CN101561403A - Three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device and quantitative image method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device and a quantitative image method thereof. In the device, three microscopes (1, 2, 3) provided with CCD cameras (4, 5, 6) are arranged in a three-dimensional orthogonality manner for shooting the three-dimensional image of an observed body. The method comprises the following steps: a. a density gradient centrifugal separation method is used for preparing a sample (17) with uniform granularity, density and component; b. observation with solution or no solution is conducted at a selected temperature and under a selected pressure; c. when solution is available, the sample (17) is put into the solution of a quartz glass reactor (16) and then automatic timing image pick-up starts; the projection area and the perimeter of the sample (17) in the three-dimensional direction are measured for calculating a shape factor; d. when solution is not available, the projection area and the perimeter of the image of the sample (17) in the three-dimensional direction are measured for calculating a shape factor; and e. the volume and the change rate of the sample (17) are based on the arithmetic mean values of three-dimensional data. The invention provides a device for picking up the three-dimensional image of the sample and a quantitative image method and particularly offers a new device and a new method for the observation and the quantitative assessment of the three-dimensional action of polymer particles and biological seeds in solution.

Description

Three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device and quantitative image method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to observation of a kind of three-dimensional orthogonal microscope image pick-up and image quantitative methods, in particular for to having expansion and living beings seed expansion germinating growth rule in solution the three-dimensional orthogonal microscope image pick-up device and the quantitative image method that carry out Continuous Observation of anisotropy macromolecule particle in solution.

Background technology

At present, known microscope image pick-up system all can not obtain to change continuously and immovable 3-D view with different side's characteristic sample.For example, the method that is used for measuring the swelling character of polymeric particles in the solution has four kinds: (1) is based on the Plethysmometry of packed bed; (2) gravimetry that absorbs based on gas phase; (3) based on measuring the Ma Erwen laser scattering method that particle size distribution gets; (4) method that combines based on microscopic and image analysis.Three kinds of methods except method (4) can not be used for dynamic observing of single polymeric particles and quantitative.And the common three-dimensional consecutive image that only can not obtain single polymeric particles with a microscopical method (4).In order to overcome the shortcoming of method (4), the researcher of China and Japan once proposed the method that two microscopes of quadrature obtain polymeric particles expansion characteristics image in the solution; American Studies person's method can not obtain the 3-D view of particle fully.The rotation of employing sample is also arranged, or the inclination sample, or rotate the method that microscope obtains 3-D view, but these methods can't obtain the 3-D view of the synchronization of sample simultaneously.In addition, the method for utilizing complicated and expensive Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope method three-dimensional observation and based on the microscopic method three-dimensional observation method of digital hologram shooting principle is arranged.Therefore, exploitation is significant to having the new method that the anisotropy polymeric particles carries out three-dimensional microscope image pick-up and image quantitative resolution.The present invention is exactly a kind of three-dimensional orthogonal microscope image pick-up system and corresponding image quantitative resolution method that is used for the sample with anisotropy is carried out Continuous Observation.

Summary of the invention

Existing microscope image pick-up system can not obtain to change continuously and immovable problem with different side's characteristic observation body three-dimensional image in order to overcome, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device and quantitative image method thereof, this invention can obtain to change in time the observation sample continuously, particularly obtains to have the three-dimensional micro-image that anisotropy changes the observation sample.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

Described three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device is fixed three microscopes (1,2,3) with three omnipotent stands (11,12,13) three-dimensional orthogonal, three microscopes (1,2,3) link to each other with three ccd video cameras (4,5,6), and the data line (7,8,9) of three ccd video cameras (4,5,6) is connected with computing machine 10.Place quartz glass reactor 16 on the reactor stand 14 that transparency window is arranged that three-dimensional position is adjustable, place sample 17 and solution in the quartz glass reactor 16.Be arranged on the multiple spot optical fiber cold light source 15 adjusting illumination directions of sample 17 above and belows and cooperate and be placed on the background colour table at quartz glass transparency reactor 16 rears to get a distinct image.

Select microscope focusing distance d according to sample particle size size _iThe adjustable extent of (i=1,2,3) and microscope ocular enlargement ratio f _iThe adjustable extent of (i=1,2,3); The focusing distance d of three microscopes (1,2,3) _i(i=1,2,3) are adjustable at 40～110mm, the eyepiece enlargement ratio f of three microscopes (1,2,3) _i(i=1,2,3) are adjustable 0.68～4.5.

