CN101597186B - Method for removing heavy metals from waste compost by united elution by ammonium sulfate and malonic acid - Google Patents
Method for removing heavy metals from waste compost by united elution by ammonium sulfate and malonic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN101597186B CN101597186B CN2009100695851A CN200910069585A CN101597186B CN 101597186 B CN101597186 B CN 101597186B CN 2009100695851 A CN2009100695851 A CN 2009100695851A CN 200910069585 A CN200910069585 A CN 200910069585A CN 101597186 B CN101597186 B CN 101597186B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing heavy metals from waste compost by united elution using ammonium sulfate and malonic acid, mainly comprising the following steps: drying the domestic waste compost and carrying out elution on the domestic waste compost with mixed solution of the ammonium sulfate and the malonic acid, after elution, standing for 48h; carrying out elution with water every day in the same time and lasting for 2-3 times, collecting leacheate, filtering and carrying out digestion treatment and determining the change of the contents of such heavy metals as Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the solution; wherein, the ratio of the malonic acid of 20-40mmol/L to (NH4)2SO4 of lg/L is 1:1-2.5. The method of the invention belongs to the phase of mature development of elution technique and is used for technical support and preparation for pushing forward remediation work of national contaminated substrates.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate to reasonable, the safe handling method of garbage compost.The method of heavy metal in the garbage compost is removed in say so more specifically ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid associating drip washing.
Background technology
Heavy metal contamination has become one of main contents of environmental pollution.The characteristics of heavy metal contamination are can not be degraded and thoroughly elimination from environment, can only be another kind of form from a kind of form transformation, become lower concentration from high density, can accumulate enrichment in vivo.
Domestic waste refers in the daily life of city or solid-state, the semi-solid state refuse that produces in the activity of service is provided for the city daily life.Main component comprises kitchen excess, waste paper, plastic waste and brick and tile dregs etc.Its principal feature is complicated component, organic content height.Along with the growth of economy, the expansion of city size and the raising of living standards of the people, domestic waste output also continues to increase, and by 2000, global common property was given birth to about more than 100 hundred million tons of rubbish, and wherein China is about 1.2 hundred million tons.Recent years, the output of various countries' domestic waste was in ascendant trend, and according to statistics: the annual growth of developed country is 3%～6%; Developing country is 3%～10%; China is 3%～5%.The phenomenon of garbage-surrounded city has taken place in many cities, so the domestic waste problem has become the focus and the difficult point of puzzlement global various countries urban development.
Treating refuse has a variety of methods, and wherein compost had both been disposed rubbish, and the fertility of the meeting increase soil that is manured into soil, and can obtain the effect of killing two birds with one stone.Aerobic compost is under the condition of aerobic, by aerobic microbiological be used for carrying out, in composting process, dissolved organic matter matter in the organic waste sees through microbial cell wall and cytolemma and is that Institute of Micro-biology absorbs; Solid and colloidal organism are earlier attached to outside the microbe, and the material that is decomposed into solubility by Institute of Micro-biology's excretory extracellular enzyme infiltrates cell again.Microorganism is by self vital movement-redox and biosynthetic process, a part of absorbed oxidation operation is become simple inorganics, and discharge microorganism growth breeding energy needed, another part organism is transformed synthetic new cellular material, make the microorganism growth breeding, produce more organism.Its influence factor mainly includes compost organic content, water ratio, C/N, air flow, temperature etc.
World many countries adopts composting to waste of organic matter, gives concern very as a kind of mode of resource recycling, and it is garbage compost that development has two kinds of composting modes one faster, and the 2nd, make composite fertilizer's technology.
