CN101572936B - Node energy consumption management method for wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Node energy consumption management method for wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN101572936B CN101572936B CN2009100286756A CN200910028675A CN101572936B CN 101572936 B CN101572936 B CN 101572936B CN 2009100286756 A CN2009100286756 A CN 2009100286756A CN 200910028675 A CN200910028675 A CN 200910028675A CN 101572936 B CN101572936 B CN 101572936B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
A wireless sensor network is a network structure in which a plurality of nodes are mutually communicated in a radio frequency mode. A majority of the nodes in the wireless sensor network are supplied with power by a battery. The power consumption management of the nodes is an important problem in the design of the wireless sensor network. A radical solution method comprises that the modes are in asleep state of low power consumption in most time. Moving nodes and fixed nodes exist in some specific wireless sensor networks. The network requires that the moving nodes must be in effective commun ication when passing through the fixed nodes, namely requiring that the moving nodes must revive nearby the fixed nodes. The algorithm provides a power consumption management mechanism which can ensure that the moving nodes are in low power consumption and revive nearby the fixed nodes. The algorithm has the core that the moving nodes have two sleep modes of a long period and a short period, are usually in the long-period mode, are wakened nearby the fixed nodes and enter the short-period mode. The fixed nodes have a pre-wakening mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The power management technique of the technical field of the energy consumption management method of wireless sensing network system, particularly mobile node.
Background technology
Radio sensing network is the network configuration that is communicated with one another by wireless radio frequency mode by a lot of nodes.Each node generally is made up of sensing unit, processing unit and communication unit.Some node has the control unit of control exterior mechanical system or electrical system in addition.The main task of sensing unit is to need data monitored by certain mode reads ingress.Communication unit is a radio-frequency module, is responsible for setting up between each node uniform communication passage and intercommunication mutually.Processing unit is responsible for the data that processes sensor receives, and also is responsible for handling the communication unit data.Processing unit is also each functional unit collaborative on the coordinator node simultaneously.
Radio sensing network more than ten years in the past are very deep in academia's research.In recent years, along with the popularization of various standards bodies and the support of government department, the application of industrial aspect is just in expansion like a raging fire.However, radio sensing network is not still extensively adopted by market at present.Trace it to its cause, a wherein most important problem is that node energy consumption does not have effective solution all the time.The energy consumption of radio sensing network is meant the energy consumption of each node.In general, make the real realization wireless connections of energy between the wireless sensing node, just can not have power line between them, thereby powered battery be basic mode.Because battery capacity is limited, node energy consumption in working order is directly connected to the life-span of node.General industry wireless sensing product power consumption in working order at present is tens milliamperes of magnitudes.The capacity of considering battery generally arrives several thousand MAHs at hundreds of, and wireless sensing node generally can only be in running order tens hours.For most problems that radio sensing network will solve, so Duan life-span market is beyond affordability.
Although realize that in the whole network scope also there is no small difficulty in low-power consumption, for some special application scenarios, the management by node power consumption still can make the life-span of whole system extend to more than several years.Such as, a radio sensing network is made of a large amount of mobile nodes and a spot of stationary nodes, and mobile node only needs and must communicate by letter with stationary nodes.Mobile node is because the mobility of itself makes the energy of node supply with and must be finished by battery.Stationary nodes is because few, the fixed-site of quantity can be used the power supply of electrical network or rechargeable battery.The battery capacity of mobile node is limited because the energy of stationary nodes trends towards infinity, and the operating time of mobile node has just determined the life-span of whole system.For this radio sensing network, the basic principle of the managing power consumption of system is to allow the mobile node sleep state that is in as much as possible.The length of one's sleep of mobile node is long more, and the average power consumption of mobile node is just more little, and its life span is just long more.Like this whole system operation time just long more, system get involved for personnel and the requirement safeguarded just low more.The actual prototype of such sensing network can be intelligent vehicle management system or personnel management system etc.
As mentioned before, node energy consumption in working order is tens milliamperes, and it is in running order for a long time that common batteries is difficult to keep node.Relatively, node is lower than tens microamperes in dormant energy consumption.Therefore, the mobile node of radio sensing network always to be in periodic sleep, revive, in the middle of the sleep again, the circulation of reviving again.If the length of one's sleep of node is much larger than the time of reviving, the energy consumption of node will descend significantly, under best situation, just the length of one's sleep of node with respect to the ratio of recovery time considerably beyond the wake states power consumption with respect to dormant power consumption, be node revive hardly and always the sleep, the life-span of node has just reached its limit.This limit is exactly the ratio of battery energy storage with respect to the node sleep energy.
