CN104261926B - A kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment - Google Patents

A kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment Download PDF

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CN104261926B
CN104261926B CN201410570504.7A CN201410570504A CN104261926B CN 104261926 B CN104261926 B CN 104261926B CN 201410570504 A CN201410570504 A CN 201410570504A CN 104261926 B CN104261926 B CN 104261926B
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fermenter
fermentation tank
horizontal spiral
water
type straw
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CN104261926A (en
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肖宏儒
丁文芹
张彬
肖苏伟
宋志禹
梅松
韩余
任彩红
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/914—Portable or transportable devices, e.g. transport containers or trucks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/921—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially horizontally between inlet and discharge means
    • C05F17/929—Cylinders or drums
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种卧式螺旋搅拌型秸秆堆肥发生设备，设有发酵罐、搅拌系统、鼓风机以及排气系统，其特征在于：所述发酵罐固定安装在机架上；所述搅拌系统包括绞龙轴和驱动绞龙轴正转及反转的驱动电机，所述绞龙轴横向水平设置在发酵罐内，且绞龙轴上左右两侧的叶片结构镜像对称；所述发酵罐的底部为圆弧形，发酵罐底部内设有隔水板，所述隔水板上设有用于通风或透水的通孔，隔水板下方的发酵罐腔体为置水槽，所述置水槽底端设有排水口；所述鼓风机通过气体管路与所述置水槽连通。本发明发生设备可实现对堆肥发酵物料的均匀、充分的搅拌，且设备运行稳定，节省占用空间，降低运行成本。

The invention discloses a horizontal spiral stirring type straw composting generating equipment, which is provided with a fermenter, a stirring system, a blower and an exhaust system, and is characterized in that: the fermenter is fixedly installed on a frame; the stirring system includes An auger shaft and a drive motor that drives the auger shaft to rotate forward and reverse, the auger shaft is horizontally arranged in the fermenter, and the blade structures on the left and right sides of the auger shaft are mirror-symmetrical; the bottom of the fermenter It is arc-shaped, and there is a water baffle in the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the water baffle is provided with through holes for ventilation or water penetration. The cavity of the fermenter below the water baffle is a water tank, and the bottom of the water tank is A drain is provided; the air blower communicates with the water tank through a gas pipeline. The generating equipment of the invention can realize uniform and sufficient stirring of compost fermentation materials, and the equipment operates stably, saves occupied space, and reduces operating costs.

Description

一种卧式螺旋搅拌型秸秆堆肥发生设备A horizontal spiral stirring type straw composting generating equipment

技术领域technical field

本发明属于机械领域,涉及一种农业化机械设备,具体为一种卧式螺旋搅拌型秸秆堆肥发生设备。The invention belongs to the field of machinery, and relates to agricultural machinery equipment, in particular to a horizontal spiral stirring type straw compost generating equipment.

背景技术Background technique

与立式搅拌型堆肥设备相比，卧式搅拌型堆肥设备具有搅拌更充分、处理量大的优点，但设备制造成本相对较高，占地面积相对较大，且不便于移动。尤其是随着绞龙的运动，物料容易向搅拌罐一侧堆积，增加搅拌轴的局部负载，容易导致设备的损坏，增加设备的维护成本。Compared with the vertical stirring composting equipment, the horizontal stirring composting equipment has the advantages of more complete stirring and large processing capacity, but the manufacturing cost of the equipment is relatively high, the floor space is relatively large, and it is not easy to move. Especially with the movement of the auger, the material tends to accumulate on one side of the mixing tank, increasing the local load on the stirring shaft, easily causing damage to the equipment and increasing the maintenance cost of the equipment.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的技术目的是提供一种能够充分实现搅拌均匀，结构设计简洁且运行稳定的卧式螺旋搅拌型秸秆堆肥发生设备。The technical purpose of the present invention is to provide a horizontal spiral stirring type straw compost generating equipment which can fully achieve uniform stirring, simple structure design and stable operation.