In recent years, China's garbage compost development is very fast, just uses since the eighties " Secondary Fermentation technology ", owing to taked forced seal, aerobic fermentation has shortened fermentation period, and compost machinery is gradually improved, and produces the trend industrialization.The mechanize garbage compost process for producing line of suitable China has been designed in cities such as Wuxi, Changzhou, Tianjin, Shenyang, Beijing, Wuhan voluntarily at present, but owing to compost quality is not high, production marketing is not good, receive and not support and reason such as hard to carry on, up to the present, great majority are successively closed, and have only several families still producing.Domestic waste is through after the harmless treatment, making compost, to be used for agriculture production be an important behave that improves environment, makes full use of the waste material increasing both production and income, the continuous administration garbage compost to the output of farm crop and quality effect how, extremely people pay close attention to.
Garbage compost has the heavy metal pollution problem of existence, therefore, is manured into soil and can causes the secondary pollution of soil.This just needs to remove the heavy metal in the compost, and wherein drip-rinsing process is very important a kind of method.Definition saying about drip-rinsing process mainly contains following several at present: Wu Xiaofeng etc. think that drip-rinsing process is exactly the way by water filling, residual pollutent in the medium of flushing soil pores, make the flushing current import underground water, reclaim the flushing current then to reach the purpose of repairing polluted soil.Proposition drip-rinsing processs such as Semer are processes of removing organic and inorganic pollutant from contaminated soil, mud, settling, this process has comprised that contaminated soil contacts with high-energy between leacheate, and think, soil drip washing is physics and chemical process, can realize the innoxious transformation of separation, the minimizing of isolation volume and the Hazardous substances of some Hazardous substances.In brief, soil drip washing is exactly to utilize fluid to remove the process of soil pollutant, and it can be the original position reparation, also can be the dystopy reparation.The source of pollution of soil can be inorganic pollutant or organic pollutant, and leacheate can be that water, chemical solvents or other may be the pollutent fluids that drip washing goes out from soil, even may be gas.Though drip-rinsing process has many good qualities, a lot of limitation and examination problem to be solved are arranged also.
The problem that drip washing must solve is: if 1. drip-rinsing process is a physical process, migration has just taken place in pollutent, and its toxicity does not descend, and has therefore just related to the separation of matrix/leacheate, the separation of leacheate/pollutent and the recycle of leacheate; If 2. in the lessivation chemical process is arranged, the potential Harmful chemicals that uses in the drip washing may be difficult to separate from the matrix of handling; 3. the validity of drip washing also is subjected to following conditionality: a, pollutent to form complicated influence; The influence of soil ulmin composition in b, the matrix; The influence of c, solvent and matrix components reaction.
The limitation of drip-rinsing process: 1. relatively sticking heavy to quality, the poor matrix repairing effect of perviousness is poor; 2. the reasonable eluent price of result of use all compares costliness at present, can't be used for large-area actual repair; The recycling problem of the waste liquid that contains heavy metal that 3. drip washing goes out, and the soil and the phreatic secondary pollution problem that may cause owing to the residual of eluent.
During leacheate has a lot, inorganic eluent, artificial sequestrant etc. are arranged, wherein inorganic eluent can change the pH of matrix, makes matrix acidifying, and artificial sequestrant biological degradability is poor, is easy to cause the secondary pollution of matrix.Organic eluent has just remedied both deficiencies, and its biological degradability is good, environmentally safe.
Relative other eluent of mineral compound such as acid, alkali, salt has advantages such as cost is lower, effective, and speed of action is fast.Its mechanism of action mainly is the complex compound that destroys soil surface functional group and heavy metal formation by acidolysis, complexing or ion exchange, thereby being exchanged desorb, heavy metal gets off, and then stripping from the soil solution.Tampouris etc. have studied with HCl+CaCl by the earth pillar experiment
2Solution is as the heavy metal in the eluent removal contaminated soil.The result shows that this eluent is 94% to the clearance of Pb, is 78% to the clearance of Zn, is 70% to the clearance of Cd, proves HCl and CaCl
2It is very effective that solution is used restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.Alam etc. by the batch processing experimental study clearance of phosphoric acid salt to arsenic in the soil, show that phosphoric acid salt has higher removal to the arsenic of iron aluminium combined, clearance can reach more than 40%, and does not have positive effect for the arsenic of remaining attitude.