Yet as a wireless network, any node all needs to carry out alternately with other node.Although we do not need each node to follow any one node mutual, at least for our described network, a mobile node near moving to certain stationary nodes the time must and the stationary nodes efficient communication.If the length of one's sleep of a mobile node is very long, the speed of node motion is very fast, and node just may lose the communication opportunity with stationary nodes.For such network, we certainly reduce the sleep cycle of mobile node, and the assurance mobile node is effectively being revived and operate as normal in the communication range.But the limitation of this method is discussed as preamble, has reduced the length of one's sleep of node, thereby has reduced the existence life-span of node.
Summary of the invention
A large-scale wireless sensing network is made up of a large amount of mobile nodes and a spot of stationary nodes.Mobile node need be in periodic sleep state in most times.Problem to be solved by this invention is that mobile node kept near desirable useful life in such network, also can effectively communicate with stationary nodes simultaneously.
A large-scale wireless sensing network is made up of a large amount of mobile nodes and a spot of stationary nodes.Mobile node generally is installed in the moving object, and is such as personnel or vehicle, battery-powered.Stationary nodes can be the special equipment of for good and all building in the locality, by mains-supplied; Or be arranged in the equipment in certain place momently, power by rechargeable battery.No matter be which kind of mode, the distinguishing feature of stationary nodes is that energy reserve is very big, inexhaustible with respect to lifetime of system.When the taking into account system interior nodes was communicated by letter, its energy consumption needn't be paid close attention to.
Node in the radio sensing network is by wireless radio frequency mode communication.Each node all has radio frequency unit.The radio frequency unit of some equipment comprises transmitting element, and some comprises receiving element, some the two have both at the same time.The message pick-up node of radio sensing network must be opened receiver when communication, otherwise it can not receive the information of sending node.
In our described radio sensing network, mobile node must periodically be in sleep state because energy consumption is limited.Mobile node is in sleep state in most times.The state of node comprises sleep, revive and processing transactions, sleep again, revive again.Definition of T is that node begins to the time that is about to enter sleep next time from sleep, and Ts is the length of one's sleep, and Tw is the operating time.In order to make the energy consumption minimum of mobile node, in our design, the Ts of mobile node is far longer than Tw.
The Ts length of one's sleep of mobile node is very long, supposes that its translational speed is very fast, when it passes through stationary nodes at a high speed, has very big chance in time not revive.For instance, if the sleep cycle Ts of the node on the automobile is 10 seconds, translational speed be 60 kilometers per hour, i.e. 15 metre per second (m/s)s, in node sleep, it can move 150 meters distance.The less radio-frequency coverage of supposing node is tens meters, and mobile node will have very big chance to miss fixing charge station's node.It just can not communicate with stationary nodes like this.
In order to solve the mobile node speed fast length of one's sleep of the long communication issue that causes, a kind of method is proposed among the present invention.Be that mobile node shortens sleep cycle automatically when arriving stationary nodes soon.This just requires stationary nodes to have preactivate mechanism, and the place distant at the fixed distance node can both send the preactivate frame, and mobile node is implemented temporary transient short sleep cycle under the preactivate condition.
Mobile node is under normal circumstances implemented long sleep cycle.Under the condition of being activated, mobile node uses short sleep cycle.The short sleep cycle of mobile node can be guaranteed node in sleep cycle, only through very short distance, thereby revives and efficient communication near stationary nodes the time.Concrete short-period size depends on the coverage of radio frequency between the translational speed of mobile node and node.Such as in above-mentioned example, the short period can be decided to be 1 second.Mobile node returns long sleep state finishing with after stationary nodes is communicated by letter.
In the Radio Network System of our design, mobile node does not allow to be in for a long time short sleep state after by preactivate.Because the energy consumption of system is higher relatively like that, do not meet our Design Conception.We prevent that by a short sleep operating time upper limit node is absorbed in this state.Lacking the sleep state operating time above after this upper limit when mobile node, system returns long sleep state automatically.
After mobile node goes back to normal condition from short sleep state, might still be in the preactivate frame coverage of stationary nodes.Enter the preactivate state repeatedly for fear of node, in our design, system no longer responds the preactivate frame in the regular hour after returning long sleep state again.
