CN101583603B - 芳族1.4-二羧基酰胺及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的式I化合物,其中X、Y、Z彼此独立的表示C或N,表示1、2、3,m是0或1,p表示0或1-6的整数,R1、R2彼此独立的表示氢、卤素原子、羟基、C1-C3烷基和C1-C3烷氧基,如果p不为0,R3彼此独立的表示氢、卤素、C1-C5直链或支链烷基、羧基、碳甲氧基、碳乙氧基、苯甲基、酰基、羟基、C1-C4直链或支链烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基、吗啉代、1,3-二氧代基(dioxolyl)、N-乙酰基(acetylamidyl)或氨基amidoyl、饱和的5-8元环、杂环、任选的由C1-C3烷基取代、羟基或苯甲基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、单基或二基取代的C1-C5烷基、支链或环胺。R6是H或部分脂环或杂脂环的体系,如果m为0,那么C表示CF3或支链或非支链C1-C4烷基,如果m=1,那么C表示-CH2-O-、-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2(CH2)CH2-或表示N-C或C-C原子间的化学键,CONR6基团可通过其碳或通过其氮原子与C连接,CYC表示由R3取代或者未被取代的苯基、吡啶基pyridinyl、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、异噁唑啉基isoxazolinyl、苯硫基、1,3,4-thiadiazazolidinyl、呋喃基、四氢化喹啉基hydroquinolinyl、四氢化异喹啉基、吗啉基、呋喃基、环己烯基和苯并吡喃-2-on-某基和其作为癌症治疗药物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及抑制β-连接素和BCL9和/或BCL9L蛋白质间相互作用的芳族1,4-二羧基酰胺,和它们用于制备药物组合物和治疗某些疾病的用途。
通常,本发明涉及Wnt转导通路的抑制剂。这种抑制剂能被使用干细胞研究或特征在于异常Wnt激活的疾病治疗,例如癌症、骨和软骨疾病。已经广泛报道,结肠直肠癌、肝细胞癌、乳癌、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、淋巴瘤和白血病的Wnt通路的病理激活。此外,由于Wnt通路在T-细胞发育中也具有基本功能(Staal,Meeldijk等人2001;Staal and Clevers 2003),在此公开的Wnt信号转导通路抑制剂也能被用作免疫抑制的药物,例如在器官移植后或处理某些自身免疫疾病,例如红斑狼疮、多发性硬化和变形性关节炎。
通过激活相应细胞中具体目标基因的表达,Wnt/Wg蛋白质对于脊椎动物发育发挥许多它们的作用。已经识别几种这些目标基因,它们的一些功能相应于控制细胞生长、分化和继续存活(He,Sparks等人1998;Crawford,Fingleton等人1999;Tetsuand Mc Cormick 1999;Kolligs,Nieman等人2002;Shtutman,Zhurinsky等人2002)。
已经具有通过磷酸化标记β-连接素降解的复杂方法。重要的是,肿瘤抑制基因APC和Axin是这种β-连接素破坏复合物的主要组分。通过Wnt通路的激活,β-连接素避免磷酸化反应,在细胞-血浆中聚集,进入细胞核,与TCF蛋白质和最近识别的Lgs/BCL9[Kramps,T.等人,2002]蛋白质结合,以作为目标基因的转导共激活物。
这种连续抑制关键转换(transducer)的机构,对于其抑制组分的变异非常敏感。实际上,已经发现Wnt信号的下游组分中的变异与各种人体癌症有关(Kinzler和Vogelstein 1996;Miller,Hocking等人,1999)。例如,种系APC变异能引起许多良性结肠直肠瘤,其中一些发展成癌症。APC基因的体细胞变异与85%突发结肠直肠腺瘤和癌有关(Kinzler和Vogelstein 1996),已经在许多人体癌症,例如结肠直肠癌、肝细胞癌和黑素瘤中发现β连接素磷酸化位置的变异(Morin,Sparks等人,1997;Rubinfeld,Robbins等人,1997)(Caca,Kolligs等人,1999),已经在肝细胞癌中发现Axin的变异(Satoh,Daigo等人,2000)。此外,上游组分像LRP5、sfrps、WIF-1、DKK或Wnt配位基的几种变异和/或表达变化,不仅与癌症有关,而且与骨和软骨疾病有关。由于所有这些变异导致细胞核β-连接素的积聚,这种蛋白质和其相互反应的对象(partners)成为抑制Wnt相关基因表达的有吸引力的目标。
