CN101583794B - 风力发电站上的差动齿轮以及改变或切换所述差动齿轮功率范围的方法 - Google Patents

风力发电站上的差动齿轮以及改变或切换所述差动齿轮功率范围的方法 Download PDF

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CN101583794B
CN101583794B CN2007800431227A CN200780043122A CN101583794B CN 101583794 B CN101583794 B CN 101583794B CN 2007800431227 A CN2007800431227 A CN 2007800431227A CN 200780043122 A CN200780043122 A CN 200780043122A CN 101583794 B CN101583794 B CN 101583794B
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gear
output terminal
drive mechanism
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generator
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格拉尔德·黑亨贝尔格
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WINDTEC CONSULTING GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/06—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type
    • F16H47/08—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/1016—Purpose of the control system in variable speed operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19555—Varying speed ratio
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/1956—Adjustable

Abstract

一种用于风力发电站的差动齿轮，包括具有三个输入或输出端的齿轮箱(7)，其中，一个输入端连接到风力发电站的转子(3)，第一输出端连接到发电机(11)，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置(12)的输入轴，所述连续可控传动装置的输出轴连接到齿轮箱(7)的发电机侧的输出端。连续可控传动装置(12)的输入轴通过可变齿轮箱(15)连接到所述齿轮箱(7)的输出轴。

