CN101560764A - 间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法 - Google Patents
间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101560764A CN101560764A CNA2009100689846A CN200910068984A CN101560764A CN 101560764 A CN101560764 A CN 101560764A CN A2009100689846 A CNA2009100689846 A CN A2009100689846A CN 200910068984 A CN200910068984 A CN 200910068984A CN 101560764 A CN101560764 A CN 101560764A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- jet grouting
- soil
- backfill
- exploratory hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- SXYIRMFQILZOAM-HVNFFKDJSA-N (3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,10S,12R,12aR)-10-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyldecahydro-3,12-epoxypyrano[4,3-j][1,2]benzodioxepines Chemical group data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
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Abstract
本发明公开了间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法，它包括以下步骤：(a)确定勘察钻孔的深度、钻孔的各土层土质和厚度，以及地下水位埋深；(b)确定承压含水层的位置和勘察钻孔内塌孔严重的位置作为加固区，在所述的勘察钻孔内位于所述的加固区之外的位置作为回填风干粘土泥球区；(c)从所述的勘察钻孔底部至顶部分别对所述的步骤(b)中确定的加固区及回填风干粘土泥球区进行处理直至封堵到地表面。本发明方法在勘察孔揭穿的承压含水层顶板以上以及在塌孔严重区采取旋喷注浆，其它区间依然采用粘土球回填压实的封堵方法，可以保证封堵质量，避免发生涌水现象，极大的节省了工程造价。
Description
间隔式高压旋喷注桨封堵勘察孔的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及勘察孔或地层中其它孔洞的封堵方法，尤其涉及一种应用高压旋喷注浆形成 间隔式注浆短柱体以封堵地层中勘察孔的方法，适用于对地层中存在勘察孔或存在其它地质 缺陷类孔洞时需要采取封堵措施以防止发生塌孔或涌水等工程事故领域，可主要应用于基坑 工程领域，其它如隧道工程领域、地基处理工程领域等。
背景技术
随着建筑工程向"建筑高度高、基础埋置深"两个方向发展，基坑工程等地下工程施工 深度日益增大，常涉及到地下潜水层以下的承压^"水层，面临突涌、流砂、管涌等渗流破坏 问题，因地下水问题导致的工程事故往往是灾难性的。工程实践及实验证明工程现场因常规 方法封堵质量不良的地质勘察孔往往是造成涌水事故的直接原因。
目前已有的技术包括：高压旋喷注桨加固技术和粘土球回填封堵技术。
高压旋喷注桨技术是采用一定的方式成孔，借助高压脉冲泵使注入剂形成高压喷射流， 通过喷射装置高速水平喷入土体，借助高压喷射流的切削和混合，使硬化剂和土体混合，从 而达到提高土体强度和降低渗透性的目的。该技术受土层厚、土的粒径及密度、硬化剂粘性 及硬化时间的影响较小，适用于淤泥、软弱粘性土、砂土甚至砂卵石等多种土质地层；可釆 用水泥作为主要硬化剂，对不同土质，加固体强度可达到0.5〜10MPa，渗透系数降低到 10—7〜10—9cm/S。高压旋喷注浆技术的优点是加固土体强度高、渗透系数低，封堵质量高；缺点 是连续注浆时注浆体体积大，水泥用量多，造价高。
粘土球回填技术是在地层钻孔中，投入风干粘土泥球，严格控制每次投入孔内的风干粘 土泥球数量，用穿心锤或击实器分层击实，每层击实厚度不应大于0. 3米。粘土球回填技术