The optical center of microscope 1 and microscope 2 is apart from the height h of supporting desktop ₁=h ₂=450mm, the optical center of microscope 3 is apart from the height h of supporting desktop ₃=400mm.

The image screen enlargement factor of computing machine 10 is 1100～8400.Carry out image acquisition, storage, the computing machine 10 of handling and analyzing can use the analysis software of the self-editing image acquisition of commerce or non-commercial or user, storage, processing.

The observation quantivative approach of described three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device, its concrete steps are as follows:

A. utilize density tonsure centrifugal separation method to obtain granularity, density is relative with composition evenly, storing state is consistent 2～6 groups of observation samples.

For obtaining epigranular and the uniform coal sample of composition, the particle size range of requirement of experiment is also pressed in observation with the broken laggard line density tonsure centrifuging of representative coal, sieve as 0.1～0.2mm, 0.2～0.3mm etc., the gained sample stores for future use behind 105 ℃ of vacuum drying 24h.

For obtaining epigranular and the uniform seed of composition, behind the vegetable seeds natural air dryings such as the soya bean of the maturation of no epidermis breakage, mung bean, red bean, red bean, black soya bean, utilize density tonsure centrifuge method to separate and by the particle size range of requirement of experiment, as screenings such as 4 * 5 * 6mm, 5 * 6 * 7mm, (23 ℃ of temperature, humidity 30-50%) is standby for isolated sample storage.

B. observation can be adopted no solution and the solution dual mode is arranged, and has solution observation to use organic solution or water.Observation can be carried out under room temperature and environmental pressure, also can carry out under control temperature and controlled pressure condition.

When c. solution observation arranged, under observed temperature and pressure, at first 3～5ml injection of solution is advanced transparency silica glass reactor 16, begin by setting-up time three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device (triple channel) self-timing camera shooting and sampling 17 after then sample 17 being put into the solution of quartz glass reactor 16.

D. projected area, the projected area girth of no liquor sample 17 three-dimensional images are measured; Calculate the shape coefficient and the volume of three directions of same sample then; Obtain the shape coefficient and the volume of sample 17 at last by the average treatment 3 d image data.

The volume V of sample calculates by formula (1):

$V=\frac{\frac{4}{3\sqrt{\mathrm{\&pi;}}}{(F_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_1+F_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2+F_3{P}_3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula (1), P ₁, P ₂, P ₃Be respectively the projected area of 17 3 directions of same sample that three-dimensional orthogonal microscopic obtains.F ₁, F ₂, F ₃Be respectively the shape coefficient of 17 3 directions of same sample that three-dimensional orthogonal microscopic obtains, calculate by formula (2):

E. projected area, the projected area girth of the 17 three-dimensional images of sample in the solution are measured; Calculate the shape coefficient and the volume change of 17 3 directions of same sample then; Obtain sample 17 shape coefficients and volume change by the average treatment 3 d image data at last.

Sample 17 is at t volume change (Q constantly _{V, t}) be defined as t sample 17 volume (V constantly _t) with zero constantly sample 17 volume (V ₀) ratio, formula (3);

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{V_t}{V_0}---\left(3\right)$

Consider the scrambling of sample 17 shapes own and the anisotropy characteristics of sample 17 volume change, the t that the present invention records three microscopes separately constantly the arithmetic mean of sample 17 volume changes as sample 17 in t volume change constantly, formula (4);

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{1}{3}\left\{\right[\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}^{3/2}}]+[\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}^{3/2}}]+[\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}^{3/2}}\left]\right\}---\left(4\right)$

In the formula (4), F _{I, t}(i=1,2,3) be t constantly sample 17 at x, y, the shape coefficient of three directions of z; F _{I, 0}(i=1,2,3) be zero constantly sample 17 at x, y, the shape coefficient of three directions of z; P _{I, t}(i=1,2,3) be t constantly sample 17 at x, y, the projected area of three directions of z; P _{I, 0}(i=1,2,3) be zero constantly sample 17 at x, y, the projected area of three directions of z.Formula (4) can be abbreviated as formula (5):

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{1}{3}(Q_{1v,t}+Q_{2v,t}+Q_{3v,t})---\left(5\right)$

In the formula (5), Q _{Iv, t}(i=1,2,3) be t constantly sample 17 at x, y, the volume change of three directions of z.

