CN101552444A - System and method for deicing of power line cables - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method for deicing power transmission cables divides the cable into sections. Switches are provided at each end of a section for coupling the conductors together in parallel in a normal mode, and at least some of the conductors in series in an anti-icing mode. When the switches couple the conductors in series, an electrical resistance of the cable section is effectively increased allowing self-heating of the cable by power-line current to deice the cable; the switches couple the conductors in parallel for less loss during normal operation. In an alternative embodiment, the system provides current through a steel strength core of each cable to provide deicing, while during normal operation current flows through low resistance conductor layers. Backup hardware is provided to return the system to low resistance operation should a cable overtemperature state occur.

Description

The deicing system and the de-icing method that are used for power line cables

Related application

Present patent application requires 12/193 of submission on August 18th, 2008,61/041 of No. 650 non-temporary patent applications of the U.S. and submission on April 2nd, 2008, the priority of No. 875 U.S. Provisional Patent Application, the disclosed content of two applications is incorporated this paper by reference into.

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of overhead power transmission lines.Be particularly related to and a kind ofly be used for preventing or removing such as the excessive icing on the cable of transmission line, thereby make transmission line avoid being subjected to the method and system of the destruction that excessive icing weight brings.

Background technology

Some regional ice storms in the U.S. are quite general.Ice storm can cause ice to cover structurally, comprises overhead transmission line and related with it electric pole and electric tower; These icing can reach several inches thick.Fortunately, the time that such ice storm takes place only accounts for the very small scale of transmission line work total time, and any transmission line had only several times in common every year can suffer from such ice storm.

The icing loading can cause significant problem to the machinery pressurization of cable and structure.For example, 2 inches icing cylinders can make the weight of 1 inch cable conductor increase 5.7t for every mile.The change of the cross-section of cable will increase charming appearance and behaviour pressure, further increases the probability of cable breakage.Icing can cause the fracture of power transmission line and electric pole, and the collapsing of electric tower; Any destruction all will disturb electric power to carry, and cause injuring the serious risk of ground staff and property.

Some transmission line is the contact line to electric vehicle power supply.Because ice is non-conductor,, disturbs the icing on the contact line so can producing the power supply of motor vehicle.

Transmission line is designed to have stable, low overall resistance usually, to avoid the hot operation of excessive energy consumption and electric wire.When electric wire reaches a high temperature, no matter be because electric current self-heating, or hot environment, perhaps the two has concurrently, can make that all electric wire is elongated and dies down.Lead is elongated may to cause the circuit between electric pole or the electric tower sagging, thereby may cause the harm to ground staff or property.In addition, the low resistance during the normal operation of expectation to be avoiding excessive energy consumption, and so-called energy consumption means, though because of circuit heat producing losses's a kw of power is to fail to arrive the user, one kilowatt of electric power that must must send.At last, because the excess voltage drops of the transmission line that high resistance causes may cause the network system instability.

Cable in most transmission lines has many separate conductors, and these leads are spaced apart several inches usually, is electrically connected in parallel with as each phase line.Though by improving the lead cooling condition of cable under hot environment of thermo-contact each other, thereby allow the bigger ampacity of cable, because this ice-nucleus that is designed to provides extra surface, so can increase ice cover.For example, for the system with two parallel transmission lines, wherein every circuit has three cables, and every cable has the lead that five velamen walls separate, if all cables all are coated with two inches thick ice sheets, this may make every mile circuit increase by 172 tons additional weight.In addition, incompatible in such design and single switch deicing design, reason only be can to energized conductor or with the conductor deicing of energized conductor thermo-contact.

