CN101559578B - Coreless abrasive machining measurement and control system and corresponding coreless abrasive machining method - Google Patents
Coreless abrasive machining measurement and control system and corresponding coreless abrasive machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101559578B CN101559578B CN 200910065093 CN200910065093A CN101559578B CN 101559578 B CN101559578 B CN 101559578B CN 200910065093 CN200910065093 CN 200910065093 CN 200910065093 A CN200910065093 A CN 200910065093A CN 101559578 B CN101559578 B CN 101559578B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coreless abrasive machining measurement and control system and a corresponding coreless abrasive machining method. Combining with the fact that the coreless abrasive machining workpiece errors are mainly caused by the abrasion of a grinding wheel and a guide wheel, the coreless abrasive machining method samples and processes error signals through a workpiece error detection system in a coreless abrasive machining system, and sends the error signals to a PC computer system through a communication interface converter, and the PC computer system calculates the adjusted quantity and outputs signals to control a grinding wheel finisher, a guide wheel finisher and a feed mechanism driving system so as to achieve the finishing of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel and the adjustment of the feed mechanism. The measurement and control system and the method are mainly used for solving the problems that the prior system and the implement method thereof have a complex control method and are designed integrally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system and corresponding centerless grinding method for processing, belong to grinding and detect control field.
Background technology
Traditional parts measurement method usually adopts off-line measurement, need to transfer to measurement device (such as coordinate measuring machine) to tested part from process equipment, sometimes even need repeatedly repeatedly, thereby increase processing charges, reduce production efficiency, therefore the development trend of mechanical processing quality assurance is: make the more close process of quality assurance by all replace the control of off-line measurement and statistical quality with on-line measurement, guarantee that it is exactly certified products that part unloads from process equipment.
Grinding is a very complicated process, affects the many factors of process, and grinding mechanism is familiar with not clearly and the difficulty of grinding process state-detection, develops the most slowly one of method in the machining so that it becomes.Traditional grinding also rests on the basis of manually-operated adjustment; employing open loop control; its machining accuracy depends on lathe itself; it does not obtain workpiece actual state and variation tendency thereof in the grinding process; do not have self-adjusting; adaptive characteristic; it decides the journey error; the abrasion of grinding wheel situation; blank dimension variation and the variation of grinding process dynamic characteristic etc. all can have influence on machining accuracy; the precision of processing work mainly depends on operator's experience; guarantee by constantly shutting down manual inspection; have a strong impact on the efficient of processing and the quality of processing work, caused the waste of the energy.
The approach of raising centerless grinder machining accuracy is two classes nothing but: the one, " error is avoided method ", another kind of is " error compensation method ".Error avoids method to reduce error by improving the own precision of lathe (such as the kinematic accuracy of the rigidity of machine tool, feed mechanism, positioning accuracy etc.), but the raising along with the precision of lathe own, the cost increase that brings is huge, and for the interference of some X factors, lack effective adaptability to changes, thereby its adaptability and robustness all be disturbed, and is limited to improving machining accuracy." error compensation method " then detects the workpiece actual size by online measuring technique and changes and the process system running status, the error that may occur carried out effective compensation, thereby reach higher machining accuracy.Effectively " error compensation method " can process at the lathe of general precision and have than the more high-precision workpiece of lathe itself, thereby it is feasible more economically, more rising.
" error compensation method " will realize that control system can adopt various ways by Development of Grinding Machines'Control System beyond doubt.And traditional control mode often requires object that accurate Mathematical Modeling is arranged.In the manufacture process, the many factors of influence process process and machining accuracy is difficult to obtain accurate Mathematical Modeling, and simultaneously, the online detection of machining state also is not easy to realize.Thereby be difficult to realize that grinding is especially true based on the manufacture process On-line Control of traditional control theory and method.
Along with deepening continuously that Adaptive Control Theory and computer technology are used, effectively compensate the dynamic error in the centerless grinder process, improve machining accuracy and production efficiency and become possibility.For the control research of centerless grinder machining accuracy, have many Research Literatures and achievement both at home and abroad at present.The basic thought of these researchs is by utilizing line Measurement Technique, based on control theory control and compensation error, to improve machining accuracy and the production efficiency of workpiece.But the method that present research is adopted mainly is based on the real-time detection compensation in the process, increased the system realization difficulty, it is too high that ubiquity the control system hardware cost, and mostly be integrated design, and extensibility and the durability of its hardware architecture are poor; The control and compensation algorithm is too complicated, and its error control method is not suitable for the transformation to the centerless grinder of Traditional Man operation, adjustment not in conjunction with the feature of grinding.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly based on the simple centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system of modularized design, control method and corresponding centerless grinding method for processing, have the problem that control method is complicated and be the integrated design with solving existing system and its implementation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system, this system comprises the workpiece error detecting system, the detection signal output interface of described workpiece error detecting system is electrically connected with the external communication interface of PC computer system by a communication interface converter, and the control signal output of described PC computer system is electrically connected with the control signal input of dresser and guide wheel trimmer and feed mechanism drive system and is used for realizing the finishing of emery wheel and guide wheel and the adjustment of feed mechanism.
Described workpiece error detecting system comprises the sensor for detection of the workpiece error, the error output signal that this sensor detects is electrically connected with the signal input that a signal is processed buffer circuit, described signal is processed the signal of buffer circuit and is exported the I/O mouth that is connected into a single-chip microcomputer, and other I/O mouth of this single-chip microcomputer is connected respectively and is useful on the counter switch input signal that detects the processing work number, be used for judging whether the inductive switch of tested processing work input signal is arranged on the detection platform, the switching value output signal that is used for the action of control sorting and detent mechanism, the input signal of communication interface circuit and enable signal, keyboard and display unit.
