CN101595686A - 触发中间设备处的流分析 - Google Patents

触发中间设备处的流分析 Download PDF

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CN101595686A
CN101595686A CNA2007800502398A CN200780050239A CN101595686A CN 101595686 A CN101595686 A CN 101595686A CN A2007800502398 A CNA2007800502398 A CN A2007800502398A CN 200780050239 A CN200780050239 A CN 200780050239A CN 101595686 A CN101595686 A CN 101595686A
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grouping
flow
monitoring
equipment according
router
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CN101595686B (zh
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丹尼尔·G·温
罗伯特·J·碧斯克恩
瑞杰施·酷玛
莫哈马德·S·莫斯特法
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/02—Capturing of monitoring data
    • H04L43/026—Capturing of monitoring data using flow identification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/28—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
    • H04L47/286—Time to live
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/32—Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
    • H04L43/0829—Packet loss
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/16—Threshold monitoring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate

Abstract

在一个实施例中，路由器检查进入分组以寻找流监控请求。路由器可检查每个分组以寻找流监控请求，或者优选地可仅检查包括了指示该分组应该被扔掉并且不转发的寿命值的分组，或者可仅检查具有预定消息格式的分组。当流监控请求被包括时，路由器根据流监控请求来执行详细的流分析或其他监控。

Description

触发中间设备处的流分析
技术领域
本公开一般地涉及连网的领域。
背景技术
当通路上中间设备超载时或因为许多其他原因，通过分组交换网络在两个端点之间所建立的连接可能经历分组丢失。当分组丢失上升到某阈值时，需要识别不可接受的分组丢失的根本原因以便将分组丢失减少回可接受水平。一般地，在遵从并分析了来自每个中间设备的监控结果之后可识别根本原因。
网络管理系统(NMS)或其他更高级的设备一般控制触发由中间设备进行的监控。然而，这些NMS不总是觉察到由呼叫端点之一观测到的分组丢失。因此，由呼叫端点观测到的分组丢失或其他问题经常根本得不到解决，或者直到在呼叫端点之一观测到之后一些时间NMS观测到分组丢失才得到解决。下面的公开解决了这个问题和其他问题。
附图说明
图1示出了用于触发路由器以分析通过该路由器扩展的呼叫流的示例计算机。
图2示出了用于使用图1所示的计算机的示例方法。
图3示出了用于使用图1所示的路由器的示例方法。
具体实施方式
概述
在一个实施例中，路由器检查进入分组以寻找流监控请求。路由器可检查每个分组以寻找流监控请求，或者优选地可仅检查包括了指示该分组应该被扔掉并且不转发的寿命值的分组，或者可仅检查具有预定消息格式的分组。当流监控请求被包括时，路由器根据流监控请求来执行详细的流分析或其他监控。
描述
现在将参考附图描述本申请的几个优选示例。本发明的各种其他示例也是可以的和实际的。本申请可以以许多不同形式来例示并且不应该理解为受限制于这里陈述的示例。
