CN101580979B - Fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, method for preparing same and application thereof - Google Patents

Fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, method for preparing same and application thereof Download PDF

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CN101580979B
CN101580979B CN2008101117750A CN200810111775A CN101580979B CN 101580979 B CN101580979 B CN 101580979B CN 2008101117750 A CN2008101117750 A CN 2008101117750A CN 200810111775 A CN200810111775 A CN 200810111775A CN 101580979 B CN101580979 B CN 101580979B
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flame
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CN101580979A (en
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刘伯林
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China Textile Academy
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China Textile Academy
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Abstract

The invention provides a fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, a method for preparing the same and application thereof. The fire-retardant anti-molten droplet polyester fiber is prepared by adopting a sheath-core composite spinning method, wherein the sheath of the fiber is made of the polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber, and the core of the fiber is made of the fire-retardant polyester; when the composite fiber is fired, no molten droplet phenomenon is generated; moreover, the fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber has quite good fire-retardant property and strong industrial practicability.

Description

A kind of fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, its preparation method and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, its preparation method and application thereof, especially a kind of fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber with skin-core structure.
Background technology
Terylene (PET) is a kind of synthetic fiber with fastest developing speed in the various synthetic fiber, that output is the highest, application surface is the widest, and its fiber textile is used for dress material, curtain, curtain, bedding, interior decoration and various special material in a large number.But because the limited oxygen index (LOI) of terylene is about 21, along with the extensive use of fabric, the potential danger of its fire also becomes increasingly conspicuous.The maximum shortcoming of polypropylene fibre (PP) is inflammable, the not only decomposition combustion of being heated, and fusion drippage, and the temperature of molten drop is very high, makes the people be subject to scald during as clothes, has also limited its application in fields such as buntings simultaneously.Build, commercial mansion, airport, auditorium, indoor public place of entertainment, traffic and transport field.But terylene belongs to the inflammability fiber, and its limited oxygen index has only about 22%, can not satisfy the requirement of some fields to fire resistance, and it is carried out the fire-retardant very necessity that just seems.The particularly important is, can produce serious molten drop phenomenon during the terylene burning,, help the fire-retardant of terylene though this molten drop can be taken away a part of heat from polymeric substrate; But molten drop can bring more serious disaster.At first, some molten drops (even fireless molten drop) that have flame are very easy to the material on every side that ignites as second burning things which may cause a fire disaster, thereby have quickened the expansion of flame propagation and fire scale; Secondly, making skin be exposed under flame and the radiation of heat after the fusion comes to harm; If the material of fusion is bonded on the skin, may make skin scald; The latent heat of emitting when the polymer of fusion solidifies again can make that also skin comes to harm, and removes and be bonded at the polymer that has solidified on the skin and can increase the degree of burning, and this shows, being suppressed in terylene fire-retardant of molten drop occupies considerable status.
At present fiber is carried out flame-retardant modified method mainly by add fire retardant in polymerization or melting process, as patent US20040072929, CN02113512.6, CN200710015390.X, be published in the article " halogen-free flameproof, the experimental study of anti-drippage polypropylene fibre " on " Henan chemical industry ", this copolymerization method for modifying flame is that the synthesis phase at polyester carries out polycondensation and synthetic flame retardant polyester with fire-retardant monomer and polyester components, and then is spun into fire resistance fibre.Because fire-retardant monomer solid fixes on the polyester macromolecule chain, dissolving or osmotic phenomena in use can not take place, thereby this flame-resistant terylene has relative permanently, toxicity is lower.But in process of production the fire retardant that is added often influence fiber fastness to light reduce by 2~3 grades, cause the fiber flavescence, color worsens.Some halogen-containing fire proofings have easily been emitted excitant and corrosive hydrogen halide when burning simultaneously, produce noxious material, and life and property safety are constituted a serious threat.Simultaneously for the anti-molten drop of the high temperature of endowing terylene and fabric thereof, also need use additives such as nanoscale imvite, nano-class molecular sieve, silica, and naphthalene diacid, naphthalene two pure and mild glycerine isoreactivity monomers further improve the charing fire retardation, and cost is higher.
