CN101556337A - Method for determining underground deep particular lithologic body - Google Patents

Method for determining underground deep particular lithologic body Download PDF

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CN101556337A
CN101556337A CNA2008101036946A CN200810103694A CN101556337A CN 101556337 A CN101556337 A CN 101556337A CN A2008101036946 A CNA2008101036946 A CN A2008101036946A CN 200810103694 A CN200810103694 A CN 200810103694A CN 101556337 A CN101556337 A CN 101556337A
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velocity
zone
deep
seismic
formula
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CN101556337B (en
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岳伏生
徐广民
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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Abstract

The invention relates to a petroleum exploration and development technology, in particular to a method for determining underground deep particular lithologic body under the condition of no shaft or no reach to a target zone with a shaft. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining stacking velocity of each spectral point from a stacking velocity spectrum, calculating zone velocity of each zone of shallow geology or lithologic zone on the known seismic profile corresponding to spectral point, combining the zone velocity of the known lithology and variable range from shallow to deep and determining the depth of each target zone from shallow to deep; carrying out lithologic determination of all seismic traces on a plane; and further determining lithologic spatial distribution of deep volcanic rock or carbonatite. The invention can recognize lithology of stratum which is not drilled and encountered by the well drill by utilizing relative variation of the attribute of the zone velocity, is an important supplement to the calibration method of seismal geology and is an integral interpretation method for processing and interpretation in the comprehensive interpretation technology of seismal geology.