上面列出的图示出了本发明的优选示例和这些示例的操作。在图中，方框的尺寸不希望表示各种物理组件的尺寸。相同的元素出现在多个图中的情况下，相同的标号用来在它出现的所有图中标示该元件。当两个元素操作不同时，使用不同的标号而不管这两个元素是否是相同类别的网络设备。
仅仅示出并描述了各种单元的必需向本领域的技术人员传达对示例的理解的那些部分。未示出的那些部分和元素在本领域中是传统的和已知的。
通过引用全部并入于此的共同未决的专利申请11/614,843描述了用于端点来跟踪路由(traceroute)使用一个或多个用户数据报协议(UDP)对网络地址翻译器(NAT)的简单穿越(STUN)消息的呼叫的技术。简要地，端点发送具有单调增加的生存时间(TTL)值的STUN消息以识别一个或多个中间设备，诸如位于呼叫通路上的路由器。STUN消息引出来自中间设备的错误响应以及可用来识别位于呼叫通路上的中间设备的来自远程端点的STUN响应。
本申请的实施例通过在这些STUN消息中插入额外属性来补充(leverage)这种技术。每当进入分组(incoming packet)的TTL值递减到零时，通路上路由器便检查进入分组以寻找此额外属性。优选地不检查具有大于零的递减后的TTL值的分组以寻找请求，但是其他实施例可检查分组以寻找请求而不管TTL值。观测到包括在跟踪路由消息内的请求触发了在根据该请求的那些中间设备处的流分析或其他监控。
图1示出了用于触发路由器以分析通过该路由器扩展的呼叫流的示例计算机。
参考图1，使用交互式连通建立(ICE)或类似的协议来建立用于在计算机A和远程端点(未示出)之间的介质交换的连接3。连接3包括通过路由器6扩展的通路。通常，该通路还通过N个其他路由器扩展；然而，为了简洁未示出这些其他路由器。此外，连接3可包括多于一条的通路。
计算机A一般不觉察到连接3通过网络采用的通路。为了识别连接3通过网络采用的通路，以及为了诊断的原因，计算机A跟踪路由该通路。在本示例中，计算机A使用STUN来跟踪路由呼叫通路并识别路由器6。当STUN用来跟踪路由呼叫通路时，跟踪路由可通过补充在ICE期间发送的STUN消息中的一个而在ICE之后或者在ICE期间发生。其他协议可用于跟踪路由消息，诸如实时协议(RTP)。
跟踪路由处理涉及生成具有单调增加的寿命值的多个消息。示出了用于使用STUN的跟踪路由的所生成的消息的示例。所生成的消息10包括具有TTL字段10B的IP分组10A以及STUN请求10C。TTL字段10B包括值一，其指示此所生成的消息10将会识别进行呼叫通路上第一跳的路由器6。生成与消息10类似的更多消息从而产生具有从一到至少N+1的TTL值的消息。
计算机A上的流分析触发软件4格式化所生成的消息10以及其他所生成的消息(未示出)以包括监控请求11。在本示例中，请求11为包括在STUN请求10C的有效载荷中的会话诊断STUN属性。
请求11包括标识要被监控的流的流标识符11A。在本示例中，流标识符11A是全局唯一呼叫标识符(GUCID)。包括在请求11中的这个和其他的字段或属性可以是被格式化的类型-长度-值(TLV)。代替GUICID或除了GUICID以外，作为唯一呼叫标识符并且已经出现在正常ICE交换中的STUN用户名可用来标识流。
请求11还包括命令字段11B，其指示所请求的流分析的属性，诸如要执行的监控的类型。例如，命令字段11B可请求包括对呼叫流中的分组计数的分析。此外，命令字段11B可标识要进行的测量，诸如内至抖动(inter-arrival jitter)。命令字段11B可指示所标识的呼叫流中的每个分组都应当被测量，或者仅仅是所选百分比的分组。
请求11还可包括其他监控属性11C。当请求分析呼叫流的仅仅一部分持续时间的呼叫流的、缩短的流分析时，这些属性11C包括用于路由器6进行监控的持续时间。属性11C还可包括请求远程端点启动(launch)跟踪路由的标志。属性11C还可指示统一资源定位器(URL)，其指示用于发布流分析结果13的非默认位置。
包括消息10的所生成的消息可从计算机A传送到第一跳路由器6。路由器6递减包括在这些消息中的TTL值，就像路由器6递减其他进入业务的TTL值一样。路由器6将具有大于零的递减后的TTL值的任何消息沿着转发到目的地址。然而，消息10具有递减到零的它的TTL值，这指示了寿命已经到期并且引出来自路由器6的因特网控制消息协议(ICMP)12错误。
利用流监控启动软件5来配置路由器6，流监控启动软件5被触发以响应于观测到具有到期寿命的分组。路由器6中的软件5观测具有到期寿命的消息10，然后使路由器6进一步检查消息10以寻找监控请求11。换句话说，路由器6仅检查具有到期寿命的消息，而不是检查每个进入分组以寻找监控请求11(这会需要大量的硬件资源)。当请求11被格式化为STUN消息时，软件5使路由器6通过定位包括在消息10的STUN有效载荷中的任何会话诊断属性来检查消息10。
