The edible oil that contains two kinds of essential fatty acids
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of edible oil, relate to the edible oil of-6 two kinds of essential fatty acids of a kind of ω of containing-3 and ω particularly.
Background technology
The blending edible oil notion is rooted in the hearts of the people, and it is correct that guiding is used ready-mixed oil, but how to be in harmonious proportion, and then is the problem that people extremely pay close attention to.In fact consume oil is exactly the absorption of human body to fat, closely related with fatty acid metabolism.
Lipid in the human body, separated into two parts, that is: fat and lipoid.Fat claims triglycerides (edible oil) again, is by a part glycerine and three molecules of fatty acids be combined intos, and the aliphatic acid kind of forming natural fat is a lot, and is also different to the effect of human body.Fat can be divided into energy fat and structural fatty generally.Energy fat also claims saturated fat, mainly be made up of saturated fatty acid, be stored between people's subcutaneous connective tissue, omentum majus, mesenterium, flesh around the connective tissue and some internal organs, these fat account for 98% of the total fat of whole body, owing to can be discerned, claim " visible fat " again.The caloric value of energy fat is quite big, and with regard to same weight, its caloric value is sugar, starch, protein 2 times.Its major physiological function is an energize, can be employed when body needs, and plays the protection body, keeps the human body normal body temperature, and buffer mechanism impacts, and is fixing and protect each internal organs and organize the joint, promotes the effects such as absorption of liposoluble vitamin.Structural fatty claims " invisible fat " again, mainly is made up of many carbon unrighted acid, to constitute the form that the partes corporis humani divides the eucaryotic cell structure composition, extensively is present in the cell of brain, liver, lung, the heart, spleen, testis and musculature.Up to the present, people still can't see it, thereby claim " invisible fat " again.Structural fatty major physiological function is to constitute body, provides many carbon unrighted acid, the neuroprotective tissue.For example, to constitute the fatty material of brain important materials, be structural fatty but not energy fat.Wherein 40%~50% is many carbon unrighted acid (as DHA).Many carbon unrighted acid is the needs that make up the good brain of structure quality, is the needs that the structure quality of brain is taken a turn for the better.Many carbon unrighted acid mainly refers to linoleic acid (octadecadienoic acid), leukotrienes (octatecatrienoic acid), arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid), 20 carbon, five diluted acids and 22 carbon, six diluted acids.Wherein leukotrienes is because the position of double bond difference is divided into a-leukotrienes and gamma-Linolenic acid.In numerous unsaturated acids, linoleic acid and a-leukotrienes must be by food supplies because of not synthesized by candy, protein and other nutrients in vivo, and " essential fatty acid " is otherwise known as.The basic source of essential fatty acid is plant, animal tallow or synthetic.
Daily edible vegetable oil, no matter any, all containing visible aliphatic acid (energy aliphatic acid) is saturated fatty acid, performance provides the effect of human body energy.What people paid close attention to most is that structural fatty acid is unrighted acid, and just two kinds of essential fatty acids (linoleic acid and a-leukotrienes) are to determine human beings'health and life-span on molecular level, and are significant.
Essential fatty acid has its characteristics, one, and metabolic enzyme is identical, but the metabolite difference, collaborative performance biological effect between the metabolite.They are two years old, double key number order difference on the chemical constitution, position of double bond is also different, in order to distinguish and to discern, people are called ω-3 series with terminal double bond on third from the bottom carbon, be called ω-6 series on the 6th carbon reciprocal, linoleic acid and metabolite gamma-Linolenic acid thereof and arachidonic acid belong to ω-6 series, and a-leukotrienes and metabolite 20 carbon, five diluted acids thereof and 22 carbon, six diluted acids belong to ω-3 series.
Various aliphatic acid all are beneficial to human body, but the direction that the absorption ratio of essential fatty acid and intake will guide human fat to take in.Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid have only and enter body at the same time by a certain percentage, and metabolite could the biological benefit group's effect of correct performance, otherwise will mutual restriction, and body is caused harmful effect.