The preactivate mechanism of stationary nodes adopts two kinds of patterns.A kind of mode is that stationary nodes is installed big antenna, and its radio frequency coverage is very big, can guarantee timely preactivate mobile node when mobile node passes through stationary nodes with design maximum rating.It is worthy of note that in this manner, the coverage of mobile node and stationary nodes is asymmetric.Mobile node still keeps little radio frequency coverage.Enter the radio frequency coverage of stationary nodes at mobile node after, its information node that may be fixed is received, also may not arrive stationary nodes.If mobile node is not received the affirmation of stationary nodes, also promptly send failure, mobile node keeps the preactivate state.When the information of mobile node is fixed after node receives, mobile node returns the ortho state.
The another kind of mode that stationary nodes is activated is promptly being laid a mobile node preactivate device for installing and fixing node system from the certain distance of original stationary nodes.In our described system, mobile node preactivate device is placed in coming upwards of mobile node.When mobile node process preactivate device, be activated.When arriving stationary nodes, just can carry out efficient communication.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of radio sensing network described in the invention
Fig. 2 is the workflow schematic diagram of mobile node described in the invention
Fig. 3 is the stationary nodes long shot described in the invention preactivate schematic diagram of mechanism of coverage frequently
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of stationary nodes arranged around preactivate device mechanism described in the invention
Embodiment
Below just the present invention is done further detailed explanation by accompanying drawing and instantiation.
Radio sensing network as shown in Figure 1 is made up of stationary nodes and mobile node.The substantive characteristics of stationary nodes is that the energize of node is very big, and its energy consumption can not done consideration in system design.The substantive characteristics of mobile node is that the energize of node is limited, must be in sleep state in the overwhelming majority's time.The network model of our design requires mobile node must carry out efficient communication with stationary nodes through stationary nodes the time.One of them example is a vehicle management system.The built-in radio-frequency module of each motor vehicles is used powered battery.Comprise the relevant electronic information of vehicle in the radio-frequency module.Vehicle is a mobile node in our described system.Toll station, inspection post are possible stationary nodes, can be by mains-supplied.Because patrol police's handheld device electric energy abundance can be charged, the interim vehicle monitoring point of setting also is a stationary nodes on the highway limit so the patrol police takes a handheld device.Vehicle must be communicated by letter with stationary nodes through charge station or interim monitoring point the time, sends information of vehicles, receives data or control information.
Core concept of the present invention is the managing power consumption of mobile node.These mobile nodes are in long sleep cycle under normal conditions.This sleep cycle can guarantee that node reaches the life-span of near ideal.Such as the power consumption that is installed in radio-frequency module when sleep in the vehicle approximately is tens microamperes, and the power consumption after reviving approximately is tens milliamperes.The operating time of radio-frequency module after reviving approximately is 20 milliseconds.The long sleep cycle of our Module Design surpasses 20 seconds, and the life-span of node reaches the life-span of near ideal with regard to depending on the sleep power consumption like this.Mobile node enters a kind of state of preactivate near arriving stationary nodes the time.At the preactivate state, it is very short that the sleep cycle of node becomes, and such as 1 second, thereby guarantees still can communicate by letter with stationary nodes under motion state.The course of work of mobile node can illustrate with following process as shown in Figure 2.
Step 1: node is revived from sleep, opens radio frequency receiver, waits for the preactivate frame.
Step 2: if receive the preactivate frame, node sends information frame by preset program, attempts to finish communication.Suppose that the nodal distance stationary nodes is very near, can communicate by letter that node just keeps former sleep cycle with stationary nodes.Do not confirm that node just enters the preactivate state if the information frame that node sends is fixed node, begin short sleep cycle.
Step 3: mobile node is revived under short sleep quality, attempts to finish communication, and communication is finished and just recovered long sleep cycle.Communication failure just keeps short sleep cycle.In order to protect the battery reserves of mobile node, if mobile node surpasses certain limit at short sleep period time, node will automatically restore to long sleep cycle.
Equipment in the mobile node is made of two modules of bottom.Singlechip microprocessor and radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module.The information of memory node in the singlechip microprocessor, such as, information of vehicles, owner information etc., also storage package contains the firmware of above-mentioned method for synchronous.Radio-frequency (RF) receiving and transmission module adopts the transponder chip that meets international standard.
The preactivate method of the stationary nodes among the present invention has two kinds, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.Method among Fig. 3 is that stationary nodes has very big radio-frequency emission power, can cover bigger scope.Such as node is equipped with power amplifier, thereby the coverage of radio frequency is big.Perhaps node is equipped with directional antenna.Directional antenna upwards being installed guaranteeing that automobile advances into the preactivate state arriving admin site at highway automobile.
Method among Fig. 4 is that the preactivate device that separates is installed near stationary nodes.Such as a radio frequency sending node upwards being installed at highway.Its periodic mobile node preactivate frame that sends is to highway.The mobile node of installing on the vehicle just has been in the preactivate state later on receiving the preactivate frame.The preactivate device only sends information and does not receive the information frame that mobile node sends.