3的优点是施工简单方便，造价低廉；缺点是封堵质量常难得到保证。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服己有技术的不足，提供一种保证勘察孔封堵良好，杜绝勘察孔涌 水的现象发生，施工简便、造价低廉的间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法。 本发明的间隔式高压旋喷注桨封堵勘察孔的方法，它包括以H^步骤：
(a) 确定勘察钻孔的深度、钻孔的各土层土质和厚度，以及地下水位埋深；
(b) 确定承压含水层的位置和勘察钻孔内塌孔严重的位置作为加固区，在所述的勘察钻 孔内位于所述的加固区之外的位置作为回填风干粘土泥球区；
(C)从所述的勘察钻孔底部至顶部分别对所述的步骤（b)中确定的加固区及回填风千 粘土泥球区进行处理直至封堵到地表面，其中对于所述的加固区分别在所述的承压含水层的 顶板上部采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷高度为0. 3〜2. 0米，直径为1. 0〜2. 5m的水泥土加 固柱体并且在钻孔内塌孔严重的位置顶板下部以及底面上部分别采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术 旋喷高度为0. 3〜2. 0米，直径为1. 0〜2. 5m的水泥土加固柱体或者在所述的钻孔内塌孔严重 的位置顶板以及底面之间采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷直径为1.0〜2.5m，高度为坍塌高 度的水泥土加固柱体；对于回填风干粘土泥球区回填风干粘土泥球并用穿心锤或击实器分层 击实，每层击实厚度不大于0. 3m。
本发明方法和已有技术相比具有以下优点：在勘察孔揭穿的承压含水层顶板以上0.3〜 2. 3米范围内形成直径1. 0〜2. 5m的水泥浆和土混合加固柱体，强度达0. 5〜10MPa，渗透系 数达10—7〜10—9cm/s，可以保证封堵质量，避免发生涌水现象；在局部如含水层顶板以上和塌 孔严重区采取旋喷注浆加固，其它区间依然采用粘土球回填压实的封堵方法，可以极大的节 省工程造价，且施工简便。本发明方法保证了封堵质量，同时造价低廉、施工简便，兼具高 压旋喷注浆技术和粘土球回填技术的优点。
附图说明图1为本发明的间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法实施时回填风干粘土球的示意
图；
图2为高压旋喷注浆加固的示意图；
图3为回填粘土球和高压旋喷注浆加固反复操作至封堵到地面时的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
本发明的基本原理是:对于需要封堵的勘察孔，根据其揭露的土层状况，分别采用粘土球 回填封堵技术和高压旋喷注桨加固技术进行回填封堵，保证封堵质量，避免涌水、流砂等现 象发生。对于孔内较易于封堵的土层如孔壁保护良好的粘土层或粉土层，采用风干粘土泥球 封堵技术，对于孔内不易于封堵的土层如由砂砾石组成的承压含水层或塌孔严重的土层，采 用高压旋喷注浆加固技术封堵。
高压喷射注浆加固技术是利用钻机把带有喷嘴的注浆管钻进至勘察孔内土层的预定位置 后，以高压设备使浆液或水成为15Mpa以上的高压流从喷嘴中喷射出来，冲击破坏土体，使 土粒从土体剥落下来，与浆液搅拌混合，浆液凝固后，便在土中形成一个高强度、低渗透性 的加固体。粘土球回填技术是在勘察孔中，投入定量的风干粘土泥球，用穿心缍或击实器分 层击实，每层击实厚度不应大于0. 3米，直至回填击实到勘察孔内预定高度。
基于上述原理本发明方法包括以下步骤：本发明的间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方 法，它包括以下步骤：（a)确定勘察钻孔的深度、钻孔的各土层土质和厚度，以及地下水位 埋深；（b)确定承压含水层的位置和勘察钻孔内塌孔严重的位置作为加固区，在所述的勘察 钻孔内位于所述的加固区之外的位置作为回填风干粘土泥球区；（c)从所述的勘察钻孔底部 至顶部分别对所述的步骤（b)中确定的加固区及回填风干粘土泥球区进行处理直至封堵到地 表面，其中对于所述的加固区在所述的承压含水层的顶板上部采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋 喷高度为0. 3〜2. 0米，直径为1. 0〜2. 5m的水泥土加固柱体，然后根据工程造价以及工程实际的需求还可以按照预定的间距再采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷高度为0. 3〜2. 0米，直径 为1.0〜2.5m的多个水泥土加固柱体以进一步提高封堵质量。在钻孔内塌孔严重的位置顶板 下部以及底面上部分别采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷高度为0.3〜2.0米，直径为1.0〜 2. 5m的水泥土加固柱体，然后在形成的上、下两个水泥土加固柱体之间回填风干粘土泥球，或 者在整个钻孔内塌孔严重的位置顶板以及底面之间采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷直径为 1.0〜2.5m，高度为坍塌高度的水泥土加固柱体；对于回填风干粘土泥球区即除去所述的水泥 土加固柱体之外的勘察钻孔位置回填风干粘土泥球并用穿心锤或击实器分层击实，每层击实 厚度不大于0. 3m。