Described signal is processed buffer circuit and is comprised circuit for amplifying differential signal, the input of described circuit for amplifying differential signal is electrically connected with the error output signal of described sensor, the output signal of circuit for amplifying differential signal is connected with the input of a two-stage see-saw circuit with the output signal stack of a reference voltage source generation is rear, the output signal of described two-stage see-saw circuit is electrically connected with the input of a pressure/frequency translation circuit, this pressure/output signal of translation circuit is electrically connected with the input of a frequency/pressure translation circuit by a photoisolator frequently, and the output signal of described frequency/pressure translation circuit is connected into an I/O mouth of single-chip microcomputer by an emitter follower.
Be connected with a high frequency crystal oscillator between a pair of oscillator input of single-chip microcomputer and the oscillator output end in the described workpiece error detecting system, it another is to being connected with the low frequency crystal oscillator between oscillator input and the oscillator output end.
The drive system of described dresser and guide wheel trimmer and feed mechanism comprises the pci bus motion control card, described pci bus motion control card is electrically connected with the pci bus interface of described PC computer system, the corresponding feed mechanism motor driver that connects of three groups of drive output signal of this pci bus motion control card, grinding wheel drive motor driver and guide wheel trimmer motor driver, the corresponding a pair of limit switch signal that connects feed mechanism of the input of described pci bus motion control card, the a pair of limit switch signal of dresser and a pair of limit switch signal of guide wheel trimmer.
Described communication interface converter comprises the RS485 communication interface chip, and described RS485 communication interface chip and USB are electrically connected with the asynchronous serial port conversion chip and are used for realizing that 485 level signals arrive the conversion of USB level signal again to 232 level signals.
A kind of centerless grinding method for processing, the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) system starts and parameters: start the PC computer system, the grinding dressing timing of bound, emery wheel and the guide wheel of processing work error is set, open detection system and drive system are confirmed the duty of whole system and are transmitted relevant parameters;
(2) drive feed mechanism, dresser and guide wheel trimmer: if prepare first being processed in centerless grinding, by artificial according to the size of processing work, the abrasion condition of emery wheel guide wheel, the driving finishing of the amount of feeding, dresser and guide wheel trimmer by PC computer system control feed mechanism; If carry out in the process in centerless grinding processing, then automatically control the adjustment amount of feed mechanism and automatically control dresser and the guide wheel trimmer is repaired guide wheel, emery wheel according to the finishing timing of guide wheel, emery wheel;
(3) feeding processing: if just begun to process, then behind the artificial adjustment feed mechanism amount of feeding, trimming wheel, guide wheel, the beginning feeding is processed; If in process, because automatically adjusting the amount of feeding, trimming wheel and guide wheel or interrupting because of the feeding processing that the signal input that detects limit switch causes, then after normal condition is recovered by system, restart feeding and process;
(4) detect at times the processing work error: utilize counter switch that the processing work through it is counted, when the count value of processing work reaches the numerical value of setting, this processing work is delivered to detection platform, the unison counter zero clearing, restart counting until next time counting reach setting value; If the inductive switch of detection system is sensed processing work, then the single-chip microcomputer output switch amount signal controlling detent mechanism of detection system is given tested processing work location, then by the error-detecting sensor workpiece is measured and with the error signal of measuring, through filtering, amplify, conversion, send into the single-chip microcomputer of detection system after the isolation, then according to the error range that detects workpiece, judge whether workpiece surpasses error range, if not overproofly make qualified workpiece enter a recovery hopper, if overproofly then make overproof defective workpiece enter another to reclaim hopper and stop feeding, simultaneously error signal is outputed to the PC computer system by interface converter and process;
(5) the PC computer system control is processed: the PC computer system is calculated adjustment amount and is judged whether to arrive the trimming wheel of setting and the timing of guide wheel, then carries out by following situation:
If (5-1) only adjust the feed mechanism amount of feeding, then it is transformed to the driving step number that drives the feed mechanism stepper motor according to adjusting the large young pathbreaker of the amount of feeding, then give the motion control integrated circuit board through pci bus, carry out corresponding step number by feed mechanism stepper motor driver control motor;
If (5-2) only drive the finishing that dresser and guide wheel trimmer are carried out emery wheel and guide wheel, then give the motion control integrated circuit board according to the driving step number of the finishing time, dresser and the guide wheel trimmer that arrange through pci bus, drive the finishing that corresponding stepper motor is carried out emery wheel, guide wheel by grinding wheel drive motor driver and guide wheel trimmer motor driver respectively, drive dresser and the guide wheel trimmer is got back to the home position by rightabout after complete;
If (5-3) should adjust the feed mechanism amount of feeding, trimming wheel and guide wheel are then at first adjusted the feed mechanism amount of feeding according to (1) again, then carry out the finishing of emery wheel and guide wheel according to (2) again;
If (5-4) caused that by arbitrary switch motion of feed mechanism, dresser, their limit switch of guide wheel trimmer stopping feeding processing, then as the case may be by manually adjusting three mechanisms to normal condition by the keyboard input;
(6) repeat (2) to (5), realize the automatic control of centerless grinding processing overall process, until workpiece is all qualified.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system of the present invention and corresponding centerless grinding method for processing, utilize the variation characteristic of grinding error, adopt the measuring method at times that lags behind, simplified requirement and the realization difficulty of high-speed grinding to measuring system, be convenient to the transformation to the centerless grinder of Traditional Man operation, adjustment, reach the purpose of automatic control workpiece grinding error; This system adopts modularized design, makes each module be easy to use and adjust; Error signal is processed and is adopted the mode of voltage/frequency conversion, high-speed photoelectric coupler and frequency/voltage conversion to isolate, and improves Anti-jamming of signal ability and certainty of measurement, and has reduced cost; PC department of computer science unifies and utilizes communication interface converter at a high speed with the long-distance transmissions of RS485 bus mode realization signal between the workpiece error detecting system, can improve message transmission rate and antijamming capability; Be the centerless grinding mismachining tolerance TT﹠C system of core based on the PC computer system, can support complicated adaptive control algorithm to the processing of data, have the advantage that data-handling capacity is strong, monitoring is convenient, realtime control is good and precision is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the centerless grinder of centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system is installed;
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system;
Fig. 3 detects the circuit diagram that the workpiece error signal is processed;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of detection system single chip circuit;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of communication interface converter;
Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of drive system;
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of centerless grinding method for processing.