实际上,已经在各种专利申请中公开以β-连接素-Tcf4相互作用为目标的Wnt通路抑制剂和发现这种抑制剂的方法。国际专利申请WO 98/42296公开了纯化的蛋白质和筛选抑制剂的常规方法。国际专利申请WO 02/44378描述了筛选Tcf-β-连接素抑制剂的常规方法。国际专利申请WO 03/006447涉及tcf4-β-连接素抑制剂。国际专利申请WO 02/096430公开了作为小分子β-连接素抑制剂的头孢菌素衍生物。国际专利申请WO 01/19353A2公开使用3D模式Tcf4-β-连接素相互作用在连接素中“可命中目标的”口袋(pocket)。也描述了在基于所述相互作用的硅筛选过程,以识别抑制剂及通过这种方法识别的许多抑制剂。
上述的方法的主要缺点是β-连接素-Tcf4的相互作用。特别是,这种蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的表面非常大,至少部分与其它β-连接素反应对象,像ECadherin和APC合用(Graham,Weaver等人,2000;EklofSpink,Fridman等人,2001;Huber和Weis2001;Poy,Lepourcelet等人,2001),这导致关于其特异性的严重问题。因此,需要Wnt通路替换目标。
在遗传筛选中识别Legless(Lgs)/BCL9族蛋白质作为果蝇APC肿瘤抑制Wnt通路下游新的正调节基因。在人体中,具有两种同源染色体,BCL9和BCL9类似物(BCL9L,也称为B9L或BCL9-2),像果蝇蛋白质,作为转导活性组分Pygo和β-连接素间的主要衔接分子。BCL9蛋白质和β-连接素的连接,对于癌细胞中的Wnt信号传导非常重要。
能够通过小的RNAs(siRNA)干涉破坏这种蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用或减少BCL9L表达的竞争性(Competitor)缩氨酸强烈抑制Wnt通路,导致癌细胞从不能分化的恶性类型分化为适度、到高度分化的组织(US 2002/0086986)。然而,尽管它们对Wnt通路进行具体并有效的活性抑制,这些缩氨酸或siRNA分子由于差的膜渗透性和弱的体系有效性,并不是肿瘤治疗的理想药物。
本发明的一个目标提供新的β-连接素/BCL9-BCL9L相互作用的抑制剂,特别是具有改善药物特性,例如低分子量和好的细胞渗透性的化合物。
发现具有通式I的化合物满足这些要求,有效抑制β-连接素/BCL-BCL9L的相互作用:
其中:
X、Y、Z彼此独立的表示C或N
n表示1、2、3,m是0或1,p表示0或1-6的整数,
R1、R2彼此独立的表示氢、卤素原子、羟基、C1-C3烷基和C1-C3烷氧基,
R3表示,如果p不为0,R3彼此独立的表示氢、卤素、C1-C5直链或支链烷基、羧基、羰甲氧基、羰乙氧基、苯甲基、酰基、羟基、C1-C4直链或支链烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基、吗啉代、1,3-二恶茂基dioxolyl、N-乙酰基acetylamidyl或氨基amidoyl、饱和的5-8元环、杂环、任选的由C1-C3烷基取代、羟基或苯甲基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、单-或二-取代的C1-C5烷基、支链或环状胺。
R6是H或脂环或杂环部分的体系,
条件是::
如果m为0,那么C表示CF3或支链或非支链C1-C4烷基,
如果m=1,那么C表示-CH2-O-、-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-或表示N-C或C-C原子间的化学键,
CONR6基团可通过其碳或通过其氮原子与C连接,
