CN101569263A - Granary lateral ventilation method and system thereof - Google Patents
Granary lateral ventilation method and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101569263A CN101569263A CNA2009100850931A CN200910085093A CN101569263A CN 101569263 A CN101569263 A CN 101569263A CN A2009100850931 A CNA2009100850931 A CN A2009100850931A CN 200910085093 A CN200910085093 A CN 200910085093A CN 101569263 A CN101569263 A CN 101569263A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a granary lateral ventilation method and a system thereof. In the invention, a ventilation tunnel is arranged on the inside wall of the granary which covers a sealing film on the surface of grain, lateral ventilation is carried out on all grain piles in the granary. Compared with cage on the ground and geosyncline vertical ventilation system in the granary, the ventilation tunnels are small in quantity, ventilation way ratio is small, ventilation uniformity is good, ventilation dead corner is hardly existed, ventilation efficiency is high and energy consumption is low. Besides, installation or disassemble of cage on the ground for transporting the grain in and out in the prior art is avoided. The grain terrace is not provided with a ventilation tunnel in any form and the terrace is complete, thus being convenient for mechanized grain transportation, lowering the labor intensity of grain transporter and saving time for grain transportation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of granary lateral ventilation method and system thereof, belong to agricultural machinery engineering, agro-product processing and storage engineering and grain and oil storage field of engineering technology.
Background technology
The force ventilation technology is as one of newly-built grain depot of traditional grain storage technology and China 1998 " four grain storage new technologies ", in modern grain depot, obtained utilization widely, the grain storage ventilating system of using mainly is made up of with the storehouse of filling grain the ventilating duct of ventilation blower and silo ground configuration at present, major function is to utilize ventilation blower that extraneous Cryogenic air is piled by grain, reduces cereal temperature.Except above-mentioned functions, system also has the gentle effect that reduces or increase grain moisture content of balanced grain, this system can also be shared by grain cooling machine, phosphine recirculation fumigation machine and controlled atmosphere grain storage equipment simultaneously, implement that cereal cools, modern grain storage technology such as recirculation fumigation desinsection and air-conditioning storing grain, therefore, grain storage ventilating system is one of the modern grain warehouse equipment that must be equipped with and facility.
It is when ambient temperature is lower than cereal temperature that the generality of grain storage ventilating system is used, utilize ventilation blower that Cryogenic air is pressed into the grain heap from horizontally disposed ventilating duct in ground, air-flow vertically or is vertically piled by grain, pass through heat exchange again, in air, high temperature air is discharged from the grain face, is discharged in the atmosphere by the storehouse window with the heat of grain or water transport, reach the purpose that reduces cereal temperature in the silo, be commonly called as the up or forced ventilation of air-flow; Perhaps ventilation blower is from ventilating duct sucking-off air, and Cryogenic air is entered by grain heap surface, and through heat exchange, high temperature air is the discharge of ventilating duct in ground from horizontally disposed, is discharged in the atmosphere, reaches the purpose that reduces the grain temperature, is commonly called as the descending or ventilation by low pressure of air-flow.No matter adopt which kind of draft type, the draft liquid form all is vertical direction, can be called rectilinear method of ventilation because of at present.
These are based on the grain storage ventilating system of rectilinear method of ventilation, ventilating duct mainly adopts geosyncline or ground cage type formula, horizontally disposed and be installed in ground, warehouse, the air approach is than generally about 1.5, how to connect 1-5 ventilating duct with a ventilation road junction, be commonly called as " machine together " or " a machine multiple tracks ", as " machine four roads ".Because the air approach is bigger, exist dead corner during actual ventilating, it is inhomogeneous to lower the temperature, and cooling rate waits problem slowly.For addressing the above problem, increase ventilation blindly, or the unreasonable energy consumption that causes again ventilating of design parameter and equipment configuration is big, the back grain moisture content loss of ventilating is serious, has increased the grain storage cost, can influence stored grain quality in the time of seriously.In addition,, be furnished with the certain altitude Ground ventilating cage on the terrace, also can have influence on the mechanical work of turnover grain, influenced the speed of turnover grain for adopting the grain storage warehouse of cage ventilating duct on the ground.
