CN101586197A - Method for preparing titanium alloy ingots through electron-beam cold bed furnaces by adopting conventional raw materials - Google Patents
Method for preparing titanium alloy ingots through electron-beam cold bed furnaces by adopting conventional raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN101586197A CN101586197A CNA2009100230924A CN200910023092A CN101586197A CN 101586197 A CN101586197 A CN 101586197A CN A2009100230924 A CNA2009100230924 A CN A2009100230924A CN 200910023092 A CN200910023092 A CN 200910023092A CN 101586197 A CN101586197 A CN 101586197A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing titanium alloy ingots through electron-beam cold bed furnaces by adopting conventional raw materials. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the species of every component of raw material for preparing the titanium alloy ingots, as well as corresponding addition amount thereof; secondly, weighing; thirdly, mixing the weighed components of the raw material for preparing the titanium alloy ingots, putting the mixture into an oil press and pressing the mixture to form electrodes; and fourthly, adopting an electron-beam cold bed furnace to melt and mold the pressed electrodes in succession and obtaining the molded titanium alloy ingots. The method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, good use effects and the capability of adopting simple-substance aluminum and master alloy of the aluminum and other conventional raw materials to successfully prepare the titanium alloy ingots. In addition, the prepared titanium alloy ingots have excellent performance and can effectively solve the defect and deficiency that the prior process for producing the titanium alloy ingots needs to use a large amount of return material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to titan alloy casting ingot manufacturing technology field, especially relate to a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace and adopt conventional raw materials to prepare the method for titan alloy casting ingot.
Background technology
Often occur high-density in the titan alloy casting ingot and be mingled with low density and metallurgical imperfection such as be mingled with, and above-mentioned defective becomes the fatigue cracking source of titanium alloy component, and reduce the work-ing life of titanium alloy component.For the high clean aircraft engine tumbler titanium alloy of production high-quality,, introduced the cold hearth melting technology in the world in late 1980s.Up to the present, cold hearth has all been equipped by the U.S. three big titanium companies, and has formed the cold hearth throughput of 35000T/.The aircraft engine revolving part titan alloy casting ingot of the U.S. about 40% is produced by cold hearth+vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace melting.The decapacitation of electron-beam cold bed furnace smelting technique eliminates high-density better and low density is mingled with, and obtains also to have following lot of advantages outside the thin brilliant homogeneous ingot casting: the production cost that for example can reduce titanium alloy plate significantly; Can reclaim defective material in a large number, can utilize defective material to make raw material in 100% ground; Can produce slab ingot, hollow ingot, the following process when reducing the production of sheet material and tubing; Can melting once become ingot to some purposes.The U.S. takes the lead in having launched research at electron-beam cold bed furnace single smelting technique, and electron-beam cold bed furnace single melting Ti-6Al-4V alloy cast ingot directly rolling sheet material is expected in the acquisition practical application of fields such as aviation, weapons, and has formed AMS 6945 standards.
U.S.'s control problem that is mingled with at the higher rotor component of specification of quality in the aerospace applications in 1988 is produced titan alloy casting ingot to 2 meltings of electron-beam cold bed furnace+vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace and has been carried out number of research projects.Raw material mass mixture ratio is: Ti-6Al-4V alloy returns are 68%, block pure titanium material is 17%, titanium sponge 10% and alloying element content are 5%, melting diameter be Φ 635mm, weight is ingot casting of 4300kg4 electron-beam cold bed furnace.Along the length direction of ingot casting 6 highly the place carry out sampling analysis, recorded the content of Al, V, O.Al content is lower at ingot casting starting stage content, and when ingot casting reaches 125mm, the fusing of ingot casting and the thermal equilibrium of casting enter the steady stage, and the composition of Al, V, O changes less, and the Composition Control of single melting is in the scope of standard code.
Timet company has a 3.2MW electron-beam cold bed furnace, and 5 electron beam gun are arranged, 3 750kw, and 2 500kW can produce the titanium slab of the 508mm * 1524mm * 4699mm and the 16.4t that weighs and the titanium ingot casting of the diameter 914mm * 4699mm and the 13.6t that weighs.Bibliographical information adopts the electron-beam cold bed furnace of the said firm, and raw material mass mixture ratio is 62.4% Ti-6Al-4V returns, 31.6% titanium sponge, 6% Al beans and V0Al master alloy, melting the 3994kg ingot casting.Ingot casting is got liquid sample every 12.5cm and is carried out chemical composition analysis, and the composition result who records is: Al:6.05～6.66%, V:3.9～4.25%, Fe:0.14～0.155%, C:0.02～0.026%, O:0.16～0.181%.Electron-beam cold bed furnace single melting Ti-6Al-4V ingot casting Al, V, O element distribution situation along its length show that the Al Volatile Elements has obtained better controlled, in the standard deviation scope.