Because the constancy of volume material that contains in the sample 17, should from sample 17 volumes, deduct as the volume of dirt etc.; Employing formula (6) amendment type (4) and formula (5):

$Q_{\mathrm{dmmf}}=\frac{(Q_{\mathrm{measured}}-y)}{(1-y)}---\left(6\right)$

In the formula (6), Q _DmmfBe the volume change of the no constancy of volume material sample 17 of dry base, Q _MeasuredVolume change for observation.

Revised formula (4) and formula (5) become formula (8) and formula (9).

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{\left\{\frac{1}{3}\right[\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}^{3/2}}\right)+\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}^{3/2}}\right)+\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}^{3/2}}\right)]-y\}}{(1-y)}---\left(8\right)$

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{\{\frac{1}{3}(Q_{1v,t}+Q_{2v,t}+Q_{3v,t})-y\}}{(1-y)}---\left(9\right)$

Formula (8) and formula (17) are the general-purpose computations formulas of sample volume change among the present invention; When y=0, when promptly sample did not contain the constancy of volume material, formula (8) and formula (9) became formula (4) and formula (5).

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this invention can obtain to change in time the observation sample continuously, particularly has the three-dimensional micro-image that anisotropy changes the observation sample; A kind of method that can obtain more comprehensive and accurate continuous variation observation sample 3-D view quantitative information is provided; For have the anisotropy sample in solution or observation and the quantitative evaluation of not having a three-dimensional behavior under the solution condition a kind of new method is provided; Behavior and swelling mechanism in particular for macromolecule particle and vegetable seeds etc. in three-dimensional microscopic observation and the quantitative test solution provide a kind of new equipment and new method.This invention application is extensive, as mineral matter particle, metal and nonmetallic materials particle, biomass particle, biological seed, biological cell etc.According to the difference of object of observation, the method for using the present invention to propose can make full use of existing all kinds of microscopes, video camera and image processing software, observes the three-dimensional behavior of extensive range of size observation body, obtains the Three-Dimensional Dynamic picture information of observation body.Utilize the cost of the three-dimensional observation device that the present invention produces low, price advantage is arranged.Advantages such as in addition, this contrive equipment has simple in structure, and combination flexibly, observation is simple to operate, observation quality is good.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device synoptic diagram;

Fig. 2 is three microscope position configuration relation synoptic diagram;

Fig. 3 is the 3-D view that 0.6～0.9mm datong bitumite coal grain does not have solution;

Fig. 4 is the 3-D view of 0.6～0.9mm datong bitumite coal grain in water;

Fig. 5 is the 3-D view of 0.6～0.9mm datong bitumite coal grain in arsenic pyridine solution;

Fig. 6 is shape coefficient and the volume sweell(ing) rate over time rule of 0.6～0.9mm datong bitumite coal grain in the arsenic pyridine;

Fig. 7 is the time dependent 3-D view of soya bean imbibition in the water;

Fig. 8 is a soya bean shape coefficient and cubical expansivity rule over time in the water.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: the observation and the quantitative evaluation of coal grain dissolving expansion rule in the solution

Its concrete steps are as follows:

A. among the embodiment 1, it is 105 ℃ of vacuum drying 24 hours that observation has been used temperature with sample, and particle size range is the Chinese datong bitumite of 0.2～0.3mm, 0.3～0.6mm, 0.6～0.9mm, 0.9～1.0mm.

B. observation is adopted no solution and the solution dual mode is arranged, and carries out under room temperature (28 ℃) and environmental pressure.

C. not having solution observation is under the situation of not using solution, the validity of real example system.Fig. 3 is the 3-D view of no solution datong bitumite particle.Fig. 4 is the 3-D view of datong bitumite particle in the water.By Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 as seen, the coal grain has significant anisotropy, estimates from a direction merely that the coal plastochondria is long-pending can not to obtain result accurately.

D. the organic solution that has solution observation to use is the pyrrole heavy stone used as an anchor (pyridine) of reagent grade.Experiment is carried out under room temperature and environmental pressure, and 3ml pyrrole heavy stone used as an anchor injection of solution is advanced suprasil reactor 16, begins self-timing camera shooting and sampling (triple channel) after then 1～3 sample being put into the pyrrole heavy stone used as an anchor solution of reactor 16.6 hours initial stages sample interval is 10 minutes, and the sample interval was 30 minutes in 6 hours afterwards, and the sample interval was 60 minutes in last 12 hours, and all the camera shooting and sampling time is 24 hours continuously.