Another kind method is by carrying out fire-retardant post processing or carrying out graft copolymerization to carry out the surface treatment modification to fabric, as patent CN200610013529.2, grafting is flame-retardant modified to be fire-retardant monomer and the polyester generation graft copolymerization that makes vinyl-type with ultraviolet ray, high-power electron beam radiation or chemical initiator, be to obtain effective and lasting method for modifying flame, but require technical conditions and production cost all high, thereby be difficult for generally being adopted.Arrangement has simple, the low cost and other advantages of technology after the fabrics flame resistance, but lack fire-retardant persistence, and the fire retardant consumption is many, bigger to influences such as the intensity of fabric, feel, color and luster, gas permeabilities, as be numbered the article " novel organophosphorus ester is studied the fire-retardant and anti-molten drop of dacron " of 1009-5160 (2007)-0029-04; The advantage of finishing method is that technology is simple, and is with low cost, widely applicable, can satisfy fire-retardant requirement in various degree; Shortcoming is that the fire retardant consumption is big, and persistence is undesirable, and is bigger to the influence of physical and mechanical propertiess such as the brute force of fiber and fabric, feel.
The demand that therefore, the fire-retardant and anti-dripping fibre of development of new is still arranged.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, this fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber does not produce the molten drop phenomenon when running into flame, and has good flame, has very strong industrial applicibility simultaneously yet.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber.
Briefly, the invention provides a kind of fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, be the core-skin type composite spun fiber, cortex is a polyphenylene sulfide, and sandwich layer is a flame retardant polyester.
The area of section ratio of wherein said cortex and sandwich layer is 15~50: 85~50, is preferably 15~25: 75: 85, most preferably be 15: 85.
Described cortex and sandwich layer are the concentric type structure.
Described flame retardant polyester is the polyester through flame-retardant modified processing, and its oxygen index (OI) is more than or equal to 27, and described flame-retardant modified processing is preferably the flame-retardant modified or blending fire retardant modification by fire-retardant monomer copolymerization.Preferred described flame retardant polyester is the PET through flame-retardant modified processing.
Described fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber intensity is 2.85~3.0CN/dtex, elongation at break: 16~18%, and oxygen index (OI): 30~32, fusing point 252-255 ℃, intrinsic viscosity is: 0.63-0.66 does not produce the molten drop phenomenon in the combustion process.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, comprising:
Polyphenylene sulfide slice and flame retardant polyester is dry respectively, then with two kinds of sections process composite spinnings, obtain the fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber of core-skin layer, its mediopellis is a polyphenylene sulfide, sandwich layer is a flame retardant polyester.
Wherein, described polyphenylene sulfide slice drying condition was: 80 ℃~90 ℃ following vacuumizes 3~6 hours, then 130~150 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6~10 hours, be preferably 80 ℃~85 ℃ following vacuumizes 3~4 hours, then 130~140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6~8 hours, most preferably 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, then 140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours; The drying condition of flame retardant polyester section was: 70~80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3~6 hours, then 100~125 ℃ of following vacuumizes 7~9 hours, preferably 70~75 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3~4 hours, then 100~110 ℃ of following vacuumizes 7~8 hours; Most preferably 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, then 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours.
The process conditions of described composite spinning are: the spinning temperature scope of cortex component is 280-300 ℃, the spinning temperature scope of sandwich layer component: 270-295 ℃, and the air cooling, lateral blowing speed is 3-5m/min, can obtain the fire-retardant anti-molten droplet polyester fiber.
The present invention also provides above-mentioned fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber to be used to prepare the purposes of fire-entry suit, household textiles.
It below is detailed description of the present invention.
A kind of fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber provided by the invention, be the core-skin type composite spun fiber, cortex is a polyphenylene sulfide, sandwich layer is flame retardant polyester or polypropylene, cortex and sandwich layer are the concentric type structure, the cross section ratio of cortex and sandwich layer is 15~50: 85~50, is preferably 15~25: 75: 85, most preferred cross section ratio was 15: 85.
Its mediopellis polyphenylene thioether PPS has high fusing point and excellent heat resistance, and chemical proofing, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY etc. are also very outstanding in addition, are a kind of high-performance fibers, and can resist the chemical attack of many acid, alkali and oxidant.Itself has good flame, when running into flame, becomes carbon amount height, does not produce molten drop, therefore does cortex with it, can not produce the molten drop phenomenon, and moderate, is suitable for large-scale industrialization production.In addition, polyphenylene sulfide can change the physical arrangement or the chemical constituent of material surface through plasma surface modification, and the performance of material is significantly improved, and also belongs in the protection protection domain of the present invention.
