Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of efficient that improves electrical generator, significantly reduce oil consumption and waste steam exhausting, the electricity generating and energy storing system for hybrid vehicle that efficient is high, cost is low.This system the most significantly characteristics has been to use two very effective energy saving technologys: a kind of is can both obtain high efficiency double speed magneto alternator in high speed and low speed; Can significantly improve the super capacitor energy-storing device of energy recovery efficiency in addition; It is that internal resistance is low that relative battery comes the comparison advantage; Current conversion efficient is high, the desirable energy storage parts of long service life.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme.
A kind of electricity generating and energy storing system for hybrid vehicle; Comprise power car engine (1), magneto alternator (2), power car drive motors (3); Said magneto alternator is provided with high speed winding and low speed winding two-way winding; And use in light load low regime and the generating of heavy load high velocity respectively; High speed winding and low speed winding are carried out conversion automatically by the operation conditions that an electricity generating controller detects at that time, and the power car drive motors is controlled speed governing by an electric machine controller, it is characterized in that: adopt elasticity to be connected between said magneto alternator and the engine; Two groups of coils of low speed when generating magneto alternator are the string connection method, and only use wherein one group big electric current winding during the high-speed high-power generating; The output line of drawing is totally six terminals; Export the three-phase coil terminal of low speed winding and high speed winding respectively; Characteristic requirements according to permagnetic synchronous motor; Two groups of coils of high speed winding and low speed winding are that to be connected in series and to adopt wye connection, the benefit of doing like this be to reduce the circulation of coil inside, improve generating efficiency.
The automatic conversion of said high speed winding and low speed winding is provided with a high low speed winding change-over circuit, and change-over circuit comprises pair of contact or a high-pressure electronic switch and the three phase rectifier bridge circuit of a high-pressure vacuum switch.
Said electricity generating controller is the controller of the direct mode of rectification of three phase full bridge, is provided with velocity voltage controller, generator speed control module, electrical generator ECU in the electricity generating controller, the relay control module of interior voltage sample comparator and the speed sampling comparator of signal to the velocity voltage controller, the high low speed winding change-over circuit change-over swith of control is provided and the comparator of sampled signal is provided.
The low speed winding of said magneto alternator and high speed winding are respectively through ZL1 and the output of ZL2 three phase rectifier; When engine operation during at slow speed of revolution; The output voltage of ZL2 is lower than the voltage of energy storage capacitor at this moment; Therefore do not have electric current output, the output voltage after the ZL1 rectification charges to energy storage capacitor, and the output of ZL1 is only bought car in installments to generate electricity when a low speed small power moves and used; When getting into, vehicle quickens the heavy load operating mode; Electricity generating controller is controlled the throttle magnitude of voltage increase of driving engine through to the setting value of the speed of a motor vehicle and load and the voltage given value of sampling acceleration pedal, breaks off high-pressure vacuum switch simultaneously; The VD value of cutting off ZL1; The rotating speed of driving engine is the paramount rotating speed of rising district rapidly, and this moment, the output voltage values of ZL2 raise, and exported the frequency converter part that big electric current also directly flows to electric machine controller; The size of electric current is constantly sampled to energy storage capacitor voltage, the speed of a motor vehicle by electricity generating controller, and adjusts engine speed through the inverse feedback that control circuit forms.
Said electricity generating controller can come the driving power of controlling and driving motor through the magnitude of voltage that detects the speed of a motor vehicle and energy storage capacitor.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages.
1, magneto alternator of the present invention is the double speed magneto alternator; Two groups of coil outputs in engine low rotation speed miniwatt district and the high-power district work of high rotating speed, make driving engine all be operated in high efficient area in two different zones respectively; Improved the efficient of electrical generator; Significantly reduced oil consumption and waste steam exhausting, owing to have slow speed of revolution miniwatt winding and the high-power winding of high rotating speed that can freely change, the variable speed generation permagnetic synchronous motor of a winding of its efficiency ratio is high; The raising of fuel efficiency is significant to hybrid vehicle, so the present invention has cost-effective advantage.The conversion of electrical generator three-phase output winding only needs high-pressure vacuum switch or electronic switch that the IGBT module is formed of pair of contact, and is simple and reliable for structure, and blocking efficiency is far above with current transformer or frequency converter.
