CN101569961A - Laser welding method for butting two pieces of metal sheets - Google Patents
Laser welding method for butting two pieces of metal sheets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method for butting two pieces of metal sheets, comprising the following steps: determining the size of facula according to the metal sheets; selecting a corresponding laser welding device and determining welding height according to the size of the facula; closely arranging a first welding guide plate at the initiating end of an abutment joint of the two pieces of metal sheets and arranging a second welding guide plate at the tail end of the abutment joint; with certain welding frequency, single welding energy and certain welding movement speed, carrying out movement and laser release from the first welding position of the first welding guide plate to the second welding position of the second welding guide plate along the abutment joint. The method of the invention ensures the same welding strength at the initial end and other positions of the welding lines, improves welding quality and increases welding strength. The welding lines welded by the method of the invention maintain the same strength property as the parent metal after a plurality times of distortion and tearing, thus having no weak spots in terms of strength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding method, relate in particular to a kind of method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints.
Background technology
All the time, for the welding of thickness less than 0.5 millimeter light sheet material, in the welding process distortion big, starting point is serious with the loss of end point mother metal, so the welding difficulty is big, require harsh soldered boundary to belong to the accurate category that welds.Its welding difficulty is that the thin thickness of material (generally only is several millimeters at zero point, that have in addition less than 0.1mm), very easily be subjected to the influence of each link in the welding process, thereby produce sheet material burn-through phenomenon and temperature distortion, and light sheet material is applied to accurate device more, therefore distortion and weld strength are had strict requirement, especially requiring the seam weldering occasion of sealing, conventional welding manner is difficult to satisfy more.And that pulse laser welding has a weldering spot is little, and welding back distortion is little, and advantages such as smooth welding joint, fineness are so adopt extremely people's the high praise of laser weld mode processing sheet material.
Though the advantage of laser weld is huge, the pulse laser welding processes that adopts at present, there is the deficiency of following aspect in the product of seam postwelding more: 1, welding back smooth welded seam degree is not high, and weld distorts seriously.2, weld seam two ends at the whole story exist mother metal scaling loss, deficient phenomena.3, weld strength is low, is subject to the tearing of external force, impact etc. and ruptures from the commissure.Exist the burn-through weldering to leak phenomenon when 4, welding.5, The initial segment sealing run width is ascending, and whole piece back of weld moulding uniformity is poor, has a strong impact on weld strength.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is exactly in order to overcome above deficiency, to have proposed a kind of method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints that improves weld strength.
Technical problem of the present invention is solved by following technical scheme:
A kind of method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints comprises the steps: to determine spot size according to described sheet metal, selects corresponding laser welding apparatus and determines welding and assembling height according to described spot size; Before the initiating terminal of the abutment joint of two sheet metals, be close to be provided with and first draw the weldering plate, behind described abutment joint end, be close to and be provided with second and draw the weldering plate; Drawing the place, first welding position of welding plate with certain welding frequency, single welding energy and certain welding translational speed since first is sewn to second along described butt joint and draws second welding position of weld plate and locate to move and carry out laser release.
The depth-to-width ratio of the thickness/pulse laser of described spot diameter 〉=sheet metal.
Described laser welding apparatus is the optical fiber machine, and according to optical fiber, collimating mirror and the focus lamp of D1=D2*f1/f2 selection optical fiber machine, wherein D1 is the diameter of hot spot, and D2 is the diameter of optical fiber, the focal length that f1 is focus lamp, and f2 is the focal length of collimating mirror.
Described welding and assembling height is determined by the following method: make the focal length of the distance on focus lamp and welding plane greater than focus lamp; Choose suitable energy, sample is carried out spot welding, and when welding, reduce the distance on focus lamp and welding plane gradually, obtain flame height and weldering spot size simultaneously; Near the flame height highest point, carry out test weld repeatedly, relatively weld the spot size, select the position of weldering spot minimum promptly to be defined as welding and assembling height.
