well-known structure.In the case, be filled into alloy raw material powder P in the rubber moulding that constitutes filled chamber after, promptly available agitating device 5 is implemented in the directed operation that stirs in the magnetic field.In addition, also can implement to use second forming process of hydrostatic pressing forming machine secondary forming again through the formed body M of forming process acquisition with the building mortion 1 of single shaft adding pressure type.Can be reduced to the microgroove of body and the incidence in crack like this.
In addition, in the present embodiment, be in magnetic field, to stir alloy raw material powder P limit with building mortion 1 limit to make it field orientation and produce directed body, then produce formed body by compression molding under the state of externally-applied magnetic field, but also can use other method, the alloy raw material powder that obtains with said method is filled in the Mo system casing of top opening, stir the stipulated time in static magnetic field with above-mentioned agitating device 5, agitating device 5 is withdrawed from do not take off magnetic afterwards, but after opening part is installed the cap of Mo system on casing, decay magnetic field, the casing that cap then will the be installed sintering furnace of directly packing into carries out sintering, produces permanent magnet (sintered body).In the case, when magnetic field intensity is set at 12kOe, it is square to make casing be 7cm, the rotating speed of agitating device 5 is made as 40000rpm, mixing time is made as under the situation that obtained sintered body in 2 seconds, obtained Br=15.01kG, (BH) max=55.1MGOe, degree of orientation is 99% average magnetic characteristic.
Also have, present embodiment is that example is illustrated to make sintered magnet, but so long as the powder that polarizes in magnetic field or the electric field is directed makes directed body by making, the workpiece of this orientation body compression molding, all applicable building mortion 1 of the present invention.After being shaped, for example specifiable powder with regard to the handlebar regulation can produce the silicon nitride (Si3N4) that sintering forms in magnetic field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a position of readiness key diagram of implementing the building mortion of manufacture method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the action specification figure of building mortion shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the key diagram of the action (directed operation) of building mortion shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 4 (a) is the field orientation key diagram of prior art.(b) be the key diagram of stirring field orientation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the key diagram of the action (forming process) of building mortion shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 6 is the key diagram in heartbeat pulse magnetic field.
Fig. 7 is the key diagram of the distortion use-case in heartbeat pulse magnetic field.
Fig. 8 (a)～(c) is the alternate manner of the rotating vane that uses in the agitating device.
(number in the figure explanation)
1, compressing forming machine, 2, mould, 21, through hole, 22, die cavity, 31,32, drift, 4, field generator for magnetic, 5, agitating device, 54, rotating vane, 56, cap, P, alloy raw material powder.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of building mortion is characterized in that, has: filled chamber, and it can fill the powder that polarizes in magnetic field or the electric field; Magnetic field or electric field generation means, it can be to being filled in powder externally-applied magnetic field or the electric field in this filled chamber; Mixer means makes it directed by stirring powder under with the state of magnetic field or electric field generation means externally-applied magnetic field or electric field; The pressurization means, it is to by stirring the powder after the orientation, press molding in magnetic field or electric field.
2, building mortion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: aforementioned mixer means is set at and can advances and retreat flexibly in filled chamber.
3, building mortion according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: aforementioned filled chamber has the opening that uses when being filled into aforementioned powder in this filled chamber, when making aforementioned mixer means move in the filled chamber, the cap and the aforementioned mixer means of this opening of blockading is made as one.
4, according to each described building mortion in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: aforementioned mixer means is made of nonmagnetic substance.
5, according to each described building mortion in the claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: aforementioned magnetic field generation means are to produce the device that magnetic field intensity is the static magnetic field in 5～30kOe scope.
6, according to each described building mortion in the claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: aforementioned magnetic field generation means are to produce the device that magnetic field intensity is the heartbeat pulse magnetic field in 5～50kOe scope.