The specific embodiment
The centerless grinder that centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system is installed is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, technological process based on grinding, the reason that produces in conjunction with centerless grinding processing work error mainly is the fact that is caused by the wearing and tearing of emery wheel and guide wheel, according to control procedure the centerless grinder of the mismachining tolerance TT﹠C system that centerless grinding is installed is divided into Three regions: feed zone, centerless grinding processing district and detection zone, wherein feed zone can be by artificial feeding, also can self-feeding, here consider by artificial feeding, stop to report to the police indication and remove the indication of reporting to the police and carry out whether feeding of feeding according to what mainframe computer system in the control procedure sent; The centerless grinding processing district, the dresser 2 and a pair of limit switch 10,13 thereof that comprise setting, guide wheel trimmer 11 and a pair of limit switch 14,15 thereof, feeding structure 12 and a pair of limit switch 1,3 thereof, utilize the rotary grinding workpiece of guide wheel and emery wheel, finish the grinding of workpiece, and according to the requirement of control by drive systems dresser, guide wheel trimmer and guide wheel feed mechanism, realize finishing, the finishing of guide wheel and the adjustment of the guide wheel feed mechanism amount of feeding of emery wheel; Detection zone, this zone comprises two hoppers 16 that are successively set on the processing work conveying device, 17, the hopper door of one of them hopper 16 is by a cylinder 9 its switches of control, the top of this hopper door is provided with counter switch 4, the hopper door of another hopper 17 is by another cylinder 8 its switches of control, the end of processing work conveying device is provided with detection platform and the 3rd hopper 18, detection platform is provided with the 3rd cylinder 5 that drives detent mechanism, also be provided with inductance direction finder 7 on this detection platform, its error-detecting output signal is connected to the error signal input of detection system in the centerless grinding mismachining tolerance TT﹠C system, detection system is based on the method that detects at times mismachining tolerance, the hopper door of hopper 16 hopper doors of output switch amount signal controlling and another hopper 17 is closed to transmit and is detected workpiece to detection platform, then detect the mismachining tolerance of workpiece, control qualified workpiece and defective workpiece and flow into respectively hopper 16 and hopper 17.
The operation principle of centerless grinding processing TT﹠C system is described in conjunction with Fig. 2, this system comprises the workpiece error detecting system, described workpiece error detecting system is take the MSP430 single-chip microcomputer as core, utilize the inductance direction finder to detect the error of workpiece, the workpiece error signal that the inductance direction finder detects is passed through first filtering, amplify and voltage transformation, then carry out the voltage/frequency conversion, the photoelectricity isolation, the inside A/D interface of MSP430 single-chip microcomputer is sent into signal in the frequency/voltage conversion, to detect the workpiece error signal and be transformed to digital quantity, monitor simultaneously feed mechanism, the limit switch signal of guide wheel trimmer and dresser, and producing control output, the workpiece error detecting system also is provided with liquid crystal display, RS232 serial communication interface and RS485 communication interface; Treated detection workpiece error signal is by being input to the PC computer system by USB with the communication interface converter that asynchronous serial port change-over circuit and RS485 interface circuit form, the detection workpiece error signal that the PC computer system will receive utilizes adaptive control algorithm to calculate the adjustment amount of feed mechanism, this adjustment amount control signal is input to the pci bus motion integrated circuit board of drive system, this pci bus motion integrated circuit board drives into the adjustment amount of adjusting feed mechanism to the stepper motor of mechanism, judge whether simultaneously to reach guide wheel, the finishing timing of emery wheel, demand motive emery wheel whether, the guide wheel stepper motor makes dresser, the guide wheel trimmer is to emery wheel, guide wheel is repaired, other feed mechanism, the emery wheel adjuster, the limit switch signal of adjustment of roller device is sent into the PC computer system by pci bus, send alarm command by the PC computer system, the warning circuit in the workpiece error detecting system is enabled.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 is used for illustrating the electric circuit constitute of workpiece error detecting system, the error that error-sensing element will detect workpiece is converted to ± direct current signal of 50mV, this output signal is electrically connected with the input that signal is processed buffer circuit, described signal is processed buffer circuit and is comprised by resistance R 4, capacitor C 2 and resistance R 3, the filter circuit that is used for filter away high frequency noise and interference that capacitor C 3 forms, the output signal of this filter circuit is electrically connected with the input of difference amplifier U2, can adjust the multiplication factor of differential amplifier circuit by the size of adjusting resistance R6, the output of described difference amplifier U2 ± direct current signal of 5V and reference voltage source U3 output+is electrically connected with the inverting input of inverting amplifier U5 after the stack of 5V signal, inverting amplifier U5 and four resistance R 8, R9, R12, R13 forms see-saw circuit, 0 of see-saw circuit output is electrically connected with the inverting input of inverting amplifier U7 to the-unipolar signal of 10V, inverting amplifier U7 and four resistance R 18, R19, R21, R22 forms the secondary see-saw circuit, 0 to+10V unipolar signal of this see-saw circuit