Described laser welding apparatus is hard light path machine, and described welding and assembling height is determined by described spot diameter.
The time t that discharges described single welding energy is: L＜0.1mm, t≤1.0ms; 0.1mm≤L＜0.3mm, t≤3ms; 0.3mm≤L＜0.5mm, t≤5ms; Wherein L is the thickness of sheet metal.
The peak power of described single welding energy is determined by the following method:
31) peak power is made as less energy and specimen surface carried out spot welding;
32) increase peak power and specimen surface carried out spot welding, observe back of the body trace moulding situation, do not have the metal generation of splashing at every turn in the time of when increasing peak power, should guaranteeing to weld;
33) when the moulding of spot welding back of the body trace surpasses preset value, stop to increase peak power, otherwise return 32);
34) stitch weldering at the abutment joint place, observe back of the body trace moulding situation;
35) as back of the body trace moulding less than the corresponding increase peak power of welding requirements and return 34), as carry on the back the trace moulding and reduce peak power and return 34 greater than welding requirements is corresponding), as back of the body trace moulding degree reach welding requirements promptly determine current peak power be as described in the peak power of single welding energy.
Described welding frequency is selected the highest frequency value that laser welding apparatus allowed; Described welding translational speed is determined by following formula: welding translational speed=spot diameter * Duplication * welding frequency.
Described first draws weldering plate, second, and to draw the material of weld plate identical with described sheet metal, and described first draws and weld plate, second to draw the thickness that welds plate identical with described sheet metal.
The length of cumulative section of initiating terminal weld width when place, described first welding position connects greater than test weld apart from the distance of described weld seam initiating terminal, place, described second welding position apart from the distance of described weld seam end greater than 5 weldering spot diameter distances.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is compared with the prior art is: the present invention draws the phenomenon that the weldering plate can be avoided welding initial stage weldering spot weak strength fully by increasing by first, can make starting point when welding, reach thermal equilibrium state by drawing to weld to be provided with, eliminated the consumption of low-temperature metal to laser energy, make the energy process that is applied to the deposite metal as much as possible, thereby guaranteed that its elsewhere intensity of starting point and weld seam is identical, improve welding quality, increased the intensity of welding.The weld seam that adopts the present invention's welding is through repeatedly twisting, keeping and mother metal same intensity characteristic no strength weak point when tearing.
Adopt the present invention can also eliminate the generation of welding the hole crackle fully, owing to having second to draw the existence of welding plate, the end weldering is cheated can be drawn by second when welding and is welded the filling of plate molten metal, thereby has eliminated the influence of terminal weldering hole crackle to whole welding line intensity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 draws the placement schematic diagram that welds plate in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is an available single welding energy waveform schematic diagram when welding steel in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is an available single welding energy waveform schematic diagram when welding aluminium in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is to use the back of the body trace schematic diagram of the The initial segment after the prior art welding;
The deficient phenomena schematic diagram that Fig. 5 is to use prior art welding back to exist;
After being to use the present invention to weld, Fig. 6 prevents the effect schematic diagram that lacks;
The burn-through phenomenon schematic diagram that Fig. 7 is to use prior art welding back to exist;
After being to use the present invention to weld, Fig. 8 prevents the effect schematic diagram of burn-through.
The specific embodiment
Also in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further details below by concrete embodiment.
A kind of method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints comprises the steps:
The first step: determine suitable spot size according to described sheet metal, select corresponding laser welding apparatus and determine welding and assembling height according to described spot size.