Though this eluent is good to the removal effect of heavy metal, the negative impact that its use brings also is quite serious.During as usefulness acid solution drip washing contaminated soil, because the dissolving of heavy metal in soil mainly is subjected to the control of pH value, pH value by acidified soil only acquires a certain degree, usually pH＜3 or 4 o'clock, most of heavy metal just exists with ionic forms, but too high acidity can seriously be destroyed the physico-chemical property of soil, makes a large amount of soil nutrient leaching losses, and havoc soil microaggregate structure.Because the character of himself can't be utilized it again, in lessivation, also can produce a large amount of waste liquids simultaneously in addition, increase the aftertreatment cost.This has all limited its application in actual repair.
Sun etc. have studied the clearance of EDTA to Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb in 4 kinds of soil in ground such as France and Britain by batch processing experiment and earth pillar experiment, and the result shows that EDTA is to Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb in batch processing, and the extraction efficiency of 4 heavy metal species is similar; In the earth pillar experiment, to the extraction efficiency maximum of Cu, the kinetics of the volatility of the minimum heavy metal form of the extraction efficiency of Pb, the desorb of soil counterweight metal adsorption and the addition manner of eluent are the principal elements that influences the EDTA elution efficiency.AndrewHong etc. have studied the soil that is used as the eluent repairing heavy metal pollution and the biologically stable of DTPA in repair process, show that DTPA is the sequestrant with strong sequestering action and reuse the same with EDTA, and have certain biologically stable, can be as the eluent of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.
Artificial sequestrant not only costs an arm and a leg, and biological degradability is also relatively poor,, also may pollute underground water simultaneously if remain in the secondary pollution that is easy to cause soil in the soil at lessivation.Also have many unsolved technical problems in addition in the recovery of the sequestrant that contains heavy metal, this has also limited its application in actual repair.
In addition, Wei Shiqiang etc. have studied natural organic matter humic acid and fulvic acid, and sequestrant EDTA and DTPA and 4 kinds of simple organic acids are to the stripping effect of purple soil Cd and the influence of adsorption-desorption behavior.The result shows, all can significantly promote the stripping of Cd from purple soil for 8 kinds of organism of examination.Natural organic acids is except having certain removing ability to heavy metal in soil in addition, and its biological degradability is also fine, environmentally safe.Therefore the application of this class material will provide more wide application prospect for the drip-rinsing process restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.
The inventor had once applied for " a kind of ELUTION METHOD (ZL 200610129873.8) of removing heavy metal reparation consumer garbage compost " in 2006.12.05.The eluent that adopts be various concentration tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), organic acid DL-oxysuccinic acid, citric acid is single or compound eluent.Effectively reduce the heavy metal content in the consumer garbage compost, and started the beginning in this field.Yet along with deepening continuously of research, the inventor finds: various types of eluents of using all exist certain shortcoming and limitation, the residual secondary pollution problem that causes in matrix as artificial sequestrant and tensio-active agent at present; During mineral acid drip washing to destruction of matrix structure and fertility etc.The improvement of the therefore exploitation of novel eluent, and original eluent has become the research emphasis in the drip washing recovery technique from now on.