Description

A kind of method of descending deep particular lithologic body definitely
Technical field
The present invention relates to the petroleum exploration and development technology, specifically is a kind of at no well or well is arranged but do not get into the method for descending the deep particular lithologic body under the situation of the zone of interest degree of depth definitely.
Background technology
Geologic prospecting lithology and fluid identification generally adopt checkout equipment to carry out.The US5583825 patent has just proposed use Stoneley wave instrument (STONELEY WAVES) checkout equipment and has carried out the method for lithology and fluid identification.
In seismic data interpretation, usually adopting near the seismic reflection information (lineups and ripple stack features thereof) of drilling well and well logging information, geological information to carry out seismogeology demarcates, the known lithological information that obtains in the well logging is transformed on the geological data, after the stratum of having determined corresponding lineups representative, lithology, extrapolate explanation on the enterprising parallel planes of seismic data.
At present, in carrying out seismic data interpretation, the seismic data that uses is the dominant frequency information of earthquake time-domain waveform, frequency field, shows as ripple group form, reflectance signature.CN1797032 proposed a kind ofly to determine the method that lithology and fluid distribute with wave impedance inversion technique, and the input data of using are Acoustic Impedance Data, and it is the data type that is obtained through inversion procedure by geological data, and then carries out lithology, fluid parameter.US5583825 has also proposed the method for a kind of lithology and fluid distribution, and this patent uses geological data to carry out the pre-stack seismic inverting, obtains Acoustic Impedance Data, on this basis, calculate velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity, then, utilize The above results to carry out lithology identification.When determining at present in the layer position of carrying out seismic data interpretation, use be the wave impedance and the speed data thereof of seismic data inversion, carry out in the RESERVOIR INTERPRETATION stage.Known earthquake and the well-log information of main application demarcated, along with the oil-gas exploration and development heighten degree, the exploration zone of interest in many oil fields is more and more darker, reservoir lithology also becomes volcanics, carbonatite by sandstone, and the deep formation that is not drilled into as yet in drilling well, be difficult to determine the deep formation situation, more can not determine the deep particular lithologic body.For the stratum that drilling well is not got into, can only utilize image (geometric shape, frequency) features such as geological data list ripple, ripple group to determine at present, can cause the stratum mistake of determining like this.
" stack velocity spectrum " is an intermediate result during seismic data is handled, and is usually used in normal moveout correction and handles, and it is illustrated in the employed stack velocity situation of change of underground stacking image of the some points in ground.Because the zone of interest of petroleum exploration and development was superficial in the past, to separate and handle with the flow process of explaining, these data are not applied in the lithologic body interpretation process of seismic data.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the speed attribute to realize definite underground deep layer particular lithologic body that the seismogeology under the no well situation is demarcated.
The invention provides following technical scheme, the specific implementation process steps is:
1) adopts conventional method to gather seismic data, be treated to the stack velocity spectrogram, obtain the stack velocity of each spectrum point of vertical energy group (general 1 spectrum point/1 km);
The stack velocity of each spectrum point 1 km of the vertical energy group of described stack velocity spectrogram.
2) calculate a shallow-layer geology or the corresponding interval velocity of putting each layer of position of composing of lithology layer on stack velocity spectrogram and the known seismic section;
Step 2) described calculating is not if known shallow-layer geology or place, lithohorizon seismic section layer position have the pickup velocity spectrum, and then interpolation goes out speed.
Step 2) stack velocity of the anti-distance weighted calculating spectrum point of described interpolation use formula (2) position and the interval velocity of a spectrum position:
V a = x 2 t 2 - t 0 2 - - - ( 1 )
V a = 1 ( d i + ξ ) n - - - ( 2 )
Figure A20081010369400073
V R = Σ i = 1 n t i V i 2 / Σ i = 1 n t i - - - ( 4 )
V n = t 0 , n V R , n 2 - t 0 , n - 1 V R , n - 1 2 t 0 , n - t 0 , n - 1 - - - ( 5 )
Formula 1 is the stack velocity computing formula;
Formula 2 is the stack velocity interpolation formula;
Formula 3 is root-mean-square velocity and stack velocity approximate treatment relation;
Formula 4 is the root-mean-square velocity computing formula;
Formula 5 is the interval velocity computing formula;
Wherein, V aBe stack velocity, V RBe root-mean-square velocity, V nBe interval velocity;
ξ prevents to calculate the constant that overflows;
Be interface dip, t is hourage, and di is a distance between the interpolation sampling point, all obtains from known seismic section;
ξ prevents to calculate the constant that overflows to be 0.00001-0.0000001.
3) calculate the interval velocity of each seismic trace place zone of interest with above formula, obtain the interval velocity plane variation diagram of each zone of interest;
Described each seismic trace of step 3) refers to each point (with the grid node of seismic grid formation) on the plane, and the distance between present 2 seismic traces is generally 25 meters.
4) to deep drilling strata not, the degree of depth of the zone of interest that may suspect on seismic section (doubtful oily or change the stratum) is picked up 2-3 lineups, calculates vertical, the transverse velocity of each layer.
The described lineups of step 4) are axles of the same phase that seismic waveshape forms on the seismic section.
The described zone thickness 5-15ms of step 4) (time domain);
5) with the interval velocity of work area known lithology and variation range from shallow to deep, in conjunction with the interval velocity that calculates, from shallow to dark definite each zone of interest degree of depth;
Describedly determine each zone of interest degree of depth for from seismic trace near well, contrast, determine the interval velocity of each zone of interest of seismic trace near well and well on vertically,, use this interval velocity of distinguishing known particular lithologic, determine the deep high-velocity bed for the stratum of not getting into; For the situation that does not have well, vertically go up the successively definite from shallow to deep method of interval velocity that adopts the known lithology in work area and determine the zone of interest degree of depth;