Grain heap grain face gland plastic film and some heat-insulation and heat-preservation materials that a proprietary technology of present China foodstuff preservation is a silo, main effect is the air-tightness that improves stifling and controlled atmosphere, also has the effect of the insulation that keeps grain heap low temperature and reduces the effect of grain storage loss of water.When foodstuff pest harm problem appears in storage period, can implement phosphine fumigation and rich nitrogen hypoxemia desinsection under the film; Being equipped with the geosyncline or the silo of the rectilinear ventilating system of cage on the ground, in case the grain heating between grain gland maintaining period, occurs, just need open plastic film and high temperature insulating material earlier, aeration-cooling again, press mold and epiphragma again after the end of ventilating; As to autumn and winter season, reduce the grain temperature for utilizing natural low temperature to ventilate, all be to take off film earlier, carry out aeration-coolingly again, can't realize not taking off cooling in film winter and ventilate, and it is bigger to take off membrane operations labour intensity.If in the grain heap of vertical ventilation system is housed, will realize not taking off the stifling and cold operation of paddy of zona stream, then must go into the horizontal ventilation shaft of layout in grain is piled under film after the grain, waste a large amount of manpower and materials and time.
The Chinese patent that on November 23rd, 2005 submitted to, patent publication No. is that CN1840974A discloses ventilation unit and method thereof under a kind of horizontal warehouse low-temperature grain storage film, this patent is by ventilating to grain heap upper strata " laterally return air forms the closed loop method ", principal character is: ventilation duct 9 and 11 horizontal positioned in a grain heap, grain heap upper strata under the film of 0.8～1.5 meter of grain film; The surface cooler that b only is used for refrigeration machine provides cold air to carry out the superficial circulation ventilation; The c function is to make " only by about about the one meter thickness in grain heap upper strata, the volume that ventilates at the grain heap is the high-temperature region, upper strata of the sixth of vertical aeration volume to cold air ", reduces top layer grain temperature.Therefore, utilize this device can not put in order problem such as circulation and non-circulatory flow ventilation under the grain heap film of storehouse, and this method Uniform Ventilation is relatively poor, so this patent can not substitute vertical or vertical method of ventilation and system.Do not transforming or increasing under the situation of miscellaneous equipment, can not carry out other grain storage operation of the horizontal return air recirculation fumigation desinsection and the air-conditioning storing grain of phosphine and rich nitrogen hypoxemia whole Cang Liangdui.And the ajutage in this patent, backwind tube and inserting tube all do not contact with Cang Qiang, promptly are not fixed on the Cang Qiang, perhaps need the limit to go into the grain limit and are provided with, and perhaps are provided with after the loading, can increase the grain storage working strength like this.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of granary lateral ventilating system, this system in the relative storehouse of the silo two of grain face gland seal film within the walls side ventilating duct is installed, and silo ground does not need to arrange cage ventilating duct on the ground, avoids being turnover grain installation or removal ground cage ventilating duct at every turn.Can also when silo is built, save the turn up the soil expense of groove of terrace, also avoid turnover grain to damage air distributor.The silo terrace does not have any type of ventilating duct, and terrace is complete, and clear has no effect to grain turnover storehouse operation, helps the operation of mechanization turnover grain, reduces turnover grain personnel labor, saves the turnover grain time.