Sandwich layer is flame retardant polyester or polypropylene.Flame retardant polyester promptly passes through the polyester of flame-retardant modified processing, and the present invention requires its oxygen index (OI) more than or equal to 27.The flame-retardant modified of polyester is prior art, introducing mode by production process and fire retardant, the fire-retardantization method of polyester fiber comprises following several: different by the adding mode of production process and fire retardant, the polyester fiber method for modifying flame can reduce following five kinds: (1) copolymerization is flame-retardant modified, promptly carries out copolycondensation in ester exchange or polycondensation phase adding reactive flame retardant; (2) blending fire retardant modification promptly adds additive flame retardant promptly in melt spinning forward direction melt; (3) composite spinning is flame-retardant modified, promptly carries out composite spinning with conventional polyester and the polyester that contains flame-retardant composition; (4) the fire retardant grafting is flame-retardant modified, and promptly reactive flame retardant carries out graft copolymerization on terylene or fabric; (5) fabric post-treatment is flame-retardant modified, and promptly fabric carries out fire-retardant post processing.Flame retardant polyester among the present invention is meant the flame retardant polyester of and blending fire retardant modification flame-retardant modified through copolymerization, and preferred flame retardant polyester is fire-retardant PET.PET is a terylene, is polyethylene terephthalate.The flame-retardant modified existing big quantity research of PET, (" synthetic fiber, 2006, No.8 " describes in detail this, incorporates this paper by reference at this as " terylene flame-retarded technology progress " such as Zhang Rong.At present also there is a large amount of flame retardant polyesters on market, can directly buy.The fire-retardant PET that produces as the just vast and boundless fire-retardant Science and Technology Ltd. in Jinan cuts into slices, the fire-retardant PET of the Nanjing auspicious engineering plastics of letter Co., Ltd, and marque is E1305 etc.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, the following process conditions of concrete employing: earlier with polyphenylene sulfide slice and dry respectively with flame retardant polyester or polypropylene chip, wherein, polyphenylene sulfide slice drying condition: 80 ℃~90 ℃ following vacuumizes 3~6 hours, then 130~150 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6~10 hours; Be preferably 80 ℃~85 ℃ following vacuumizes 3~4 hours, then 130~140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6~8 hours, most preferably 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, then 140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours; The drying condition of flame retardant polyester section: 70~80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3~6 hours, then 100~125 ℃ of following vacuumizes 7~9 hours, preferably 70~75 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3~4 hours, then 100~110 ℃ of following vacuumizes 7~8 hours; Most preferably 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, then 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours.Again two kinds of sections are formed core-skin layer composite spun fiber by composite spinning, its mediopellis is a polyphenylene sulfide, and sandwich layer is flame retardant polyester or polypropylene.The process conditions of composite spinning are the spinning temperature scope of skin component: 280-300 ℃, and the spinning temperature scope of core component: 270-295 ℃, the air cooling, lateral blowing speed is 3-5m/min, the specification that finally obtains fiber is 75~150D/24f.
The performance parameter of fire-retardant anti-molten droplet polyester fiber is: intensity: 2.85~3.0CN/dtex; Percentage elongation: 16~18%; Oxygen index (OI): 30~32; Fusing point 252-255 ℃, intrinsic viscosity is: 0.63-0.66 does not produce the molten drop phenomenon in the combustion process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in: though that existing flame retardant polyester can be realized is fire-retardant, melt-flow during burning produces the molten drop phenomenon, causes the special injury to human body and environment.And have PPS when burning of fire retardation, and neat coal amout is big, molten drop not, and polyester that can molten drop encases, and realizes whole fire-retardant anti-molten droplet.
In addition, but the PPS condensed phase process of fortifying fibre not only makes it not produce molten drop, also can in a way synergy take place with flame retardant polyester, significantly strengthens the fire resistance of flame retardant polyester.With the flame retardant rating be the V-2 level fire-retardant PET be example, after making blend spinning fiber of the present invention together with PPS, its fire resistance sharply strengthens, can reach the V-0 level, this may be PPS become behind the charcoal will molten drop polyester encase, stoped low molecular degradation product to escape, reduced the supply of burning gases, but the sample that therefore burns puts out within a short period of time certainly.If PET adopt to add compound flame-retardant additive such as melamine phosphate wait carry out flame-retardant modified, also might reach the V-0 level, but this additive is quite expensive, and it is embodied as this and also is height than the inventive method far away, and does not reach anti-molten drop effect of the present invention.