为了实现上述技术目的，本发明公开的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution disclosed in the present invention is:

一种卧式螺旋搅拌型秸秆堆肥发生设备，设有发酵罐、搅拌系统、鼓风机以及排气系统，其特征在于：A horizontal spiral stirring type straw composting generating equipment, which is equipped with a fermentation tank, a stirring system, a blower and an exhaust system, and is characterized in that:

所述发酵罐固定安装在机架上；The fermenter is fixedly installed on the frame;

所述搅拌系统包括绞龙轴和驱动绞龙轴正转及反转的驱动电机，所述绞龙轴横向水平设置在发酵罐内，且绞龙轴上左右两侧的叶片结构镜像对称；The mixing system includes an auger shaft and a drive motor that drives the auger shaft to rotate forward and reversely, the auger shaft is horizontally arranged in the fermentation tank, and the blade structures on the left and right sides of the auger shaft are mirror images;

所述发酵罐的底部为圆弧形，发酵罐底部内设有隔水板，所述隔水板上设有用于通风或透水的通孔，隔水板下方的发酵罐腔体为置水槽，所述置水槽底端设有排水口；The bottom of the fermenter is arc-shaped, and the bottom of the fermenter is provided with a water baffle, and the water baffle is provided with through holes for ventilation or water penetration, and the fermenter cavity below the water baffle is a water tank. A drain is provided at the bottom of the sink;

所述鼓风机通过气体管路与所述置水槽连通。The air blower communicates with the water storage tank through a gas pipeline.

进一步的，所述机架的底部设有滚轮，方便设备在不同的大棚间灵活移动。Further, the bottom of the rack is provided with rollers, which facilitates the flexible movement of the equipment between different greenhouses.

所述隔水板为直板或凹弧形板。The water barrier is a straight plate or a concave arc plate.

所述排气系统包括抽气装置，所述抽气装置包括风机以及风机管道，所述风机管道包括一段圆管和分别与圆管两端对接的渐缩管、渐扩管，所述风机安装在所述圆管内；所述渐扩管设置在圆管的进风口端，与发酵罐的上部腔体连通；所述渐缩管设置在圆管的出风口端，通过送气管路与集气设备或用气设备连接。The exhaust system includes an air extraction device, the air extraction device includes a fan and a fan duct, and the fan duct includes a section of a round pipe and a reducer and an expander that are respectively connected to two ends of the round pipe, and the fan is installed In the circular tube; the expander is set at the air inlet end of the circular tube and communicates with the upper cavity of the fermenter; Equipment or gas equipment connections.

所述排气系统包括铺设在大棚内的曝气管，所述抽气装置通过送风管路与所述曝气管连接。The exhaust system includes an aeration pipe laid in the greenhouse, and the air suction device is connected with the aeration pipe through an air supply pipeline.

所述发酵罐的上部设有多个出气口，可均布在发酵罐上，使发酵产生的气体被充分采集,各出气口各自通过分支管路连接到所述抽气装置上。The upper part of the fermenter is provided with a plurality of gas outlets, which can be evenly distributed on the fermenter, so that the gas generated by fermentation can be fully collected, and each gas outlet is connected to the air extraction device through branch pipelines.

本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:

本发明设备使用时，可将一定配比的腐熟剂与秸秆等材料投入发酵罐，鼓入空气后不断地搅拌，之后进行堆肥发酵产生CO2气体，并向农业设施或者农业大棚内持续不断地输送，供植物生长使用。When the equipment of the present invention is used, a certain ratio of decomposing agent and straw and other materials can be put into the fermentation tank, and the air is blown in and stirred continuously, and then composted and fermented to generate CO 2 gas, which is continuously discharged into agricultural facilities or agricultural greenhouses. Conveying for plant growth.

本发明通过驱动电机的正、反转控制，搅拌过程中，物料在绞龙轴的带动下，自发酵罐两侧向中间移动，产生堆积后，通过反转会再向两边摊开，充分保障了物料搅拌的均匀性，避免搅拌设备局部负载过大，设备运行稳定。发酵罐的结构设计具有集水便利，有效减少物料中水分存积，且占用空间少的优点。同时本发明设备移动方便，在可不同大棚中使用，减少了发酵罐的配置成本，通过对排气系统的改进，使抽气装置能够提供足够压力的气流，与曝气管有效配合。The invention controls the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor. During the stirring process, the material is driven by the auger shaft to move from the two sides of the fermentation tank to the middle. Ensure the uniformity of material mixing, avoid excessive local load on the mixing equipment, and ensure stable operation of the equipment. The structural design of the fermentation tank has the advantages of convenient water collection, effective reduction of moisture accumulation in the material, and the advantages of taking up less space. At the same time, the equipment of the present invention is easy to move, can be used in different greenhouses, and reduces the configuration cost of the fermentation tank. Through the improvement of the exhaust system, the air extraction device can provide sufficient airflow to effectively cooperate with the aeration pipe.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为发酵罐与机架的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fermentation tank and frame;