Another technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of granary lateral ventilation method, and this method draft lateral flow can be carried out the transversal ventilation operation to whole Cang Liangdui.Compare with geosyncline vertical ventilation system with ground cage in the storehouse, ventilating duct air channel quantity is few, and intake path is than little, and Uniform Ventilation is good, does not almost have dead corner, the drafting efficiency height, and energy consumption is low.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of granary lateral ventilating system provided by the invention, comprise sealer, the sealing of silo, ventilating duct, ventilation road junction, grain heap surface coverage grain heap in bulk, be located at the outer ventilation blower of silo; Two gables of described silo or two vertical sides within the walls are provided with ventilating duct, this ventilating duct is connected with ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang of its same side, and this ventilating duct is provided with air vent, and the described outer ventilation blower of silo of being located at is connected with a side ventilation road junction by interface or is connected with the ventilation road junction of silo both sides by interface and reflux line.
The height of described ventilating duct is lower than 10～1000 millimeters of grain stack heights.
Described ventilating duct is made of a main ventilation road and a ventilating duct, described main ventilation road is connected with ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang of its same side, and at least one ventilating duct is set on the described main ventilation road, this ventilating duct is that cross sectional shape is semicircle, square, circular or leg-of-mutton pipeline, its diameter or width are 100～1000 millimeters, and this ventilating duct and ground are vertical setting, are horizontally disposed with or is obliquely installed.
Described ventilating duct can also be entire wall standard-sized sheet cellular type ventilating duct, this ventilating duct spiral-lock is on two gables or two vertical walls, its surface is provided with air vent, and the aperture of this air vent is less than the grain grain, described ventilating duct is connected with ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang of its same side, the surface lies metope 50-1000 millimeter of this ventilating duct, and this ventilating duct and ground are vertical setting.
Its cross sectional shape of described ventilation road junction is circular, square or rectangle.
The invention provides a kind of granary lateral ventilation method, comprising:
(1) in the silo with transversal ventilation system, with the upper surface gland seal thing of grain in bulk, the air-tightness of grain heap in bulk requires to reach the pressure of negative 300Pa, and the half life period was greater than 40 seconds;
(2) the negative pressure section air inlet of ventilation blower links to each other with ventilation road junction on the side Cang Qiang, open ventilation blower, Cryogenic air outside the storehouse enters ventilating duct by the ventilation road junction of opposite side Cang Qiang, this Cryogenic air is gone in the grain heap from the side transverse scattering of grain in bulk, mix with the damp-heat air in the grain heap, and the inside sucking-off that the negative pressure that ventilation blower the produces damp-heat air that the grain heap is inner is piled from grain by ventilating duct, ventilation road junction is carried out sucking-off formula transversal ventilation and is reduced the operation of grain temperature.
The invention provides another kind of granary lateral ventilation method, comprising:
(1) in the silo with transversal ventilation system, with the upper surface gland seal thing of grain in bulk, the air-tightness of grain heap in bulk requires to reach the pressure of negative 300Pa, and the half life period was greater than 40 seconds;
(2) the malleation section air outlet of ventilation blower links to each other with the ventilation road junction of a side, open ventilation blower, the malleation that ventilation blower produces with the Cryogenic air outside the storehouse by the plenum ventilation road, ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang, this Cryogenic air is gone in the grain heap from the side transverse scattering of grain in bulk, the damp-heat air inner with the grain heap mixes, and passes the grain heap, arrives the opposite side of grain heap, discharge from the ventilation road junction after entering the ventilating duct of opposite side Cang Qiang, carry out forced transversal ventilation and reduce the operation of grain temperature.
The present invention also provides a kind of granary lateral ventilation method, comprising:
(1) in the silo with transversal ventilation system, with the upper surface gland seal thing of grain in bulk, the air-tightness of grain heap in bulk requires to reach the pressure of negative 300Pa, and the half life period was greater than 40 seconds;
(2) ventilation blower is continuous with the ventilation road junction on the relative both sides Cang Qiang by reflux line, opens ventilation blower, carries out the cross current ventilation and reduces and the operation of balanced grain temperature.
The major advantage of granary lateral ventilation method of the present invention and system thereof is:
1, the present invention can solve chamber storehouse upstream or downstream vertical ventilation problem of non-uniform, by on the silo wall, ventilating duct being installed, the draft lateral flow, increased the mobile distance of draft in the grain heap, intake path is than little, and Uniform Ventilation is good, reduced dead corner, the drafting efficiency height is compared with geosyncline vertical ventilation system with ground cage in the storehouse, and ventilating duct quantity reduces.