6) lithology that adopts step 5) to carry out each seismic trace place is in the plane determined, and then the space spread of the volcanics in definite deep or carbonatite lithology.
The present invention from seismic data handle middle achievement---stack velocity is started with, change to interval velocity that successively calculates subsurface formations deeply and plane thereof from shallow, utilize the relative variation of interval velocity attribute can discern the not lithology of drilling strata of drilling well, being the important supplement to the seismogeology scaling method, is that integrated interpretation procedure is explained in the processing in the seismogeology integrated interpretation technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a speed attribute volcanics seismogeology calibration maps;
Fig. 2 is a pyrogenic rock interval velocity variation diagram;
The volcanics end face structural map in Fig. 3 work area.
Specific embodiments
The present invention a kind ofly utilizes the underground deep of stack velocity Attribute Recognition in the processing not bore the particular lithologic body of chance, realizes that the seismogeology under the no well situation is demarcated, and then carries out the method that lithologic body is explained.
Specific implementation process of the present invention is as follows:
1) gathers the stack velocity that seismic data is handled.The stack velocity that geological data is handled exists with the form of stack velocity spectrogram, and the place of energy group is arranged on spectrogram, can form lineups on the seismic section.Collection is the stack velocity of picking up each spectrum point in the vertical by the earthquake lineups.
2) set up the relation have geology (lithology) layer position and speed in the vertical, calculate the interval velocity of spectrum each layer of position.Stack velocity data of picking up and the shallow-layer layer position of having demarcated (geology of having explained or lithohorizon) are mapped, if place, layer position does not have the velocity spectrum point, then need interpolation to go out to compose a little, interpolation is used anti-distance weighted method, forefathers utilize stack velocity to ask for interval velocity and only use formula (1), (3) (4) (5), do not use formula (2), lack stratum (lithology) control.This work is finished alternately by two figure (speed spectrogram, seismic cross-section), utilizes these two figure to realize position, vertical upper strata (lithology) and speed corresponding relation.The interval velocity computing formula of spectrum point position:
V a = x 2 t 2 - t 0 2 - - - ( 1 )
V a = 1 ( d i + ξ ) n - - - ( 2 )
Figure A20081010369400093
V R = Σ i = 1 n t i V i 2 / Σ i = 1 n t i - - - ( 4 )
V n = t 0 , n V R , n 2 - t 0 , n - 1 V R , n - 1 2 t 0 , n - t 0 , n - 1 - - - ( 5 )
Formula (1) is the stack velocity computing formula; Formula (2) is the stack velocity interpolation formula; Formula (3) is root-mean-square velocity and stack velocity approximate treatment relation; Formula (4) is the root-mean-square velocity computing formula; Formula (5) is the interval velocity computing formula.Five formula have been realized calculating interval velocity from stack velocity.Wherein, V aBe stack velocity, V RBe root-mean-square velocity, V nBe interval velocity,
Figure A20081010369400103
Be interface dip, t is hourage, and di is a distance between the interpolation sampling point, and ξ prevents to calculate the constant that overflows.
3) set up the relation have geology (lithology) layer position and speed in the horizontal, calculate the interval velocity of each each layer of seismic trace position.。Calculate the interval velocity of each zone of interest by layer position, obtain the interval velocity plane variation diagram of each zone of interest.For deep drilling well drilling strata not, select 2-3 lineups (about every layer thickness 10ms) to calculate its longitudinal velocity difference and horizontal change thereof, just calculate a few interval velocity vertical, horizontal and change for you to choose.
4) realize the lithology demarcation from two aspects.The one, discern high-velocity bed from vertical stack velocity of single track and interval velocity, pick up the every bit interval velocity vertically, according to the speed of known study area lithology and variation range from shallow to deep, the interval velocity that contrast obtains changes determines the deep high-velocity bed, determine particular lithologic bodies such as the volcanics in deep or carbonatite, carry out lithology space spread research (Fig. 1); The 2nd, utilize interval velocity plane variation diagram to carry out multiple tracks in the plane and demarcate.The two is used for reference mutually, finishes the deep particular lithologic body of the whole district jointly and determines (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).
Application Example of the present invention:
Exploration work area area 312km 2Drilling well in the work area is not all bored and is met volcanics, and Lin Qu has well to get to volcanics and found rock gas.The groundwork step:
Gather the stack velocity data of the seismic data processing of study area;
Set up the relation (Fig. 1) have geology (lithology) layer position and speed in the vertical, calculate the interval velocity and the interval velocity variation thereof of the zone of interest of each spectrum point on vertically;
Known local area Cretaceous System---Permian system sedimentogeneous rock is mainly mud stone, sandstone, and speed is at 1800-4300M/S, volcanics speed＞5500M/S of Lin Qu, and sedimentogeneous rock and volcanics velocity contrast are bigger, for successful Application of the present invention is laid a good foundation.
Coincide with the known lithology speed of local area through the interval velocity variation tendency (table) that calculates from stack velocity, basically reflected lithological change, more than the Carboniferous system volcanics speed 5500M/S, volcanic speed is at 4400-5400M/S, Cretaceous System---Permian system sedimentogeneous rock speed is 2400---4300M/S.Use this patent and realized determining of circle, volcanics top, the space spread (correct interpretation) that has obtained underground deep volcanic rock body (Fig. 3), for the oil-gas exploration and development of local area provides important evidence.
Set up the relation (Fig. 2) have geology (lithology) layer position and speed in the horizontal, transversely calculate the interval velocity and the interval velocity plane variation diagram thereof of the zone of interest of each seismic trace;
, horizontal change vertical according to interval velocity are determined the deep high-velocity bed from shallow to deep.The lithology velocity variations scope (seeing the following form) that calmodulin binding domain CaM is known is determined the volcanic rock body in deep.
Rock stratum, zone interval velocity distribution range table
Layer position Velocity range M/S
Cretaceous System About 2400
Jurassic systerm About 3700
The Triassic system About 4200
The Permian system About 4300
The Carboniferous system About 4800
Volcanics More than 5500