Datong District's stone coal particle in the pyrrole heavy stone used as an anchor solution (0.6～0.9mm) when t=0min and t=180min the 3-D view of three quadrature same particles that microscope is taken the photograph see Fig. 5.As seen from Figure 5, coal grain swelling has significant anisotropy in the pyrrole heavy stone used as an anchor solution, therefore, and only from a direction observation with to estimate the coal plastochondria long-pending and swelling ratio can not obtain accurately yet and information all sidedly.

Just in order to address this problem, improve measuring accuracy, the present invention adopts the microscope image pick-up observation of three-dimensional orthogonal configuration and analytic method that projected area, relative projected area, coal particle shape shape coefficient, volume and the volume change of macromolecule coal grain in no solution and the solution are carried out quantitative resolution, amasss and the swelling ratio Changing Pattern by average treatment 3 d image data acquisition coal particle shape shape coefficient, coal plastochondria.

Particle shape factor, particle volume swelling ratio are calculated by formula (2), promptly

Particle volume swelling ratio Q _{V, t}Calculate by formula (8), promptly

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{\left\{\frac{1}{3}\right[\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}^{3/2}}\right)+\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}^{3/2}}\right)+\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}^{3/2}}\right)]-y\}}{(1-y)}$

For datong bitumite, y=0.0152.

Particle size is 0.6～0.9mm datong bitumite, and in 28 ℃ of arsenic pyridines of temperature solution, the projected area of the three-dimensional that measures and projected area girth data over time see Table 1; The variation of the shape coefficient of the three-dimensional that measures and swelling volume and mean value thereof sees Table 2; In the arsenic pyridine solution that measures datong bitumite coating of particles coefficient and volume sweell(ing) rate over time rule see Fig. 6.

Embodiment 2: the observation and the quantitative evaluation of expansion growth rhythm in the living beings seed water

Its concrete steps are as follows:

A. formula (1)～(5) that provide among the embodiment 1 are applicable to living beings seed the dynamic observing and quantitative evaluation of swelling, germinating growth rule in water fully.

B. observing among the embodiment 2 and having used granularity with sample is the soya bean of 5.5 * 5.5 * 6.5mm.

C. the solution of observation use is water, carries out under room temperature (27 ℃) and environmental pressure.The 5ml pure water is injected into suprasil reactor 16, begins self-timing shooting (triple channel) after then the soya bean sample being put into the water of reactor 16.The automatic camera time interval, the automatic camera time was 24 hours continuously in order to be set at 1 minute.

Fig. 7 is the 3-D view of soya bean imbibition growth course in the water.Significant anisotropy only makes from the swelling growth course of a direction observation and quantitative evaluation soya bean can not obtain accurate and comprehensive information, and therefore, three-dimensional observation and evaluation become inevitable choice.

Particle shape factor is calculated by formula (2), promptly

The particle volume swelling ratio is calculated by formula (4), promptly

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{1}{3}\left\{\right[\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{1,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,0}}^{3/2}}]+[\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{2,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{2,0}}^{3/2}}]+[\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t\; P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{P}_{}^{}{}_{3,\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="t"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^{3/2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800161.png,A20091014387800162.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20091014387800181.png,A20091014387800182.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,0}}^{3/2}}\left]\right\}$

Three direction projected areas that measure and girth data over time see Table 3; The three parts who measures sees Table 4 to the variation of shape coefficient and three direction swelling volumes and mean value thereof; In the water that measures shape coefficient of soya bean and volume sweell(ing) rate over time rule see Fig. 8.

Three direction projected areas of the coal grain sample that table 1. is measured and girth be (data that Fig. 7 uses, 0.6～0.9mm datong bitumite, 28 ℃ of arsenic pyridine solution) over time

Time (branch)	P 1 (μm 2)	P 2 (μm 2)	P 3 (μm 2)	Girth 1 (μ m)	Girth 2 (μ m)	Girth 3 (μ m)
							0	10430	10269	13924	408.8	439.1	486.6
10	14254	13883	20473	483.9	511.9	592.6
							20	16191	14319	23354	514.9	519.7	630.6
30	17338	15742	24774	526.9	561.9	657.2
							40	18298	16483	26181	548.0	574.5	694.3
50	18566	17149	26928	553.5	588.4	700.5
							60	18759	17584	27281	554.6	595.6	709.7
70	19057	17650	27683	555.6	620.6	711.2
							80	19236	17775	27997	560.6	623.7	721.4
90	19591	17862	28405	560.3	625.2	721.7
							100	19824	18210	28404	566.7	632.7	721.0

