CN101575845A

CN101575845A - Water-filling power station

Info

Publication number: CN101575845A
Application number: CNA2008100443593A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 历洪德
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-05-07
Filing date: 2008-05-07
Publication date: 2009-11-11
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-07
Also published as: CN101575845B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydropower. Water in a reservoir is not used in a water-filling power station, and a single machine can generate 10-15 percent of electric power. Surplus fall at the upstream is shifted to the downstream, which is performed in the following steps: tail water of a water turbine is blocked up by a thinned enclosing wall with lashing wires on the three sides, and the tail water is supplied to an auxiliary engine to generate the electricity. The auxiliary engine is located on a short bridge at the tail end of the enclosing wall. The host engine observes that the tail water is filled, an adjusting valve can be automatically turned on to compensate the surplus fall (limitation on permission of intensity of a tail water chamber) to recover the original flow capacity and the original power so that the power generation power of the auxiliary engine is considerable. When the upstream water level is not high and the surplus fall is not enough, a bottom gate at the tail end of the enclosing wall is opened to discharge, and the host engine automatically generates the electricity while the auxiliary engine stops the operation. The surplus fall is the fall storage to increase water storage capacity in the reservoir. Few units are operated in the less-harvest season to reserve certain storage. The surplus fall cannot take part in electricity generation of the host engine, and the product of the surplus fall and the flow rate represents the surplus power which is lost on the adjusting valve along with the outflow of the water for electricity generation of the water turbine. The invention can change the history that the surplus fall cannot generate the electricity and recycles the power lost on the adjusting valve.

Description

Water-filling power station

Technical field:

Hydroelectric generation

Background technology:

The traditional water power station, the electrical power that can get lets alone having abandoned more.Existing auspicious being set forth in down:

For ease of explanation, review the several term definitions in water power aspect:

Drop: the upper pond level and the level of tail water poor.Be convenient narration, this paper thinks that temporarily the level of tail water is constant.

Necessary drop: the minimum drop that is the generating of unit full power.Also be called rated head, corresponding upper pond level claims lowest water level.

Full power generating under necessary drop, the control valve of the hydraulic turbine (stator) standard-sized sheet.Think the control valve non-resistance of standard-sized sheet, the conduit pipe resistance is very for a short time to be disregarded, the pressure that necessary drop forms, and flow velocity and impact force all act on the runner of the hydraulic turbine, and be most effective, can reach 92%.

Drop is less than the generating down of necessary drop, although the control valve standard-sized sheet, generated output also will reduce, and generating efficiency is low.Even bring cavitation erosion, vibrate and lift unsafe factors such as machine.

Drop is greater than the down generating of necessary drop, and hydrogenerator is for preventing overburden, and its can turn down control valve, unnecessary drop promptly have more than needed drop by the pass outside control valve.

Drop more than needed: be the drop that surpasses necessary drop.Real is unnecessary drop.Be wealth, but

Drop more than needed is that drop is stocked, and it increases pondage in the storehouse, is that the happy institute of reservoir asks.Feng Jijie is being owed in the power station, always would rather open several units less, also will keep certain drop and stock.In earlier stage meet the torrential rain reservoir that soars at summer flood, stock that negative value to occur be of short duration.The power station of peak regulation task, drop more than needed is big.Behind summer flood flood retention summer flood phase and the volt, water level height in the storehouse, multiple electricity when taking advantage of naturally, drop more than needed is also corresponding considerable.Peach blossom water season, the water yield is abundant, can multiple electricity, and drop more than needed is big.Be the irrigation of the end of spring and the beginning of summer arid season, shipping ... Deng, also to leave bigger drop and stock.The existence of drop more than needed provides condition for continuing balanced generating four seasons.

Drop more than needed is the existence of " gesture ".It can not be used for generating separately, can not participate in main hydraulic turbine generating.The product of drop more than needed and flow, representative power more than needed, it is withered away on control valve along with the outflow of generating water.

Generally speaking: drop more than needed is closed outside control valve, and power more than needed is withered away on control valve.

Water-filling power station of the present invention changes the history that drop more than needed can not generate electricity exactly, can regain the electrical power on control valve of withering away.

Summary of the invention:

The drop more than needed of upstream is shifted to the downstream.Is that media is generated electricity by secondary machine in the downstream with tail water.---without water in the storehouse.

Water-filling power station is exactly that the drop more than needed of upstream is shifted to the downstream, with the tail water of the enclosure wall bed hedgehopping hydraulic turbine, supplies with secondary machine generating with the tail water of bed hedgehopping.Secondary machine is sitting on the short bridge of enclosure wall tail end.

Main hydrogenerator is perceived tail water and is filled up, and when flow and power decrease, can automatically in time hold big control valve, is able to eat the drop more than needed (having tail water chamber intensity at last allows to exceed) of trip, recovers former flow and former power.This moment, secondary machine generated output was very considerable.