CYC表示由R3取代或者未被取代的苯基、吡啶基、pyridinyl、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、异噁唑啉基(isoxazolinyl)、苯硫基、1,3,4-thiadiazazolidinyl、呋喃基、四氢喹啉基hydroquinolinyl、四氢异喹啉基、吗啉基、环己烯基和苯并吡喃-2-酮基。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,n是1。因此基本环1,4取代的结构是苯基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基环。
在本发明的另一优选的实施方案中,n是2,相应1,8二基取代的环的基本结构主体是联苯、二吡啶基、二哒嗪基、二吡嗪基或二嘧啶基。
在另一优选的实施方案中,n是3,相应最优选的由三环基本结构构成的1,12二基取代的结构主体是对三联苯、2,5-二苯基吡啶基、3,4-二苯基哒嗪基、和2,5-二苯基吡嗪基。
在具体的优选实施方案中,X、Y和Z是C,因此苯基、联苯和三苯基结构的主体形成基本环结构。
在其它优选的实施方案中,X和Y是C,Z是N。这些优选的结构主体,例如吡啶基、二吡啶基和四吡啶基。
在另一优选的实施方案中,X是C和Y,Z是N。相应优选结构的主体是哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基和二哒嗪基、二吡嗪基、或二嘧啶基。
在另一优选的实施方案中,含有不同N原子数的不同结构主体的混合物是优选的,像2,5-二苯基吡啶基、3,4-二苯基哒嗪基、和2,5-二苯基吡嗪基。
在另一优选的实施方案中,m是0,C是CF3基或支链或非支链C1-C4烷基,具体的为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、特丁基和异丙基。在特别优选的实施方案中,C是特丁基或异丙基。
在本发明另一优选的实施方案中,m是1。在这种情况下,C选自-CH2-O-、-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-或表示N-C或C-C原子间的化学键。在最优选的实施方案中,C表示N-C或C-C原子间的化学键。
在另一特别优选的实施方案中,式I中的CONR6基团通过其碳原子与C连接。在同样地优选的可替换的实施方案中,CONR6基团通过氮原子与C连接。因此,提供C相对于位阻因素、酸度、进一步取代等精确调节的优选实施方案。
在本发明的上下文中,“卤素”意味着Cl、Br、I和F。特别优选的是Cl、Br和F,更优选Cl和Br。
根据本发明特别优选的化合物具有下式:
根据本发明另一特别优选的化合物根具有下式:
根据本发明另一特别优选的化合物具有下式:
另一优选的化合物具有下式:
如在优选实施例中所示的,一个最主要特征是在“中心”芳族中心上“直链”1,4、1,8或1,12取代方式。由于表位,这是特别有利的,与缩氨酸相互作用的结合口袋是直线、类似通道(“直链”)结构,使得根据本发明化合物在空间上特别适合口袋(pocket),能够与表位的关键残基特异性连接。
本发明的另一目标是,根据本发明的化合物作为药剂和用于制造治疗特征在于通过Wnt通路过度激活的疾病(例如但不局限于结肠癌、胸部和前列腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、黑素瘤和骨和关节疾病,像骨或风湿病关节炎)的药物组合物的用途。
本发明涉及还包括根据本发明化合物的药物组合物或其药物可接受药用的盐,在另一实施方案中,还包括药物可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂中至少一种。
图:
图1显示根据本发明的化合物(TGC0012296)当测试对,如实施例1所述(ELISA分析)的BCL9/BCL9L-β-连接素、Tcf-4-β-连接素和E-钙粘素-β-连接素相互作用抑制时的结果。X轴显示浓度,作为对数函数(log)nM和Y轴表示测量吸收率。
以下实施例和特别给出的化合物进一步说明本发明人所预期的实施发明的最佳方式。实施例涉及优选的实施方案,不认为限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1:体外基于ELISA的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析