当不包括软件5的不同路由器(未示出)收到包含监控请求11的消息之一时，该不同路由器不被触发检查消息以寻找请求11。因此，没有软件5的不同路由器根据递减的寿命值简单地转发或丢掉消息，而不用观测请求11。结果，用于触发由路由器6进行监控的技术没有损害对于未利用软件5来配置的不同路由器的向后兼容性。
一旦观测到包括监控请求11的消息10，路由器6就被触发以根据监控请求11开始监控呼叫流。路由器6可对呼叫流执行NetFlow监控或任何其他种类的监控。当可能路由器6根据一些默认监控已经在监控流的同时，路由器6仍然根据可与路由器6执行的默认监控不同的监控请求11来开始监控呼叫流。
路由器6生成流分析结果13，流分析结果13可存储在路由器6上用于传送到诸如网络管理系统(NMS)之类的另一网络设备，该另一网络设备可将结果13与来自其他路由器的结果相关联以识别分组丢失、延迟、抖动或其他问题的原因。当监控请求11包括流标识符11A时，软件5将标识符11A插入到结果13中以协助关联功能。
以类似的方式，具有软件5的其他通路上路由器也由所生成的消息中的各自的一个触发以启动流分析。来自所有路由器的监控结果然后通常被传送到NMS用于聚集和分析。使用经聚集的结果，NMS能够识别分组丢失或其他问题的根本原因。
其他实施例包括如下的系统：其中呼叫端点以除了用于跟踪路由的那些通信之外的其他类型的通信来将监控请求传送到路由器。在这些系统中，端点优选地包括预定消息格式的监控请求，该预定消息格式可以是与未必功能上等同于STUN的通信相对应的消息格式。然后，路由器上的软件被配置为对每个收到的分组进行初始检查以判断收到的分组是否包括预定消息格式。对于被识别为包括预定消息格式的分组，路由器对所识别的分组进行更加彻底的检查以判断它们是否包括监控请求。因此对不具有预定消息格式的分组不需要彻底的检查。路由器然后根据所包括的监控请求来执行监控。
其他实施例还包括如下的系统：其中呼叫端点以除了用于跟踪路由的那些通信之外的其他类型的通信来将监控请求传送到路由器，并且预定消息类型不被包括。在这些系统中的路由器可被配置为检查每个进入分组以寻找监控请求。类似其他实施例，这样的系统不需要NMS的涉入来启动或触发由路由器进行的监控。
图2示出了用于使用图1所示的计算机的示例方法。
在框201中，计算机A生成如下的分组：这些分组被格式化以引出一个或多个通路上中间设备丢掉分组并在分组到达分组中所包括的目的地址之前报告错误。这些分组可包含一部分跟踪路由，或者可仅配置为在到达目的地址之前达到到期的寿命。在框202中，计算机A将分组格式化以包括命令字段，该命令字段被配置为触发中间设备以执行对呼叫流的监控。在框203中，计算机A将分组格式化以包括指定要被监控的呼叫流的标识符。在框204中，计算机A发送被格式化的分组用于触发对中间设备的流分析。
图3示出了用于使用图1所示的路由器的示例方法。
在框301中，路由器6递减包括在进入分组上的寿命值。在框302中，路由器6判断寿命值是否递减到零(或者分组是否以另外的方式指示了它应该被丢掉并且不被转发)。在框303A中，当分组寿命还没有到期时，路由器6根据目的地址转发分组。
在框303B中，当递减后的寿命值等于零时，路由器6检查分组以寻找流分析请求。在框304中，如果流分析请求出现了，路由器6则根据包括在请求中的命令字段来监控由请求标识的呼叫流。在框305中，路由器6发送指示未转发分组的错误消息。
上面的示例描述了计算机触发对中间设备的监控。在其他示例中，其他端点，诸如个人计算机、IP电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、蜂窝电话、智能电话、公用电话交换网(PSTN)网关等，可触发对任何网络设备的远程监控。
上面已经参考附图描述了几个优选示例。本发明的各种其他示例也是可以的和实际的。该系统可以以许多不同形式来例示并且不应该理解为受限制于上面陈述的示例。
上面列出的图示出了本申请的优选示例和这些示例的操作。在图中，方框的尺寸不希望表示各种物理组件的尺寸。相同的元素出现在多个图中的情况下，相同的标号用来在它出现的所有图中标示该元件。
仅仅示出并描述了各种单元的必需向本领域的技术人员传达对示例的理解的那些部分。未示出的那些部分和元素在本领域中是传统的和已知的。
上述系统可使用执行一些或所有操作的专用处理器系统、微控制器、可编程逻辑设备或微处理器。上述操作中的一些可以以软件来实现，并且其他操作可以以硬件来实现。
为了方便的缘故，操作被描述为各种互连的功能块或不同的软件模块。然而，这是不一定的，并且可存在这些功能块或模块等效地聚集到具有不清晰边界的单个逻辑设备、程序或操作中的情况。无论如何，功能块和软件模块或者灵活接口的特征可由它们自身或者以硬件或软件的方式组合其他操作来实现。
已经以其优选实施例描述并例示了本发明的原理，应当清楚，在不脱离这些原理的情况下，可在布置和细节上修改本发明。我要求保护进入到权利要求的精神和范围之内的所有修改和变化。