As no specific (special) requirements, laser facula should be as far as possible little when adopting the present invention to weld, and the thermal deformation that heating surface area causes greatly when preventing to weld is excessive, but hot spot should cover the abutment joint of two sheet metals fully and leave a small amount of surplus as about 1/3rd.Particularly, the depth-to-width ratio of the thickness/pulse laser of laser spot diameter 〉=sheet metal.Usually, after sheet metal such as stainless steel and aluminium alloy utilizes the pulse laser welding, the degree of depth of weld seam and width ratio can be because of laser welding apparatus different slightly variant, can decide with reference to the solder joint characteristic of concrete equipment and metal when being provided with, usually as no specific (special) requirements for depth-to-width ratio can be decided to be 1: 1.Want to realize thin plate fusion fully up and down, suppose that depth-to-width ratio is that 1: 1 spot diameter should be more than or equal to the thickness of sheet metal.Calculate after the minimum hot spot value our surplus a little, allow laser spot diameter be a bit larger tham sheet metal thickness.Prevent because the gross energy that material heat radiation or other factors cause reduces the not enough phenomenon of the depth of weld that produces.
When described laser welding apparatus was the optical fiber machine, according to optical fiber, collimating mirror and the focus lamp of D1=D2*f1/f2 selection optical fiber machine, wherein D1 was the diameter of hot spot, and D2 is the diameter of optical fiber, the focal length that f1 is focus lamp, and f2 is the focal length of collimating mirror.Because the focal length of focus lamp is long more, the energy wild effect that factor such as shaken when helping preventing to weld more causes is so should select the focus lamp of long-focus as far as possible under the condition that allows.At this moment, described welding and assembling height (being the distance on focus lamp and welding plane) should be the focal length of focus lamp as far as possible, to guarantee the stability of energy.The method of concrete definite welding and assembling height is as follows: make the focal length of the distance on focus lamp and welding plane greater than focus lamp; (any energy waveform gets final product to choose suitable energy, but energy can not be excessive), sample is carried out spot welding, and (frequency can not be too high, so that observe the flame height and the weldering spot size of welding), and when welding, reduce focus lamp and the distance of welding the plane gradually, observe flame height and weldering spot size simultaneously; Near the flame height highest point, carry out test weld repeatedly, relatively weld the spot size, select the position of weldering spot minimum promptly to be defined as welding and assembling height.
When described laser welding apparatus is hard light path machine, adjusts spot size and need determine with the height on welding plane by adjusting focus lamp.Therefore when determining spot size, finished the adjustment of welding and assembling height.Be that the surface effect that obtains should be determined to adjust in positive out of focus scope when being provided with.Determine spot size by observing the weldering spot diameter that test weld at differing heights connects sample.
Second step: as shown in Figure 1, before the initiating terminal of the abutment joint of two sheet metals 1,2, be close to be provided with and first draw weldering plate 3, behind the abutment joint end, be close to and be provided with second and draw weldering plate 4.
Choose identical with the sheet metal material weldering plate that draws as far as possible, its thickness as far as possible with the consistency of thickness of sheet metal guaranteeing identical thermal conduction characteristic, in order to form the thermally-stabilised zone identical, the uniformity of raising weld seam when the welding with sheet metal.First draws weldering plate 3, second draws weldering plate 4 beginning, the end that fit tightly respectively in the sheet metal abutment joint and can guarantee that heat conduction is good.First draws weldering plate 3 and second, and to draw the height that welds plate 4 identical with the height of described sheet metal abutment joint.
The above-mentioned first step, second step there is no the sequencing requirement, and the operator can be according to the actual conditions selecting sequence.
The 3rd step: draw the place, first welding position of weld plate with certain welding frequency, single welding energy and welding translational speed since first and be sewn to second along butt joint and draw second welding position of welding plate and locate to move and carry out laser release.
Can choose corresponding single welding energy waveform according to the material of sheet metal.If sheet metal is steel, can select first waveform shown in Figure 2 for use, that is: in the t1 period, energy rises to first power from 0; In the t2 period, energy remains on first power; Energy decreases is 0 when the t2 period finishes.If sheet metal is an aluminium, can select second waveform shown in Figure 3 for use, that is: in the t1 period, energy rises to first power from 0; In the t2 period, energy remains on first power; In the t3 period, energy decreases to the second power; In the t4 period, energy decreases to the three power; Energy decreases is 0 when the t4 period finishes.