2, the present invention can solve cage and the operation of geosyncline ventilating duct influence turnover grain on the ground, and pass in and out grain at every turn and all need install and remove, troublesome poeration, turnover grain easily damages problems such as ground ventilating duct by pressure.The present invention since the ventilating duct of ventilating system be installed on the Cang Qiang, the one, silo ground does not need to arrange cage ventilating duct on the ground, does not need to mount and dismount cage ventilating duct on the ground for turnover grain at every turn; The 2nd, silo is saved the turn up the soil expense of groove of terrace when building, also avoided turnover grain to damage air distributor.The silo terrace does not have any type of ventilating duct, and terrace is complete, and clear has no effect to grain turnover storehouse operation, helps the operation of mechanization turnover grain, reduces turnover grain personnel labor, saves the turnover grain time.
3, the present invention can solve the grain storage in winter and not take off film cooling ventilating problem.Utilize winter low temperature, use ventilation blower not take off the grain temperature that the film ventilation reduces whole Cang Liangdui, ventilation blower is connected with ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang, take ventilation by low pressure, under grain face sealed by film grain storage condition, the air that the sucking-off temperature is higher, the outside air that inlet temperature is lower reduces the grain storage temperature gradually.Avoid vertical or vertical ventilation need open film, also wanted the gland film after the grain temperature drop is low, reduced labour intensity and operating cost greatly.
4, utilize ventilating system of the present invention, the malleation section of ventilation blower is connected with the ventilating duct of negative pressure section with relative both sides Cang Qiang, carry out all gentle cooling operation of cross current.
5, utilize ventilating system of the present invention, realize the problem that practices of multinomial energy-saving and environmental protecting grain storage technology and equipment.Do not need ventilating system is transformed, only need ventilation blower is replaced with Gu Lengji, phosphine recirculation fumigation machine or falls the oxygen and filling nitrogen machine, just can put in order laterally cooling of return air circulation and the samming ventilation of Gu Lengji (or refrigeration machine) of Cang Liangdui, the horizontal return air recirculation fumigation of the phosphine desinsection of whole Cang Liangdui, the perhaps horizontal return air circulation of the rich nitrogen hypoxemia air-conditioning storing grain of whole Cang Liangdui.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the A-A view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation among the embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is the A-A view of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further, but content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1: transversal ventilation reduces the operation of grain temperature
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, granary lateral ventilating system provided by the invention comprises that silo 1, ventilating duct 2 (comprise main ventilation road 21 and prop up ventilating duct 22), a plurality of ventilations road junction 3, grain are piled the sealing film 4 of surface coverage, the grain in bulk of sealing is piled 5, is located at the outer ventilation blower 6 of silo; Two vertical wall 11 inboards at described silo 1 are provided with ventilating duct 2, the height of described ventilating duct 2 is lower than 10～1000 millimeters of grain heap 5 height, this ventilating duct 2 is made of a main ventilation road 21 and a ventilating duct 22, described main ventilation road 21 is connected with ventilation road junction 3 on its storehouse, the same side wall 11, at least one ventilating duct 22 is set on this main ventilation road 21, this ventilating duct 22 is that cross sectional shape is circular pipeline, and its surface is provided with air vent 221, and this ventilating duct 22 is vertical setting with ground.Described ventilation road junction 3 its cross sectional shapes are circular or square, and the described outer ventilation blower 6 of silo of being located at is connected with a side ventilation road junction 3 by interface 7.Utilize this ventilating system, make air-flow pass whole storehouse grain heap 5 from horizontal direction and replace that air-flow passes the grain heap from vertical direction the vertical ventilation system, not take off film water flat or claim transverse type to ventilate thereby form.