At present, the edible vegetable oil of producing in China is not that the main linoleic acid that contains ω-3 series is exactly the main alpha-linolenic acid that contains ω-3 series, is necessary so be in harmonious proportion.Must have science but be in harmonious proportion, if two kinds of essential fatty acid unifications are grouped into the polyunsaturated fatty acid category, disproportional relation does not then meet the synchronous metabolism requirement of body.In fact, take much count of the absorption problem of ω-3 type essential fatty acid both at home and abroad, Japan is law-making stipulation for a long time, must add many carbon of ω-3 type unrighted acid in multiclass food, otherwise will not sell; The patent of Germany etc. countries with alpha-linolenic acid as medicine and food additives; The World Health Organization and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) just seriously issued a statement to the world in 1993, and in view of the importance of many carbon of ω-3 type unrighted acid and the situation of human general insufficiency of intake, special many carbon of ω-3 type unrighted acid that replenishes is wanted in suggestion; China scientific research personnel determines the amount of equal daily ingestion alpha-linolenic acid in the population of China half (WHO advises that everyone ate at least 2 gram/days) no more than world health organisation recommendations amount 1 gram through a large amount of nutrition investigation, mensuration.But all do not relate to the proportion compatibility of two kinds of essential fatty acids in certain specific edible product, do not emphasize that the two enters the importance of body simultaneously yet.
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are respectively the parents of the interior ω-6 of body and ω-unrighted acid of carbon more than 3 (arachidonic acid AA, 20 carbon, five diluted acid EPA, 22 carbon, six diluted acid DHA), both and carbochain thereof prolong product and can not transform mutually, the effect trans-substitution mutually of ω-3 and ω-6 aliphatic acid has only compatibility could really embody the value of essential fatty acid.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of edible oil that contains two kinds of essential fatty acids, perhaps be called and contain ω-6 and ω-3 edible oil, to satisfy the demand of human body to essential fatty acid.
For achieving the above object, the edible oil that contains two kinds of essential fatty acids provided by the invention, for a-leukotrienes or its metabolite in 1: the mixture that the ratio of 1-10 and linoleic acid or its metabolite are formed.
Aforementioned proportion of the present invention has different proportion requirement according to actual needs, as popular ω-3 edible oil, a-leukotrienes: linoleic acid=1: 5-10, calculate according to taking in 25 gram edible oils for each person every day, should satisfy human body and take in above linoleic acid of 10 grams and the above a-leukotrienes standard of 2 grams every day.
Described edible oil, wherein, the linolenic metabolite of a-is eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA.
Described edible oil, wherein, linoleic metabolite is gamma-Linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.
Described edible oil, wherein, one or more in interpolation vitamin E, fat-soluble tea polyphenol, butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), 2,6 BHTs (BHT) are as protective agent.
Described edible oil, wherein, one or more in interpolation vitamin C, organic selenium, organic germanium, the lecithin are as protective agent.
Edible oil of the present invention can be applicable to treat and prevent the medication preparation of high fat of blood, hypertension and hyperglycaemia, can also be applied in the preparation of nutraceutical.
For ease of carrying and taking, edible oil of the present invention can be made into liquid-type, oral liquid formulation and capsule formulation.
Carbon more than two kinds of the present invention do not wrap with aliphatic acid in, linoleic acid (linoleic acid) formal name used at school 9, the 12-octadecadienoic acid is all-cis formula octadecadienoic acid.Alpha-linolenic acid (α-linolenic acid is called for short leukotrienes) formal name used at school 9,12, the 15-octatecatrienoic acid is all-cis formula octatecatrienoic acid.From:
1) plant is as safflower seed oil, flax (being also referred to as flax) seed oil, perilla oil, walnut oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rape seed oil, sesame wet goods;
2) from animal such as marine animal fish etc., terraria such as horse dog chicken and duck etc.;
3) from synthetic: as linoleate, linolenate etc.
The specific embodiment
The chemical constitution of two kinds of essential fatty acids (many carbon do not wrap and aliphatic acid) that the present invention adopts is different with the position except that the double key number order, and other difference is less, because the accurate identification of carburetting enzyme has just had the difference of the two metabolite, but closely related property is arranged.
As medicine or functional food ingredients, ω-3 and ω-6 aliphatic acid all have angiocardiopathy preventing, treatment hyperlipemia, slight senile dementia, reduce the danger of cholesterolemia etc., but, if the two ratio not to or single use excessively, all can cause the safety issue of many carbon unrighted acid.
Many carbon unrighted acid (essential fatty acid) goods since its active character to make it be exposed in the air very fast generation autoxidation rotten, even produce noxious material, thereby lose its commerce and nutritive value.Although the also unspecial omega-fatty acid safety issue that proposes has some about taking in the report that heavy dose of omega-fatty acid causes the rodent changes of liver function.Raise in external sensitiveness according to the low-density lipoprotein that is rich in omega-fatty acid (LDL) to oxidation; can increase antioxidant as safeguard measure; when utilizing many carbon unrighted acid to prepare functional food; vitamin E, fat-soluble tea polyphenol, butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), 2; 6 BHTs (BHT), vitamin C, organic selenium, organic germanium and lecithin all are antioxidant or the anti-oxidant auxiliary agents of using always; be again good physiological activator simultaneously, have cooperative effect with essential fatty acid.