Since after the following material welding of 0.5mm thickness very easily because of discharging time (pulsewidth) excessive the deforming of single welding energy, so when the described sheet metal of welding, should rationally choose the time that discharges the single welding energy according to thickness.Through test of many times and summary: the time t that discharges described single welding energy is: L＜0.1mm, t≤1.0ms; 0.1mm≤L＜0.3mm, t≤3ms; 0.3mm≤L＜0.5mm, t≤5ms; Wherein L is the thickness of sheet metal.As strict, when selecting the time (pulsewidth) of release single welding energy, should in optional scope, select little pulsewidth to deformation requirements as far as possible.
The peak power of described single welding energy is determined by the following method:
31), peak power is made as less energy and specimen surface carried out spot welding.Can use above determined waveform and pwm value.
32), increase peak power and specimen surface carried out spot welding, observe back of the body trace moulding situation, do not have the metal generation of splashing in the time of when increasing peak power, should guaranteeing to weld at every turn.
33), when the moulding of spot welding back of the body trace surpasses preset value (comparatively obvious), stop to increase peak power, otherwise return 32).
34), stitch weldering at the abutment joint place, observation back of the body trace moulding situation.
35), as back of the body trace moulding less than the corresponding increase peak power of welding requirements and return 34), as carry on the back the trace moulding and reduce peak power and return 34 greater than welding requirements is corresponding), as back of the body trace moulding degree reach welding requirements promptly determine current peak power be as described in the peak power of single welding energy.
The peak power of determining welding by above-mentioned steps can realize seal welding, prevents the coarse phenomenon of the face of weld that causes because of energy is excessive simultaneously.
After peak power is determined, because the rated power of the laser instrument of laser welding apparatus is a fixed value, so allow the high reps (welding frequency) of output just to be fixed in the unit interval.The present invention adopts high-speed high frequency rate welding, so weld under the highest frequency value that should be chosen in laser welding apparatus and allowed as far as possible.
Described welding translational speed is determined by following formula: welding translational speed=spot diameter * solder joint Duplication * welding frequency.As do not have specific (special) requirements, the solder joint Duplication should be made as about 50% to guarantee the sealing of weld seam.
The length of place, described first welding position cumulative section of initiating terminal weld width during apart from the connecing greater than test weld apart from d1 of described weld seam initiating terminal is defined as initiating terminal after the length of cumulative section of initiating terminal weld width increases by 10% in the time of for example test weld can being connect and draws weldering length d 1.Place, described second welding position welds the spot diameter distances apart from the distance of described weld seam end greater than 5.This can improve welding efficiency.
Beneficial effect concrete analysis of the present invention is as follows:
A) improve weld strength, especially weld spot The initial segment intensity.
In the existing welding manner, the weld start position place is because welding initial stage material self-temperature is lower, and laser at first will be heated to cryogenic material higher temperature and promptly resist the heat that the conduction of material heat is taken away, and high-temperature material is heated to dissolve afterwards and finishes welding.This process welding energy mainly consumes in three kinds of modes: 1), the heating low-temperature metal to higher temperature.2), melt and finish welding.3), metal (metal of next welding position) around the preheating solder joint.Along with constantly carrying out of welding, the temperature of place, welding position material can be heated to certain altitude, and forms certain thermal balance zone around in the welding position.This moment, first kind of energy that mode consumed can be much smaller than the welding initial stage, and the energy of this part will go in the second way and consume, and promptly dissolve material and finish welding.So in prior welding mode, weld the more abundant of later stage material fusing with welding preliminary phase ratio, corresponding weld strength is also higher.Because the material used up energy that dispels the heat is a fixed value after forming thermal balance, and the laser energy that at every turn applies is a fixed value, also is fixed so be used for the energy of deposite metal, and the weld strength that obtains also is a fixed value.As shown in Figure 4, the phenomenon that The initial segment intensity is lower can be embodied on back of the body trace.Welding initial stage back of the body trace is thinner as seen from Figure 4, only shows as slight projection in starting point, carries on the back trace and broadens gradually and be shaped obviously gradually along with welding, finally is stabilized to certain width.The intensity at welding initial stage is more serious to the bulk strength influence, because the more weak starting point that easily becomes whole sheet material breakage under external force of its intensity becomes the key that improves integral solder intensity so how to eliminate the weldering spot initial stage than weak part.Adopt the weld seam of prior art welding cracking phenomena occur at the weld seam center through meeting after repeatedly twisting, tearing.