output, this signal is through resistance R 1, the RC filter circuit that capacitor C 17 forms is electrically connected with the input of the pressure that is made of pressure/frequency converter U1 and peripheral cell thereof/frequency translation circuit, 0 to 100KHz signal of this pressure/frequency translation circuit output connects by capacitor C 8 by photoisolator U4, resistance R 14, R15, the filter circuit that R16 and diode D1 form, the output of this filter circuit is connected with the frequency that is comprised of frequency/pressure converter U6 and peripheral cell thereof/pressure translation circuit, the voltage range of this frequency/pressure translation circuit output is 0 to connect the I/O mouth pin 2 of single-chip microcomputer U10 by an emitter follower U8 to the+voltage signal of 3V, the P1 mouth of single-chip microcomputer U10 is connected the matrix keyboard that is used for connecing 4X4 with interface J5, use as parameter input and the control of detection system; The P2 mouth of single-chip microcomputer U10 connects the input of switching value signal, the wherein signal input of the counter switch 4 of 16 tops of the hopper door shown in the P2.0 map interlinking 1 setting, the signal input of the inductive switch 6 of the detection platform shown in the P2.1 map interlinking 1, the P4 mouth of single-chip microcomputer U10 is as the switching value signal output part, and wherein P4.0, P4.1, P4.2 are respectively applied to the output control signal as the magnetic valve of the cylinder 5 of the cylinder 8 of the cylinder 9 that drives hopper door 16 shown in Figure 1, hopper door 17 and detent mechanism; The driver input DI of RS485 chip U14, corresponding driver input pin 32, the receiver output pin 33 that connects single-chip microcomputer U10 of receiver output R0, receiver enables RE and driver enables the pin 31 that DE meets single-chip microcomputer U10 together, output pin A, the B of RS485 chip U14 is used for and external device communication through interface J7, interface J7 is connected with build-out resistor R29, with the reflection of the signal of eliminating long-distance transmissions; The driver input pin 13 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11, receiver output pin 15, state-detection pin 11, enable pin 1 corresponding four I/O mouth pins 34 that connect single-chip microcomputer U10, pin 35, pin 28 and pin 29, two I/O mouth pins 28 wherein and pin 29 are used for the work of control RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11, two other I/O mouth pin 34 and pin 35 are respectively applied to transmission and receive data, external 5 filter capacitor C27 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11, C31, C32, C33, C34, the two ends of capacitor C 27 link to each other with ground with the pin 19 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11 respectively, the two ends of capacitor C 31 respectively with the pin 5 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11, pin 6 links to each other, the two ends of capacitor C 32 respectively with the pin 2 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11, pin 4 links to each other, the two ends of capacitor C 33 link to each other with ground with the pin 3 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11 respectively, the two ends of capacitor C 34 link to each other 1 of interface J8 with the pin 7 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11 respectively with ground, 2,3 pin correspondences meet 17 of RS232 electrical level transferring chip U11,16,18 pin; Interface J4 is used for connecing liquid crystal display, its 3,4,5,7 pin are connected with P5.0, P5.1, P5.2 and the RST pin of single-chip microcomputer respectively, and 2 pin connect the power supply of VA+3.3V, as the control power supply, 8 pin connect the VA+5V power supply as the LCD backlight power supply, pin 1,6,9 equal ground connection; The pin 30 connecting resistance R28 of single-chip microcomputer U10 and the warning circuit of the workpiece error detecting system that light emitting diode D3 is composed in series are used for workpiece error detecting system work indication; Interface J3 is the standard JTAG of MSP430F169 single-chip microcomputer U10, be connected with five pins 54,55,56,57,58 of single-chip microcomputer U10,1 pin of interface J3 connects power supply VA+3.3V, 9 pin ground connection, and interface J3 is used for online program debugging and the program updates of single-chip microcomputer U10; Corresponding external crystal-controlled oscillation Y1 and the Y2 of being connected between the pin 52 of single-chip microcomputer U10 and the pin 53 and between pin 8 and the pin 9, Y1 is the high frequency crystal oscillator of 8MHz, the crystal oscillating circuit that the internal circuit of Y1 and C25, C26 and U10 forms can produce the clock signal of maximum 8MHz, Y2 is the low-frequency clock crystal oscillator of 32KHz, for generation of low-frequency clock signal, utilize inner frequency dividing circuit and programme-control, single-chip microcomputer U10 can produce the clock signal of 32KHz, 1MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, U10 is operated in different mode of operations by the programme-control single-chip microcomputer, can realize energy-conservation; The reset pin 58 of single-chip microcomputer U10 is connected with switch S 1, capacitor C 24 and the reset circuit that resistance R 27 forms, and is used for resetting of Artificial Control single-chip microcomputer U10; The power supply of single-chip microcomputer U10 is provided by the peripheral circuit that voltage stabilizing chip U9 and filter capacitor C18, C19, C21, C22 and resistance R 25, R26 form, the power supply input of voltage stabilizing chip U9 is provided by interface J2, the VA+5V power supply of interface J2 is supplied with by external system, the circuit that the resistance R 23 of its connection, light emitting diode D2 are composed in series is used to indicate the normal condition of system power supply, be that 0 ohm resistance is connected by a resistance between analog electrical seedbed 62 pin of single-chip microcomputer U10 and digital power ground 63 pin in addition, with the loop pressure drop of avoiding the connection of multiple spot ground to cause.