在细菌中产生蛋白
在pGEX-4T诱导的细菌表达载体(Pharmacia)中,包括Lgs和β-连接素结合域的cDNAs融合谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)cDNA下游。在pET-32a(+)载体(Novagen)中,产生表达在它们N端含有硫氧还蛋白Thioredoxine-6His标记的融合蛋白的类似重组体DNA构造。按照厂商介绍在BL21细菌中(例如Stratagene)产生融合蛋白。
为了分离产生的融合蛋白质,在氧化铝(Sigma,A2039)中研磨细菌,获得的粉末在旋转条件下,在溶菌缓冲液中(140mM NaCl,10mM Na2HPO4,1.8mMKH2PO4,2.7mM KCl,1mM EDTA,11%Triton-X-100,1mM DTT和蛋白酶抑制剂)浸出30分钟。通过离心分离上清液透明,然后,在蛋白质纯化前用0.45μm薄膜进行过滤。对于GST标记的蛋白质,按照厂商介绍(Amersham Pharmacia),在谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠上处理溶菌液,在50mM Tris-Cl、10mM还原的谷胱甘肽pH8.0中洗提纯化的蛋白质。对于硫氧还蛋白-6His融合,使用HPLC系统(例如Akta Prime,G.E.Healthcare)通过镍螯合交换柱(例如Hitrap chelating,G..E.Healthcare)从溶菌液中提纯标记的蛋白质,在增加咪唑浓度下进行洗提。在使用前,纯化的蛋白质溶液用PBS进行透析。通过本领域技术人员公知的标准方法,用SDS-凝胶电泳检查制备的质量。
化合物制备:能在DMSO中制备25mM化合物原料stock和在DMSO稀释,以达到最终至多100μM的检测浓度。分析中最终二甲亚砜浓度是5%。
ELISA分析
在具有高蛋白质结合力的96孔板(例如Nunc Maxisorp)的每个孔中,添加100μl已经在磷酸盐缓冲液盐水中稀释到适合浓度的GST融合蛋白(例如GST-β-连接素),在4℃放置整夜。随后的一天,除去孔中液体,在每个孔中添加150μl 3%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)PBS,在室温下,培养2小时,并进行适当摇动。然后,除去这种溶液,每个孔用200μl PBS清洗两次。在仔细除去第二次清洗液后,在每个孔中添加5μl化合物稀释液和95μl,在PBS中稀释到适合浓度的6His融合蛋白(例如6His-Bcl9)的混合物。然后,板在室温下,培养1小时并适当摇动。然后,除去这种蛋白溶液,孔用200μl,0.1%,Tween-20的PBS溶液,清洗3次。在仔细除去最后清洗液后,在孔中添加100μl,在1%BSA的PBS中,适当稀释的连接到马-萝卜过氧化物酶的抗6His抗体(例如Roche抗体11965085001),板在室温下培养1小时,并适当摇动。然后,除去这种溶液,孔用200μl,0.1%,Tween-20的PBS溶液清洗3次。在仔细除去最后清洗液后,在孔中添加100μl HRP培养基四甲基苯甲脒(TMB)溶液(例如SigmaT0440),板在室温下,在黑暗中培养至多30分钟。通过在每个孔中添加100μl 2NHCl,中止反应,在450nm和630nm测量光密度。
实施例2:癌细胞中Wnt活性抑制
能使用对Tcf/Lef族转录因子敏感的报告基因在细胞培养体系中,或通过在适合细胞系中Wnt目标基因的定性分析,对在基于ELISA的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析中确定的β-连接素/BCL9抑制剂,对Wnt通路的作用进行评价。