Claims (20)

1.一种设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；以及
耦合到所述一个或多个处理器的存储器，所述存储器包括可由所述处理器执行的指令，当执行所述指令时所述处理器可操作以便：
在执行转发功能之前递减进入分组的寿命值；
识别所述进入分组中的包含了指示所超过寿命的递减后寿命值的一个或多个分组；
检查具有所述所超过寿命的所识别的分组以寻找监控请求；以及
根据所述监控请求来监控呼叫流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中不检查未被识别出的分组以寻找所述监控请求。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述所识别的分组与由所述呼叫流的端点启动的跟踪路由相对应。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述监控请求位于地址请求消息的有效载荷中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述处理器还可操作以便：
从所述监控请求中提取呼叫流标识符；以及
将所述呼叫流标识符插入到本地生成的监控结果中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述处理器还可操作以发送端点可用来发现位于呼叫通路上的路由器的存在的错误消息。
7.一种方法，包括：
接收进入分组；
将所述进入分组中的一个或多个识别为包含预定消息格式；
观测所识别的分组是否包括用于启动一个或多个数据流的分析的触发器，所述一个或多个数据流在生成并插入所述触发器的远程端点上终止；以及
响应于观测到包括在所述所识别的分组中的所述触发器而启动所述数据流的分析。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述所识别的分组被识别为具有所超过的寿命并且在接收后被丢掉而不转发。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述预定消息格式与用户数据报协议(UDP)对网络地址翻译器(NAT)的简单穿越(STUN)相对应。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，还包括仅对所述所识别的分组中所指定的持续时间分析所述数据流。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法还包括：当在所识别的进入分组中所包括的地址请求有效载荷内包括了统一资源定位器(URL)时，将所述分析的结果存储在非默认位置。
12.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中选择与所述分析相关联的所述数据流以与包括在所述所识别的进入分组中的标识符相对应。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所启动的分析与在所述所启动的分析开始之前对所述数据流所执行的默认分组流分析不同。
14.一种设备，包括：
用于生成多个分组的装置，所述多个分组被格式化以引出一个或多个通路上中间设备丢掉所述分组并在所述分组到达所述分组中所包括的目的地址之前报告错误；以及
用于将监控请求包括在所述分组中的装置，所述监控请求被格式化以触发所述通路上中间设备启动对于终止在具有所述目的地址的远程端点上的呼叫流的监控。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述分组包括对所述远程端点的如下请求：发送回用户数据报协议(UDP)对网络地址翻译器(NAT)的简单穿越(STUN)响应。
16.根据权利要求14所述的设备，还包括用于将所述监控请求格式化以指定内至抖动分析的装置。
17.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述分组包括跟踪路由的部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的设备，其中所述跟踪路由是实时协议(RTP)跟踪路由。
19.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述分组中的每一个都被格式化为在被丢掉之前完成不同数量的网络跳。
20.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述分组中的各个分组被格式化为启动对于所述通路上中间设备当中丢掉该分组的各个不同设备的监控。
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