Lateral ventilation method provided by the invention is:
After the diaphragm seal of grain dough model material, the pressure half life period that the air-tightness that grain in bulk is piled requires to reach negative 300Pa utilized the ventilating duct ventilation blower outer with being located at silo of the two vertical sides within the walls that directly are mounted and fixed on silo to realize transversal ventilation greater than 40 seconds.Comprise following two kinds of draft types:
When the negative pressure section air inlet of ventilation blower links to each other with ventilation road junction on the side Cang Qiang, open ventilation blower, Cryogenic air outside the storehouse enters ventilating duct by the ventilation road junction of opposite side Cang Qiang, this Cryogenic air is gone in the grain heap from the side transverse scattering of grain in bulk, mix with the damp-heat air in the grain heap, and the inside sucking-off that the negative pressure that ventilation blower the produces damp-heat air that the grain heap is inner is piled from grain by ventilating duct, ventilation road junction is carried out sucking-off formula transversal ventilation and is reduced the operation of grain temperature.
When the malleation section air outlet of ventilation blower links to each other with the ventilation road junction of a side, open ventilation blower, the malleation that ventilation blower produces with the Cryogenic air outside the storehouse by the plenum ventilation road, ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang, this Cryogenic air is gone in the grain heap from the side transverse scattering of grain in bulk, the damp-heat air inner with the grain heap mixes, and passes the grain heap, arrives the opposite side of grain heap, discharge from the ventilation road junction after entering the ventilating duct of opposite side Cang Qiang, carry out forced transversal ventilation and reduce the operation of grain temperature.
Embodiment 2: cross current samming ventilating
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, granary lateral ventilating system provided by the invention, comprise sealing film 4, the sealing of silo 1, ventilating duct 2, a plurality of ventilations road junction 3, grain heap surface coverage grain heap 5 in bulk, be located at the outer ventilation blower 6 of silo; Two gables, 11 inboards at described silo 1 are provided with ventilating duct 2, the height of described ventilating duct 2 is lower than 10～1000 millimeters of grain heap 5 height, this ventilating duct 2 is a standard-sized sheet cellular type ventilating duct, and spiral-lock is on two gables 11, this ventilating duct surface is provided with air vent 221, and the aperture of this air vent 221 is less than the grain grain, and described ventilating duct 2 is connected with ventilation road junction 3 on its storehouse, the same side wall 11, the surface lies metope 50-1000 millimeter of this ventilating duct 2, and this ventilating duct and ground are vertical setting.The described outer ventilation blower 6 of silo of being located at is connected by the ventilation road junction 3 on two gables 11 of interface 7 and reflux line 8 and silo 1.Described ventilation road junction 3 its cross sectional shapes are square.Utilize this ventilating system, make air-flow pass whole storehouse grain heap 5 from horizontal direction and replace that air-flow passes the grain heap from vertical direction the vertical ventilation system, not take off film water flat or claim transverse type to ventilate thereby form.
Lateral ventilation method provided by the invention is:
Have pressure half life period that the air-tightness of certain air-tightness grain in bulk heap requires to reach negative 300Pa after the diaphragm seal of grain dough model material greater than 40 seconds, utilize directly be mounted and fixed on the relative storehouse of silo two within the walls side ventilating duct and be located at the outer ventilation blower of silo and carry out cross current and ventilate and reduce the operation of grain temperature.This ventilation blower is connected with ventilation road junction on the relative both sides Cang Qiang by interface and reflux line, after opening blower fan, air communication is crossed grain heap, ventilating duct, ventilation road junction, gets back in the grain heap through ventilation blower again, form circulation, realize the balanced grain temperature of cross current ventilating.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of granary lateral ventilating system is characterized in that: comprise sealer, the sealing of silo, ventilating duct, ventilation road junction, grain heap surface coverage grain heap in bulk, be located at the outer ventilation blower of silo; Two gables of described silo or two vertical sides within the walls are provided with ventilating duct, this ventilating duct is connected with ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang of its same side, and this ventilating duct is provided with air vent, and the described outer ventilation blower of silo of being located at is connected with a side ventilation road junction by interface or is connected with the ventilation road junction of silo both sides by interface and reflux line.