Not only the wind resistance of the high weight of icing circuit and increase can cause that rupture of line and electric tower collapse, and the active force flip-flop that initial rupture of line or electric pole or electric tower collapse on the caused electric tower can cause that also other electric tower or electric poles that close on collapse as the dominoes, thereby, the maintenance personal can find not only electric tower that falls down, but the remains of a dozen or more adjacent electric towers that tangled by the line of fall.The collapsing suddenly of transmission line also can cause the infringement to controller switching equipment and power plant, and can cause the instability of electrical network.In the worst case, collapsing suddenly of transmission line may cause the instability of suitable capacitance loss and electrical network, and such power failure that causes may extend to other states.Therefore need to prevent, reduce or remove the icing on these circuits.

No. 6396132 United States Patent (USP)s of Couture and 2003/0006652 and No. 2008/0061632 U.S. Patent Application Publication a kind of system, this system has the equipment that LOAD CELLS or other are used for detecting the icing of transmission line.In this system, when detection has icing, by closed in parallel machinery and electronic switch, one or more parallel wire of a certain phase of transmission line is disconnected, mobile electric current is introduced into selected one or several parallel wire and it is carried out deicing in the transmission line like this.The pattern that reconfigures Closing Switch is afterwards introduced other one or several parallel wire with electric current.

In the state of the art, also there is other the system that is used for transmission line is carried out deicing.For example, in authorizing No. 4190137 United States Patent (USP)s of Shimada, the parallel circuit of electric car system is connected into the loop, then, usually along this loop superimposed current of electric power upper edge of loop transmission, to carry out the circuit deicing.In one embodiment, Shimada discloses a kind of direct current fare, and it has the alternating current that superposes along the contact line loop and is used for inducing Joule heat to carry out the circuit deicing.

The transmission line transmission is not always to carry the identical magnitude of current.Changed with multiple factor by the transmission line electric current transmitted, comprise load condition, also comprise the time and the weather on the same day successively, the specific selection in the power plant of moment operation, and other factors.For example, one is transported to the electric power transmission network of electrical network with electric power from a wind energy and solar electricity generation field, and its electric current transmitted can be subjected to the influence of situation, the time on the same day and the wind conditions of cloud.Even for traditional power plant, for example those have the power plant of a plurality of units, and its power line current that provides also may change in time, and for example a unit in two unit power plant may be closed because of repairing.Equally, the circuited transmission that energy-storage system is connected to (comprising pumped-storage power station and battery storage station) electrical network conduction current off and on.

Summary of the invention

A kind of system that is used for removing ice of power transmission line, this transmission line comprises cable (every cable is used for a phase of triple line, or is used for the positive wire or the cathode conductor of AC line), wherein, cable has the lead of three mutual insulatings at least.This system has switch, and this switch is all in parallel to carry out normal low resistance operation with three leads when disconnecting; And this switch is operated all electric series connection of three leads when closure so that cable is carried out deicing.This system moves under the control of system controller.

In a specific embodiment, transmission line is to the circuit as the electric vehicle power supply of electric locomotive, tramcar or trolley bus.In several leads one directly electrically contacts with sliding mechanical connecting rod such as bow collector or contact line.In a specific embodiment, the resistance of the lead that electrically contacts with bow collector and mechanical strength are all greater than other two leads.For example, the lead that contacts with bow collector can be made by steel, stainless steel, bronze, brass, copper covered steel or aluminium Baogang, and other two parallel wires can be become by aluminium, aluminium alloy or copper.

In a specific embodiment, every cable has the lead of 5 mutual insulatings at least, five lead parallel connections when normal operation, and five leads are all connected when deicing.In other embodiment, the lead of 3,7 and other quantity is disclosed.

At another embodiment that is used for the cable of transmission line is carried out the system of deicing, every cable is divided into two sections at least.Every section has 3 leads at least, when normal operation, and these 3 lead parallel connections, and when deicing, these 3 lead series connection.System controller is set so that in succession cut cable is carried out deicing, carries out undue disturbance to prevent that the deicing operation from carrying the electric power of transmission line.

In a specific embodiment, provide a kind of equipment so that the monitoring cable temperature, and when detected conductor temperature is too high, lead is returned to state in parallel.