2, driving engine uses low power driving engine, has not only reduced the driving engine cost, the more important thing is the consumption of fuel and the noise that have significantly reduced driving engine, and according to the long commissioning test of experimental model, the conservation of fuel rate surpasses 30%, and economic benefit is obvious.
3, do energy-storing device with super capacitor; Characteristic with low internal resistance and high power; Mainly be the physical reactions that electric charge moves in the charge and discharge process of electric current, because the low charge discharge efficiency of internal resistance is higher than battery, therefore doing energy-storing device in the present invention with super capacitor has remarkable advantages; Relatively battery comes comparison, and the horsepower output of the energy recovery efficiency that has improved energy-storing device when quickening significantly reduced the volume and weight of energy-storing device, simultaneously the life-span of energy storage capacitor also longer than battery, therefore have obvious economic benefit.
4, electricity generating controller is owing to be direct mode of rectification, and cost is than much lower with current transformer or frequency converter.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing electricity generating and energy storing system for hybrid vehicle of the present invention is described in further detail.
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2; Electricity generating and energy storing system for hybrid vehicle of the present invention: comprise power car driving engine 1, magneto alternator 2, power car drive motor 3; Magneto alternator 2 is provided with high speed winding and low speed winding two-way winding; And in light load low regime and heavy load high velocity generating usefulness, high speed winding and low speed winding are carried out conversion automatically through the operation conditions that an electricity generating controller 4 detects at that time respectively.Power car drive motor 3 is provided with the energy storage capacitor 5 of high-power low capacity by electric machine controller 6 controls between electricity generating controller 4 and electric machine controller 6, energy storage capacitor 5 is used for storing the inertia kinetic energy of car retardation and glancing impact recovery.Electric energy major part from electrical generator 2 directly drives power car drive motor 3 through electric machine controller 6 without energy storage capacitor, to reduce the loss of electric energy in charge and discharge process.Wherein the low speed winding of magneto alternator 2 is connected with high speed and adopts " Y " type to connect method.Two groups of coils of magneto alternator 2 are the string connection method during low speed generating, and the output line of drawing is totally 6 terminals, exports the three-phase coil terminal of low speed winding and high speed winding respectively.The automatic conversion of high speed winding and low speed winding is provided with a high low speed winding change-over circuit, and change-over circuit comprises pair of contact or a high-pressure electronic switch and the three phase rectifier bridge circuit of a high-pressure vacuum switch.Power car driving engine 1 can be low power combustion vapour driving engine or other engine fuels.
Wherein the function of electricity generating controller can realize following function:
One of which rectification and precharging circuit: the voltage approaching zero of energy storage capacitor in use first or after discharging fully lies prostrate; Because the internal resistance of electric capacity is extremely low; Electrical generator is equivalent to load short circuits; Therefore need carry out precharge first to electric capacity, method is to pass through the capacitor C current limliting with the mains ac power supply, after the ZL3 rectification, charges to energy-storage capacitor again.In the going of vehicle at ordinary times every day; Be need not carry out preliminary filling; Because the self-discharge of energy storage capacitor is very low; Voltage all can remain on the normal range of operation of electric machine controller when started vehicle every day first, only if just vehicle will keep in repair and need park voltage for a long time and can be low to moderate below the normal working voltage value of electric machine controller, at this moment just need pass through civil power precharge.
It two can come the driving power of controlling and driving motor through detecting the speed of a motor vehicle.Like Fig. 3; In order to ensure the low speed high pulling torque in when starting, the driving power of motor is linear ascendant trend and reaches peak value at the fundamental frequency point of motor in the 0-22km/h section, and rising and satisfy gradually along with the speed of a motor vehicle then descends; Until being close with generated output power; The benefit of doing like this is to have effectively utilized the energy that energy storage capacitor is stored, and cooperates with the change curve of the speed of a motor vehicle with the energy storage capacitor voltage of Fig. 4, can obtain excellent control effect and electric energy control precision.ZL1 can export the vdc above cond rated operational voltage several times during the high engine speeds generating, but because high-pressure vacuum switch is off-state, does not therefore have electric current output.Vehicle is at descending, stops, and braking waits under the situation of power demand not, and ECU control driving engine gets into idling mode, keeps minimum fuel oil consumption.According to above-mentioned principle, when no matter driving engine and electrical generator are unloaded, underloading or heavy duty, operate in the higher operating mode of efficient all the time.