报告基因包括容易检测或分析的基因,例如β-半乳糖苷酶、绿色荧光蛋白质、氯霉素乙酰基转移酶或荧光素酶,与转录因子响应元件和最少启动子顺式连接。取决于使用的表达载体,能应用这种方法,例如对于哺乳动物以及果蝇细胞系。例如,具有固有(constitutively)活性Wnt通路的结肠癌细胞,像SW620(ATCC)是非常适合的体系。因此,Tcf-4调控的荧光素酶指示质粒(即TOPFLASH,Upstate biotechnology,NewYork,USA)染瞬或稳定转染到本领域中已知的细胞上。能使用任何方式在细胞中引入遗传物质,包括但不局限于感染、电穿孔或转染。例如,为了在SW620细胞中引入DNA,能使用脂质体lipofection剂,例如脂质体转染试剂(Life Technologies,Inc.)。通过染瞬转染方式,第二报告基因,例如荧光素酶指示质粒pRL-SV40(Promega Corporation,Madison USA),需要共同转染以使转染效率标准化。在转染24小时后(染瞬转染)或在细胞放入晶种24小时后(稳定转染细胞)在介质中添加药物。制备细胞提取物24-48后,如厂商描述分析报告基因活性(例如对于荧光素酶活性:Promega Corporation)。与溶剂单独处理细胞相比降低报告基因活性多于50%的化合物作为采样。同时,能例如通过黄色四唑嗡盐细胞增殖分析(MTT)分析评价毒性。
表1显示根据本发明具体化合物的体外活性。TGC ID指的是申请人国内识别码;特异性值描绘化合物抑制β-连接素-BCL9-BCL9L的特异性(具体的指的是,它们不显著抑制E-钙粘素-β连接素、Tcf-4-β连接素或BCL9-Pygo相互作用);MW平均分子量。
表1.通过如实施例1所述的基于ELISA蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析测定的化合物活性(IC50inμM)
如表显而易见的是,相对于β-连接素-BCL9-BCL9L相互作用的反应性和特异性,根据式II-XI的化合物显示出特别有利的结果。
能如下使用通常合成方式,制备根据本发明的组分。
在二氯甲烷(5mL/mmol酸)中悬浮二羧酸(1当量),冷却到0℃。然后冲洗草酰氯(2.2当量),之后通过添加4滴DMF以开始反应。反应混合物在0℃-室温反应整夜,同时强烈搅拌。
然后除去过量草酰氯,剩余反应混合物冷却到0℃。然后冲洗三乙胺(3当量)的二氯甲烷溶液(5mL/mmol三乙胺),之后通过缓慢添加相应苯胺(3当量)的二氯甲烷溶液(5mL/mmol苯胺)。获得的反应混合物搅拌整夜,同时允许温度从0℃升温至室温。然后过滤反应混合物,用水清洗。通过溶剂蒸发,从甲醇中结晶粗产物或者柱色谱分离获得白色粉末。
合成根据本发明组分,特别是不对称化合物的另一通常合适的制备方法,例如合成TGC0012409(也称为CR-5516/III)。
CR-5514/II(1.5gm,8.280mmol)用无水亚硫酰氯(15.0mL)回流4小时直到获得透明溶液。通过蒸馏除去过量亚硫酰氯。残余物冷却到0℃,添加吡啶(10.0mL),之后添加4-乙酰胺基苯胺(1.36gm,9.100mmol),并不时摇动直到HCl释放停止。获得的固体注入冰水中(200mL),用DCM(3×150mL)浸出,用5%NaHCO3水溶液、水、盐水清洗,用Na2SO4进行干燥。在减压除去溶剂获得原料,使用DCM中2%甲醇等级的DCM,通过柱状色谱分离进行纯化以获得CR-5516/I(0.600gm)。
在0℃,在搅拌的CR-5516/I(0.230gm,0.7341mmol)的THF溶液(10.0mL)中,逐滴添加氢氧化锂-水化物(0.092gm,2.3mL水中2.202mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌整夜。(通过TLC观察一些原材料)。在减压下,通过蒸馏除去THF,乙酸乙酯和水间进行分离。水层用乙酸乙酯清洗(3×100mL)。通过增加1N HCl溶液调节水层pH到5-6,然后,用DCM(5×75mL)浸出。结合的DCM层用水、盐水清洗,用Na2SO4干燥,在减压下除去溶剂,获得原料。使用甲醇中5%二氯甲烷等级的DCM,通过交柱色谱分离,进行纯化获得CR-5516/II(80mg)。
在搅拌的CR-5516/II(0.070gm,0.2338mmol)的DMF溶液(7.0mL)中添加碳酸钾(0.068gm,4.909mmol),在室温搅拌15分钟。在上述反应混合物中,添加4-甲氧基苯胺(0.032gm,2.572mmol),之后添加HATU(2-(7-氮杂-1H-苯并三唑-1-某基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐,0.133gm,0.3507mmol)。获得的反应混合物在室温搅拌整夜。在减压下除去溶剂,使用DCM中20%甲醇等级的DCM,通过柱状色谱分离纯化原料,获得纯的白色固体CR-5516/III(TGC0012409)(10mg)。