180	20576	18517	29215	575.4	631.6	733.9
							220	20581	18676	29638	574.3	635.5	742.0
250	20595	18900	29720	575.1	637.0	737.1
							280	20600	18914	29896	575.5	630.5	736.8
310	20605	18958	30048	576.1	636.1	742.8
							340	20868	18973	30169	580.0	636.7	745.0
370	20900	19023	30345	579.4	639.1	748.6
							400	21043	19161	30381	581.1	643.1	756.4
500	21276	19645	30727	585.5	651.3	762.5
							560	21211	19692	30800	585.3	653.5	764.3
620	21292	19853	30885	588.1	660.9	765.9
							740	21350	19909	30960	589.1	662.1	767.3
860	21456	19950	30969	590.1	662.5	766.0
							980	21618	20204	31000	592.0	662.4	766.2
1000	21690	20191	31050	592.0	662.7	766.3
							1120	21707	20213	31101	592.0	662.5	766.5
1240	21754	20250	31105	592.1	663.0	766.8
							1360	21772	20253	31144	592.3	662.4	765.9

The shape coefficient of three directions of the coal grain sample that table 2. is measured and the variation of swelling ratio and mean value thereof (data that Fig. 7 uses, 0.6～0.9mm datong bitumite, 28 ℃ of arsenic pyridine solution)

Time (branch)	F 1 (-)	F 2 (-)	F 3 (-)	Q vt，1 (-)	Q vt，2 (-)	Q vt，3 (-)	Q vt (-)
								0	0.78	0.67	0.74	1	1	1	1
10	0.76	0.67	0.73	1.56	1.56	1.77	1.64
								20	0.77	0.67	0.74	1.89	1.64	2.17	1.91
30	0.78	0.63	0.72	2.14	1.78	2.31	2.10
								40	0.77	0.63	0.68	2.27	1.91	2.38	2.20
50	0.76	0.62	0.69	2.31	2.01	2.51	2.29
								60	0.77	0.62	0.68	2.36	2.09	2.53	2.34
70	0.78	0.58	0.69	2.44	1.94	2.61	2.35
								80	0.77	0.57	0.68	2.46	1.95	2.61	2.36
90	0.78	0.57	0.69	2.57	1.97	2.70	2.44
								100	0.78	0.57	0.69	2.59	2.02	2.71	2.46
180	0.78	0.58	0.68	2.76	2.11	2.80	2.58
								220	0.78	0.58	0.68	2.77	2.13	2.84	2.61
250	0.78	0.59	0.69	2.77	2.18	2.90	2.64
								280	0.78	0.60	0.69	2.77	2.23	2.95	2.67
310	0.78	0.59	0.68	2.76	2.21	2.94	2.66
								340	0.78	0.59	0.68	2.81	2.21	2.95	2.68
370	0.78	0.59	0.68	2.83	2.20	2.96	2.69

400	0.78	0.58	0.67	2.86	2.22	2.91	2.69
								500	0.78	0.58	0.66	2.90	2.30	2.95	2.74
560	0.78	0.58	0.66	2.88	2.30	2.95	2.74
								620	0.77	0.57	0.66	2.88	2.29	2.96	2.74
740	0.77	0.57	0.66	2.89	2.30	2.96	2.74
								860	0.77	0.57	0.66	2.91	2.31	2.98	2.76
980	0.78	0.58	0.66	2.95	2.39	2.98	2.80
								1000	0.78	0.58	0.66	2.97	2.38	2.99	2.81
1120	0.78	0.58	0.67	2.98	2.39	3.01	2.82
								1240	0.78	0.58	0.66	2.99	2.40	3.00	2.83
1360	0.78	0.58	0.67	3.00	2.40	3.02	2.83

Three direction projected areas of the soya bean sample that table 3. is measured and girth be (data that Fig. 9 uses, 5.5 * 5.5 * 6.5mm soya bean, 27 ℃ of pure water) over time