The present invention draws the phenomenon that the weldering plate can be avoided welding initial stage weldering spot weak strength fully by increasing by first, can make starting point when welding, reach thermal equilibrium state by drawing to weld to be provided with, eliminated the consumption of low-temperature metal to laser energy, make the energy process that is applied to the deposite metal as much as possible, thereby guaranteed that its elsewhere intensity of starting point and weld seam is identical, improve welding quality, increased the intensity of welding.The weld seam that adopts the present invention's welding is through repeatedly twisting, keeping and mother metal same intensity characteristic no strength weak point when tearing.
B) crackle is cheated in the weldering of eliminating weldering spot terminal point.
So the liquid metal of solder joint outer peripheral areas is owing to combine heat radiation comparatively fast with solder joint low temperature solid metallic all around, therefore the speed that metal cools off, solidifies after the welding is also fast than the solder joint central area, and can be during liquid metal solidification to solid metallic direction absorption all around and cooled and solidified, so cooling back, solder joint center metal is minimum and the formation depression produces the weldering hole.So weldering center, hole has the micro-crack generation because the less internal stress in addition of metal is concentrated, weldering hole micro-crack very easily becomes the crackle extended source under the effect that external impacts is arranged or tear, make the continuous expansion of crackle finally cause welding seam breaking, resist the generation that the intensity of external impacts must avoid welding the hole crackle so want to improve weld seam.
Because the seal welding spot pitch is closeer, the weldering hole crackle that a bit produces before next solder joint place molten metal liquid just can cover and eliminate in the welding process, so existence of solderless hole crackle in the middle of the weld seam, but do not weld the hole owing to there is metal to cover last at the place, end, therefore can leave the weldering hole crackle that to eliminate at the weld seam end, this also becomes the low hidden danger of weld strength, so will improve the weldering hole crackle that weld strength must be eliminated weld seam end in the traditional handicraft.
Adopt the present invention can eliminate the generation of welding the hole crackle fully, owing to having second to draw the existence of welding plate, the end weldering is cheated can be drawn by second when welding and is welded the filling of plate molten metal, thereby has eliminated the influence of terminal weldering hole crackle to whole welding line intensity.
C) the metal disappearance of elimination weld seam first and last end
Impulsive force owing to pulse laser in welding process is bigger, behind the metal molten can with the impact direction of laser to around diffusion, the degree of diffusion is determined by pulse strength, if can splashing to form in the air, the very big liquid metal of pulse strength splashes, when reducing pulse strength, the trend that metal splashes can weaken, and the fact shows can eliminate the metal splash phenomena after adjusting to suitable intensity, but the metal of molten condition still oriented around the trend of diffusion.As there being solid metallic to stop around the metal that melts, its trend that flows can be subjected to the inhibition of solid metallic, degree to external diffusion is not obvious, but when the edge of welding position at material, because direction does not have the solid metallic existence beyond the edge, the liquid metal that melts can outwards splash with the impulsive force of laser under expedite situation, produces deficient phenomena.General in thin plate seal weld for guaranteeing the sealing of material, the penetration impulsive force of pulse laser is generally bigger, so prior art welding back weld seam first and last end metal disappearance is comparatively obvious, this is a kind of phenomenon of occurring of not wishing, also is unavoidable.Because there is a large amount of internal stress in weld seam disappearance place more, can produce bead crack after internal stress is released under the effect of external force in addition, this also is a low reason of prior art postwelding weld strength.Fig. 5 shows the deficient phenomena that prior art exists.