Wherein magneto alternator 2 has the winding of two polyphones; Its high speed winding current is big; The low speed winding current is little, and its principle is: two winding polyphones connect the raising output voltage during low speed, only use the high speed winding of big electric current during high speed; Though this moment, the low speed winding produced higher voltage, owing to too high voltage is isolated in the disconnection of K1 vac switch.
The efficient of magneto alternator is high than the electrical generator of other types; But the occasion that is used in variable speed generation just must adopt the variable frequency control inversion transformation technique to convert alternating current to direct current; This has obviously increased the cost of system; This paper that compares simultaneously directly uses three-phase bridge rectification circuit, has also reduced the generating conversion efficiency.This paper selects two operation points according to the universal curve of combustion engine, and one is the low regime of vehicle low load region, and at this moment generator windings is together in series, and makes electrical generator still can export sufficiently high voltage at slow speed of revolution and uses to drive system.The power that vehicle consumes in accelerator obviously increases, and at this moment high-pressure vacuum switch K1 breaks off ZL1 output, and ECU control driving engine raises speed to high velocity, exports big electric current and gives drive motor.Reasonably select low speed and high velocity, can obviously improve the economy of fuel oil.
The conversion of high low speed winding: electricity generating controller is changed high low speed winding automatically through detecting operation conditions at that time.The method of practical implementation is that the high-low pressure winding of magneto alternator divides system through ZL1 and the output of ZL2 three phase rectifier; When engine operation during at slow speed of revolution, because the output voltage of ZL1 is lower than the voltage on the energy storage capacitor, so ZL1 does not have electric current output; And electrical generator low speed winding and high speed windings in series; So the output voltage after the ZL1 rectification enough charges to energy storage capacitor. because the rated current of low speed winding is less, so ZL1 exports the usefulness of generating electricity when a low speed small power of only buying car in installments moves. and when vehicle entering acceleration heavy load operating mode, descend owing to the current draw increase causes the magnitude of voltage on the energy storage capacitor; ECU is through the given value of foot controller driving torque that the speed of a motor vehicle and load setting value are promptly sampled in electricity generating controller; The throttle given value of control driving engine increases, and turn-offs the K1 high-pressure vacuum switch simultaneously, and the rotating speed of driving engine is the paramount rotating speed of rising district rapidly; This moment, the magnitude of voltage of ZL2 raise, and exported the frequency converter part that big electric current also directly flows to electric machine controller.The size of electric current is constantly sampled to capacitance voltage, the speed of a motor vehicle by ECU, and adjusts engine speed through the inverse feedback that control circuit forms, and keeps the variation of the magnitude of voltage on the electric capacity.
Like Fig. 4; The change curve of the energy storage capacitor voltage and the speed of a motor vehicle; Its principle of work is that energy storage capacitor voltage should be low more when high more for the speed of a motor vehicle; Reason is that the kinetic energy stored of the high more vehicle of the speed of a motor vehicle is many more, thus energy storage capacitor need discharge more energy could be when car brakeing recuperated energy more effectively, as shown in the formula:
Vehicle reclaims kinetic energy (W.H)=1/2GV
2/ 3600*K
Energy storage capacitor energy (W.H) (=1/2C (Vh
2-Vl
2)/3600
Wherein Vh is energy storage capacitor high potential, and Vl is the energy storage capacitor minimum voltage, and K is the convesion factor that kinetic energy is converted into electric energy, and according to a large amount of actual tests, K is between the 0.6-0.65.
Like Fig. 5 is the universal curve figure of a representative type small power motor; From its rotating speed and torque curve; The rate of consumption of fuel oil is regional minimum at 160Nm, and is comparatively speaking should the zone discharging also lower, but to be in operation be impossible keep to be operated in this ideal region to common vehicle.In this article, our design-calculated double speed electrical generator, vehicle low speed or at the uniform velocity during the miniwatt operation, engine operation is at low speed optimal economic loading zone, the driving engine of different model and performance has the different speed scope; Vehicle is quickening and is consuming when more high-power, and the rapid speedup of driving engine is to the high-power district of high speed, and meanwhile high-pressure vacuum switch among Fig. 2 or electronic switch K1 break off, and the electrical generator outgoing current is exported high-performance direct current (DC) through the L2 winding.