Embodiment 1:
Mediation sunflower oil ratio (%)
Sunflower oil (containing linoleic acid more than 60%) 50
Siritch (containing the a-leukotrienes more than 50%) 50
Embodiment 2:
ω-3 edible oil (mediation peanut oil) ratio (%)
Peanut oil (about linoleic acid 40%) 50
Siritch (containing the a-leukotrienes more than 50%) 20
Safflower oil (linoleic acid is more than 80%) 30
Embodiment 3:
ω-3 edible oil (mediation soybean oil) ratio (%)
Soybean oil (about linoleic acid 50%) 75
Siritch (containing the a-leukotrienes more than 50%) 20
Safflower oil (linoleic acid is more than 80%) 15
Embodiment 4:
ω-3 edible oil ratio (%)
Sunflower oil (containing linoleic acid more than 60%) 84
Siritch (containing the a-leukotrienes more than 50%) 16
Embodiment 5: be used to prepare medicine
Linoleic acid has linoleic acid pill, linoleic acid compound ball (yishouning), linoleic acid compound ethyl ester ball (lipid level and Maitong) already as clinical blood lipid-lowering medicine, and shortcoming all is the linoleic acid of single component.Quasi-drugs of the present invention all should compatibility a-leukotrienes, is exactly safflower seed oil compound formulation with a-leukotrienes compatibility such as the selenizing safflower seed oil, raises the chief of safflower seed oil, keeps away the shortage of safflower seed oil.
Embodiment 6: be applied in the nutraceutical
Essential fatty acid generally not with other nutritional labeling generation chemical reaction and biological antagonist effect, as vitamins, amino acids, trace element etc.Therefore, under the situation that formulation allows, all can add essential fatty acid.As oral liquid formulation and capsule formulation.
Embodiment 7: be applied in the condensed food
With the body specific demand, be that the food of carrier is called condensed food with food, as the food of strengthening children growth, strengthen intelligence food, strengthen bone growth food etc., when these food of preparation, as long as the formulation permission all can add essential fatty acid.Selenizing safflower seed oil soft capsule is a condensed food, adds micro-organic selenium in the compatibility essential fatty acid, has both brought into play the effect of compatibility essential fatty acid, mends selenium again.
In order to verify effect of the present invention, the present invention obtains alpha-linolenic acid from siritch, be prepared into three assembly, 5 safflower seed oils by different proportion, and carry out animal reducing blood lipid test, with deep sea fish oil (many carbon of n-3 series unrighted acid) and linoleic acid product in contrast by various dose.Wherein:
Compatibility safflower seed oil A: safflower oil (containing linoleic acid 80%): alpha-linolenic acid linoleic acid mixed acid (containing alpha-linolenic acid 62%, linoleic acid 22%)=1: 4; Amount to linoleic acid: alpha-linolenic acid=1: 5;
Compatibility safflower seed oil B: safflower oil: alpha-linolenic acid linoleic acid mixed acid=2: 3; Amount to linoleic acid: alpha-linolenic acid=1.2: 1;
Compatibility safflower seed oil C: safflower oil: alpha-linolenic acid linoleic acid mixed acid=3: 2; Amount to linoleic acid: alpha-linolenic acid=2.5: 1.
Determine animal experiment dosage according to the rat mtd test, the definition heavy dose is 150mg/100g; Middle dosage is 100mg/100g; Low dose is 50mg/100g.
The result shows that these two kinds of essential fatty acids of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid not only must use by compatibility, and dose-effect relationship is clear and definite, and wherein the B prescription can reduce triglyceride levels, can reduce cholesterol levels again, is better than A and C prescription.Result of the test sees Table 1.
Table 1: the compatibility safflower seed oil is to the influence of rat fat level
In the table, * compares P<0.05 with high fat salt solution group, and * * compares P<0.01 with high fat salt solution group
Compare with the hyperlipidemia model group, deep sea fish oil group only triglycerides (TG) reduces, and difference has statistical significance (p<0.05); In compatibility essential fatty acid A, B, three prescriptions of C, little, in, big three dosage groups all reduce TG, difference has statistical significance (p<0.01), effect is better than the deep sea fish oil group.Heavy dose in the B prescription can reduce cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDLC), and difference has statistical significance (p<0.01).
The inventor selects optimization formula to prepare soft capsule, and use among the people (select the vegetable oil raw material, do not have any ill-effect), wherein to 20 hypertriglyceridemia person's tracing observations, the result is efficient to reach 100%.By with the document comparative analysis, compatibility essential fatty acid lipid-lowering effect is better than about 15 times of safflower oil (containing linoleic acid more than 80%), and the importance of compatibility has been described.