The natural organic acids leacheate is more stable to the removing ability of heavy metal, even very high removing effect is also arranged under high pH, except forming the inner complex of soluble state with heavy metal, can make also that fixed heavy metal discharges in the oxide compound.In addition, these material biological degradabilities are good, environmentally safe.Therefore these a few class materials will progressively replace mineral acid, and leacheates such as artificial sequestrant are for drip-rinsing process repairing heavy metal pollution matrix provides application prospect widely.At present China is also fewer about research report like the drip washing, particularly adopts the heavy metal in the propanedioic acid drip washing removal garbage compost; Or the technology that adopts ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid associating drip washing to remove the heavy metal in the garbage compost is not more seen bibliographical information.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome artificial sequestrant and tensio-active agent residual secondary pollution problem that causes in matrix of present application; Adopt ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid associating drip washing to remove heavy metal in the garbage compost, how understand propanedioic acid drip washing effect simultaneously, along with its drip washing effect of rising of concentration again how, how or the like the collaborative removing ability to heavy metal of propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate, to reach the purpose of the safe and effective reasonable use of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life, for achieving the above object, the invention provides following technological method:
The method of heavy metal in the garbage compost is removed in ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid associating drip washing, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) will contain the consumer garbage compost of heavy metal contamination, the sorting of sieving, natural air drying grinds, and sieves, and is standby;
2) with fine sand 1%H
2SO
4Clean 100 ℃ of oven dry in back 24 hours, be used to filter bottom;
3) during the fine sand that will handle, garbage compost are packed elution device into, carry out drip washing, after drip washing finishes, leacheate was left standstill 48 hours with ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid mixed solution; Wherein the ratio of weight and number of compost and mixed solution is 1: 2-15; Preferred 1: 4-10.
4) water drip washing compost is once more collected leacheate, leaves standstill leacheate to be no longer included after the drip washing and oozes, placed 24 hours, again drip washing for the second time, drip washing is three times altogether, the collection leacheate;
5) with 3), 4) leacheate collected merges, carries out digestion process and make powder;
6) will digest the gained powder with rare nitric acid constant volume of 1%, measure the concentration of all kinds of heavy metals then.The method of heavy metal in the removal garbage compost of the present invention, heavy metal wherein is: Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb.
The method of heavy metal in the removal garbage compost of the present invention, wherein the ratio of weight and number of ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid mixing solutions is: the 20-40mmol/L propanedioic acid: 1g/L (NH
4)
2SO
4=1: 1-2.5.The ratio of weight and number of preferably sulfuric acid ammonium and propanedioic acid mixing solutions is: the 20mmol/L propanedioic acid: 1g/L (NH
4)
2SO
4=1: 1-2.5.
The positively effect that the method for heavy metal is compared with prior art had in ammonium sulfate disclosed by the invention and the propanedioic acid associating drip washing removal garbage compost is;
(1) the present invention adopts natural organic acids and ammonium sulfate to be mixed and made into leacheate the heavy metal in the garbage compost is carried out drip washing effectively, experiment shows: the mixing solutions of ammonium sulfate, than obvious with the propanedioic acid drip washing effect of concentration, effect is lower than the propanedioic acid with concentration during high density during lower concentration.Be propanedioic acid 20mmol/L+N＞propanedioic acid 20mmol/L, propanedioic acid 40mmol/L＞propanedioic acid 40mmol/L+N.The synergy that propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate are described is better when lower concentration.
(2) drip washing technological operation of the present invention is simple, the drip washing effect very significantly, can effectively lower the content of heavy metal in the garbage compost, reduced pollution, for drip-rinsing process repairing heavy metal pollution matrix provides application prospect widely.
Embodiment
For simple and purpose clearly, hereinafter appropriate omission the description of known technology, in order to avoid those unnecessary details influences are to the description of the technical program.The present invention is described further below in conjunction with example.
Embodiment 1
1) will contain the consumer garbage compost of heavy metal contamination, the sorting of sieving, natural air drying grinds, and sieves, and is standby;
2) with fine sand 1%H
2SO
4Clean 100 ℃ of oven dry in back 24 hours, be used to filter bottom;
3) during the fine sand that will handle, garbage compost are packed elution device into, carry out drip washing, after drip washing finishes, leacheate was left standstill 48 hours with ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid mixed solution; Wherein the ratio of weight and number of compost and mixed solution is 1: 10.