图2为本发明发生设备的主视内部结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main view of the internal structure of the generating device of the present invention;

图3为本发明发生设备的侧视结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the generating device of the present invention;

上图中，1、发酵罐，1-1、隔水板，1-2、发酵罐的底部，1-3、排水阀，1-4、置水槽；In the figure above, 1. Fermentation tank, 1-1, water baffle, 1-2, bottom of fermentation tank, 1-3, drain valve, 1-4, water tank;

2、绞龙轴；2. Auger shaft;

3、抽气装置，3-1、渐扩管，3-2、渐缩管；3. Air extraction device, 3-1, expander, 3-2, reducer;

4、皮带及皮带轮；4. Belts and pulleys;

5、滚轮；5. Roller;

6、驱动电机；6. Drive motor;

7、机架，7-1、机架盖板。7, rack, 7-1, rack cover plate.

具体实施方式detailed description

为了进一步说明本发明的技术方案和技术手段，下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的阐述。In order to further illustrate the technical solutions and technical means of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

如图1至图3所示，一种卧式螺旋搅拌型秸秆堆肥发生设备，包括以下组成构件：As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a horizontal spiral stirring type straw composting generating equipment includes the following components:

1)机架7；1) Rack 7;

所述机架7的底部安装有滚轮5，机架7上部设有机架盖板7-1，用于封闭发酵罐1。Rollers 5 are installed on the bottom of the frame 7 , and a frame cover 7 - 1 is provided on the top of the frame 7 for sealing the fermenter 1 .

2)发酵罐1；2) fermenter 1;

所述发酵罐1固定安装在所述机架7上，所述发酵罐的底部1-2呈圆弧形桶状。发酵罐底部内设有隔水板1-1，所述隔水板1-1上设有通孔，隔水板1-1可设为直板或与发酵罐1底部同向的凹弧形板。隔水板1-1下方的发酵罐腔体为置水槽1-4，用于集水，所述置水槽1-4底端设有排水口与排水管道连接，并设置排水阀1-3。The fermenter 1 is fixedly installed on the frame 7, and the bottom 1-2 of the fermenter is in the shape of an arc-shaped barrel. A water baffle 1-1 is provided in the bottom of the fermentation tank, and a through hole is arranged on the water baffle 1-1, and the water baffle 1-1 can be set as a straight plate or a concave arc-shaped plate in the same direction as the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 . The fermenter cavity below the water baffle 1-1 is a water tank 1-4 for collecting water, and the bottom of the water tank 1-4 is provided with a drain port to connect with a drain pipe, and a drain valve 1-3 is provided.

3)搅拌系统；3) Stirring system;

所述搅拌系统包括绞龙轴2、驱动电机6、皮带与皮带轮4，驱动电机6固定在机架7的下方，通过不同直径规格皮带轮的动力转换传递，降低转速施加在所述绞龙轴2上。所述绞龙轴2横向水平设置在发酵罐1内，且绞龙轴2上左右两侧的叶片以其中心线为对称轴，呈镜像对称的结构。The mixing system includes an auger shaft 2, a drive motor 6, a belt and a pulley 4, the drive motor 6 is fixed below the frame 7, and is transmitted through the power conversion of pulleys of different diameters, and the reduced speed is applied to the auger shaft 2 superior. The auger shaft 2 is arranged horizontally and horizontally in the fermenter 1, and the blades on the left and right sides of the auger shaft 2 take its center line as the axis of symmetry, forming a mirror-symmetrical structure.

4)排气系统；4) Exhaust system;

如图3所示，所述排气系统包括抽气装置3，所述抽气装置3包括风机(未图示)以及风机管道，所述风机管道包括一段圆管和分别与圆管两端对接的渐缩管3-1、渐扩管3-2，所述风机安装在所述圆管内。所述渐扩管3-1设置在圆管的进风口端，与发酵罐1的上部腔体连通。所述渐缩管3-2设置在圆管的出风口端，通过送气管路与集气设备或铺设在大棚内的曝气管连接。As shown in Figure 3, the exhaust system includes an air extraction device 3, the air extraction device 3 includes a fan (not shown) and a fan duct, and the fan duct includes a section of round pipe and is respectively connected to two ends of the round pipe The reducer 3-1, the expander 3-2, the fan is installed in the circular tube. The expanding pipe 3 - 1 is arranged at the air inlet end of the circular pipe and communicates with the upper cavity of the fermenter 1 . The reducer 3-2 is arranged at the air outlet end of the circular pipe, and is connected with the gas collecting equipment or the aeration pipe laid in the greenhouse through the air supply pipeline.

