CN101580853A - Straw fermenting technique with goose source penicillium oxalicum - Google Patents
Straw fermenting technique with goose source penicillium oxalicum Download PDFInfo
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- CN101580853A CN101580853A CNA2008100860182A CN200810086018A CN101580853A CN 101580853 A CN101580853 A CN 101580853A CN A2008100860182 A CNA2008100860182 A CN A2008100860182A CN 200810086018 A CN200810086018 A CN 200810086018A CN 101580853 A CN101580853 A CN 101580853A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to a straw fermenting technique taking penicillium oxalicum separated from a goose body as a bacteria source, belonging to the field of microbe fermentation. Through solid-state fermentation, the crude fiber content of straws is reduced by 49.07 percent, the content of crude protein is enhanced by 318.92 percent, and the content of vitamins A and vitamins E is respectively enhanced by 51.43 percent and 59.11 percent; fermented straws are used for feeding herbivorous animals, the digestibility of the crude fibers, neutral washing fibers and acidic washing fibers are respectively enhanced by 21.39 percent, 20.72 percent and 22.72 percent, the utility ratio of net protein is enhanced by 13.91 percent, and the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus is respectively enhanced by 5.09 percent and 11.10 percent. The straw fermenting technique reasonably develops the straws and reduces the waste of natural resources and the environment pollution caused by the incineration of the straws; fermentation products can replace a part of daily rations to direct feed the herbivorous animals, therefore, the straw fermenting technique enhances the utility ratio of fodders, reduces the cost and has important popularization and application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of goose source penicillium oxalicum bacterium (Penicillium oxalicum Currie﹠amp; Thom) application in the straw fermenting process.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country, according to statistics, annual agricultural crop straw (Wheat Straw, the corn stalk etc.) about 700,000,000 tons of producing, at present, these resources are reasonably developed, and except that minute quantity was used as feed and industrial raw material, all the other were all burned.At present, although there is part straw-returning as fertilizer sources to use, fermentation utilizes effect relatively poor.This is the huge waste to natural resource, has caused the severe contamination and a series of social concern of environment again.
The main component of stalk is a fiber, and cell walls content accounts for more than 70%, is made up of Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen.Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose can be decomposed by cellulose-decomposing bacteria, generate voltaile fatty acid, as acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid etc., are absorbed as energy utilization by animal.And wherein xylogen as the main component of stalk cell wall, constitute 15%～30% of wood fibre cell walls, it contains various complex combination forms very stable on the biological chemistry in structure, be difficult to by general microbiological degradation, also is difficult for being digested and assimilated by animal.Xylogen and hemicellulose are closely linked; Mierocrystalline cellulose tightly is wrapped in the inside; become peripheral matrix; the protection Mierocrystalline cellulose exempts from the attack of microorganism attack and degrading enzyme; thereby limited the digestion of digestive ferment pair cell wall and entocyte; and the intravital microorganism of phytophagous animal lacks the enzyme of lignin degrading; so the intracellular nutritive substance of stalk can not discharge; thereby limited degraded and the utilization of animal, caused the stalk digestibility low compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Microbiological treating straw mainly is by adding beneficial microorganism stalk to be carried out fermentative action, by the Degradation of these enzyme systems and bacterial classification, be macromole carbohydrate degradation such as the Mierocrystalline cellulose in the stalk fibre, hemicellulose, xylogen the process of low molecular monose or polysaccharide.Its key just is can obtain comparatively ideal nutritive ingredient by fermentation, thereby improves cellulosic degradation rate, makes it by animal digestibility and utilization better.
At present, the bacterial classification that is used for straw fermentation both at home and abroad is mostly from the cud of soil, putrefaction, ight soil and ruminating animal, do not relate to the plain decomposer of separated fiber in the poultry body, more do not see the technology of utilizing goose source cellulose-decomposing bacterium straw fermenting that relates to.