When upper pond level not high, when drop more than needed is not enough, open enclosure wall at the bottom of lock release, the main hydraulic turbine freely generates electricity, the pad water generator of stopping using.

The pad water generator is to be able to eat the drop more than needed of trip in the downstream and multiple electricity so the drop of having more than needed is not the existence of " gesture ", is imbued with power and no longer withers away on control valve.Supply with the pad water generator and be retracted, most economical operation can be accomplished in the power station.

The design work in power station always is averaged the 60-80% of drop as necessary drop, just on usual days, available drop more than needed more than 15% is always arranged.Water-filling power station has the enforcement space, and generality is arranged.

The generating of pad water has generality, and pad water generated output is considerable.Only, lift two examples and calculate in following with regard to given data:

One. the power of the pad water generating of power station, mound temple unit imagination is calculated in simulation.

1, data, power station, mound temple, middle reaches, Guangyuan City white Dragon River, north, river Billboard data are as follows.

1. level of tail water 489m (elevation) ... for sake of convenience, think that the level of tail water is constant.

2. lowest water level 560m ... think the lowest water level of full power generating.

3. usual water level 588m;

4. 17.5 ten thousand kilowatts four on the HL622 type of installing

5. built up in 1998 and begin to serve as the peak regulation task.

1, the pad water generated output of unit imagination is calculated as follows:

(1) asks the necessary drop H that calculates the generating of unit full power _B:

H _BThe lowest water level one downstream water position of=upstream full power generating

＝560-489

＝71m

(2) ask the flow Q that calculates the generating of unit full power:

Q=unit rated power ÷ (necessary drop * 9.8 * 0.92 * 0.91)

=17.5 ten thousand ÷ (71 * 9.8 * 0.92 * 0.91)

=300 metric cubes/second (m ³/ s) 0.92 * 0.91 be the efficient of hydraulic turbine generator in the formula

(3) ask the drop H more than needed that calculates design _SF:

H _SF=usual water level-lowest water level

＝588-560

＝28m

(4) the drop H more than needed of tentative calculation operation _YF:

H _YFThe drop more than needed of=design is made a call to 6 foldings and is calculated

＝28×0.6

=16.8 ... this number is downstream pad water elevation, thinks that main frame tail water chamber intensity allows.

(5) ask calculation unit pad water generating (may be 2 parallel connections) general power P _D:

P _DFlow * 9.8 * 0.92 * 0.91 of the drop more than needed of=operation * separate unit main frame full power generating

＝16.8×300×9.8×0.92×0.91

=4.1 ten thousand kilowatts

(6) answer: the separate unit main frame pad water generated output of power station, mound temple imagination is 4.1 ten thousand kilowatts.

(7) revise, pad water generator group belongs to low head, the slow-speed of revolution, size hypertrophy.The tail water zone of main frame is not spacious, takes to stagger high-power as far as possible 2 secondary machines are installed, and eats up main frame tail water flow in the hope of reaching.---after implementing engineering design, could solve unknown problem, perhaps not reach the pad water-horse power of calculating, the pad water generated output after decreasing remains the very considerable innovation energy.Social benefit is huge.

The pad water generated output of analog computation the three gorges hydropower plant unit imagination:

1, information material ... (the online data of computer)

1. single-machine capacity is 700,000 kilowatts.

2. downstream river surface water level: 75m (elevation)

3. rated head: 80.6m ... the minimum drop of thinking the full power generating also is necessary drop.

4. normal pool level: 175m.

2, the pad water generated output of unit imagination is calculated as follows:

(1) ask the flow Q that calculates the generating of unit full power:

Q=rated power ÷ (rated head * 9.8 * 0.92 * 0.91)

=70 ten thousand ÷ (80.6 * 9.8 * 0.92 * 0.91)

=1065 metric cubes/second (m ³/ s)

(2) ask the drop H more than needed that calculates design _SF:

H _SF=normal pool level-rated head-level of tail water

＝175-80.1-75

＝19.9m

(3) the drop H more than needed of tentative calculation operation _YF:

＝19.9×0.6

＝12m

(4) pad water generating (may be 2 secondary machine parallel connections) general power P of tentative calculation separate unit unit imagination _D:

P _DDrop more than needed * main frame tail water flow * 9.8 * 0.92 * 0.91 of=operation

＝12×1065×9.8×0.92×0.91

=10.5 ten thousand kilowatts

(5) answer: the pad water generated output of the three gorges hydropower plant separate unit unit imagination is 10.5 ten thousand kilowatts

(6) revise: pad water generator group belongs to low head, the slow-speed of revolution, size hypertrophy.Main frame tail water zone is not spacious, takes to stagger high-power as far as possible 2 secondary machines are installed, and eats up main frame tail water flow in the hope of reaching.---after implementing engineering design, could solve unknown problem, perhaps not reach the pad water-horse power of calculating, the pad water generated output after decreasing remains the very considerable innovation energy, and social benefit is huge.

Description of drawings:

The pad water generating schematic diagram of Fig. 1, simulation power station, mound temple imagination.