4) water drip washing compost is once more collected leacheate, leaves standstill leacheate to be no longer included after the drip washing and oozes, placed 24 hours, again drip washing for the second time, drip washing is three times altogether, the collection leacheate;
5) with 3), 4) leacheate collected merges, carries out digestion process and make powder;
6) will digest the gained powder with rare nitric acid constant volume of 1%, measure the concentration of Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, all kinds of heavy metals of Pb then.
Embodiment 2 (more detailed experimentation is as follows):
Material: compost (oven dry), sand (washing oven dry with sulfuric acid), pvc pipe, propanedioic acid, ammonium sulfate.
Experimental design
Prepare:
Get 18 pvc pipes, an end is sealed with cloth, takes by weighing the 20g sand and pours in the pipe, takes by weighing the 110g compost again and pours into.18 pvc pipes post label, and are as follows: control group: use water wash for 3, use ammonium sulfate drip washing for 3.Experimental group: 3 propanedioic acid drip washing, 3 propanedioic acid, 3 propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate mixed liquors, 3 propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate mixed liquors with 40mmol/L with 20mmol/L with 40mmol/L with 20mmol/L.
The preparation leacheate
1) preparation of the propanedioic acid of 20mmol/L: every kilogram of compost needs the 20mmol propanedioic acid, and then the 110g compost needs the 2.2mmol propanedioic acid, and 110g compost 39ml solution, as then needing propanedioic acid 1.467g with 250ml volumetric flask adapted.
2) propanedioic acid of 40mmol/L needs 2.934g.
3) preparation of the propanedioic acid of 20mmol/L and ammonium sulfate mixed liquor: the 110g compost needs ammonium sulfate 0.5186g, then needs ammonium sulfate 3.324g with the preparation of 250ml volumetric flask.Then the propanedioic acid of 20mmol/L and ammonium sulfate mixed liquor need 1.467g propanedioic acid and 3.324g ammonium sulfate.
4) propanedioic acid of 40mmol/L and ammonium sulfate mixed liquor need 2.934g propanedioic acid and 3.324g ammonium sulfate.
Experimentation:
1) 18 pvc pipes that install compost are carried out drip washing with leacheate that 39ml joins respectively, drip washing finishes, and with preservative film the pvc pipe two ends is sealed, and leaves standstill 48 hours.Wherein the ratio of weight and number of compost and mixed solution is 1: 4-10.
2) use the drip washing of 100ml distilled water every day at one time, continue 2 times or 3 times, collect leacheate, claim its weight, and record.
3) get surplus liquid 50ml respectively in small beaker, add the 5ml concentrated nitric acid, be placed on the hot plate and heat, when treating that solution remains 10-15ml in the beaker, add the 5ml concentrated nitric acid again, cover watch-glass, up to seeing a large amount of white mists, take away watch-glass and use concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid to be added in the small beaker repeatedly, continue heating, up to white powder occurring with 2.5: 1 ratios.
4) will digest the gained powder in the 25ml volumetric flask with rare nitric acid constant volume of 1%, use the concentration of all kinds of heavy metals of TAS-990 atomic absorption spectrophotometer then.
Data processing:, calculate the quality of all kinds of heavy metals in the leacheate according to institute's check weighing metal concentration.Calculate three multiple mean value and standard deviation.
