CN102798892B - A kind of method utilizing transformed wave attributes extraction to analyze Effective Reservoirs - Google Patents

A kind of method utilizing transformed wave attributes extraction to analyze Effective Reservoirs Download PDF

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CN102798892B
CN102798892B CN201110139971.0A CN201110139971A CN102798892B CN 102798892 B CN102798892 B CN 102798892B CN 201110139971 A CN201110139971 A CN 201110139971A CN 102798892 B CN102798892 B CN 102798892B
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rms
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CN102798892A (en
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郭亚斌
周义军
强敏
夏密丽
徐上
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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Abstract

The present invention is the method utilizing transformed wave attributes extraction to analyze Effective Reservoirs in Multi-component seismic exploration, according to known well-logging with in conjunction with earthquake profile features, determine that near the other objective interval of well, two standard reflection layers are reference layer, reference lamina waveform similarity and waveform relevant matches in hour window is made to calculate P-S wave velocity ratio, transformed wave is carried out time compress, fine correlation is carried out to stacked section zone of interest and reflection horizon, time window within the scope of calculate P-wave section, the RMS amplitude attribute of each seismic trace of longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane, same position is wave-amplitude ratio and wave-amplitude difference in length and breadth in length and breadth, the developmental state of prediction section two dimensional or three-dimensional position place reservoir or Effective Reservoirs.The present invention can predict main stem distributing position qualitatively, has good correspondence with the gas-bearing property of objective interval reservoir, the corresponding good region of gas-bearing property of short arc ratio, the region that the corresponding gas-bearing property of high amplitude ratio is poor.