As shown in Figure 6, adopt the present invention can avoid the above phenomenon of weld strength that is unfavorable for to occur fully, can prevent the diffusion of liquid metal outside weld seam fully by drawing the weldering plate, eliminate the deficient phenomena of first and last end metal, improve welding effect in the installation of weld seam two ends at the whole story.
D) prevent that pattern of fever from becoming
Thermal accumlation caused when the type of welding back weld seam near zone became mainly owing to welding, seam deformation will be serious when the thermal accumlation zone is big, so reduce welding deformation mainly is exactly the area size that reduces the thermal accumlation district, realizes by following three methods in the present invention:
1, reduces the size of injecting energy.
Realize reducing the purpose of injecting the energy size by accurately controlling peak power in the present invention, comparison test weld by repeatedly connects effect and revises peak power, make welding energy reach the penetration material just and finish welding, prevent to exist unnecessary energy heating material to cause distortion.
2, reduce heat time heating time.
The present invention fetches by little pulsewidth and High Speed Welding and realizes the minimizing purpose of heat time heating time.
3, reduce heating surface (area) (HS and neighboring area, the thermal treatment zone.
The present invention realizes reducing the purpose of heating surface (area) (HS by the control spot size, utilizes the depth-to-width ratio of pulse laser welded seam to determine to finish the minimum hot spot of welding, reaches the effect of minimum bonding area.
E) guarantee the weld seam uniformity
The present invention draws weld seam by the unstable section weldering spot that will weld the initial stage and improves weldquality, in addition because metal material all can exist the pattern of fever of trace to become when heating, height change on the heat time heating time long more thin plate docking location also can be big more, therefore also will introduce the unstability of energy.Reduce the interference of energy destabilizing factor in the present invention by following dual mode: 1, adopt the focus lamp of long-focus, because the focus head of long-focus is insensitive to the variation of height, so have the effect of stabilized lasers energy preferably.2, adopt high-speed welding, because thermal deformation is a process that forms gradually, therefore can when also not reaching maximum, amplitude of deformation flee from deformed region by the mode that improves speed of welding, the purpose that realization is welded at sustained height as far as possible, high-speed welding has the effect of killing two birds with one stone having guaranteed that the conforming while also improved production efficiency.
F) prevent burn-through
The burn-through phenomenon is welded the complete penetration of back sheet material in order to guarantee in the prior art mainly because single-point energy is provided with excessive causing, and is generally that the single-point energy setting is bigger, so the burn-through probability is higher.Fig. 7 shows the burn-through phenomenon of using prior art to exist.The present invention makes welding energy just finish the process of metal molten, combination, thereby prevents that gathering of excess energy from having prevented the generation of burn-through phenomenon preferably by the size of accurate control laser single-point energy.Fig. 8 shows and uses welding effect schematic diagram of the present invention, has prevented the generation of burn-through phenomenon preferably.
Aborning, also can accurately adjust as the case may be behind the use said method.
1, adjusts face of weld effect, elimination burn-through phenomenon
As it is coarse or have the burn-through phenomenon to exist to weld the spot surface effect, can progressively reduce the peak power of the single welding energy of having set and on sample test weld connect, but each amplitude of adjusting should be controlled at former laser energy 5% in, excessive to prevent to adjust.
2, adjust back of the body trace
Back of the body trace situation is the seal degree and the weld strength of weld seam after the Reaction Welding intuitively.Usually to guarantee the fusion fully up and down of weld seam sealing and material, should guarantee during debugging that back side vestige is clear and continuous.
Have non-continuous event as the solder joint of back of weld back of the body trace, then should progressively increase setting the single welding energy peak power and on sample test weld connect, should be controlled in 5% for guaranteeing the each change amount of accuracy.
Comparatively serious as the back of weld vestige, the peak power of the single welding energy that then can reduce to set and on sample test weld connect, its change amount should be controlled in 5%.