In another embodiment, be used for lead with transmission line comprises the energy energy storage device with charger, the control signal receiver that is used to receive instruction, suspension control signal receiver at the switch enclosure that switches between parallel connection configuration and configured in series control with at least one switch of the magnitude of current of at least one lead determining to flow through cable and when the temperature that detects cable conductor is too high, make the control signal receiver override and cable conductor is reverted to the equipment of state in parallel.

In another embodiment, cable need not to have multiple conducting wires, but for example having, the resistance of steel wire strengthens core and at least one lead, this system has switch enclosure, it is used under first operational mode enough electric currents are turned to and flow through resistance from lead strengthening core so that cable is carried out deicing, wherein, nearly all electric current all flows through lead under second operational mode.

In a specific embodiment, by placing or increasing an inductance of connecting with lead, switch enclosure turns to the electric current that flows through the enhancing core; Strengthen the combination parallel connection that core connect with inductance and lead, simultaneously, owing to inductance has induction reactance, thereby the electric current that flows through the enhancing core can increase.

In another specific embodiment, switch enclosure has transformer and switch, and transformer is by bypass when normal operation, and under deice mode, this transformer can be used as step-up transformer electric power is redirect to the enhancing core.

In another specific embodiment, switch enclosure includes and is used for the device that the current value of monitoring cable temperature and will strengthen core when temperature is too high reduces to normal operation level value direction.

A kind of method that is used for the cable of transmission line is carried out deicing is disclosed, wherein, the cut cable that cable has between first switch enclosure and second switch box and is made of multiple conducting wires.This cut cable has normal operation mode, and under this pattern, lead is in parallel by electricity.When having detected icing and having needed deicing, switch enclosure is reconfigured to and makes some lead electricity series connection, thereby makes this cut cable be in the high resistance deice mode.Electric current in this cut cable heats and deicing this joint cut cable.After deicing was finished, the switch of switch enclosure was reconfigured to and makes this cut cable return to normal operation mode.

In the specific embodiment of this method, the electric current of cable is monitored.In this embodiment, controller is selected from several switch configurations according to the electric current in the cable.In addition, if it is low excessively to be used for the electric current of deicing, controller may ask to increase the electric current in the cable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that is used for the system that prevents icing or removal icing of power transmission lines.

Fig. 2 shows the embodiment that prevents icing or removal ice of the contact line that is used to transmit electric power that is used for traffic and transportation system.

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the cable that is used for system shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is one section the electrical schematic diagram of a cable of another embodiment that is used for preventing the system of icing, and wherein, every cable has 5 leads.

Fig. 5 is the electrical schematic diagram of another kind of method of operation of one section cable of another embodiment that is used for preventing the system of icing, and wherein, every cable has 5 leads.

Fig. 6 is the electrical schematic diagram of another kind of method of operation of one section cable of another embodiment that is used for preventing the system of icing, and wherein, every cable has 5 leads.

Fig. 7 is one section the electrical schematic diagram of a cable of another embodiment that is used for preventing the system of icing, and wherein, every cable has 6 leads.

Fig. 8 is the electrical schematic diagram of one section cable among another embodiment, and wherein, every cable has 7 leads.

Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional view of cable, and wherein, cable has 7 leads and the steel reinforcing member of mutual thermo-contact.

Figure 10 is the block diagram that is used in the switch enclosure of the solar cell for supplying power in the system.

Figure 11 is the block diagram that another kind is used in the switch in the system.

Figure 12 shows has a plurality of cut cables, and each cut cable can be independently or in turn carry out deicing or anti-ice operation.

Figure 13 shows the cross section of the first kind of cable that is used for system shown in Figure 1.

Figure 14 shows the cross section of the second kind of cable that is used for system shown in Figure 4.

Figure 15 shows the cross section of the third cable that is used for system shown in Figure 1.

Figure 16 shows another embodiment with tandem tap.

Figure 17 shows the deicing system that is used for power line that proposes in the PCT/US2004/27408 document.