所述的高压旋喷注浆加固技术可以包括以下步骤：下水泥浆喷射管，水泥浆在15MPa以 上压力作用下，通过喷射管由喷射头上直径为2〜3rnm的横向喷嘴向土中水平喷射，在此同时 钻杆一边以一定的速度旋转， 一边提升，相应位置的旋喷注浆加固完成后，拔出水泥浆喷射管。
如图1所示为采用本发明的间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法首先回填风干粘土球 1，如图2所示然后在承压含水层的的顶板上部釆用高压旋喷注浆加固技术采用注浆管2旋喷 形成注浆加固体3，然后分别再对不同的位置采用回填风干粘土球或高压旋喷注桨加固方法 处理，完成图如图3所示。'
实施例1
某地铁车站基坑工程长190. Om，宽20.7m，釆取明挖法施工，支护结构为地连墙和内支 撑，基坑挖深14.070m。坑内遗留5眼勘察孔，勘察孔揭露了坑底5〜7m处的粉砂承压含水 层，该承压含水层水头埋深约lm,对基坑开挖具有突涌危险。封堵不良的勘察孔是造成基坑 工程突涌事故的安全薄弱点，为消除突涌安全隐患，在降水设计之煎对坑内5眼勘察孔进行 重新封堵。根据岩土工程勘察报告，判定坑底5〜7m以下存在一层厚度约2〜4m的承压含水 层，于是对每眼勘察孔孔深18〜19m处采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术形成高度为1. Om、直径1. 5m的盘状加固体。高压旋喷注浆时形成的钻孔由风干粘土泥球回填并分层压实至地表面，每层 击实厚度不大于0.3m。高压旋喷注浆采用二重管法，应用2DN-25/80型泥浆泵。粘土球直径 为2cm0
实施例2
某大型交通枢纽基坑工程开挖面积2万m2，开挖深度32.5m，采取盖挖逆作法施工。前 期的工程勘察需要在基坑开挖范围内留下23个勘探孔，这些钻孔会连通基坑开挖范围内的各 个含水层，为基坑工程安全带来潜在的威胁，且该工程采用为盖挖逆作方法施工， 一旦出现 突涌险情，极难采取应急补救措施。勘探孔勘探工作完成后，在勘探孔揭露的分别位于埋深 41〜45m和21〜24m的两粉砂承压含水层层顶及埋深32. 5处的基坑坑底应用高压旋喷注浆加 固技术形成三个直径2.5m、高度1.5m的盘状加固体，孔内其余空间回填直径25mm的风干粘 土泥球并分层击实，每层击实厚度不大于0. 3m。高压旋喷注浆采用多重管法，应用3W-6B型 高压水泵。
实施例3
某基坑工程挖深12. 6m，开挖面积1. 5万m2，采用明挖法，受坑底7m以下一层分布广泛、 厚度约3m的粉砂承压含水层突涌威胁，坑内18眼勘察孔中5眼勘察孔在坑底位置存在严重 塌孔现象，塌孔长度为1〜2米不等。对于每一眼未发生塌孔的勘察孔，在埋深19米处向上 采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术形成三个直径2.0ra、高度0.3m的盘状加固体，盘状加固体间距 2.0米，孔内其余空间回填直径23mm的风干粘土泥球并分层击实。对于发生塌孔的5眼勘察 孔，在坑底位置'即埋深12. 6m以下采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术在枬塌位置的顶面和底面之间 形成一个直径2.0m、高度l'.5m的短柱状加固体，另外在埋深19米处向上也采用高压旋喷注 浆加固技术形成三个直径2.0m、高度0.3m的盘状加固体，孔内其余空间回填直径23ram的风 干粘土泥球并分层击实。高压旋喷注浆采用多重管法，应用3W-6B型高压水泵。
7实施例4
某河堤防工程对地质勘察的钻探孔进行封堵，钻孔深27. 8m,钻探孔内埋深20m以下存在 一层分布广泛、厚度约4m的粉砂承压含水层，承压含水层水位埋深约lm，孔内其他部分为粘 土层和粉土层，地表以下3m内为人工填土层。为保证封孔质量，钻孔资料搜集完毕，立即回 填封孔。首先回填粘土球并分层击实（每层击实厚度不大于0.3m)至承压含水层顶板，在承 压含水层顶板以上即埋深20m之上采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术形成一个直径2. 0m、高度1. 5m 的短柱状加固体。注浆加固后撤出注浆管，继续回填粘土球并分层击实至地表面。回填所用 的风干粘土泥球直径为20mm，粘土粒应大于30% ,塑性指数为18。高压旋喷注桨采用多重 管法，应用3W-6B型高压水泵。