ATI company has a maximum in the world electron-beam cold bed furnace, this electron-beam cold bed furnace is furnished with 8 electron beam gun, total power is 5.4MW, speed of melting can reach 3.624T/h, can produce the titanium or titanium alloy ingot casting of different shape and size, slab ingot is of a size of 863.583mm * 1422.372mm, and the diameter of circular ingot casting is 761.985mm, and weight reaches 25.368 tons.ATI company has carried out the production test of electron-beam cold bed furnace single melting Ti-6Al-4V titan alloy casting ingot, and purpose is for the ingot casting of verifying the electron-beam cold bed furnace melting application prospect at aviation field.By by 2006, to produce 5 Ti-6Al-4V alloy cast ingots altogether, and be rolled into the sheet material of different size, chemical ingredients is even, within the scope of standard-required.
Japan Dong Bang company has the electron-beam cold bed furnace of a 2000kw, and providing thermal source and 4 s' power by 4 electron beam gun is 600KW, and producible titanium ingot specification is 675 * 1750mm (weighing 10 tons) and 700 * 1000mm (weight 8T).Up to the present because the control difficulty of Al volatile element, the electron-beam cold bed furnace of Japanese Dong Bang company is mainly used in the pure titanium ingot of melting, and raw material is mainly titanium sponge, titanium bits and other returns.The research of electron-beam cold bed furnace aspect titanium alloy melting is carried out in calendar year 2001 company's decision, and has obtained result of study preferably.
In sum, electron-beam cold bed furnace self has the advantage incomparable with traditional consumable electroarc furnace, obtains people's approval.Yet this technology vacuum tightness in fusion process is higher, and the control of elemental compositions such as the Al that vapour pressure is higher than Ti, Cr, Mn is difficulty.Electron-beam cold bed furnace melting once titan alloy casting ingot technology is used returns in a large number at present, but because the output of returns is still quite limited, thereby limit the application of this technology aspect the titan alloy casting ingot melting.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace to adopt conventional raw materials to prepare the method for titan alloy casting ingot, its preparation technology is simple, easy to operate, result of use is good and can adopt the conventional raw materials such as master alloy of pure aluminum and aluminium successfully to prepare titan alloy casting ingot, and can effectively solve must a large amount of defective and deficiencies of using returns in the existing titan alloy casting ingot production technique.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace adopts conventional raw materials to prepare the method for titan alloy casting ingot, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, definite preparation titan alloy casting ingot each the component kind and the corresponding addition thereof of raw material, described preparation titan alloy casting ingot is formed by the master alloy of pure aluminum, aluminium, additional additive with as the titanium sponge of matrix with raw material: at first, determine the addition of described titan alloy casting ingot according to formula M=(0.5～0.7) X+ (0.7～0.9) Y with the master alloy of pure aluminum in the raw material and aluminium, wherein X is the addition of pure aluminum, Y is the addition of the master alloy of aluminium, and M is for being prepared into the content of aluminium in the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting; Secondly, according to the actual constituent that is prepared into the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting, corresponding additional additive kind and the addition of determining except that the master alloy external demand interpolation of pure aluminum and aluminium thereof; At last, according to the master alloy of the pure aluminum of being determined, aluminium and the addition of additional additive, the addition of corresponding release titanium sponge;
Step 2, according to the titan alloy casting ingot of preparation described in the step 1 with the addition of each component of raw material, take by weighing the pure aluminum of respective quality, master alloy, titanium sponge and the additional additive of aluminium respectively;
Put into oil press after step 3, the described preparation titan alloy casting ingot that will weigh up mix with each component of raw material and be pressed into electrode;
Step 4, employing electron-beam cold bed furnace are carried out melting and mold to the electrode that is pressed in succession, make the titan alloy casting ingot of moulding; The speed of melting of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is 80～150kg/h, and fusing power is 250～300kw, mold power 25～40kw; The crystallizer of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is a mold with the diameter of crucible is 220mm.