The invention technique effect is analyzed
The concentration of heavy metal (ug/ml) in table 1 control group
| Cd | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | |
| H 2O① | 0.01 | 0.563 | 1.483 | 0.527 | 0.522 | 3.564 | 0.295 |
| H 2O② | 0.011 | 0.44 | 1.466 | 0.083 | 0.54 | 0.176 | 0.247 |
| H 2O③ | 0.012 | 0.451 | 1.508 | 0.118 | 0.53 | 0.262 | 0.35 |
| (NH 4) 2SO 4① | 0.03 | 1.341 | 2.213 | 0.082 | 0.633 | 0.259 | 0.455 |
| (NH 4) 2SO 4② | 0.028 | 0.947 | 2.147 | 0.927 | 0.635 | 0.291 | 0.659 |
| (NH 4) 2SO 4③ | 0.021 | 1.155 | 2.159 | 0.644 | 0.677 | 0.257 | 0.376 |
The get off concentration (ug/ml) of heavy metal of table 2 propanedioic acid drip washing
| Cd | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | |
| Propanedioic acid is 20mmol/L 1. | 0.033 | 0.996 | 1.379 | 0.096 | 0.55 | 0.353 | 0.321 |
| Propanedioic acid is 20mmol/L 2. | 0.037 | 0.79 | 1.318 | 0.143 | 0.475 | 0.327 | 0.297 |
| Propanedioic acid is 20mmol/L 3. | 0.03 | 1.015 | 1.322 | 0.254 | 0.558 | 0.345 | 0.355 |
| Propanedioic acid is 40mmol/L 1. | 0.07 | 1.144 | 2.256 | 2.599 | 0.545 | 0.476 | 0.798 |
| Propanedioic acid is 40mmol/L 2. | 0.066 | 1.253 | 2.368 | 3.091 | 0.576 | 0.455 | 0.821 |
| Propanedioic acid is 40mmol/L 3. | 0.06 | 1.131 | 1.72 | 0.962 | 0.659 | 0.434 | 0.345 |
The get off concentration (ug/ml) of heavy metal of table 3 propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate mixed liquor drip washing
| Cd | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | |
| Propanedioic acid is 20mmol/L+N 1. | 0.038 | 1.246 | 1.837 | 0.41 | 0.597 | 0.385 | 0.278 |
| Propanedioic acid is 20mmol/L+N 2. | 0.039 | 1.629 | 2.017 | 0.231 | 0.717 | 0.365 | 0.357 |
| Propanedioic acid is 20mmol/L+N 3. | 0.047 | 1.452 | 1.816 | 0.436 | 0.702 | 0.349 | 0.374 |
| Propanedioic acid is 40mmol/L+N 1. | 0.059 | 1.069 | 2.352 | 2.393 | 0.705 | 0.458 | 0.81 |
| Propanedioic acid is 40mmol/L+N 2. | 0.05 | 0.943 | 1.496 | 0.378 | 0.567 | 0.422 | 0.317 |
| Propanedioic acid is 40mmol/L+N 3. | 0.06 | 1.003 | 2.322 | 2.853 | 0.649 | 0.4 | 0.726 |
By calculating the quality of heavy metal in the leacheate, the drip washing effect of compare group, propanedioic acid, propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate mixed liquor also has the increase with propanedioic acid concentration, and the drip washing effect can be how.
The quality of heavy metal Cd, Cr, Pb (ug) in table 4 leacheate
| Cd | Cr | Pb | |
| H 2O | 1.384±0.134 | 60.872±7.661 | 27.908±5.135 |
| (NH 4) 2SO 4 | 3.283±0.586 | 143.10±24.410 | 33.547±2.397 |
| Propanedioic acid 20mmol/L | 4.121±0.488 | 115.19±13.868 | 42.193±1.008 |
| Propanedioic acid 40mmol/L | 8.040±0.546 | 144.810±9.085 | 56.000±2.033 |
| Propanedioic acid 20mmol/L+N | 5.146±0.645 | 179.769±26.675 | 45.576±1.769 |
| Propanedioic acid 40mmol/L+N | 6.965±0.621 | 124.32±7.691 | 52.806±4.066 |
Leacheate is to the drip washing effect of Cd, Cr, Pb
As can be seen from Table 4, the Cd that ammonium sulfate drip washing is got off is that the twice of water is many, and the Cd that propanedioic acid 40mmol/L drip washing is got off is the twice nearly of propanedioic acid 20mmol/L, and the Cd that propanedioic acid 40mmol/L drip washing is got off is more than 6 times of water; The Cr that ammonium sulfate drip washing is got off is that the twice of water is many, and the Cr that propanedioic acid 40mmol/L drip washing is got off is more more than propanedioic acid 20mmol/L's, and the Cr that propanedioic acid 40mmol/L drip washing is got off is more than 2 times of water; The Pb that ammonium sulfate drip washing is got off is more more than water, and the Pb that propanedioic acid 40mmol/L drip washing is got off is more more than propanedioic acid 20mmol/L's, and the Pb that propanedioic acid 40mmol/L drip washing is got off is more than 2 times of water.