The pad water generating schematic diagram of Fig. 2, simulation the three gorges hydropower plant imagination.

Fig. 3, floor map under water

Fig. 4, hydraulic turbine volute chamber schematic diagram

Fig. 5, Dynamo Room plan view

Fig. 6, the indicator diagram of enclosure wall foundation construction under water

The specific embodiment:

One, pad water enclosure wall: task is that the tail water of the bed hedgehopping hydraulic turbine is supplied with secondary machine generating.Construction working does not influence main engine power generation.

1, for accounting for space, tail water road less, adopts the slim enclosure wall of band lacing wire.Wall right wall in a left side rides on the tail water road.

2, on the tail water road, build operation platform, lay large-diameter drill.Diameter 80-100 centimetre hole in the enclosure wall basic part brill row of breaking into is deep into the base of dam huge rock.

3, prefabricated pipe box is inserted into the cave at the bottom of, again the reinforcing steel bar cage of existing system is inserted placing of concrete in the pipe box, form campshed under water, surface.

4, lay backplate between the campshed, insert reinforcing steel bar cage, placing of concrete surfaces, and forms thin wall under water.Enclosure wall waterborne is cast-in-place.

5, the horizontal lacing wire several rows in first road, on the protocercal tail water surface, the horizontal lacing wire several rows in second road, 2/3 high place of wall on the former water surface.Lacing wire is oval.150 centimetres of major diameters, 80 centimetres of minor axis.45 ° at the elevation angle, first road, 30 ° at the elevation angle, second road, lacing wire is 2.5-3 rice at interval.

6, the wall height on the water surface equals drop more than needed and adds 2 meters again as height in hand.

7, the dam body under water of main frame tail water portal and connecting airtight of thin wall will be removed liver moss, obtain exposed new stubble, pouring high grade mortar.The above water of dam body connects with thin wall, adopts the expansion bolt in a row of heavy galvanizing, placing of concrete.

8, several places of overflow gap are arranged at the enclosure wall top, and it is of a size of the high 1.5m of long 3m.

9, walkway and guardrail are arranged at the enclosure wall top.Use cat ladder two places of galvanizing steel system in the enclosure wall.

10, enclosure wall length is advisable with 5 meters, washes away the suction side stress that the enclosure wall local surfaces forms for solving the sediment outflow jet, installs the Wen Qiulishi air wall.With the light plate of intensive fenestra, be installed in the enclosure wall local surfaces.The gap of air wall thickness that is light plate and wall, desirable 20 centimetres.The diversion power station did not have air wall after the three gorges hydropower plant belonged to the dam.Sand removing hole and tail water mouth be not or not a place.

Two, pad water power plant building:

1, first floor is three walls, two corridors under water, should suitably enlarge lateral dimension, guarantees that the tail water flow area increases to some extent.As adjust the energy bearing load, or the light material unit, two wall one corridor, one machines or a corridor two machines can be adopted.

2, all there is one at end lock separately the every corridor of bottom, and for ease of alternately rising and falling, every end lock is front and back two fans.The electric lifting device that oneself is respectively arranged.Every corridor bottom tail end will have the maintenance lock, can handly rise and fall, and will there be seepage sump and water pump in every corridor.

3, the second layer is hydraulic turbine volute chamber and turbine chamber, also is three walls, two corridors or two walls, one corridor, and there are two hydraulic turbines every corridor.

4, the 3rd layer is Dynamo Room and electric installation room, does not have middle walls, and two machines or four machines are installed.

5, the 3rd layer of crane that oneself is arranged.Consider that pad water hydrogenerator all is the big flow of low head, its profile hypertrophy, unit is heavier, and the 3rd layer will have firm parts storage area in addition.

6, factory building will be avoided the preceding camber line of sediment outflow, jet, or installs Wen Qiulishi air barricade.The sand removing hole of the three gorges hydropower plant, near the tail water mouth, the three gorges hydropower plant is not wanted air wall.

Three, to the specific (special) requirements of hydrogenerator:

1, pad water power plant building is narrow, low head, and big flow, the machine packet size is bigger, can not take separate unit typing unit, must the particular design manufacturing.

2, the fall range of unit wants wide.Adopt the change impeller type turbine of no control valve.

3, customized ZZ582 series modified adapts to drop 3-15 rice, and becoming the blade angle degree will be between 0 °-22.5 °.Intensity is not made excessive demands efficient emphatically.Draft tube cone is short as far as possible, inserts 1 meter under water.

4, generator is selected the synchronous generator of DC exciter for use.Specific (special) requirements is tall and thin shape.

5, generator is carried out demagnetize and can not be carried out demagnetization, carries out dynamic braking when the time comes.

Claims

1, the drop more than needed of upper pond is shifted to the reservoir downstream, with enclosure wall bed hedgehopping hydraulic turbine tail water, supplies with the technology of secondary machine generating.

2, at hydraulic turbine tail water mouth, or 300 meters with interior tail water zone, obtains the technology of power or electric power.