Fig. 5 has described the circuit theory of communication interface converter module, this circuit has utilized USB and asynchronous serial port electrical level transferring chip U12 and 485 electrical level transferring chip U13 to realize that the USB level signal arrive conversion between the RS485 level signal again to the RS232 level signal, thus can realize signal at a distance, high-speed transfer.Interface J10 is used for the USB interface of the main frame of connection PC computer system, USB electrical level transferring chip U12 is used for the level conversion between realization USB interface signal and the asynchronous serial port receiving and transmitting signal, connect between 9,10 pin of USB electrical level transferring chip U12 by external crystal-controlled oscillation Y3, two clock circuits that capacitor C 36, C38 form, 6 pin of USB electrical level transferring chip U12 to connect capacitor C 37,13 and 20 pin one of USB electrical level transferring chip U12 connect capacitor C 35 with playing; But 485 electrical level transferring chip U13 are used for the asynchronous serial level signal of USB electrical level transferring chip U12 is converted to the RS485 bus signals of long-distance transmissions, and be connected with external bus by interface J6,8 pin of 485 electrical level transferring chip U13 to connect capacitor C 29 and be used for power supply and go lotus root, the power supply VCC+5V of communication interface converter utilizes the USB interface of computer to provide; 2,3 pin that 1, the 4 pin correspondences of 485 electrical level transferring chip U13 meet 4,3, the 485 electrical level transferring chip U13 of USB electrical level transferring chip U12 connect 18 pin of USB electrical level transferring chip U12 together.
Fig. 6 has described the circuit theory of drive system, PCI motion control integrated circuit board U15 adopts the ADT8940 four-axis movement control card, described four-axis movement control card U15 adopts 32 pci bus to be connected with the PC computer system, support plug and play, all inputs, output all adopt light-coupled isolation, strong interference immunity, have 4 axles servo/step motor control, but every axle self-movement is independent of each other; Wherein six spacing inputs 20 of described DT8940 four-axis movement control card U15,21,26,27,33,34 pin are corresponding to be connected as feed mechanism, dresser, six limit switch K1 of guide wheel trimmer, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, be used for the security of monitoring driving mechanism, described six limit switch K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, in the K6 difference corresponding diagram 11,3,13,10,14,15 noncontacting switches, the STEP+ of feed mechanism stepper motor driver U16 is connected with STEP-and is connected 2 of four-axis movement control card U15,3 pin, be used for the motion step number that control feed mechanism stepper motor driver U16 drives feed mechanism stepper motor M1, the DIR+ of feed mechanism stepper motor driver U16 is connected with DIR-and is connected 4 of four-axis movement control card U15,5 pin, be used for the direction of motion that control feed mechanism stepper motor driver U16 drives feed mechanism stepper motor M1, the FREE+ of feed mechanism stepper motor driver U16 and FREE-connect respectively 52 pin of VCC+5V and four-axis movement control card U15, its 52 pin is used for enabling stepper motor M1 and is in freedom or lock-out state, the power supply of feed mechanism stepper motor driver U16 is obtained after transformer T1 conversion by civil power, the three-phase output U of stepper motor driver U16, V, W connects the corresponding terminal of stepper motor M1; The CP+ of the stepper motor driver U17 of dresser, CP-, DIR+, DIR-is connected with EN-and is connected 6 of four-axis movement control card U15,7,8,9,54 pin, the EN+ of the stepper motor driver U17 of dresser meets VCC+5V, wherein 6 of four-axis movement control card U15,7 foot control systems drive the motion step number of dresser stepper motor M2,8,9 pin are used for the direction of motion that control drives dresser stepper motor M2,54 pin are used for enabling dresser stepper motor M2 and are in freedom or lock-out state, the A+ of the stepper motor driver U17 of dresser, A-, B+, corresponding two windings that connect stepper motor M2 of B-; The CP+ of the stepper motor driver U18 of guide wheel trimmer, CP-, DIR+, DIR-is connected with EN-and is connected 11 of four-axis movement control card U15,12,13,14,57 pin, the EN+ of the stepper motor driver U18 of guide wheel trimmer meets VCC+5V, wherein 11 of four-axis movement control card U15,12 foot control systems drive the motion step number of guide wheel trimmer stepper motor M3,13,14 pin are used for the direction of motion that control drives guide wheel trimmer stepper motor M3,57 pin are used for enabling guide wheel trimmer stepper motor M3 and are in freedom or lock-out state, the A+ of the stepper motor driver U17 of guide wheel trimmer, A-, B+, corresponding two windings that connect stepper motor M3 of B-; This drive system is controlled and monitors the running status of each motion through pci bus by the main frame of PC computer system, and can realize the separate driving adjustment of each driving mechanism, wherein feed mechanism stepper motor driver U16 adopts the three-phase hybrid driver of new drive circuit and AC servo operation principle, make very level and smooth, high-speed, the high moment of torsion of drive motors operation, and can realize the high-grade drives of maximum 50 segmentations; Dresser stepper motor driver U17 and guide wheel trimmer stepper motor driver U18 all adopt the two-phase hybrid stepping motor driver of maximum 128 segmentations.