所述抽气装置3可有效提高气体的输送压力。The pumping device 3 can effectively increase the delivery pressure of the gas.

5)鼓风机3；5) Blower 3;

所述鼓风机3通过气体管路与所述置水槽1-4连通。The air blower 3 communicates with the water tank 1-4 through a gas pipeline.

本发明设备可堆放约1～1.5吨的秸秆，秸秆类型不限，其中主要包括稻秸秆、麦秸秆、油菜秸秆、中药渣、畜禽粪便等，使用时，将上述材料按照一定比例加入腐熟剂，并由鼓风机3将空气通过置水槽1-4经由隔水板1-1上的通孔向发酵罐1内持续注入秸秆发酵所需的空气，之后驱动电机6通过皮带与皮带轮4带动绞龙轴2旋转，采用正、反转交替进行的方式充分搅拌。经发酵罐1内材料堆肥发酵反应后产生CO2气体。产生的气体经由排气系统抽送到曝气管，由铺在大棚内成行的曝气管源源不断地输送到大棚内，提供植物生长所必须的CO2。而堆肥物料产生的水份则通过隔水板1-1的通孔进入置水槽1-4中，被排出后可用于大棚的灌溉。The equipment of the present invention can stack about 1 to 1.5 tons of straw, and the types of straw are not limited, which mainly include rice straw, wheat straw, rape straw, traditional Chinese medicine residue, livestock and poultry manure, etc. When using, the above materials are added to the decomposing agent according to a certain proportion , and the air blower 3 continuously injects the air required for straw fermentation into the fermenter 1 through the water tank 1-4 through the through hole on the water baffle 1-1, and then the drive motor 6 drives the auger through the belt and pulley 4 Axis 2 rotates and fully stirs in the way of forward and reverse alternately. CO 2 gas is produced after composting and fermenting the materials in the fermenter 1 . The generated gas is pumped to the aeration pipe through the exhaust system, and is continuously transported into the greenhouse by the aeration pipes laid in rows in the greenhouse to provide CO 2 necessary for plant growth. And the moisture content that compost material produces then enters in the water tank 1-4 through the through hole of baffle plate 1-1, can be used for the irrigation of greenhouse after being discharged.

以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书、说明书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Various changes and improvements. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, description and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. a horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment, is provided with fermentation tank (1), stirring system, aerator and gas extraction system, it is characterised in that:
Described fermentation tank (1) is fixedly mounted in frame (7)；
Described stirring system includes screw-conveyer-shaft (2) and the drive motor (6) driving screw-conveyer-shaft (2) to rotate forward and reverse, described screw-conveyer-shaft (2) transverse horizontal is arranged in fermentation tank (1), and the blade construction specular of screw-conveyer-shaft (2) left and right sides；
The bottom of described fermentation tank (1) is circular arc, water-stop sheet (1-1) it is provided with in fermenter base, described water-stop sheet (1-1) is provided with for ventilating or permeable through hole, the fermentation tank cavity of water-stop sheet (1-1) lower section for putting tank (1-4), described in put tank (1-4) bottom and be provided with discharge outlet；
Described aerator (3) is connected with described tank (1-4) of putting by gas piping.
2. a kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The bottom of described frame (7) is provided with roller.
3. a kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described water-stop sheet (1-1) is straight plate or arcs of recesses plate.
4. a kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that:
Described gas extraction system includes air extractor (3), described air extractor (3) includes blower fan and Fan pipeline, described Fan pipeline includes one section of pipe and the reducing pipe docked respectively, increaser with pipe two ends, and described assembling is in described pipe；Described increaser (3-1) is arranged on the air inlet end of pipe, connects with the upper chamber of fermentation tank (1)；Described reducing pipe (3-2) is arranged on the air opening end of pipe, is connected with gas collection equipment or gas equipment by aspirating pipeline.
5. a kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Described gas extraction system includes the aeration tube being laid in booth, and described air extractor is connected with described aeration tube by pipeline of blowing.
6. a kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The top of described fermentation tank (1) is provided with multiple gas outlet, and each gas outlet is connected on described air extractor (3) each via branch line.
CN201410570504.7A 2014-10-23 2014-10-23 A kind of horizontal spiral agitating type straw compost generation equipment Expired - Fee Related CN104261926B (en)

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CN108191467B (en) * 2018-01-18 2021-04-06 北京建筑大学 High-efficient urban domestic waste aerobic fermentation device of resourceization
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