The master alloy of the aluminium described in the step 1 is one or more of Al-Si, Al-Mo, Al-Nb, Al-Sn or Al-V alloy.
The titan alloy casting ingot of preparation described in the step 1 is with in the raw material, aluminium element, titanium sponge and except that aluminium element and titanium sponge the mass percent of other element be 1～16%: 72～98%: 1～22%.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, reasonable in design, step of preparation process is simple and easy to operate.
2, result of use is good, and the present invention is than three smelting techniques of vacuum consumable electroarc furnace, and the present invention is that electron-beam cold bed furnace melting once technology has stronger advantage in the tooling cost that reduces the titanium material and aspect enhancing productivity; Can improve simultaneously the cleanliness factor of titan alloy casting ingot, obtain the high quality ingot casting, improve the practical life of titanium alloy component, satisfy aerospace flight vehicle, automobile and sports goods demand high quality titanium material.
3, the present invention adopts the conventional raw materials such as master alloy of pure aluminum and aluminium can successfully prepare titan alloy casting ingot, enlarging above-mentioned raw-material use range, when utilizing titanium resource to a greater extent, further reduced the production cost and the preparation difficulty of titan alloy casting ingot.
In sum, preparation technology of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, result of use is good and can adopt the conventional raw materials such as master alloy of pure aluminum and aluminium successfully to prepare titan alloy casting ingot, and prepared titan alloy casting ingot excellent property, can effectively solve must a large amount of defective and deficiencies of using returns in the production art on the existing titan alloy casting ingot.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, electron-beam cold bed furnace of the present invention adopts conventional raw materials to prepare the method for titan alloy casting ingot, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, definite preparation titan alloy casting ingot each the component kind and the corresponding addition thereof of raw material, described preparation titan alloy casting ingot is formed by the master alloy of pure aluminum, aluminium, additional additive with as the titanium sponge of matrix with raw material: at first, determine the addition of described titan alloy casting ingot according to formula M=(0.5～0.7) X+ (0.7～0.9) Y with the master alloy of pure aluminum in the raw material and aluminium, wherein X is the addition of pure aluminum, Y is the addition of the master alloy of aluminium, and M is for being prepared into the content of aluminium in the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting; Secondly, according to the actual constituent that is prepared into the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting, corresponding additional additive kind and the addition of determining except that the master alloy external demand interpolation of pure aluminum and aluminium thereof; At last, according to the master alloy of the pure aluminum of being determined, aluminium and the addition of additional additive, the addition of corresponding release titanium sponge.Described preparation titan alloy casting ingot is with in the raw material, aluminium element, titanium sponge and except that aluminium element and titanium sponge the mass percent of other element be 1～16%: 72～98%: 1～22%.The master alloy of described aluminium is one or more of Al-Si, Al-Mo, Al-Nb, Al-Sn or Al-V alloy.
In the present embodiment, the master alloy of described aluminium is the Al-85V alloy, Fe＜0.3wt% wherein, Si＜0.3wt%, C＜0.3wt%.Described pure aluminum is aluminium shot (Al beans), Fe＜0.2wt% wherein, Si＜0.12wt%, Ga＜0.03wt%, Cu＜0.01wt%, Mg＜0.01wt%, Zn＜0.03wt%.It is the TB6 titan alloy casting ingot that described need are prepared into the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting, and its actual constituent is Al:3.2～2.9wt%, V:10.4～11.7wt%, Fe:2.25～2.72wt%.
At first, determine the addition X and the Y of Al beans and Al-85V alloy according to formula M=(0.5～0.7) X+ (0.7～0.9) Y, M is the content of AL element in the TB6 titan alloy casting ingot.Afterwards, be that the corresponding additional additive that needs to add of the composition of TB6 titan alloy casting ingot is the addition of Fe silk and corresponding definite Fe silk according to being prepared into the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting, O＜0.1wt%, Cu＜0.1wt% in the Fe silk.At last, determined the addition of Al beans, Al-85V alloy and Fe silk after, the addition of last component titanium sponge of corresponding release.
In the present embodiment, described preparation titan alloy casting ingot is respectively with the weight percent of each component of raw material: Fe silk 2wt%, titanium sponge 75.42wt%, Al beans 8.82wt%, Al-85V alloy 11.76wt%.
Step 2, according to the titan alloy casting ingot of preparation described in the step 1 with the addition of each component of raw material, take by weighing the pure aluminum of respective quality, master alloy, titanium sponge and the additional additive of aluminium respectively.