In sum, the fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber among the present invention have flame retardant effect, and skin has adopted the PPS fiber because core is a flame retardant polyester, has prevented molten drop, has played the anti-molten drop effect of good flame, can be applicable to the making of fire-entry suit, household textiles etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber sectional view of the present invention
1, cortex 2 sandwich layers
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The polyphenylene thioether PPS section is 90 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3 hours, then 140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours; Flame retardant polyester is cut into slices 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes after 4 hours, 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours, dried PPS section (the spinning level PPS of Deyang, Sichuan company) and fire-retardant PET (the fire-retardant PET section that the just vast and boundless fire-retardant Science and Technology Ltd. in Jinan produces) are placed on respectively in two spinning barrels, the spinning zone of skin component PPS is set at 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, the spinning temperature of the fire-retardant PET of core component is 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, winding speed is 1000m/min, the drafting multiple of fiber is 3, drawing temperature is 180 ℃, the specification of obtained flame-retardant anti-dripping fibre is 150D/24f, intensity is 2.9CN/dtex, elongation at break is 16%, oxygen index (OI) is 31, does not produce the molten drop phenomenon when lighting.
Embodiment 2
The polyphenylene thioether PPS section is 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6 hours, then 130 ℃ of following vacuumizes 10 hours; Flame retardant polyester is cut into slices 70 ℃ of following vacuumizes after 6 hours, then 100 ℃ of following vacuumizes 9 hours, dried PPS section (the spinning level PPS of Deyang, Sichuan company) and fire-retardant PET (the fire-retardant PET section that the just vast and boundless fire-retardant Science and Technology Ltd. in Jinan produces) are placed on respectively in two spinning barrels, the spinning zone of skin component PPS is set at 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, the spinning temperature of the fire-retardant PET of core component is 270 ℃, 285 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, the air cooling, lateral blowing speed is 3-5m/min, winding speed is 1000m/min, the drafting multiple of fiber is 3, drawing temperature is 180 ℃, the specification of obtained flame-retardant anti-dripping fibre is 75D/24f, and cortex is 15: 85 with sandwich layer area of section ratio; Intensity is 2.85CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 16%, and oxygen index (OI) is 30, fusing point 252 degree, and intrinsic viscosity is: 0.63 does not produce the molten drop phenomenon when lighting.
Embodiment 3
The polyphenylene thioether PPS section is 90 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3 hours, then 150 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6 hours; Flame retardant polyester is cut into slices 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes after 3 hours, then 125 ℃ of following vacuumizes 7 hours, dried PPS section (the spinning level PPS of Deyang, Sichuan company) and fire-retardant PET (the fire-retardant PET section that the just vast and boundless fire-retardant Science and Technology Ltd. in Jinan produces) are placed on respectively in two spinning barrels, the spinning zone of skin component PPS is set at 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, the spinning temperature of the fire-retardant PET of core component is 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, the air cooling, lateral blowing speed is 3-5m/min, winding speed is 1000m/min, the drafting multiple of fiber is 3, drawing temperature is 180 ℃, the specification of obtained flame-retardant anti-dripping fibre is 150D/24f, and cortex is 50: 50 with sandwich layer area of section ratio; Intensity is 3.0CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 18%, and oxygen index (OI) is 31, fusing point 255 degree, and intrinsic viscosity is: 0.66, do not produce the molten drop phenomenon when lighting.
Embodiment 4
The polyphenylene thioether PPS section is 85 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, then 140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours; Flame retardant polyester is cut into slices 75 ℃ of following vacuumizes after 4 hours, then 110 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours, dried PPS section (the spinning level PPS of Deyang, Sichuan company) and fire-retardant PET (the fire-retardant PET section that the just vast and boundless fire-retardant Science and Technology Ltd. in Jinan produces) are placed on respectively in two spinning barrels, the spinning zone of skin component PPS is set at 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, the spinning temperature of the fire-retardant PET of core component is 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, the air cooling, lateral blowing speed is 3-5m/min, winding speed is 1000m/min, the drafting multiple of fiber is 3, drawing temperature is 180 ℃, the specification of obtained flame-retardant anti-dripping fibre is 150D/24f, and cortex is 25: 75 with sandwich layer area of section ratio; Intensity is 3.0CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 18%, and oxygen index (OI) is 32, fusing point 251 degree, and intrinsic viscosity is: 0.64, do not produce the molten drop phenomenon when lighting.