In conjunction with Fig. 7 centerless grinding method for processing of the present invention is described, concrete steps are as follows:
Step (1), system starts and parameters: at first start the PC computer system, open centerless grinder to the preparation state, the grinding dressing timing of bound, emery wheel and the guide wheel of processing work error is set according to processing work, open detection system and drive system, and whether the work that the interface J10 by the communication interface converter, pci bus confirm them is normal and transmit relevant controlling parameters;
Step (2), drive guide wheel feed mechanism, dresser and guide wheel trimmer: if prepare first being processed in initial centerless grinding, then by manually passing through the driving finishing of the amount of feeding, dresser and the guide wheel trimmer of computer main system control feed mechanism according to the size of processing work, the abrasion condition of emery wheel guide wheel; If carry out in the process in centerless grinding processing, the adjustment amount that then calculates according to adaptive control algorithm is automatically controlled the adjustment amount of guide wheel feed mechanism and is automatically controlled dresser and the guide wheel trimmer is repaired guide wheel, emery wheel according to the finishing timing of guide wheel, emery wheel;
Step (3), feeding processing: if firm starting device then after the artificial adjustment guide wheel feed mechanism amount of feeding, trimming wheel and guide wheel, begins feeding processing; If in process, report to the police feeding processing interrupted because of the feeding that stops of automatically adjusting that the amount of feeding, trimming wheel guide wheel, the three couples of limit switch K1 arbitrary switch in the K6 detects that the action input sends, then after executing one of the action input adjusting guide wheel feed mechanism adjustment amount, finishing guide wheel and emery wheel and eliminate limit switch or Arbitrary Term combination, utilize the state indication to make the operator restart feeding processing;
Step (4), timesharing detects the workpiece error: utilize the method that detects the processing work number to carry out timesharing and detect, concrete steps are as follows:
(4-1) counting of processing work: utilize the 4 pairs of workpiece that pass through of counter SW that arrange on the hopper 16 to count, whenever by a workpiece, counter SW 4 actions once, this signal after testing switch value input interface J11 of system is sent into the I/O mouth P2.0 of single-chip microcomputer U10, and the inner counter that arranges of single-chip microcomputer U10 just adds 1;
(4-2) censorship is surveyed workpiece to detection platform: when the value of counter equates with the numerical value of setting, if this moment, processing work was certified products, hopper 16 is in open mode, hopper 17 is in closed condition, the switching value output signal of the P4.0 mouth of the single-chip microcomputer U10 of detection system is closed the hopper door that enters hopper 16 by interface J12 control cylinder 9, makes workpiece along conveying device to detection platform; If at this moment processing work is in overproof adjustment state, be defective work, the door of hopper 16 is in closed condition, the door of hopper 17 is in open mode, the P4.2 mouth switching value output signal of the single-chip microcomputer U10 of detection system is by the control cylinder 8 of interface J12, close the hopper door that enters hopper 17, make workpiece along conveying device to detection platform; In order only to make a work piece delivery to detection platform, utilize the time of the hopper door of the hopper door of Timer Controlling cylinder 9 or cylinder 8 gauge tap hoppers 16 or hopper 17, timer time is then opened the hopper door of hopper 16 or the hopper door that control cylinder 8 is opened hopper 17 with regard to control cylinder 9, and the value of counter is reset to 0, continue to detect the processing work number according to step (4-1);
(4-3) workpiece error-detecting: workpiece is arranged if inductive switch 6 is sensed on the detection platform, then be input to the P2.1 mouth of single-chip microcomputer U10 by the single-chip microcomputer U10 switch value input interface J11 of detection system, then the P4.1 mouth output switch amount signal of single-chip microcomputer U10 is located workpiece by the cylinder 5 of interface J12 control detent mechanism, error signal with inductance direction finder measuring workpieces, send into the signal processing circuit of detection system processes through interface J1, and the P6.3 mouth of the input of the signal after processing single-chip microcomputer U10, by the A/D converter of single-chip microcomputer U10 inside the error signal of input is converted to digital quantity; After error-detecting is complete, discharge the control to cylinder 5, it is resetted, and send detecting workpiece into hopper 18;
(4-4) processing of detection system and control: after being converted to digital quantity via the error signal of the P6.3 mouth of single-chip microcomputer U10 input, according to the error range that detects workpiece, judge at first whether it surpasses its error range, if, then immediately by single-chip microcomputer U10P4.0 mouth and P4.2 mouth respectively output switch amount signal close hopper door 16 by interface J12, open hopper door 17, make overproof defective workpiece send into hopper 17; If not, then open hopper door 16, close hopper door 17; The state of the workpiece error that while single-chip microcomputer U10 detects by liquid crystal interface J4 demonstration, hopper door 16, hopper door 17, detection platform inductive switch; Then the workpiece error signal that detects is delivered to the P3.4 mouth of single-chip microcomputer U10, utilized the P3.3 mouth control RS-485 interface chip U5 of single-chip microcomputer U10 that error signal is converted to the RS-485 bus signals and delivers to the J7 interface, to realize long-distance transmissions;
Step (5), signal transmission and conversion: utilize 5 class cables to be connected at a distance between the interface J6 of communication interface converter and the interface J7 of detection system, the workpiece error signal of detection system detection, deliver to RS485 electrical level transferring chip U13 through the J6 of communication interface converter interface, the signal level that receives is converted to the RS-232 level, through USB and asynchronous serial electrical level transferring chip U12 it is converted to USB universal serial bus level signal again, and sends into the main frame USB interface of PC computer system through interface J10;
Step (6), the control of PC computer system is processed: receive the workpiece error signal that detection system detects through USB interface, and record, then follow these steps to carry out:
(6-1) according to the detection workpiece error signal of current reception and before the record detection workpiece error sequence, utilize adaptive control algorithm to calculate the amount of feeding of feed mechanism, record emery wheel and the guide wheel operating hours counter of computer installation are added 1, and judge whether to equate with setting value the error or trimming wheel and the guide wheel that produce with the compensation workpiece;
(6-2) according to the feed mechanism amount of feeding that calculates, determine whether to carry out the driving of feed mechanism: if the feed mechanism amount of feeding that calculates is carried out the amount of feeding greater than the minimum of setting, then prepare to carry out feeding and drive; Otherwise, do not carry out the driving of feed mechanism;
The finishing that (6-3) judges whether to carry out emery wheel and guide wheel according to record emery wheel and the guide wheel operating hours counter of computer installation: if the value of this counter equate with setting value, then judge the finishing that needs execution emery wheel and guide wheel; Otherwise, do not need to carry out the finishing of emery wheel and guide wheel;