Description

风力发电站上的差动齿轮以及改变或切换所述差动齿轮功率范围的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于风能系统的补偿齿轮，其包括具有三个输入或输出端的齿轮组，其中，输入端连接到风能系统的转子，第一输出端连接到发电机，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置的输入轴，该传动装置的输出轴连接到齿轮组的发电机侧的输出端。
本发明还涉及一种当风的强度变化时改变或者切换风能系统的补偿齿轮的功率范围的方法，该补偿齿轮包括具有三个输入或输出端的齿轮组，其中，输入端连接到风能系统的转子，第一输出端连接到发电机，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置的输入轴。
背景技术
现有技术中的风能系统出于调节的目的通常工作在可变的转子转速下，并且具有对变速器的有效转矩的控制的功能。这是因为转子的可变转速通过转子的惯性力矩抑制了变速器转速的改变，所以转子叶片调节系统能够被最优化地配置。另外，变速器的转矩控制可以减少系统上的负载，并且优化供给电网的能量的品质。可变转子速度的另一个优点是在部分负载范围内提高空气动力效率。
通常，发电机的可变转速，以及相关联的叠加加速转矩尤其对所述齿轮组产生有害的影响，所以齿轮组必须被造得更加牢固。另一个缺点是现有技术中广为使用的不同转速的输入端通常需要频率转换器来运行，这只能在使用更昂贵的技术的条件下才能产生所需品质的电能。
WO2004/088132A披露了一种通过采用补偿齿轮和水力转矩转换器以避免上述缺点的装置。但是，这种方案的不足是用于相对较高的功率水平时要花费高昂的齿轮成本和水利系统成本。尤其是，和该装置相关联的高水平液压损失在大的转速范围内尤为可观，这导致在系统的部分负载范围内的高损失以及高启动成本。
通过WO2004/109157A披露的齿轮可以极大地避免上述缺点。其采用了一种液压系统，通过多路径补偿齿轮装置能够在部分负载范围内将通过该液压系统引导的电力保持在较低水平。但是，该方案的主要缺点还在于结构复杂的多路径补偿齿轮和复杂的耦合系统，以及只能非常费力地进行调节的在不同转速下运行的泵。
发明内容
本发明的目的是减少已知的补偿齿轮的前述缺点，以及提供一种简单有效、性价比高的解决方案。
所述目地利用一种齿轮来实现，其中连续可控传动装置的输入轴通过可调传动比齿轮连接到齿轮组的发电机侧的输出轴。
所述目的还可以通过一种用于切换风能系统的补偿齿轮的功率范围的方法来实现，所述补偿齿轮包括具有三个输入或输出端的齿轮组，其中，输入端连接到风能系统的转子，第一输出端连接到发电机，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置的输入轴，该装置的输出轴连接到齿轮组的发电机侧的输出端。当风力强度变化时，所述齿轮组的输入端被调节至小至零的输入转矩，并使发电机与电网分离，将连续可控传动装置的输入轴连接到所述齿轮组的输出轴的可切换传动装置被切换，随后齿轮组的第一输出端的转速被调整直到在发电机上重新建立同步转速，从而将发电机重新连上电网。
最后，所述目的通过一种用于改变风能系统的补偿齿轮的功率范围的方法来实现，所述补偿齿轮包括具有三个输入或输出动端的齿轮组，其中，输入端连接到风能系统的转子，第一输出端连接到发电机，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置的输入轴，该装置的输出轴连接到齿轮组的发电机侧的输出端。在风力强度变化时，将连续可控传动装置的输入轴连接到所述齿轮组的输出轴的无级传动装置的传动比被调节。
可调传动比齿轮可以是有级传动装置或者无级传动装置，其使得转速的范围能够作为所需转矩的函数通过改变所述可调传动比齿轮的传动比得以改变，从而使得连续可控传动装置的功率范围以及因此系统成本和所述齿轮的功率损失被保持在最低。
从属权利要求涉及本发明的优选实施例。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例。
具体实施方式
简化了的示意图示出了变速器1，其包括根据本发明的补偿齿轮。变速器包括可选择地通过中间齿轮连接到转子3的输入轴2，输入轴在所示的情况下驱动两个接连布置的形成行星级4和5的齿轮级。所述齿轮级不是必须要形成行星级的，它们可以形成其他的齿轮类型或者全部都分散开。
第二齿轮级5的输出轴驱动正齿轮传动装置级6，这样使得变速器能被轴向换挡。换挡首先使得延伸到轮毂并且通过叶片调整机构控制系统功率的线缆通过该齿轮被引导，其次使得从旋转部件传递信号给固定部件所需要的装置(滑动环件)被收纳在风能系统的吊舱中，从而使得变速器在其整个长度上尽可能地短小紧凑。
正齿轮传动装置级的输出轴6a驱动叠加齿轮组7的行星架8。转矩在叠加齿轮组7内被分配给发电机11和液压单元12。为此，发电机11被连接到叠加齿轮组7的环形齿轮9。叠加齿轮组7的太阳齿轮10被连接到两级可调传动比齿轮15。可调传动比齿轮15的齿轮级被选择作为转子转速和风力输入的函数。位于两级齿轮15的输出轮上的是第一可调轴向活塞泵13，其液压连接到第二可调轴向活塞泵14。第二轴向活塞泵14的轴通过正齿轮传动装置级16被耦合到发电机的轴11。
在风能系统的较低的功率和转速范围内，通过调节轴向活塞泵13、14在发电机11上建立所需要的同步转速。叠加齿轮组7中的功率从正齿轮传动装置级6到行星齿轮传动装置8，然后再到环形齿轮9和发电机11。产生液压回路所需要的压力的第二轴向活塞泵14，通过发电机轴上的正齿轮传动装置级16驱动。液压回路中的能量通过第一轴向活塞泵13再次被转换为旋转动能并驱动移相器级7的太阳齿轮10。这样，传动比被连续地改变并且针对特定的功率水平进行调整，发电机11的输入轴的转速保持恒定。
当风力供给增加时，系统的功率以及因此液压单元12上的转速也增加。在液压单元12的速度达到阈值之前，系统通过电气叶片调整系统被调节至小至零的输入转矩。在这个切换过程中，同步发电机11与电网分离。齿轮15在这个低功率阶段被切换到低传动比。转子的转速通过叶片调整系统被再次提高，直到达到在发电机11上的同步转速。在同步过程完成之后，发电机已被重新连接上电网，系统再次转入正常运行模式，然而是在高功率下运行。利用液压单元12可以在相同的功率损失下调节出高得多的系统功率水平。
在额定运行中和高于额定功率的允许范围内，功率通量通过移相器级7循环。过量的功率通过移相器级7的太阳齿轮10经过齿轮15被传递到液压单元12。因为所述液压单元通过正齿轮传动装置16连接，其对发电机轴施加制动转矩，所以控制发电机转速使之恒定在同步转速上。施加该转矩，直到叶片调整装置使风力作用下的转子叶片旋转到再次达到额定功率。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于改变风能系统的补偿齿轮(1)的功率范围的方法，所述补偿齿轮(1)包括具有三个输入或输出端的齿轮组(7)，其中，输入端连接到风能系统的转子(3)，第一输出端连接到发电机(11)，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置(12)的输入轴，所述连续可控传动装置的输出轴连接到齿轮组(7)的发电机侧的输出端，所述方法包括下列步骤：
根据变化的风力强度，将齿轮组(7)的输入端调节至小至零的输入转矩；
使发电机(11)与电网脱离；
切换可切换传动装置(15)，所述可切换传动装置将连续可控传动装置(12)的输入轴连接到所述齿轮组(7)的输出轴；
调节齿轮组(7)的第一输出端的转速，直到在发电机(11)上重新建立同步转速；以及
将发电机(11)与电网连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连续可控传动装置(12)是液压传动装置，在液压传动装置达到阈值速度之前，通过风能系统的电气叶片调节系统将风能系统调节至小至零的输入转矩。
3.一种用于改变风能系统的补偿齿轮(1)的功率范围的方法，所述补偿齿轮(1)包括具有三个输入或输出端的齿轮组(7)，其中，输入端连接到风能系统的转子(3)，第一输出端连接到发电机(11)，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置(12)的输入轴，所述连续可控传动装置(12)的输出轴连接到齿轮组(7)的发电机侧的所述输出端，所述方法包括下列步骤：
根据变化的风力强度，调节无级传动装置的传动比，所述无级传动装置将连续可控传动装置(12)的输入轴连接到所述齿轮组(7)的输出轴。
4.一种用于风能系统的补偿齿轮(1)，包括具有三个输入或输出端的齿轮组(7)，其中，输入端连接到风能系统的转子(3)，第一输出端连接到发电机(11)，第二输出端连接到连续可控传动装置(12)的输入轴，所述连续可控传动装置(12)的输出轴连接到齿轮组(7)的发电机侧的所述输出端，其特征在于，连续可控传动装置(12)的所述输入轴通过可调传动比齿轮(15)被连接到所述齿轮组(7)的输出轴。
5.如权利要求4所述的补偿齿轮(1)，其特征在于，可调传动比齿轮(15)是两级传动装置。
6.如权利要求5所述的补偿齿轮(1)，其特征在于，可调传动比齿轮(15)是正齿轮传动装置。
7.如权利要求4所述的补偿齿轮(1)，其特征在于，可调传动比齿轮(15)是无级传动装置。
8.如权利要求4至7中任一项所述的补偿齿轮(1)，其特征在于，所述齿轮组(7)是行星齿轮传动装置，其中行星齿轮传动装置的所述输入端被连接到行星架(8)，所述第一输出端被连接到太阳齿轮(10)，所述第二输出端被连接到发电机(11)。
9.如权利要求4至7中任一项所述的补偿齿轮(1)，其特征在于，所述连续可控传动装置(12)是液压传动装置。
CN2007800431227A 2006-11-21 2007-11-05 风力发电站上的差动齿轮以及改变或切换所述差动齿轮功率范围的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101583794B (zh)

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