Time (branch)	P 1 (μm 2)	P 2 (μm 2)	P 3 (μm 2)	Girth 1 (μ m)	Girth 2 (μ m)	Girth 3 (μ m)
							0	80072	74916	61184	1088.6	1063.1	964
5.33	80805	76143	63832	1101.1	1074.6	987
							10.67	82746	77397	66748	1124.1	1081	1002.4
16	84034	77972	68533	1128.5	1081.2	1013.9
							21.33	85513	78176	70095	1132.1	1088.5	1025.8
26.67	86612	78281	70719	1140.8	1095.4	1028.3
							32	88492	78853	70832	1145.7	1095.3	1028.3
37.33	88755	80294	71137	1151.2	1096.7	1032.4
							42.67	89904	81312	71989	1165.8	1108.9	1032.0
48	92456	81623	72841	1187.2	1133.1	1039.3
							53.33	94559	83442	73217	1194.6	1143.0	1043.3
58.67	96874	85007	74181	1228.8	1152.9	1054.3
							64	98826	89424	75764	1250.9	1180.3	1069.1
69.33	100654	89938	77162	1256.1	1186.3	1093.2
							74.67	104385	95982	77656	1288.1	1209.2	1093.5
80	105441	98376	79045	1290.9	1230.5	1109.4
							85.33	106921	101029	81077	1291.8	1246.6	1113.6
90.67	110415	101935	82093	1298.7	1252.6	1116.9
							96	111956	105185	83779	1322	1285.8	1138.3
101.33	111210	107132	84994	1325	1307.5	1152.5
							106.67	115487	107248	86248	1345.1	1308.2	1160.3
112	119399	107817	87069	1352.9	1308.6	1164.3
							117.33	120374	108039	89119	1354.9	1308.7	1175.4
122.67	124029	108465	90403	1381.5	1316.5	1177.5
							128	124425	111400	91900	1386.8	1320.3	1189.4
133.33	126027	113053	92020	1389.6	1323.7	1190.2

138.67	127263	115154	93206	1392.7	1333.8	1195.4
							144	128146	117863	93650	1404.4	1363.5	1199.6
149.33	130129	120108	94049	1412.7	1376.5	1206.9
							154.67	131395	120498	94483	1428.5	1383.6	1217.2
160	132041	124174	96494	1438.4	1402.9	1226.4
							165.33	135607	126129	97388	1457.2	1426.8	1244.9
170.67	137305	128201	98639	1463.4	1429.2	1246.5
							176	140256	130866	99074	1494.3	1464.6	1259.6
181.33	141213	132459	101146	1522.3	1479.1	1269.1
							186.67	142830	133972	101844	1526.3	1490.1	1289.1
192	145851	135383	101892	1531.9	1500.1	1278.9
							197.33	147295	137376	102755	1545.1	1511.9	1276.4
202.67	148025	138175	105715	1545.1	1514	1287.6
							208	149355	139446	106403	1553.8	1521	1295.1
213.33	150686	139989	109657	1557.6	1525.9	1314.7
							277.33	156867	143403	113532	1595.2	1546.5	1343.4
341.33	158129	145834	114142	1599.6	1561.6	1347.3
							469.33	159375	149397	114991	1618.7	1581.6	1365.6
597.33	159919	151306	115270	1623.7	1590.8	1367.0
							853.33	160000	152929	115313	1624.2	1594.8	1374.9
1109.33	160082	153777	115643	1625	1600.8	1380.3
							1388.8	160360	154470	115924	1626.6	1601.7	1386.9

The shape coefficient of the soya bean sample that table 4. is measured and the variation of swelling volume and mean value thereof (data that Fig. 9 uses, 5.5 * 5.5 * 6.5mm soya bean, 27 ℃ of pure water)

Time (branch)	F 1 (-)	F 2 (-)	F 3 (-)	Q vt，1 (-)	Q vt，2 (-)	Q vt，3 (-)	Q vt (-)
								0	0.849	0.833	0.827	1	1	1	1.000
5.33	0.838	0.829	0.823	1.000	1.019	1.061	1.027
								10.67	0.823	0.832	0.835	1.018	1.049	1.150	1.072
16	0.829	0.838	0.838	1.050	1.068	1.200	1.106
								21.33	0.838	0.829	0.837	1.090	1.061	1.241	1.131
26.67	0.836	0.820	0.840	1.108	1.051	1.262	1.141
								32	0.847	0.826	0.842	1.159	1.071	1.267	1.166
37.33	0.842	0.839	0.839	1.157	1.117	1.271	1.182
								42.67	0.831	0.831	0.849	1.165	1.128	1.310	1.201
48	0.824	0.799	0.847	1.205	1.091	1.331	1.209
								53.33	0.833	0.803	0.845	1.258	1.133	1.337	1.243
58.67	0.806	0.804	0.839	1.264	1.166	1.353	1.261
								64	0.794	0.807	0.833	1.282	1.263	1.387	1.311
69.33	0.802	0.803	0.811	1.331	1.268	1.389	1.329