7, according to each described building mortion in the claim 1～6, it is characterized in that: aforementioned powder is the alloy raw material powder of using with the rare earth element magnet that quench is made.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP003401/2007 | 2007-01-11 | ||
| JP2007003401 | 2007-01-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101600527A true CN101600527A (en) | 2009-12-09 |
Family
ID=39608510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800495500A Pending CN101600527A (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-12-05 | Building mortion |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090304833A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2008084611A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20090104091A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101600527A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112007003247T5 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2009130608A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200916236A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008084611A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103854843A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-11 | 宁波科宁达工业有限公司 | Pre-magnetizing equipment, pressing device and method for producing sintering permanent magnet |
| CN113333746A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-03 | 浙江中平粉末冶金有限公司 | Stamping equipment for powder metallurgy |
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| CN101961787B (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-04-25 | 宁德市星宇科技有限公司 | Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) die for forming uniform oriented magnetic field |
| JP2012084595A (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-26 | Dmt:Kk | Demagnetization apparatus and method |
| CN104985179B (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-07-25 | 马鞍山齐力机电设备有限公司 | A kind of lower top type magnetic material wet forming hydraulic press and its application method |
| RU173938U1 (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-09-20 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет "МИФИ" (НИЯУ МИФИ) | Device for electric pulse powder pressing |
| RU2690631C1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-06-04 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет "МИФИ" (НИЯУ МИФИ) | Device for electroimpulse pressing powder |
| RU186244U1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-14 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет "МИФИ" (НИЯУ МИФИ) | Device for electropulse pressing of non-heat-resistant materials |
| RU191477U1 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-07 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет "МИФИ" (НИЯУ МИФИ) | Device for electropulse pressing of capacitors from powder materials |
| RU198007U1 (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-06-11 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Device for electropulse compaction of electrically conductive powders containing radionuclides |
| RU195007U1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-13 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет "МИФИ" (НИЯУ МИФИ) | Device for electric pulse pressing of electrical contacts from powder materials |
| RU208066U1 (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-12-01 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Device for electropulse pressing of powder materials |
| RU208068U1 (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-12-01 | Российская Федерация от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Device for electropulse pressing of powder materials containing radionuclides |
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| US2667237A (en) * | 1948-09-27 | 1954-01-26 | Rabinow Jacob | Magnetic fluid shock absorber |
| US4371328A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1983-02-01 | Giles Duane D | Apparatus for making composition logs by compressing particles |
| JPH01124208A (en) * | 1987-11-09 | 1989-05-17 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Manufacture of diametrical bipolar magnet |
| JPH01228114A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1989-09-12 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Manufacture of anisotropic magnet |
| US5672363A (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1997-09-30 | Intermetallics Co., Ltd. | Production apparatus for making green compact |
| US5100602A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-03-31 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for powder filling an isostatic pressing mold |
| JP3058244B2 (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 2000-07-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | Magnetic toner conveying device and electrophotographic image forming device |
| JPWO2002060677A1 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2004-06-03 | 住友特殊金属株式会社 | Powder molding method |
| US7045092B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2006-05-16 | Neomax Co., Ltd. | Method for press molding rare earth alloy powder and method for producing sintered object of rare earth alloy |
| JP2006228937A (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-31 | Tdk Corp | Manufacturing method of rare earth sintered magnet and device for molding in magnetic field |
| JP2008133166A (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2008-06-12 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Hexagonal z-type ferrite sintered body and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-12-05 CN CNA2007800495500A patent/CN101600527A/en active Pending
- 2007-12-05 JP JP2008553020A patent/JPWO2008084611A1/en active Pending
- 2007-12-05 US US12/522,416 patent/US20090304833A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-05 RU RU2009130608/02A patent/RU2009130608A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-05 DE DE112007003247T patent/DE112007003247T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-05 KR KR1020097016209A patent/KR20090104091A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-05 WO PCT/JP2007/073480 patent/WO2008084611A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-24 TW TW096149768A patent/TW200916236A/en unknown
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103854843A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-11 | 宁波科宁达工业有限公司 | Pre-magnetizing equipment, pressing device and method for producing sintering permanent magnet |
| CN103854843B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2017-08-15 | 宁波科宁达工业有限公司 | Produce preliminary filling magnetic machine, press device and the method for sintered permanent magnet |
| CN113333746A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-03 | 浙江中平粉末冶金有限公司 | Stamping equipment for powder metallurgy |
| CN113333746B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-12-16 | 浙江中平粉末冶金有限公司 | Stamping equipment for powder metallurgy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112007003247T5 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
| RU2009130608A (en) | 2011-02-20 |
| JPWO2008084611A1 (en) | 2010-04-30 |
| US20090304833A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
| WO2008084611A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
| TW200916236A (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| KR20090104091A (en) | 2009-10-05 |
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Open date: 20091209 |