The present invention and another difference of common series pattern are the electric energy that produces when having adopted the very high energy storage capacitor of efficient to store the motor regenerative brake; The operating mode pattern in the city of standard; Expenditure of energy about 50% is arranged on the kinetic energy that vehicle quickens, common bus is to have transferred this part energy to heat exhaustion through brake system at glancing impact, and general hybrid vehicle also is an electric energy of storing electric motor recovery with various batteries; But because battery is to rely on chemical reaction to store electric weight; Exist the internal resistance height, the problem that efficient is low and service life is short adopts performance-oriented energy storage capacitor thoroughly to solve this problem.
Principle of work of the present invention:
1, vehicle startup and be in dead ship condition:
At this moment the first idle rotating speed of promptly keeping the minimum steady running of driving engine of driving engine, generally at 700-800 rev/min, treat engine preheating after (; Wherein signal is taken from the water tank temperature sensor; The generating of driving engine speedup to most economical low regime, electrical generator outgoing current be to energy storage capacitor precharge, and driving engine changes idling mode over to when voltage rises to the upper voltage limit value that energy storage capacitor can bear; Charging finishes, usefulness when energy storage capacitor has been stocked enough energy and quickened to vehicle.
2, vehicle start quickens:
Driving engine will change the rotating speed of driving engine according to the detection signal of electric machine controller when vehicle start quickens; Electric machine controller detect and computing energy storage capacitor charge value and the speed of a motor vehicle and chaufeur at that time to the command value of throttle voltage; The rotating speed of automatic compensation driving engine comes when more on the low side in the corresponding speed of a motor vehicle of the electric weight of brish acceleration and capacitor storage, and driving engine is with the high-power district of speedup to high speed; The big electric current of electrical generator output this moment; Driving engine is the economic speed district operation during by maximum power, and drive motor obtains electric energy from electrical generator and energy storage capacitor simultaneously, so can satisfy the accelerating power of vehicle fully.
3, travel at the uniform speed:
After the speed of a motor vehicle reached predetermined value, accelerator finished, and at this moment because the consumption of energy significantly reduces, electricity generating controller will be controlled driving engine and get into low regime operation, the electric power that electrical generator output is less relatively; The regulating action of electricity generating controller makes electrical generator can satisfy the expenditure of energy of city bus at low speed or high-speed cruising fully.
4, run slowly:
Vehicle runs into obstacle or is about to arrive at a station in the time of need running slowly, and chaufeur can be totally released foot throttle, and at this moment electric machine controller will be controlled the engine idle operation, and vehicle is sliding state.
5, brake snub:
Brake snub and emergency braking are distinguishing; The purpose of brake snub be control vehicle from higher car retardation to the lower speed of a motor vehicle; Or stop slowly again after hoping to make vehicle operating one segment distance with less braking force, so electric machine controller can through brake pedal and close and detect this signal, control driving engine entering idling mode immediately; Electrical generator does not have electric current output; Electric machine controller makes motor transfer generating state to by driving condition, and the inertia of vehicle can promptly transfer DC current to through motor and electric machine controller and be stored in the energy-storage capacitor, for starting-up to speed next time provides energy conservation.
6, emergency braking:
When dangerous obstacle is met in vehicle operating the place ahead; Chaufeur is stepped on brake pedal rapidly; At this moment electric braking and mechanical type compressed air brake play a role simultaneously, and vehicle can stop rapidly, and safety is also more safer than the single mechanical type compressed air brake better effects if of common vehicle.
No matter vehicle operating is in which kind of operating mode, and the rotating speed of driving engine and the horsepower output of electrical generator are comprise that through detecting simultaneously energy-storage capacitor voltage, dynamo current, the speed of a motor vehicle and chaufeur control the command value of throttle by electricity generating controller; The accurate s operation control of computer is more far better than manual control throttle effect, and this mainly is to maintain low oil consumption and Low Emission Zone through the working curve of controlling driving engine as far as possible, thereby reaches the environment protecting of energy-saving and emission-reduction.