Claims (11)
1. the node energy consumption management method of a radio sensing network, in the specific wireless sensing network system, stationary nodes in the network provides a kind of preactivate mechanism, mobile node is guaranteed normal communication simultaneously by the lifetime that the machine-processed sleep cycle of regulating self of this preactivate obtains maximum, this preactivate mechanism is characterised in that: the mobile node in the network is judged the existence of stationary nodes on every side by the preactivate frame that detects the stationary nodes transmission, and the workflow of mobile node may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: node is revived from sleep, opens radio frequency receiver, waits for the preactivate frame;
Step 2: if receive the preactivate frame, node sends information frame by preset program, attempts to finish communication; If node sends the affirmation of receiving stationary nodes behind the information frame of oneself, node just keeps former sleep cycle; Do not confirm that node just enters the preactivate state if the information frame that node sends is fixed node, begin short sleep cycle;
Step 3: mobile node is revived under short sleep quality, attempts to finish communication, and communication is finished and just recovered long sleep cycle; Communication failure just keeps short sleep cycle; The time that mobile node is in short sleep cycle surpasses predefined limit, and node will automatically restore to long sleep cycle.
2. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, not needing between the stationary nodes in this network it is characterized in that communication, do not need communication between the mobile node yet, when mobile node process stationary nodes, must communicate by letter with stationary nodes.
3. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, it is characterized in that the mobile node in the network is kept in motion, battery-powered, finite energy must be in sleep state for a long time and keep low energy consumption.
4. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, it is characterized in that the stationary nodes fixed-site in the network, the electric weight abundance need not enter sleep state, can be in running order always.
5. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, it is characterized in that the relevant information of node is preserved in the mobile node inside in the network, when the stationary nodes that monitors on every side, communicate by letter exchange message with stationary nodes.
6. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, it is characterized in that the mobile node periodically sleep always in the network, the node sleep time is very long with respect to the operating time after being waken up, surpass two to three orders of magnitude, mobile node is always revived after sleep for a long time fast and the very short time of working just enters sleep state once more.
7. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, it is characterized in that the always continual transmission preactivate of the stationary nodes frame in the network arrives space on every side.
8. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, the essence that it is characterized in that the preactivate mechanism of stationary nodes is to expand the coverage of the preactivate frame of stationary nodes, guarantees just to receive the preactivate frame when mobile node fixed distance node is also distant.
9. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, it is characterized in that the size of coverage of the preactivate frame of stationary nodes is determined by the maximum speed of the mobile node motion of default, the radio frequency coverage and the short sleep cycle of mobile node; Its computational methods are to revive and to finish the communication of information frame when mobile node passes through stationary nodes with maximal rate.
10. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, the implementation method that it is characterized in that the described preactivate mechanism of stationary nodes is powerful radiofrequency launcher of installation on stationary nodes, upwards covering than long distance of mobile node, coverage is border circular areas or other shape of omnidirectional.
11. according to the node energy consumption management method of the said radio sensing network of claim 1, the implementation method of described preactivate mechanism that it is characterized in that stationary nodes is for upwards installing mobile node preactivate device at mobile node.
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| CN101932086B (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-11-21 | 北京邮电大学 | Sensor dormancy mechanism integrating dynamic voltage scaling and dynamic energy management |
| CN102170686B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2013-08-14 | 山东省计算中心 | Low-power-consumption multi-path real-time voice communication system based on wireless sensor network and method thereof |
| US9066298B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and apparatus for an alert strategy between modules |
| CN106922011B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2020-10-23 | 深圳长城开发科技股份有限公司 | Wireless centralized meter reading system and management method for controlling low-power-consumption communication |
| CN108963359A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-07 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of WSN node battery self-monitoring system based on LabVIEW |
| CN108990012A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-11 | 佛山市苔藓云链科技有限公司 | A method of an at least node for operation cordless communication network |
| CN109788536B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2022-07-12 | 深圳绿米联创科技有限公司 | Sensor control method, sensor control device, sensor, and storage medium |
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| CN101132595A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2008-02-27 | 清华大学 | Energy management method for wireless network measurement |
| CN101340307A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-01-07 | 厦门大学 | Control mechanism for energy saving of short distance wireless sensor network node |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101340307A (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-01-07 | 厦门大学 | Control mechanism for energy saving of short distance wireless sensor network node |
| CN101132595A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2008-02-27 | 清华大学 | Energy management method for wireless network measurement |
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