74.67	0.791	0.825	0.816	1.386	1.436	1.410	1.411
								80	0.795	0.816	0.807	1.415	1.475	1.432	1.441
85.33	0.805	0.817	0.822	1.463	1.536	1.515	1.505
								90.67	0.823	0.816	0.827	1.569	1.556	1.553	1.559
96	0.805	0.799	0.813	1.567	1.597	1.574	1.579
								101.33	0.796	0.787	0.804	1.534	1.617	1.591	1.581
106.67	0.802	0.788	0.805	1.636	1.619	1.629	1.628
								112	0.820	0.791	0.807	1.758	1.640	1.656	1.685
117.33	0.824	0.793	0.811	1.789	1.648	1.722	1.720
								122.67	0.817	0.786	0.819	1.854	1.645	1.779	1.759
128	0.813	0.803	0.816	1.855	1.748	1.816	1.806
								133.33	0.820	0.811	0.816	1.907	1.804	1.820	1.844
138.67	0.825	0.813	0.820	1.946	1.861	1.863	1.890
								144	0.816	0.797	0.818	1.947	1.887	1.872	1.902
149.33	0.819	0.797	0.811	1.999	1.941	1.869	1.937
								154.67	0.809	0.791	0.801	2.003	1.937	1.859	1.933
160	0.802	0.793	0.806	2.000	2.031	1.930	1.987
								165.33	0.803	0.779	0.790	2.083	2.042	1.917	2.014
170.67	0.806	0.789	0.798	2.131	2.120	1.974	2.075
								176	0.789	0.767	0.785	2.155	2.125	1.954	2.078
181.33	0.766	0.761	0.789	2.112	2.147	2.027	2.096
								186.67	0.770	0.758	0.770	2.162	2.177	1.999	2.113
192	0.781	0.756	0.783	2.261	2.205	2.033	2.167
								197.33	0.775	0.755	0.793	2.278	2.251	2.085	2.205
202.67	0.779	0.758	0.801	2.307	2.278	2.200	2.261
								208	0.777	0.757	0.797	2.332	2.309	2.210	2.284
213.33	0.780	0.756	0.797	2.373	2.317	2.312	2.334
								277.33	0.775	0.753	0.791	2.502	2.396	2.415	2.437
341.33	0.777	0.752	0.790	2.538	2.450	2.434	2.474
								469.33	0.764	0.751	0.775	2.528	2.537	2.413	2.493
597.33	0.762	0.751	0.775	2.534	2.589	2.423	2.515
								853.33	0.762	0.756	0.767	2.535	2.646	2.397	2.526
1109.33	0.762	0.754	0.763	2.536	2.662	2.396	2.531
								1388.8	0.762	0.757	0.757	2.542	2.689	2.387	2.540

Claims (4)

1. three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device, comprise three microscopes (1,2,3), three ccd video cameras (4,5,6), three data lines (7,8,9) and computing machine (10), it is characterized in that: described device uses three omnipotent stands (11,12,13) three-dimensional orthogonal to fix three microscopes (1,2,3), three microscopes (1,2,3) link to each other with three ccd video cameras (4,5,6) respectively, and three data lines (7,8,9) of three ccd video cameras (4,5,6) are connected with computing machine (10) respectively; Reactor stand (14) three-dimensional position is adjustable, and reactor stand (14) is gone up and placed quartz glass reactor (16), places sample (17) and solution in the quartz glass reactor (16); Two lamp holders of multiple spot optical fiber cold light source (15) are arranged on the above and below of sample (17); Two background colour tables that help gets a distinct image are placed at horizontal direction rear at quartz glass transparency reactor (16).

2. three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the focusing distance d of three microscopes (1,2,3) _i(i=1,2,3)=40～110mm, three microscopes (1,2,3) eyepiece enlargement ratio f _i(i=1,2,3)=0.68～4.5.

3. three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described reactor stand (14) has transparency window.

4. the quantitative image method of a three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:

A. utilize method such as density tonsure centrifuging to obtain granularity, density is relative with composition even, 2～6 groups of observations of storing state unanimity are with samples (17);

B. observation is adopted no solution and the solution dual mode is arranged, and has solution observation to use organic solution or water; Observation can be carried out under room temperature and environmental pressure, also can carry out under control temperature and controlled pressure condition;

When c. solution observation arranged, under observed temperature and pressure, at first 3～5ml injection of solution is advanced transparency silica glass reactor (16), begun by setting-up time three-dimensional orthogonality microscope image pick-up observation device (triple channel) self-timing camera shooting and sampling after then sample (17) being put into the solution of quartz glass reactor (16);