Description

A kind of method utilizing transformed wave attributes extraction to analyze Effective Reservoirs
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic exploration technique, is that a kind of being applicable to utilizes transformed wave attributes extraction to analyze the method for Effective Reservoirs in Multi-component seismic exploration.
Background technology
Multiband fusion is with vertical/horizontal ripple epicenter excitation, utilize three-component seismometer record primary seismic wave, exploration that shear wave (comprising parallel-vertical shear wave)/transformed wave carries out, reflection wave is not produced by shear wave source, but by incident longitudinal wave change produce be transformed wave.
Seismic properties is the concrete measurement content producing geometry, kinematics, dynamic characteristic from seismic data volume, obviously, have contacting of countless ties between seismic properties and subsurface rock physical property, different regions, different lithology and different oil reservoir configure the contact that all can have influence between seismic properties.Multiband fusion data to be multiplied seismic properties (as attribute difference, attribute ratio, attribute difference rate and subdivision amount etc.) than single longitudinal wave exploration, and the integrated application of these attributes effectively can improve the success ratio of seismic prospecting.
When roch layer interface upper and lower layer lithology is relatively stable, the change of all kinds of seismic properties is main relevant with objective interval (oily layer of sand) thickness and oily.The imaging of transformed wave is so responsive not as compressional wave to the fluid in rock, therefore, is necessary transformed wave attributes extraction, to carry out oil-gas recognition to geological information and reservoir.
In oil-gas exploration and development, conventional attribute analysis refers to and utilizes merely longitudinal wave earthquake attribute to carry out division structure, detection tomography, prediction lithology and favorable reservoir body, and the accumulation property of oil reservoir inside is described, monitor even fluid motion and carry out other reservoir engineering research.
Although the Sulige area that compressional wave attribute analysis technology is taking low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir as representative is widely used, but it perplexs by multiresolution issue always, can not well reflect the feature such as reservoir or Effective Reservoirs, its exploration success ratio is lower, is difficult to the demand meeting In Oil Field Exploration And Development situation.Therefore, carry out joint compressional and shear wave survey, compressional wave, the transformed wave Seismic Attribute Parameters that directly can reflect lithology and hydrocarbon information are extracted in research, are the approach solving reservoir prediction of gas fields problem.But the extraction and application of transformed wave attribute not yet has ripe method to use for reference utilization at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of compressional wave, the transformed wave Seismic Attribute Parameters that directly can reflect lithology and hydrocarbon information, is that the transformed wave attributes extraction that utilizes solving reservoir prediction of gas fields problem analyzes the method for Effective Reservoirs.
The present invention is realized by following steps:
1) adopt the method for seismic exploration two-dimensional or three-dimensional to gather the geological data in work area, first relative amplitude reservation process is carried out to compressional wave, transformed wave source book, make the amplitude of section, frequency attribute can reflect subsurface geology feature;
Step 1) described in relative amplitude reservation process refer to: in processes, retain the relativeness of Seismic Reflection Amplitude, remove the amplitude information irrelevant with geological information, keep real amplitude variation with Offset rule.
2) according to full wave train log compressional wave, the transformed wave composite traces of work area fixed well, in conjunction with the feature of reflection wave on seismic section on various stratum, two stabilized reference reflection horizon near objective interval are determined on the other compressional wave of well, transformed wave seismic section;
Step 2) described in one, two stabilized reference reflection horizon be the reflection of top circle, Taiyuan group coal seam, the clear reflection of wave group feature is strong, the whole district can chase after continuously and combine contrast; Another be at the bottom of the large cover sandstone of the Permian system Shi Qian peak group boundary reflection, in-strong reflection, can follow the trail of continuously.
3) on compressional wave, transformed wave seismic section, with two stabilized reference reflection horizon for reference layer, make corresponding reference lamina waveform similarity and waveform relevant matches in hour window, calculate P-S wave velocity ratio according to the following formula, transformed wave is carried out time compress, obtains the converted wave sectional plane of longitudinal wave time domain;
gamm = V p V s = 2 h / Δ t pp 2 h / ( 2 Δ t ps - Δ t pp ) = 2 Δ t ps - Δ t pp Δ t pp - - - ( 1 )
In formula: gamma is P-S wave velocity ratio, V p, V sbe respectively P-and S-wave velocity, h is the subsurface reflection point degree of depth, Δ t ps, Δ t ppbe respectively compressional wave and transformed wave whilst on tour;
4) fine correlation tracking is carried out to the stacked section of converted wave zone of interest of longitudinal wave time domain and two stable sign back layers;
5) window when opening a constant along zone of interest, time window within the scope of be calculated as follows the RMS amplitude attribute obtaining P-wave section, each seismic trace of longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane;
RMS = 1 N Σ i = 1 N a i 2 - - - ( 2 )
In formula: RMS is RMS amplitude attribute, N is amplitude samples number, a ifor amplitude;
6) P-wave section, longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane same position wave-amplitude ratio and wave-amplitude difference in length and breadth is in length and breadth calculated according to the following formula respectively;
AMPLITUDE RATIOS=RMS in length and breadth pP/ RMS pS
Wave-amplitude difference=RMS in length and breadth pP-RMS pS
In formula: RMS pP, RMS pSbe respectively compressional wave, transformed wave RMS amplitude property value;
7) by the demarcation to fixed well on survey line, determine calculated various compressional waves, transformed wave amplitude, amplitude ratio, difference of vibration, formed corresponding with work area Main Reservoirs characteristic, predict the developmental state of section two dimensional or three-dimensional position place reservoir or Effective Reservoirs qualitatively.
Step 7) in reservoir characteristics be sand thickness, net sandstone thickness and compressional wave, transformed wave amplitude attribute power extremely set up corresponding relation.
The present invention utilizes the distribution of transformed wave strong shock preparation can predict main stem distributing position qualitatively; P-wave amplitude has good correspondence with the ratio of transformed wave amplitude and the gas-bearing property of objective interval reservoir, the corresponding good region of gas-bearing property of short arc ratio, the region that the corresponding gas-bearing property of high amplitude ratio is poor, the method can be predicted Effective Reservoirs easily and fast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is transformed wave composite seismogram calibration figure;
Fig. 2 is compressional wave composite seismogram calibration figure;
Fig. 3 is longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane figure;
Fig. 4 is transformed wave RMS amplitude figure;
Fig. 5 is P-wave amplitude, transformed wave amplitude ratio figure.
Embodiment
For Problems existing in background technology, first the present invention carries out preserved amplitude processing to the multi-component seismic data of two dimension or three-dimensional field acquisition, according to the zone of interest on full wave train log data determination compressional wave and converted wave sectional plane and reference lamina, converted wave sectional plane is compressed to longitudinal wave time domain, follow the trail of longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane zone of interest, then compressional wave is calculated, converted wave sectional plane RMS amplitude attribute, finally ask for compressional wave, transformed wave amplitude attribute ratio, form the amplitude ratio data volume being finally applied to Effective Reservoirs prediction, the basis of reservoir calibration completes RESERVOIR RECOGNITION to it, establishment Effective Reservoirs planimetric map.
1) adopt the method for 3-d seismic exploration to gather the geological data in work area, first relative amplitude reservation process is carried out to compressional wave, transformed wave source book, make the amplitude of section, frequency attribute can reflect subsurface geology feature;
2) according to full wave train log compressional wave, the transformed wave composite traces of work area fixed well, in conjunction with the feature of reflection wave on seismic section on various stratum, to determine on the other compressional wave of well, transformed wave seismic section two stabilized reference reflection horizon near objective interval, as Fig. 1,2 determines that Tpq, Tc2 are two standard reflection layers;
3) on compressional wave, transformed wave seismic section, with two stabilized reference reflection horizon for reference layer, make corresponding reference lamina waveform similarity and waveform relevant matches in hour window, calculate P-S wave velocity ratio, transformed wave is carried out time compress, obtain the converted wave sectional plane of longitudinal wave time domain, as shown in Figure 3;
4) fine correlation tracking is carried out to the stacked section of converted wave zone of interest of longitudinal wave time domain and two stable sign back layers;
5) window when opening a constant along zone of interest, time window within the scope of calculate the RMS amplitude attribute of P-wave section, each seismic trace of longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane, as shown in Figure 4;
6) P-wave section, longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane same position wave-amplitude ratio is in length and breadth calculated according to the following formula respectively, as shown in Figure 5;
AMPLITUDE RATIOS=RMS in length and breadth pP/ RMS pS
In formula: RMS pP, RMS pSbe respectively compressional wave, transformed wave RMS amplitude property value;
7) by the demarcation to fixed well on survey line, determine calculated various compressional waves, transformed wave amplitude, amplitude ratio, difference of vibration, formed corresponding with work area Main Reservoirs characteristic, predict the developmental state of section two dimensional or three-dimensional position place reservoir or Effective Reservoirs qualitatively.
Fig. 1 is the RMS amplitude attribute of transformed wave, demarcated by drilling well, it should be based on lithology that the attribute of transformed wave points to substantially, and the change of transformed wave amplitude is main relevant with objective interval sand layer thickness, box 8 sections of sandstone thickness are thicker, itself and under the reflection covered between mudstone stratum stronger.Therefore, the distribution of transformed wave strong shock preparation is utilized can to predict main stem distributing position qualitatively.
Fig. 2 is the ratio of P-wave amplitude/transformed wave amplitude, verifies that the ratio of P-wave amplitude/transformed wave amplitude and the gas-bearing property of objective interval reservoir have good correspondence by drilling well, and the corresponding gas-bearing property of short arc ratio is better, and the corresponding gas-bearing property of high amplitude ratio is poor.Total known exploitation well 82 mouthfuls in this research Su Lige Soviet Union 31-13 wellblock, wherein I+II class Jing68Kou, III class Jing14Kou, is verified by comparative analysis, and wherein have 58 mouthfuls of wells and PP/PS amplitude ratio attribute to coincide better, coincidence rate accounts for 70.7%.