Claims (12)

1. a fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber is characterized in that, described fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber is the core-skin type composite spun fiber, and cortex is a polyphenylene sulfide, and sandwich layer is a flame retardant polyester; The area of section ratio of described cortex and sandwich layer is 15~25: 75~85; Described fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber intensity is 2.85~3.0CN/dtex, elongation at break: 16~18%, and oxygen index (OI): 30~32, fusing point 252-255 ℃, intrinsic viscosity is: 0.63-0.66 does not produce the molten drop phenomenon in the combustion process.
2. fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the area of section ratio of described cortex and sandwich layer is 15: 85.
3. fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described cortex and sandwich layer are the concentric type structure.
4. fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described flame retardant polyester is for through the polyester of flame-retardant modified processing, and its oxygen index (OI) is more than or equal to 27, the described flame-retardant modified flame-retardant modified or blending fire retardant modification by fire-retardant monomer copolymerization that is treated to.
5. fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber according to claim 4, described flame retardant polyester is the PET through flame-retardant modified processing.
6. fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber intensity is 2.9CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 16%, and oxygen index (OI) is 31, does not produce the molten drop phenomenon when lighting.
7. the preparation method of each described fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, comprise polyphenylene sulfide slice and flame retardant polyester section dry respectively, then with two kinds of sections process composite spinnings, obtain the fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber of core-skin layer, its mediopellis is a polyphenylene sulfide, and sandwich layer is a flame retardant polyester.
8. preparation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described polyphenylene sulfide slice drying condition is: 80 ℃~90 ℃ following vacuumizes 3~6 hours, then 130~150 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6~10 hours; The drying condition of flame retardant polyester section is: 70~80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3~6 hours, then 100~125 ℃ of following vacuumizes 7~9 hours.
9. preparation method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described polyphenylene sulfide slice drying condition is: 80 ℃~85 ℃ following vacuumizes 3~4 hours, then 130~140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 6~8 hours; The drying condition of flame retardant polyester section is: 70~75 ℃ of following vacuumizes 3~4 hours, then 100~110 ℃ of following vacuumizes 7~8 hours.
10. preparation method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described polyphenylene sulfide slice drying condition is: 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, then 140 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours; The drying condition of flame retardant polyester section is: 80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 4 hours, then 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8 hours.
11. preparation method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the process conditions of described composite spinning are: the spinning temperature scope of cortex component is 280-300 ℃, the spinning temperature scope of sandwich layer component: 270-295 ℃, the air cooling, lateral blowing speed is 3-5m/min, can obtain the fire-retardant anti-molten droplet polyester fiber.
12. each described fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber of claim 1-6 is used to prepare the purposes of fire-entry suit, household textiles.
CN2008101117750A 2008-05-16 2008-05-16 Fire-retardant anti-molten droplet fiber, method for preparing same and application thereof Active CN101580979B (en)

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KR101156193B1 (en) * 2010-03-15 2012-06-18 코오롱글로텍주식회사 Conjugated fiber having excellent flame resistance and light fastness and interior fabric using the same
CN102505276A (en) * 2011-09-30 2012-06-20 江苏喜登博服饰有限公司 Flame-retardant skin-friendly fabric
CN103060935A (en) * 2013-01-10 2013-04-24 常熟鑫宇织造有限公司 Production method of PPS (polyphenylene sulfite) and PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) blended and melted spun yarns
CN107938085A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-04-20 芜湖市皖南造船有限公司 A kind of cool fiber for dredger operative employee's work clothes
CN114407451A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-29 上海题桥江苏纺织科技有限公司 Flame-retardant anti-dripping multifunctional knitted fabric and preparation method thereof
CN114561716B (en) * 2022-03-23 2024-01-30 合肥工业大学 Anti-dripping flame-retardant polylactic acid fiber and preparation method thereof

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