If (6-4) need to carry out amount of feeding adjustment or correction emery wheel and guide wheel according to (6-2) with (6-3), then the main frame by the PC computer system sends control command and parameter to the motion control integrated circuit board by pci bus, control-driven system is finished the operation of requirement, to record simultaneously emery wheel and the counter of guide wheel working time and be reset to zero, restart counting; If do not need to carry out amount of feeding adjustment or correction emery wheel and guide wheel according to (6-2) with (6-3), then the PC computer system continues the new detection workpiece error signal of wait reception;
(6-5) according to (6-2), (6-3) and (6-4), and the status monitoring of drive system, the more state demonstration of new computer system, record data and feeding are reported to the police and are indicated; If need the Execution driven system, then send immediately the indication of feeding stop alarm; Otherwise continue to carry out the feeding process;
Carry out in the process in centerless grinding processing, utilize the workpiece error sequence that detects, carry out adaptive control algorithm by computer system and calculate the adjustment amount size.The adjustment amount that calculates and according to the emery wheel of setting, the finishing time of guide wheel, carry out according to following situation:
If a. only adjust the guide wheel feed mechanism amount of feeding, then according to adjusting amount of feeding size, it is transformed to the driving step number of Driving Stepping Motor M1, give motion control integrated circuit board U15 through pci bus, control step motor driver U16 drives into to motor M 1 and carries out corresponding step number, and K1, K2 are the forward and backward limit switch of feed mechanism, is used for avoiding the overrun of feed mechanism, in case K1, K2 action is then reported to the police immediately and is stopped grinding process;
If b. only drive the finishing that dresser and guide wheel trimmer are carried out emery wheel and guide wheel, then according to the finishing time that arranges, the driving step number of dresser and guide wheel trimmer, these parameters are transferred to motion control integrated circuit board U15 through pci bus, control respectively the stepper motor driver U17 of dresser through U15, the stepper motor driver U18 Driving Stepping Motor M2 of guide wheel trimmer, M3 carries out corresponding step number and finishing time, after executing, drive dresser by rightabout, the guide wheel trimmer is got back to the home position, K3, K4 be dresser before, rear limit switch, K5, K6 be the guide wheel trimmer before, rear limit switch, four limit switch K3, K4, K5, K6 is respectively applied to dresser, the safe spacing of guide wheel trimmer, in case four limit switch K3, K4, K5, any action among the K6 is then reported to the police immediately and is stopped grinding process;
If c. should adjust the feed mechanism amount of feeding, trimming wheel and guide wheel then at first drive feed mechanism according to a again, then carry out the finishing of emery wheel and guide wheel according to b;
If d. limit switch K1 causes to arbitrary switch motion of K6 and stops feeding processing, then according to the state indication by manually adjusting each mechanism to normal condition according to step a to the similar approach of b, the releasing fault alarm;
Step (7), stop feeding: in process, stop the feeding warning because automatically adjusting the amount of feeding, trimming wheel guide wheel, limit switch K1 to what the arbitrary switch of K6 detected that the action input sends, the operator just stops feeding, after waiting for that the feeding stop alarm is removed, again continue feeding;
Step (8), repeated execution of steps (2) realize the automatic control of centerless grinding processing to step (7).
Above-mentioned example is used for the present invention that explains, rather than limits the invention, and in the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any modification and change to the present invention makes also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. TT﹠C system is processed in a centerless grinding, it is characterized in that: this system comprises centerless grinding processing district and corresponding workpiece error-detecting district, described workpiece error-detecting is provided with processing work conveying device and workpiece error detecting system in the district, the detection signal output interface of described workpiece error detecting system is electrically connected with the external communication interface of PC computer system by a communication interface converter, and the control signal output of described PC computer system is electrically connected with the control signal input of dresser and guide wheel trimmer and feed mechanism drive system and is used for realizing the finishing of emery wheel and guide wheel and the adjustment of feed mechanism; Be provided with successively two with the hopper of hopper door on the described processing work conveying device, each hopper is controlled its switch by the cylinder of a correspondence respectively, the end of processing work conveying device is provided with detection platform and the 3rd hopper, detection platform is provided with the inductance direction finder, and the error-detecting output signal of inductance direction finder is connected to the error signal input of workpiece error detecting system.
2. TT﹠C system is processed in centerless grinding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described workpiece error detecting system comprises the sensor for detection of the workpiece error, the error output signal that this sensor detects is electrically connected with the signal input that a signal is processed buffer circuit, described signal is processed the signal of buffer circuit and is exported the I/O mouth that is connected into a single-chip microcomputer, and other I/O mouth of this single-chip microcomputer is connected respectively and is useful on the counter switch input signal that detects the processing work number, be used for judging whether the inductive switch of tested processing work input signal is arranged on the detection platform, the switching value output signal that is used for the action of control sorting and detent mechanism, the input signal of communication interface circuit and enable signal, keyboard and display unit.
3. TT﹠C system is processed in centerless grinding according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described signal is processed buffer circuit and is comprised circuit for amplifying differential signal, the input of described circuit for amplifying differential signal is electrically connected with the error output signal of described sensor, the output signal of circuit for amplifying differential signal is connected with the input of a two-stage see-saw circuit with the output signal stack of a reference voltage source generation is rear, the output signal of described two-stage see-saw circuit is electrically connected with the input of a pressure/frequency translation circuit, this pressure/output signal of translation circuit is electrically connected with the input of a frequency/pressure translation circuit by a photoisolator frequently, and the output signal of described frequency/pressure translation circuit is connected into an I/O mouth of single-chip microcomputer by an emitter follower.
4. TT﹠C system is processed in centerless grinding according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: be connected with a high frequency crystal oscillator between a pair of oscillator input of single-chip microcomputer and the oscillator output end in the described workpiece error detecting system, it another is to being connected with the low frequency crystal oscillator between oscillator input and the oscillator output end.