The quality of heavy metal Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn (ug) in table 5 leacheate
| Cu | Mn | Ni | Zn | |
| H 2O | 186.824±2.785 | 30.227±30.411 | 66.752±2.325 | 37.344±6.119 |
| (NH 4) 2SO 4 | 270.987±4.014 | 68.760±53.689 | 80.854±3.173 | 61.941±18.235 |
| Propanedioic acid 20mmol/L | 165.470±2.912 | 20.302±9.957 | 65.132±4.762 | 40.044±3.240 |
| Propanedioic acid 40mmol/L | 260.228±41.850 | 272.657±137.05 | 73.090±7.891 | 80.478±32.745 |
| Propanedioic acid | 235.33±16.661 | 44.709±13.328 | 84.008±9.609 | 41.922±6.932 |
| 20mmol/L+N | ||||
| Propanedioic acid 40mmol/L+N | 253.978±58.570 | 197.489±132.45 | 79.197±8.370 | 76.262±32.310 |
Leacheate is to the drip washing effect of Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn
In the drip washing to Cu, ammonium sulfate drip washing best results.The drip washing effect of propanedioic acid 20mmol/L is the poorest, but concentration increase (40mmol/L) and with the mixing solutions of ammonium sulfate, drip washing effect amplification is very big.
In the drip washing to Mn, the Mn that ammonium sulfate drip washing is got off is that the twice of water is many, the drip washing effect of propanedioic acid 20mmol/L is the poorest, the Mn that the mixed solution drip washing of propanedioic acid 20mmol/L and ammonium sulfate is got off is 2 times of propanedioic acid 20mmol/L, and the Mn that propanedioic acid 40mmol/L drip washing is got off is more than 13 times of propanedioic acid 20mmol/L.
In the drip washing to Ni, it is better than water to add ammonium sulfate drip washing effect, and the propanedioic acid drip washing effect that adds lower concentration is bad, and along with the increase of concentration, effect better.The mixed solution drip washing effect of propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate than propanedioic acid obviously.The drip washing effect of ammonium sulfate is better than the propanedioic acid, the mixed solution drip washing best results of the propanedioic acid of lower concentration and ammonium sulfate.In the drip washing to Zn, the synergy of propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate is all not too obvious under two kinds of concentration.
In sum, be to total rule of seven heavy metal species drip washing effects: no matter add ammonium sulfate or propanedioic acid, all obvious than the drip washing effect that only adds water.Be ammonium sulfate＞water, propanedioic acid＞water.And along with the increase of propanedioic acid concentration, the drip washing effect is more obvious.It is propanedioic acid 40mmol/L＞propanedioic acid 20mmol/L＞propanedioic acid 0.The mixing solutions of propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate, than obvious with the propanedioic acid drip washing effect of concentration, effect is lower than the propanedioic acid with concentration during high density during lower concentration.Be propanedioic acid 20mmol/L+N＞propanedioic acid 20mmol/L, propanedioic acid 40mmol/L＞propanedioic acid 40mmol/L+N.The synergy that propanedioic acid and ammonium sulfate are described is better when lower concentration.