The method of existing feed biological fermentation has multiple, but because the restriction of bacterial classification, or fermentation condition such as temperature, potential of hydrogen, oxygen etc. are had relatively high expectations, or fermentation time is long, and inconvenience to some extent in actual applications.New through looking into, the report that China is relevant with this research is not found as yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of fermentation time short, fermentation condition is difficult for restricted, and the crude fiber content in the straw is reduced significantly, crude protein content increases, especially straw fermenting suits to add in the animal daily ration, and can make the straw fermentation technique that the nutritive ingredient utilization ratio improves in the daily ration.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The microorganism of using
Being used for the microorganism of straw fermenting is penicillium oxalicum F67, in the goose caecum, is cellulase high-yield, and identifies by Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica in November, 2004.Bright through animal virulence test card, this bacterial strain safety non-toxic.
Biological material specimens of the present invention is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center, the address: Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica; Postcode: 100101; Preservation date: on November 23rd, 2007; Deposit number: CGMCC No.2260; Classification name: penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicum).
The F67 bacterial strain has following character
Bacterium colony on the Cha Shi substratum, 25 ℃, 7d diameter 41mm-44mm, quality velvet shape, smooth, deep green, the edge is green in vain, and is neat; The conidium structure is more, easily comes off; The reverse side light green.Bacterium colony is grown on Cha Shi yeast extract paste nutrient agar rapidly, 25 ℃, 7d diameter 59mm-60mm, and quality velvet shape, smooth, the conidium structure is a large amount of, spruce.Bacterium colony on the wort agar substratum, 25 ℃, 7d diameter 54mm-60mm, quality velvet shape, smooth, the conidium structure is a large amount of, greyish-green; Reverse side is tawny in various degree.Conidiophore sends out in the matrix mycelia, and wall is smooth, diameter 3.8mm-5.4 μ m; The penicillus two-wheel is given birth to, and metulae is every takes turns 2-4, nearly column, 19-24 * 3.7-4.0 μ m; The bottle stalk is every takes turns 4-8, lanceolar, 10.8-14.6 * 2.4-3.8 μ m; The conidium greyish-green, ellipse, 5.5-6.1 * 2.8-3.4 μ m, wall is smooth; The conidia chain elongated cylindrical.
The preparation of F67 strain cultures of the present invention
Solid-state fermentation culture medium: Wheat Straw 47%, corn stalk 45%, wheat bran 8%, material-water ratio 1: 3, pH value nature, 115 ℃ of sterilization 30min.
The F67 bacterial strain of cultivating is stored in-20 ℃ of refrigerators.
Slant strains → activation → inoculation 1 encircles to the liquid substratum of 5ml → 30 ℃, and the inoculum size that the 150rpm shaking table is cultivated 24h → with 10% is seeded to triangular flask → F67 is inserted solid-state fermentation culture medium by 10% inoculum size.Fermentation time is 60h.Material-water ratio is 1: 3.Fermentation thickness is 45cm.Temperature is 30 ℃.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, be used for the microorganism penicillium oxalicum F67 of straw fermenting and be located away from the caecum of goose, compare with cellulose-decomposing bacterium in the past, this bacterium more can adapt to the animal intestinal envrionment conditions, and is easy to field planting in animal body.
2, make Wheat Straw and corn stalk Oranoleptic indicator and physical and chemical composition all improve a lot (result sees table 1 and table 2 for details) by goose source penicillium oxalicum F67 fermentative action.