5. TT﹠C system is processed in centerless grinding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the drive system of described dresser and guide wheel trimmer and feed mechanism comprises the pci bus motion control card, described pci bus motion control card is electrically connected with the pci bus interface of described PC computer system, the corresponding feed mechanism motor driver that connects of three groups of drive output signal of this pci bus motion control card, grinding wheel drive motor driver and guide wheel trimmer motor driver, the corresponding a pair of limit switch signal that connects feed mechanism of the input of described pci bus motion control card, the a pair of limit switch signal of dresser and a pair of limit switch signal of guide wheel trimmer.
6. TT﹠C system is processed in centerless grinding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described communication interface converter comprises the RS485 communication interface chip, and described RS485 communication interface chip and USB are electrically connected with the asynchronous serial port conversion chip and are used for realizing that 485 level signals arrive the conversion of USB level signal again to 232 level signals.
7. centerless grinding method for processing, it is characterized in that: the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) system starts and parameters: start the PC computer system, the grinding dressing timing of bound, emery wheel and the guide wheel of processing work error is set, open detection system and drive system are confirmed the duty of whole system and are transmitted relevant parameters;
(2) drive feed mechanism, dresser and guide wheel trimmer: if prepare first being processed in centerless grinding, by artificial according to the size of processing work, the abrasion condition of emery wheel guide wheel, the driving finishing of the amount of feeding, dresser and guide wheel trimmer by PC computer system control feed mechanism; If carry out in the process in centerless grinding processing, then automatically control the adjustment amount of feed mechanism and automatically control dresser and the guide wheel trimmer is repaired guide wheel, emery wheel according to the finishing timing of guide wheel, emery wheel;
(3) feeding processing: if just begun to process, then behind the artificial adjustment feed mechanism amount of feeding, trimming wheel, guide wheel, the beginning feeding is processed; If in process, because automatically adjusting the amount of feeding, trimming wheel and guide wheel or interrupting because of the feeding processing that the signal input that detects limit switch causes, then after normal condition is recovered by system, restart feeding and process;
(4) detect at times the processing work error: utilize counter switch that the processing work through it is counted, when the count value of processing work reaches the numerical value of setting, this processing work is delivered to detection platform, the unison counter zero clearing, restart counting until next time counting reach setting value; If the inductive switch of detection system is sensed processing work, then the single-chip microcomputer output switch amount signal controlling detent mechanism of detection system is given tested processing work location, then by the error-detecting sensor workpiece is measured and with the error signal of measuring, through filtering, amplify, conversion, send into the single-chip microcomputer of detection system after the isolation, then according to the error range that detects workpiece, judge whether workpiece surpasses error range, if not overproofly make qualified workpiece enter a recovery hopper, if overproofly then make overproof defective workpiece enter another to reclaim hopper and stop feeding, simultaneously error signal is outputed to the PC computer system by interface converter and process;
(5) the PC computer system control is processed: the PC computer system is calculated adjustment amount and is judged whether to arrive the trimming wheel of setting and the timing of guide wheel, then carries out by following situation:
If (5-1) only adjust the feed mechanism amount of feeding, then it is transformed to the driving step number that drives the feed mechanism stepper motor according to adjusting the large young pathbreaker of the amount of feeding, then give the motion control integrated circuit board through pci bus, carry out corresponding step number by feed mechanism stepper motor driver control motor;
If (5-2) only drive the finishing that dresser and guide wheel trimmer are carried out emery wheel and guide wheel, then give the motion control integrated circuit board according to the driving step number of the finishing time, dresser and the guide wheel trimmer that arrange through pci bus, drive the finishing that corresponding stepper motor is carried out emery wheel, guide wheel by grinding wheel drive motor driver and guide wheel trimmer motor driver respectively, drive dresser and the guide wheel trimmer is got back to the home position by rightabout after complete;
If (5-3) should adjust the feed mechanism amount of feeding, trimming wheel and guide wheel are then at first adjusted the feed mechanism amount of feeding according to ⑴ again, then carry out the finishing of emery wheel and guide wheel according to step ⑵ again;
If (5-4) caused that by arbitrary switch motion of feed mechanism, dresser, their limit switch of guide wheel trimmer stopping feeding processing, then as the case may be by manually adjusting three mechanisms to normal condition by the keyboard input;
(6) repeated execution of steps (2) realizes the automatic control of centerless grinding processing overall process, until workpiece is all qualified to step (5).
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| CN102814710A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-12 | 沈阳海默数控机床有限公司 | Method and system for automatic compensating control of grinding wheel in grinding of face grinding machine |
| CN103426491B (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2016-05-18 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Nuclear power plant's procedure parameter reliability processing method |
| CN102832753A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-12-19 | 常州亚邦捷宇自控成套设备有限公司 | Magnetic tile processing device |
| CN104325388A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-04 | 无锡康柏斯机械科技有限公司 | Structure of grinding machine controller |
| CN106378668B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-09-04 | 佛山泰冈数控精密机床有限公司 | A kind of control method of five axis double-ended grinding machine |
| CN106625247A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-10 | 厦门立祥新工贸有限公司 | High-precision double-faced grinding machine processing method based on DSP control |
| JP6909598B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2021-07-28 | 光洋機械工業株式会社 | Surface grinding method and surface grinding equipment |
| CN108356614B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2024-04-26 | 三门峡中测量仪有限公司 | Non-contact type monitoring device and method for workpiece cylindrical grinding |
| CN110000638B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2021-08-10 | 宁波永仕电机有限公司 | Centerless grinder of motor shaft runs through automatic control system |
| CN111251077B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-02-22 | 湖南大学 | Reliability prediction model establishment method for dry grinding centerless grinding machine system and unit |
| CN113618633B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2022-04-29 | 湖南大学 | Grinding speed optimization method for dry grinding centerless grinding machine |
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