2, according to the described granary lateral ventilating system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the height of described ventilating duct is lower than 10～1000 millimeters of grain stack heights.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described granary lateral ventilating systems, it is characterized in that: described ventilating duct is made of a main ventilation road and a ventilating duct, described main ventilation road is connected with ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang of its same side, and at least one ventilating duct is set on the described main ventilation road, this ventilating duct is that cross sectional shape is semicircle, square, circular or leg-of-mutton pipeline, its diameter or width are 100～1000 millimeters, and this ventilating duct and ground are vertical setting, are horizontally disposed with or is obliquely installed.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 described granary lateral ventilating systems, it is characterized in that: described ventilating duct is an entire wall standard-sized sheet cellular type ventilating duct, this ventilating duct spiral-lock is on two gables or two vertical walls, its surface is provided with air vent, and the aperture of this air vent is less than the grain grain, described ventilating duct is connected with ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang of its same side, the surface lies metope 50-1000 millimeter of this ventilating duct, and this ventilating duct and ground are vertical setting.
5, granary lateral ventilating system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: its cross sectional shape of described ventilation road junction is circular, square or rectangle.
6, a kind of granary lateral ventilation method is characterized in that:
(1) in the silo with transversal ventilation system, with the upper surface gland seal thing of grain in bulk, the air-tightness of grain heap in bulk requires to reach the pressure of negative 300Pa, and the half life period was greater than 40 seconds;
(2) the negative pressure section air inlet of ventilation blower links to each other with ventilation road junction on the side Cang Qiang, open ventilation blower, Cryogenic air outside the storehouse enters ventilating duct by the ventilation road junction of opposite side Cang Qiang, this Cryogenic air is gone in the grain heap from the side transverse scattering of grain in bulk, mix with the damp-heat air in the grain heap, and the inside sucking-off that the negative pressure that ventilation blower the produces damp-heat air that the grain heap is inner is piled from grain by ventilating duct, ventilation road junction is carried out sucking-off formula transversal ventilation and is reduced the operation of grain temperature.
7, a kind of granary lateral ventilation method is characterized in that:
(1) in the silo with transversal ventilation system, with the upper surface gland seal thing of grain in bulk, the air-tightness of grain heap in bulk requires to reach the pressure of negative 300Pa, and the half life period was greater than 40 seconds;
(2) the malleation section air outlet of ventilation blower links to each other with the ventilation road junction of a side, open ventilation blower, the malleation that ventilation blower produces with the Cryogenic air outside the storehouse by the plenum ventilation road, ventilation road junction on the Cang Qiang, this Cryogenic air is gone in the grain heap from the side transverse scattering of grain in bulk, the damp-heat air inner with the grain heap mixes, and passes the grain heap, arrives the opposite side of grain heap, discharge from the ventilation road junction after entering the ventilating duct of opposite side Cang Qiang, carry out forced transversal ventilation and reduce the operation of grain temperature.
8, a kind of granary lateral ventilation method is characterized in that:
(1) in the silo with transversal ventilation system, with the upper surface gland seal thing of grain in bulk, the air-tightness of grain heap in bulk requires to reach the pressure of negative 300Pa, and the half life period was greater than 40 seconds;
(2) ventilation blower is continuous with the ventilation road junction on the relative both sides Cang Qiang by reflux line, opens ventilation blower, carries out the cross current ventilation and reduces and the operation of balanced grain temperature.
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Address after: 100037 No. 11 Million Village Street, Xicheng District, Beijing Co-patentee after: Henan Weilai Mechanes Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Academy of Sciences, State Bureau of Food and Materials Reserve Address before: 100037 No. 11 Million Village Street, Xicheng District, Beijing Co-patentee before: Henan Weilai Mechanes Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee before: Academy of State Grain Administration |