Claims (4)

1. utilize transformed wave attributes extraction to analyze a method for Effective Reservoirs, it is characterized in that, realized by following steps:
1) adopt the method for seismic exploration two-dimensional or three-dimensional to gather the geological data in work area, first relative amplitude reservation process is carried out to compressional wave, transformed wave source book, make the amplitude of section, frequency attribute can reflect subsurface geology feature;
2) according to full wave train log compressional wave, the transformed wave composite traces of work area fixed well, in conjunction with the feature of reflection wave on seismic section on various stratum, two stabilized reference reflection horizon near objective interval are determined on the other compressional wave of well, transformed wave seismic section;
3) on compressional wave, transformed wave seismic section, with two stabilized reference reflection horizon for reference layer, make corresponding reference lamina waveform similarity and waveform relevant matches in hour window, calculate P-S wave velocity ratio according to the following formula, transformed wave is carried out time compress, obtains the converted wave sectional plane of longitudinal wave time domain;
gamma = V p V s = 2 h / Δ t pp 2 h / ( 2 Δ t ps - Δ t pp ) = 2 Δ t ps - Δ t pp Δ t pp - - - ( 1 )
In formula: gamma is P-S wave velocity ratio, V p, V sbe respectively P-and S-wave velocity, h is the subsurface reflection point degree of depth, △ t ps, △ t ppbe respectively compressional wave and transformed wave whilst on tour;
4) fine correlation tracking is carried out to the stacked section of converted wave zone of interest of longitudinal wave time domain and two stabilized reference reflection horizon;
5) window when opening a constant along zone of interest, time window within the scope of be calculated as follows the RMS amplitude attribute obtaining P-wave section, each seismic trace of longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane;
RMS = 1 N Σ i = 1 N a i 2 - - - ( 2 )
In formula: RMS is RMS amplitude attribute, N is amplitude samples number, a ifor amplitude;
6) P-wave section, longitudinal wave time domain converted wave sectional plane same position wave-amplitude ratio and wave-amplitude difference in length and breadth is in length and breadth calculated according to the following formula respectively;
AMPLITUDE RATIOS=RMS in length and breadth pP/ RMS pS
Wave-amplitude difference=RMS in length and breadth pP-RMS pS
In formula: RMS pP, RMS pSbe respectively compressional wave, transformed wave RMS amplitude property value;
7) by the demarcation to fixed well on survey line, determine calculated various compressional waves, transformed wave amplitude, amplitude ratio, difference of vibration, formed corresponding with work area Main Reservoirs characteristic, predict the developmental state of section two dimensional or three-dimensional position place reservoir or Effective Reservoirs qualitatively.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 1) described in relative amplitude reservation process refer in processes, retain the relativeness of Seismic Reflection Amplitude, remove the amplitude information irrelevant with geological information, keep real amplitude variation with Offset rule.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) described in one, two stabilized reference reflection horizon be the reflection of top circle, Taiyuan group coal seam, the clear reflection of wave group feature is strong, the whole district can follow the trail of contrast continuously; Another be at the bottom of the large cover sandstone of the Permian system Shi Qian peak group boundary reflection, in strong reflection, can follow the trail of continuously.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 7) in reservoir characteristics be sand thickness, net sandstone thickness and compressional wave, transformed wave amplitude attribute power extremely set up corresponding relation.
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CN104898161B (en) * 2014-03-05 2017-02-15 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 Effective sandstone predicting method based on logging response simulator
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