In the present embodiment, take by weighing the 2wt%Fe silk respectively, 75.42wt% titanium sponge, 8.82wt%Al beans, 11.76wt%Al-85V alloy.
Put into oil press after step 3, the described preparation titan alloy casting ingot that will weigh up mix with each component of raw material and be pressed into electrode.
Step 4, employing electron-beam cold bed furnace are carried out melting and mold to the electrode that is pressed in succession, make the titan alloy casting ingot of moulding; The speed of melting of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is 80～150kg/h, and fusing power is 250～300kw, mold power 25～40kw; The crystallizer of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is a mold with the diameter of crucible is 220mm, and the moldings formed therefrom technology of the titan alloy casting ingot of described moulding is carried out in described crystallizer.
In the present embodiment, the speed of melting of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is 100kg/h, and fusing power is 250kw, and mold power is 30kw.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, as different from Example 1: the master alloy of described aluminium is Al-60Mo alloy and Al-10Si alloy.Fe＜0.3wt% in the Al-60Mo alloy, Si＜0.3wt%, C＜0.3wt%; Fe＜0.3wt%, O＜0.15wt%, C＜0.1wt%, N＜0.1wt% in the Al-10Si alloy.Described pure aluminum is aluminium shot (Al beans), wherein Fe＜0.2wt%, Si＜0.12wt%, Ga＜0.03wt%, Cu＜0.01wt%, Mg＜0.01wt%, Zn＜0.03wt%.It is the TC11 titan alloy casting ingot that described need are prepared into the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting, and its actual constituent is Al:6.2～6.9wt%, Mo:3.53～3.89wt%, Zr:1.34～1.63wt%, Si:0.3～0.32wt%.Described additional additive is a zirconium sponge, wherein Si＜0.01wt%, O＜0.1wt%, C＜0.05wt%, N＜0.2wt%, H＜0.0125wt%.Described preparation titan alloy casting ingot is respectively with the weight percent of each component of raw material: Al-60Mo alloy 5.83wt%, Al-10Si alloy 3wt%, titanium sponge 83.67wt%, Al beans 6wt%, zirconium sponge 1.5wt%.
At first, take by weighing the 5.83wt%Al-60Mo alloy respectively, 3wt%Al-10Si alloy, 83.67wt% titanium sponge, 6wt%Al beans, 1.5wt% zirconium sponge; Afterwards, be pressed into electrode with putting into oil press after described preparation titan alloy casting ingot each component mixing that weighs up with raw material.At last, will adopt electron-beam cold bed furnace in succession the electrode that is pressed into to be carried out melting and mold; The speed of melting of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is 120kg/h, and fusing power is 300kw, mold power 25kw.In the present embodiment, the even embodiment of all the other steps 1 is identical.
The above; it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not that the present invention is imposed any restrictions, everyly any simple modification that above embodiment did, change and equivalent structure changed, all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention according to the technology of the present invention essence.
Claims (3)
1. an electron-beam cold bed furnace adopts conventional raw materials to prepare the method for titan alloy casting ingot, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, definite preparation titan alloy casting ingot each the component kind and the corresponding addition thereof of raw material, described preparation titan alloy casting ingot is formed by the master alloy of pure aluminum, aluminium, additional additive with as the titanium sponge of matrix with raw material: at first, determine the addition of described titan alloy casting ingot according to formula M=(0.5～0.7) X+ (0.7～0.9) Y with the master alloy of pure aluminum in the raw material and aluminium, wherein X is the addition of pure aluminum, Y is the addition of the master alloy of aluminium, and M is for being prepared into the content of aluminium in the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting; Secondly, according to the actual constituent that is prepared into the Type Titanium Alloy ingot casting, corresponding additional additive kind and the addition of determining except that the master alloy external demand interpolation of pure aluminum and aluminium thereof; At last, according to the master alloy of the pure aluminum of being determined, aluminium and the addition of additional additive, the addition of corresponding release titanium sponge;
Step 2, according to the titan alloy casting ingot of preparation described in the step 1 with the addition of each component of raw material, take by weighing the pure aluminum of respective quality, master alloy, titanium sponge and the additional additive of aluminium respectively;
Put into oil press after step 3, the described preparation titan alloy casting ingot that will weigh up mix with each component of raw material and be pressed into electrode;
Step 4, employing electron-beam cold bed furnace are carried out melting and mold to the electrode that is pressed in succession, make the titan alloy casting ingot of moulding; The speed of melting of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is 80～150kg/h, and fusing power is 250～300kw, mold power 25～40kw; The crystallizer of described electron-beam cold bed furnace is a mold with the diameter of crucible is 220mm.