Table 1 tunning physico-chemical property index
| Test item Items | Before the fermentation (%) | Fermentation back (%) | Velocity of variation (%) |
| Crude protein (%) | 5.18 | 21.70 | +318.92 |
| Robust fibre (%) | 35.48 | 18.07 | -49.07 |
| Neutral detergent fiber NDF (%) | 63.48 | 50.22 | -20.89 |
| Acid detergent fiber ADF (%) | 44.36 | 31.08 | -29.94 |
| Calcium (%) | 0.35 | 0.37 | +5.74 |
| Phosphorus (%) | 0.16 | 0.25 | +56.25 |
| Copper (mg.kg -1) | 10.31 | 15.30 | +48.40 |
| Iron (mg.kg -1) | 348.34 | 443.21 | +27.24 |
| Zinc (mg.kg -1) | 38.16 | 42.10 | +10.32 |
| Manganese (mg.kg -1) | 31.45 | 42.50 | +35.14 |
| Vitamin A V A(mg.kg -1) | 0.35 | 0.53 | +51.43 |
| Vitamin-E V E(mg.kg -1) | 1245.94 | 1982.4 | +59.11 |
Table 2 leavened prod amino acid analysis and microorganism compositional analysis
| Test item | Before the fermentation (%) | Fermentation back (%) | Raising rate (%) |
| Aspartic acid ASP | 0.49 | 1.56 | 219.18 |
| Threonine THR | 0.26 | 0.83 | 218.46 |
| Serine SER | 0.32 | 0.72 | 124.25 |
| L-glutamic acid GLU | 0.89 | 2.17 | 143.96 |
| Glycine GLY | 0.31 | 1.20 | 285.81 |
| L-Ala ALA | 0.29 | 1.09 | 274.34 |
| Gelucystine CYS | 0.23 | 0.48 | 108.00 |
| Xie Ansuan VAL | 0.42 | 1.21 | 189.14 |
| Methionine(Met) MET | 0.38 | 0.83 | 117.89 |
| Isoleucine ILE | 0.28 | 0.86 | 208.86 |
| Leucine LEU | 0.38 | 1.25 | 229.26 |
| Tyrosine TYR | 0.26 | 0.77 | 197.23 |
| Phenylalanine PHE | 0.29 | 0.79 | 172.83 |
| Methionin LYS | 0.21 | 0.64 | 206.67 |
| Histidine HIS | 0.10 | 0.26 | 157.60 |
| Arginine ARG | 0.25 | 0.68 | 172.32 |
| Proline(Pro) PRO | 0.27 | 0.68 | 152.15 |
| Mould (cfu) | - | 5.1×10 6 | - |
| Actinomycetes (cfu) | - | 2.8×10 5 | - |
| Bacterium (cfu) | - | 1.3×10 3 | - |
Annotate: "-" expression does not detect the bacterium number.
3, the present invention can effectively utilize the straw resource, not only can improve environment, prevents to pollute, and also can turn waste into wealth, and alleviates the protein resource shortage, reaches the effect of saving feed.
4, technology of the present invention is simple, and normal temperature fermentation not only had been suitable for scale production but also can dispersion processing, and was easy to utilize.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The test of fermented stalk feeding animals
Choose 48 of the healthy geese at 8 monthly ages, be divided into 8 groups at random, every group of 6 repetitions.Testing 1 group is control group, adds not fermented stalk, and content is 13.5%; 2～8 groups is test group, adds fermented stalk, and content is respectively 19.60%, 23.00%, 26.00%, 30.00%, 32.10%, 35.00%, 37.60%, and robust fibre (CF) level is raise successively.Adopt the full excrement method of receiving to carry out digest supersession test in the body, detect crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA), CF, ammonia-state nitrogen (NH in feed and the ight soil
3-N), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus multiple nutritional components such as (P), determine its apparent digestibility, to inquire into the feeding effect of fermented stalk feed.
The digest supersession test result shows in the body, and under the consistent condition of nutritive ingredient intakes such as metabolizable energy (ME) and CP, the digestibility of each test group nutrient is significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compare with control group, the digestibility of CF has improved 9.77%～21.39%, and NDF has improved 8.77%～20.72%, and ADF has improved 11.10%～22.72%; Clean protein utilization rate (NPU) has improved 7.68%～17.06%, and ammonia nitrogen concentration reduces 10.76mg/kg～29.38mg/kg than control group in the ight soil; Except that glycine (GLY) was on the low side, each seed amino acid apparent digestibility (AAAD) was all higher, and test group reaches 73.35%～92.55%, and control group only is 60.89%～81.07%; The apparent digestibility of Ca, P has improved 5.09%～18.60% and 11.10%～23.80% than control group respectively.Illustrating that goose has nutrient in this fermented feed digests and assimilates effect (test-results sees table 3 for details) preferably.