Claims (9)

1, a kind of method of descending deep particular lithologic body definitely is characterized in that the specific implementation step is:
1) adopts conventional method to gather seismic data, be treated to the stack velocity spectrogram, obtain the stack velocity of each spectrum point of vertical energy group;
2) calculate a shallow-layer geology or the corresponding interval velocity of putting each layer of position of composing of lithology layer on stack velocity spectrogram and the known seismic section;
3) calculate the interval velocity of each seismic trace place zone of interest, obtain the interval velocity plane variation diagram of each zone of interest;
4) to deep drilling strata not, the zone of interest degree of depth is picked up 2-3 lineups on the corresponding seismic section, calculate each layer vertically, transverse velocity.
5) with the interval velocity of work area known lithology and variation range from shallow to deep, in conjunction with the interval velocity that calculates, from shallow to dark definite each zone of interest degree of depth;
6) lithology that adopts step 5) to carry out each seismic trace place is in the plane determined, and then the space spread of the volcanics in definite deep or carbonatite lithology.
2, the method for descending deep particular lithologic body definitely according to claim 1, each composes the stack velocity of point 1 km to it is characterized in that the vertical energy group of the described stack velocity spectrogram of step 1).
3, the method for descending deep particular lithologic body definitely according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described calculating is not if known shallow-layer geology or place, lithohorizon seismic section layer position have the pickup velocity spectrum, and then interpolation goes out speed.
4, the method for descending deep particular lithologic body definitely according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described interpolation uses the stack velocity of the anti-distance weighted calculating spectrum point of following formula position and the interval velocity of a spectrum position,
V a = x 2 t 2 - t 0 2 - - - ( 1 )
V a = 1 ( d i + ξ ) n - - - ( 2 )
Figure A2008101036940003C3
V R = Σ i = 1 n t i V i 2 / Σ i = 1 n t i - - - ( 4 )
V n = t 0 , n V R , n 2 - t 0 , n - 1 V R , n - 1 2 t 0 , n - t 0 , n - 1 - - - ( 5 )
Formula (1) is the stack velocity computing formula;
Formula (2) is the stack velocity interpolation formula;
Formula (3) is root-mean-square velocity and stack velocity approximate treatment relation;
Formula (4) is the root-mean-square velocity computing formula;
Formula (5) is the interval velocity computing formula;
Wherein, V aBe stack velocity, V RBe root-mean-square velocity, V nBe interval velocity;
ξ prevents to calculate the constant that overflows;
Figure A2008101036940003C6
Be interface dip, t is hourage, and di is a distance between the interpolation sampling point, all obtains from known seismic section.
5,, it is characterized in that ξ prevents to calculate the constant that overflows to be 0.00001-0.0000001 according to claim 1 or the 4 described methods of descending deep particular lithologic body definitely.
6, the method for descending deep particular lithologic body definitely according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described each seismic trace of step 3) refers to each point (with the grid node of seismic grid formation) on the plane, the distance between present 2 seismic traces is generally 25 meters.
7, the method for descending deep particular lithologic body definitely according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described lineups of step 4) are axles of the same phase that seismic waveshape forms on the seismic section.
8, the method for descending deep particular lithologic body definitely according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described zone thickness 5-15ms of step 4) (time domain).
9, the method for descending deep particular lithologic body definitely according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described definite each the zone of interest degree of depth of step 5) is from seismic trace near well, contrast, determine the interval velocity of each zone of interest of seismic trace near well and well vertically, for the stratum of not getting into, use this interval velocity of distinguishing known particular lithologic, determine the deep high-velocity bed; For the situation that does not have well, vertically go up the successively definite from shallow to deep method of interval velocity that adopts the known lithology in work area and determine the zone of interest degree of depth.
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Cited By (12)