应理解的是,这种合成方法不局限于上述具体的化合物,可通过简单的变化各种原料获得根据本发明的其它化合物。
在下表2中,给出根据本发明典型化合物的选择性质谱(MS)和1H-NMR数据(相对于氘化二甲亚砜以ppm给出,s:单峰,d:双峰,t:三峰,q:四峰,dd:双二重峰,dt:双三峰,m:多峰,b:谱带):
表2:根据本发明化合物的选择性质谱和1H-NMR
根据本发明的化合物,可单独使用或以其可药用盐形式使用。包括本发明化合物的药物组合物或其药物活性盐,还可包括药物活性载体、稀释剂或赋形剂中至少一种。应理解的是,在具体实施方案中,组合物中还可含有活性化合物。
根据本发明的化合物,可配制成例如以片剂、凝胶、胶囊剂、块、软膏、乳膏形式的用以表面、口腔、穿过表皮、肠胃外、舌下、鼻内、胸内、直肠、吸入或静脉的药剂。能通过仓库、注射器、安瓿或小瓶进行肠胃外传送。
因此,本发明的化合物连同常规助剂、载体或稀释剂,可制成药物组合物形式和其单位剂量形式,以这种形式,能以固体、液体或无菌注射溶液形式使用。如果使用固体载体,可制备片剂,以粉末或球粒形式或以片剂或锭剂形式则放入硬的胶囊。固体载体可含有常规赋形剂,例如粘合剂、药片润滑剂、填料、崩解剂、润湿剂等。片剂可通过传统技术涂覆薄膜。如果使用液体载体,可以制备浆液、乳剂、软胶囊、注射无菌溶剂、含水的或不含水的悬浮液,或可为干燥产物,在使用前用水或其它适合溶剂重构。液体药剂可含有常规添加剂,例如悬浮剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、无水溶剂(包括食品油剂),防腐剂及调味剂和/或着色剂。对于肠胃外投药,溶剂通常包括无菌水,至少大部分,尽管可使用盐溶液、葡萄糖溶液等。也可使用注射悬浮液,而在这样情况下可使用常规悬浮剂。在肠胃外剂型中也可添加常规防腐剂、缓冲剂等。然而,也能例如以栓剂形式进行直肠给药,或者阴道,例如以阴道栓剂、棉塞、乳膏形式,或例如以软膏、奶乳膏或酊剂形式经皮肤给药。
对于哺乳动物、特别是承受或可能承受在此描述任何条件的人体,本发明的化合物或药物组合物的适合剂量是活性成分量约0.1μg/kg-500mg/kg体重。对于肠胃外投药,剂量可为0.1μg/kg-100mg/kg体重。对于静脉内的给药,优选每日相同剂量活性成分给药1-4次。式(I)的化合物也能以体内释放活性化合物的前体(前体药物)或适当改进的形式使用。通常,逐渐增加给药剂量,直到治疗主体的最佳有效剂量。由内科医师或该领域内其它技术人员决定最佳给药剂量,取决于相关的环境,包括治疗条件、要给药化合物的选择、给药途径、性别、寿命、体重和相对于个体症状严重程度的治疗个体的具体响应。
通过适于制备含有适合活性成分量,即本发明化合物的药物的常规方法制备药物组合物。这种药物组合物和其剂型能以常规比例,包括常规组分,有或者没有附加活性化合物或成分,这种单位剂型可含有与要使用的每日剂量范围适当比例的任何适合的有效量活性成分。
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US20100204219A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
JP2010512357A (ja) | 2010-04-22 |
CN101583603A (zh) | 2009-11-18 |
DE602006021591D1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
EP2125751A1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
KR20090087492A (ko) | 2009-08-17 |
ATE507205T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
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