2. adopt conventional raw materials to prepare the method for titan alloy casting ingot according to the described a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the master alloy of the aluminium described in the step 1 is one or more in Al-Si, Al-Mo, Al-Nb, Al-Sn or the Al-V alloy.
3. adopt conventional raw materials to prepare the method for titan alloy casting ingot according to the described a kind of electron-beam cold bed furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the titan alloy casting ingot of preparation described in the step 1 is with in the raw material, aluminium element, titanium sponge and except that aluminium element and titanium sponge the mass percent of other element be 1～16%: 72～98%: 1～22%.
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| CN102049495A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-05-11 | 宝鸡钛业股份有限公司 | Production method of zirconium and zirconium alloy flat ingot |
| CN102618733A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Smelting recovery method for pure titanium waste blocks |
| CN102644006A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-08-22 | 湖南金天钛业科技有限公司 | Preparation method for titanium alloy TC18 through vacuum smelting |
| CN102776390A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-11-14 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Method for producing titanium slabs efficiently |
| CN103409637A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-27 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Full-automatic commercial pure titanium smelting method adopting electron beam cold hearth furnace |
| CN103866130A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Method for melting titanium scraps and pure titanium wastes of thin titanium plates by electron beam cold hearth melting furnace |
| CN104032142A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-10 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for vertically casting small titanium square blank for electronic beam cold bed furnace |
| CN104195354A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing industrially pure titanium from reclaimed materials by electron beam cooling bed furnace smelting |
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| CN105177304A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-23 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for producing TB6 plate slab by electron beam cold hearth melting |
| CN106702176A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-05-24 | 宁波创润新材料有限公司 | Melting method for bottom ingot used in electron beam cold hearth |
| CN111020208A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-17 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting zirconium slab ingot by electron beam cold bed |
| CN111485115A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-04 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for controlling Al element volatilization by adjusting vacuum degree of electron beam cold hearth furnace |
| CN112095018A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-18 | 大连理工大学 | Method for controlling components in process of refining high-temperature alloy by electron beam |
| CN112501457A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-16 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billet by electron beam cold bed |
| CN114000010A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-01 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | High-quality titanium alloy ingot and production method thereof |
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| CN102049495A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-05-11 | 宝鸡钛业股份有限公司 | Production method of zirconium and zirconium alloy flat ingot |
| CN102618733A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Smelting recovery method for pure titanium waste blocks |
| CN102618733B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-12-04 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Smelting recovery method for pure titanium waste blocks |
| CN102644006A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-08-22 | 湖南金天钛业科技有限公司 | Preparation method for titanium alloy TC18 through vacuum smelting |
| CN102776390A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-11-14 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Method for producing titanium slabs efficiently |
| CN102776390B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2013-11-06 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Method for producing titanium slabs efficiently |
| CN103409637A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-27 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Full-automatic commercial pure titanium smelting method adopting electron beam cold hearth furnace |
| CN103866130A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Method for melting titanium scraps and pure titanium wastes of thin titanium plates by electron beam cold hearth melting furnace |
| CN104032142B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-03-30 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | A kind of method for the little titanium square billet of electron-beam cold bed furnace vertical casting |
| CN104032142A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-10 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for vertically casting small titanium square blank for electronic beam cold bed furnace |
| CN104195354A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing industrially pure titanium from reclaimed materials by electron beam cooling bed furnace smelting |
| CN104212989A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-17 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting and producing TA10 hot continuous rolling square billet by adopting electron beam cooling bed furnace |
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| CN106702176A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-05-24 | 宁波创润新材料有限公司 | Melting method for bottom ingot used in electron beam cold hearth |
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| CN111020208A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-17 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting zirconium slab ingot by electron beam cold bed |
| CN111485115A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-04 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Method for controlling Al element volatilization by adjusting vacuum degree of electron beam cold hearth furnace |
| CN112095018A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-18 | 大连理工大学 | Method for controlling components in process of refining high-temperature alloy by electron beam |
| CN112501457A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-16 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billet by electron beam cold bed |
| CN114000010A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-01 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | High-quality titanium alloy ingot and production method thereof |
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