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CN102426388A (en) * 2011-11-04 2012-04-25 贺传松 Method for petroleum exploration by using natural seismic data and method for evaluating expansion of known oil field mining
CN102073064B (en) * 2009-11-25 2012-11-14 中国石油天然气集团公司 Method for improving velocity spectrum resolution by using phase information
CN104007468A (en) * 2014-05-23 2014-08-27 中国地质大学（武汉） Method for depicting volcanic space distribution based on amplitude-variance cube seismic attributes
CN104991277A (en) * 2015-06-24 2015-10-21 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and device for utilizing sound wave speed to judge oil-gas possibility of volcanic rock
WO2015196779A1 (en) * 2014-06-24 2015-12-30 夏正元 Method for obtaining velocity of high-accuracy seismic waves using stacking velocity
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CN102073064B (en) * 2009-11-25 2012-11-14 中国石油天然气集团公司 Method for improving velocity spectrum resolution by using phase information
CN102426388A (en) * 2011-11-04 2012-04-25 贺传松 Method for petroleum exploration by using natural seismic data and method for evaluating expansion of known oil field mining
CN102426388B (en) * 2011-11-04 2014-06-25 贺传松 Method for petroleum exploration by using natural seismic data and method for evaluating expansion of known oil field mining
CN104007468A (en) * 2014-05-23 2014-08-27 中国地质大学（武汉） Method for depicting volcanic space distribution based on amplitude-variance cube seismic attributes
WO2015196779A1 (en) * 2014-06-24 2015-12-30 夏正元 Method for obtaining velocity of high-accuracy seismic waves using stacking velocity
CN104991277A (en) * 2015-06-24 2015-10-21 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and device for utilizing sound wave speed to judge oil-gas possibility of volcanic rock
CN105510993B (en) * 2015-12-23 2018-01-05 中国石油大学(北京) The buried extrusion pressing type complexity gypseous-salt rock identification of foreland basin and distribution forecasting method
CN105510993A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-20 中国石油大学(北京) Foreland basin deep buried and compressed type complex gypsum-salt rock identification and distribution prediction method
CN107013207A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-08-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of method for obtaining Complex Fault Block Oil Reservoir sand body underground well location information
CN109781039A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-05-21 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 The method of the vertical scale quantitative forecast of solution cavity
CN109781039B (en) * 2018-12-21 2021-01-29 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method for quantitatively predicting longitudinal dimension of karst cave
CN112014875A (en) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-01 北京阳光杰科科技股份有限公司 Pre-stack seismic inversion method and device
CN111550186A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-08-18 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Horizontal well deflecting section track optimization method based on stratum thickness change
CN112764104A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-05-07 南方科技大学 Measuring method, measuring device, terminal equipment and storage medium
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CN114488305A (en) * 2022-02-16 2022-05-13 重庆科技学院 Fine calibration method for seismic data geological horizon in new exploratory area without well

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