Conclusion
When carrying out drip washing with chemical process, the potential Harmful chemicals that uses may be difficult to separate from the matrix of handling, and by the research of this experiment, we find that the drip washing effect of organic acid (this experiment usefulness be propanedioic acid) is apparent in view, and along with the rising of concentration, effect is more obvious.In addition, the organic acid biological degradability is also fine, environmentally safe.Leacheates such as natural organic acids are more stable to the removing ability of heavy metal, even very high removing effect is also arranged under high pH, except forming the inner complex of soluble state with heavy metal, can make also that fixed heavy metal discharges in the oxide compound.Therefore the application of this class material will provide more wide application prospect for drip-rinsing process repairing heavy metal pollution matrix.Ammonium sulfate is nitrogenous about 20%, is called for short the sulphur ammonium, is commonly called as ammonium sulphate, is that China uses and produce the earliest a nitrogen fertilizers, accounts for 0.7% of China's nitrogenous fertilizer ultimate production at present.Nitrogen form is an ammonium ion, belongs to ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer.The drip washing effect of this nitrogenous fertilizer to heavy metal also studied in this experiment, and effect also is clearly, and as fertilizer sources, can not pollute matrix, and improve the fertilizer efficiency of garbage compost.About the collaborative reparation of organic acid and ammonium sulfate, this experiment has also drawn some conclusions, and promptly the synergy of the two is relatively good under lower concentration.
Compost is that the organic waste in the domestic refuse is changed into the stable material that matrix is had improving effect.Inevitably have each heavy metal species in the domestic refuse, although heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Zn are the needed trace elements of vital movement, institute is essential but most of heavy metal (as Hg, Pb, Cd etc.) is not vital movement, and all heavy metals are all harmful above finite concentration.Heavy metal not only causes the matrix environment pollution, and exist with various chemical states or chemical form, after entering the environment or the ecosystem, can retain, accumulate and move, the health of harm humans and whole ecological environment that is to say that matrix heavy metal contamination influences the quality of whole environment for human survival directly or indirectly.Therefore, the heavy metal in the processing environment becomes the task of top priority.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (3)
1. the method for heavy metal in the garbage compost is removed in ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid associating drip washing, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) will contain the consumer garbage compost of heavy metal contamination, the sorting of sieving, natural air drying grinds, and sieves, and is standby;
2) with fine sand 1%H
2SO
4Clean 100 ℃ of oven dry in back 24 hours, be used to filter bottom;
3) during the fine sand that will handle, garbage compost are packed elution device into, carry out drip washing, after drip washing finishes, leacheate was left standstill 48 hours with ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid mixed solution; Wherein the ratio of weight and number of compost and mixed solution is 1: 2-15;
4) water drip washing compost is once more collected leacheate, leaves standstill leacheate to be no longer included after the drip washing and oozes, placed 24 hours, again drip washing for the second time, drip washing is three times altogether, the collection leacheate;
5) with 3), 4) leacheate collected merges, carries out nitration treatment and make powder;
6) will digest the gained powder with rare nitric acid constant volume of 1%, measure the concentration of all kinds of heavy metals then;
Wherein the ratio of weight and number of ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid mixing solutions is: the 20-40mmol/L propanedioic acid: 1g/L (NH
4)
2SO
4=1: 1-2.5.
2. remove the method for heavy metal in the garbage compost according to claim 1, heavy metal wherein is: Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb.
3. remove the method for heavy metal in the garbage compost according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of weight and number of ammonium sulfate and propanedioic acid mixing solutions is: the 20mmol/L propanedioic acid: 1g/L (NH
4)
2SO
4=1: 1-2.5.
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| CN101343196A (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2009-01-14 | 天津师范大学 | Method for reducing different-grain diameter garbage compost osmotic pressure by employing leachate |
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| CN101343196A (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2009-01-14 | 天津师范大学 | Method for reducing different-grain diameter garbage compost osmotic pressure by employing leachate |
| CN101341844A (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2009-01-14 | 天津师范大学 | Method for preparing pull resistant turf base material with consumer waste compost with different grain diameter |
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