3, adjust sealing
As weld back product back of the body trace and surface effect well only sealing do not reach when requiring, can suitably increase the Duplication of solder joint.Its recruitment can not be excessive, should be controlled at former setting value 10% in, excessive to prevent increment, counting of increasing in the unit length too much causes thermal accumlation excessive, causes excessive sweating heat distortion, influences welding effect.
Above content be in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation to further describing that the present invention did, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints is characterized in that comprising the steps: determining spot size according to described sheet metal, selects corresponding laser welding apparatus and determines welding and assembling height according to described spot size;
Before the initiating terminal of the abutment joint of two sheet metals, be close to and be provided with first and draw to be close to behind weldering plate, the end and be provided with second and draw the weldering plate at described abutment joint;
Drawing the place, first welding position of welding plate with certain welding frequency, single welding energy and certain welding translational speed since first is sewn to second along described butt joint and draws second welding position of weld plate and locate to move and carry out laser release.
2. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the depth-to-width ratio of the thickness/pulse laser of described spot diameter 〉=sheet metal.
3. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described laser welding apparatus is the optical fiber machine, select optical fiber, collimating mirror and the focus lamp of optical fiber machine according to D1=D2*f1/f2, wherein D1 is the diameter of hot spot, D2 is the diameter of optical fiber, the focal length that f1 is focus lamp, and f2 is the focal length of collimating mirror.
4. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described welding and assembling height is determined by the following method:
Make the focal length of the distance on focus lamp and welding plane greater than focus lamp;
Choose suitable energy, sample is carried out spot welding, and when welding, reduce the distance on focus lamp and welding plane gradually, obtain flame height and weldering spot size simultaneously;
Near the flame height highest point, carry out test weld repeatedly, relatively weld the spot size, select the position of weldering spot minimum promptly to be defined as welding and assembling height.
5. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described laser welding apparatus is hard light path machine, described welding and assembling height is determined by described spot diameter.
6. according to the arbitrary described method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the time t that discharges described single welding energy is: L＜0.1mm, t≤1.0ms; 0.1mm≤L＜0.3mm, t≤3ms; 0.3mm≤L＜0.5mm, t≤5ms; Wherein L is the thickness of sheet metal.
7. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the peak power of described single welding energy is determined by the following method:
31) peak power is made as less energy and specimen surface carried out spot welding;
32) increase peak power and specimen surface carried out spot welding, observe back of the body trace moulding situation, do not have the metal generation of splashing at every turn in the time of when increasing peak power, should guaranteeing to weld;
33) when the moulding of spot welding back of the body trace surpasses preset value, stop to increase peak power, otherwise return 32);
34) stitch weldering at the abutment joint place, observe back of the body trace moulding situation;
35) as back of the body trace moulding less than the corresponding increase peak power of welding requirements and return 34), as carry on the back the trace moulding and reduce peak power and return 34 greater than welding requirements is corresponding), as back of the body trace moulding degree reach welding requirements promptly determine current peak power be as described in the peak power of single welding energy.
8. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described welding frequency is selected the highest frequency value that laser welding apparatus allowed; Described welding translational speed is determined by following formula: welding translational speed=spot diameter * Duplication * welding frequency.
9. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described first draws weldering plate, second, and to draw the material of weld plate identical with described sheet metal, and described first draws and weld plate, second to draw the thickness that welds plate identical with described sheet metal.
10. the method for laser welding that makes two sheet metal butt joints according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the length of cumulative section of initiating terminal weld width when place, described first welding position connects greater than test weld apart from the distance of described weld seam initiating terminal, place, described second welding position apart from the distance of described weld seam end greater than 5 weldering spot diameter distances.
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Cited By (17)
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| CN111682158B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-11-01 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Tab welding structure, battery and electronic product |
| CN115008000A (en) * | 2022-06-12 | 2022-09-06 | 吉林大学 | Laser welding method of Nd-YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) of magnesium alloy sheet based on pulse overlapping rate and preheating combined regulation |
| CN114850672A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-05 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Method for determining welding distance of laser welding equipment |
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