Each test group CF of table 3, NDF, the comparison of ADF digestibility
Annotate: data are represented with mean number ± standard deviation in the table, identical, adjacent and alternate difference not remarkable (P＞0.05), significantly (P＜0.05) and extremely significantly (P＜0.01) represented respectively of same column data alphabet.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of cellulase high-yield that from healthy goose intestinal microflora, separates--penicillium oxalicum F67 (Penicillium oxalicum Currie﹠amp; Thom) (microbial preservation number for CGMCC NO.2260) be used for the technology of straw fermenting, comprise separation, inoculum size and the fermentation condition etc. of bacterial classification, it is characterized in that:, make the crude fiber content in the straw reduce by 49.07% by solid state fermentation; Crude protein content has improved 318.92%; Vitamin A and vitamin-E have improved 51.43% and 59.11% respectively; Adopt the fermented stalk phytophagous animal of feeding, can improve feed digestibility, wherein the digestibility of robust fibre, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber has improved 21.39%, 20.72% and 22.72% respectively; Clean protein utilization rate has improved 13.91%; The apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus has improved 5.09% and 11.10% respectively.Bright through animal virulence test card, this bacterial strain safety non-toxic.
2, according to the technology of claims 1 described penicillium oxalicum F67 straw fermenting, it is characterized in that bacterial classification penicillium oxalicum F67 comes from the animal body, bacterial strain than other sources such as soil, putrefaction and ight soil can better adapt to the animal intestinal envrionment conditions, and be easy to field planting in animal body, safe in utilization, be that the ideal stalk fermentation is produced bacterial strain.
3, according to the technology of claims 1 described penicillium oxalicum F67 straw fermenting, it is characterized in that optimum nitrogen source is urea or ammonium sulfate in the fermention medium, its suitable addition is respectively 1.5% or 2.0%.
4, according to the technology of claims 1 described penicillium oxalicum F67 straw fermenting, it is characterized in that in solid ferment process, added wheat bran in fermention medium, optimum content is 8%.Add wheat bran and not only can regulate the nutrition of fermentation substrate, and can be used as a kind of good raising agent, help fermentation.
5,, it is characterized in that optimal conditions of fermentation is fermentation time 60h, material-water ratio 1: 3, bed thickness 45cm, 30 ℃ of temperature according to the technology of claims 1 described penicillium oxalicum F67 straw fermenting.Optimum inoculation amount is 10%～12%, and best initial pH is 4.0, β in the tunning-1, and 4-dextranase (also claiming the Cx enzyme) and filter paper enzyme activity reach 5532.89U/g and 6345.92U/g respectively.
6, according to the technology of claims 1 described penicillium oxalicum F67 straw fermenting, it is characterized in that fermented stalk can be directly as the feed phytophagous animal of feeding, and can improve the digestibility of animal to stalk.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101717728B (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-04-10 | 华东理工大学 | Penicillium and application thereof in catalyzing and hydrolyzing lignocellulose |
| CN103468592A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 上海交通大学 | Fungus with straw degradation capability and application thereof in composting |
| CN103667069A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2014-03-26 | 南京农业大学 | Agricultural straw degrading fungus penicillium oxalicum NJGZ-2 and fungal agent thereof |
| CN105861472A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-17 | 山东大学 | Method for producing cellulase through semi-continuous fermentation of penicillium oxalicum |
| CN114380629A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-04-22 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Composite microbial straw decomposing inoculant and preparation method thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-03-06 CN CNA2008100860182A patent/CN101580853A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101717728B (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-04-10 | 华东理工大学 | Penicillium and application thereof in catalyzing and hydrolyzing lignocellulose |
| CN103667069A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2014-03-26 | 南京农业大学 | Agricultural straw degrading fungus penicillium oxalicum NJGZ-2 and fungal agent thereof |
| CN103468592A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-25 | 上海交通大学 | Fungus with straw degradation capability and application thereof in composting |
| CN105861472A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-17 | 山东大学 | Method for producing cellulase through semi-continuous fermentation of penicillium oxalicum |
| CN114380629A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-04-22 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Composite microbial straw decomposing inoculant and preparation method thereof |
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Open date: 20091118 |