D. projected area, the projected area girth of no liquor sample (17) three-dimensional are measured; Calculate the shape coefficient and the volume of (17) three directions of same sample then; Obtain the shape coefficient and the volume of sample (17) at last by the average treatment 3 d image data;

The volume V of sample (17) calculates by formula (1):

$V=\frac{\frac{4}{3\sqrt{\mathrm{\&pi;}}}{(F_1{P}_1+F_2{P}_2+F_3{P}_3)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula (1), P ₁, P ₂, P ₃Be respectively the projected area of (17) three directions of same sample that three-dimensional orthogonal microscopic obtains; F ₁, F ₂, F ₃Be respectively the shape coefficient of (17) three directions of same sample that three-dimensional orthogonal microscopic obtains, calculate by formula (2):

E. projected area, the projected area girth of sample in the solution (17) three-dimensional image are measured; Calculate shape coefficient, the volume change of (17) three directions of same sample then; Obtain sample (17) shape coefficient and volume change by the average treatment 3 d image data at last;

Sample (17) is at t volume change (Q constantly _{V, t}) be defined as t sample (17) volume (V constantly _t) and sample (17) volume (V constantly ₀) ratio, formula (3):

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{V_t}{V_0}---\left(3\right)$

Consider the scrambling of the shape of sample (17) own and the anisotropy characteristics of sample (17) volume change, the t that three microscopes are recorded separately constantly the arithmetic mean of sample (17) volume change as sample (17) in t volume change constantly, formula (4);

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{1}{3}\left\{\right[\frac{F_{1,t}{P}_{1,t}^{3/2}}{F_{\mathrm{1,0}}{P}_{\mathrm{1,0}}^{3/2}}]+[\frac{F_{\mathrm{2,0}}{P}_{2,t}^{3/2}}{F_{\mathrm{2,0}}{P}_{\mathrm{2,0}}^{3/2}}]+[\frac{F_{3,t}{P}_{3,t}^{3/2}}{F_{\mathrm{3,0}}{P}_{\mathrm{3,0}}^{3/2}}\left]\right\}---\left(4\right)$

In the formula (4), F _i, t (i=1,2,3) be t constantly sample (17) at x, y, the shape coefficient of three directions of z; F _{I, 0}(i=1,2,3) be zero constantly sample (17) at x, y, the shape coefficient of three directions of z; P _{I, t}(i=1,2,3) be t constantly sample (17) at x, y, the projected area of three directions of z; P _{I, 0}(i=1,2,3) be zero constantly sample (17) at x, y, the projected area of three directions of z; Formula (4) can be abbreviated as formula (5);

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{1}{3}(Q_{1v,t}+Q_{2v,t}+Q_{3v,t})---\left(5\right)$

In the formula (5), Q _{Iv, t}(i=1,2,3) be t constantly sample (17) at x, y, the volume change of three directions of z;

Because the constancy of volume material that contains in the sample, should from sample (17) volume, deduct as the volume of dirt etc.; Employing formula (6) amendment type (4) and formula (5);

$Q_{\mathrm{dmmf}}=\frac{(Q_{\mathrm{measured}}-y)}{(1-y)}---\left(6\right)$

In the formula (6), Q _DmmfBe the volume change of the dry no volume change material sample of base (17), Q _MeasuredVolume change for observation sample (17);

Revised formula (4) and formula (5) become formula (8) and formula (9);

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{\left\{\frac{1}{3}\right[\left(\frac{F_{1,t}{P}_{1,t}^{3/2}}{F_{\mathrm{1,0}}{P}_{\mathrm{1,0}}^{3/2}}\right)+\left(\frac{F_{2,t}{P}_{2,t}^{3/2}}{F_{\mathrm{2,0}}{P}_{\mathrm{2,0}}^{3/2}}\right)+\left(\frac{F_{3,t}{P}_{3,t}^{3/2}}{F_{\mathrm{3,0}}{P}_{\mathrm{3,0}}^{3/2}}\right)]-y\}}{(1-y)}---\left(8\right)$

$Q_{v,t}=\frac{\{\frac{1}{3}(Q_{1v,t}+Q_{2v,t}+Q_{3v,t})-y\}}{(1-y)}---\left(9\right)$

Formula (8) and formula (9) are the general-purpose computations formulas of the long-pending rate of change of sample body among the present invention (17); When y=0, when promptly sample (17) did not contain the constancy of volume material, formula (8) and formula (9) became formula (4) and formula (5).

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