Claims (2)
1.间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤： (a)确定勘察钻孔的深度、钻孔的各土层土质和厚度，以及地下水位埋深； (b)确定承压含水层的位置和勘察钻孔内塌孔严重的位置作为加固区，在所述的勘察钻孔内位于所述的加固区之外的位置作为回填风干粘土泥球区； (c)从所述的勘察钻孔底部至顶部分别对所述的步骤(b)中确定的加固区及回填风干粘土泥球区进行处理直至封堵到地表面，其中对于所述的加固区分别在所述的承压含水层的顶板上部采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷高度为0.3～2.0米，直径为1.0～2.5m的水泥土加固柱体并且在钻孔内塌孔严重的位置顶板下部以及底面上部分别采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷高度为0.3～2.0米，直径为1.0～2.5m的水泥土加固柱体或者在所述的塌孔严重的位置顶板以及底面之间采用高压旋喷注浆加固技术旋喷直径为1.0～2.5m，高度为坍塌高度的水泥土加固柱体；对于回填风干粘土泥球区回填风干粘土泥球并用穿心锤或击实器分层击实，每层击实厚度不大于0.3m。
2.根据权利要求1所述的间隔式高压旋喷注浆封堵勘察孔的方法，其特征在于：在所 述的承压含水层的顶板上部设置的水泥土加固柱体之上按照预定的间距设置多个水泥土 加固柱体。
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102979105A (zh) * | 2012-12-15 | 2013-03-20 | 天津大学 | 一种井孔注浆隔渗的地下水控制方法 |
| CN102995647A (zh) * | 2012-12-15 | 2013-03-27 | 天津大学 | 一种桩孔注浆隔渗的地下水控制方法 |
| CN110017153A (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-16 | 山东大学 | 一种岩溶隧道运营期底板离层旋喷注浆工艺及注浆装置 |
| CN110185047A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 湖北建科国际工程有限公司 | 一种地质勘查钻孔回填方法 |
| CN112064445A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-11 | 郑州地铁集团有限公司 | 一种封堵轨道交通工程勘察钻孔的方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102979105A (zh) * | 2012-12-15 | 2013-03-20 | 天津大学 | 一种井孔注浆隔渗的地下水控制方法 |
| CN102995647A (zh) * | 2012-12-15 | 2013-03-27 | 天津大学 | 一种桩孔注浆隔渗的地下水控制方法 |
| CN102995647B (zh) * | 2012-12-15 | 2014-12-17 | 天津大学 | 一种桩孔注浆隔渗的地下水控制方法 |
| CN110017153A (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-16 | 山东大学 | 一种岩溶隧道运营期底板离层旋喷注浆工艺及注浆装置 |
| CN110017153B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-01-10 | 山东大学 | 一种岩溶隧道运营期底板离层旋喷注浆工艺及注浆装置 |
| CN110185047A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 湖北建科国际工程有限公司 | 一种地质勘查钻孔回填方法 |
| CN112064445A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-11 | 郑州地铁集团有限公司 | 一种封堵轨道交通工程勘察钻孔的方法 |
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