Figure 18 shows has the cross section that strengthens the cable of core with the steel of outer conducting layer electric insulation.

Figure 19 shows the deicing system of two-conductor line, every cut cable list switch.

Figure 20 is the schematic diagram that is applicable to the inductive switch of the deicing system shown in Figure 19.

Figure 21 is the schematic diagram that is used to illustrate the another kind of iron core of the inductive switch box that is used for shown in Figure 20.

Figure 22 is the schematic diagram of another every cut cable list switch deicing system, and this system has step-up transformer in order to reduce the loss of voltage on the cable.

Figure 23 is the schematic diagram that has another embodiment of the feature of embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 15 concurrently.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows and is used for the system 100 that the icing on the transmission line was removed or prevented to electric power.For for simplicity, only show in the phase line of in three cables 102 one or typical three-phase alternating current electric line in the drawings.In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, cable 102 is made of three parallel wires 104,106,108.Three leads 104,106,108 are spaced apart layer 110 and tie together along cable 102.

Cable 102 insulated bodys 112 hang on the electric tower 114, or on the electric pole among another embodiment (not shown).In the end of an economize on electricity cable 102, first switch enclosure 116 and second switch box 118 are suspended on the insulator 112 with cable 102.Respectively have a switch 120 and a switch drive controller 122 in the switch enclosure 116,118.

For one section transmission line, switch enclosure 116,118 or be in first state that switch disconnects, or be in second state of switch closure.When normal operation, switch enclosure remains on switch off state, and this moment, whole parallel wires 104,106,108 of cable 102 were electrically connected in parallel.When known or suspect when on the transmission line 100 icing being arranged, or because the arrival of accumulated ice weather need prevent icing to produce the time, the switch 120 of switch enclosure 116,118 places switch closed condition.This make three leads 104,106,108 of cable 102 with series connection but not mode in parallel be electrically connected, at this moment, lead 104 is transmitted electricity in the opposite direction, thus the effective resistance of this section cable 102 has increased by 9 times.

The normal state of effective resistance that is in switch closed condition and cable 102 along with switch 120 increases to 9 times, voltage along this section cable also can correspondingly increase to 9 times, the self-heating of this self-heating that makes cable 102 during than normal switch off state increases by 9 times, thereby for melting icing and stoping once more icing that the heating of cable 102 is provided.In order to reach purpose of the present invention, thereby the anti-ice operation of carrying out on cut cable is for melting icing or stoping once more icing that the heating of cable 102 is provided.

The operation of the switch 120 of switch enclosure 116,118 is subjected to the control of system controller 124.In one embodiment, system controller 124 is positioned at Network Operation Centre.In another embodiment, system controller 124 is the automatics that can survey the local weather situation that comprises the icing situation, it is attached on the electric tower 114 of the cut cable 102 that is easy to be subjected to icing, and switch enclosure 116,118 is controlled.Like this, even switch enclosure 116 and switch enclosure 118 miles apart from one another each other, the switch of the two also can be side by side closed basically or disconnects.

Embodiment shown in Fig. 1 also can be used for the cable or the electrode wires of DC power transmission line, or trolley wire road as shown in Figure 2.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, between two switch enclosures 156,158, have three parallel wires 150,152,154 that connect into S shape structure.In three leads one, i.e. contact wire 154 is configured to and can contacts with bow collector 160 or other contact line contact devices of motor vehicle 162.

Motor vehicle 162 can be to have to make the electric locomotive of motor vehicle electric current by the loop of rail 164, perhaps illustrated tramcar unit.In another embodiment, two groups of parallel wires 154 and switch-box 156,158 are provided with two contact line contact devices 160, be used in each phase line or electrode wires in direct current or the AC electric train wire system respectively, like this, motor vehicle 162 links to each other with two phase lines or electrode wires.In this embodiment, motor vehicle 162 can be to use the motor vehicle of rubber tyre, such as moved electric bus for many years in San Francisco.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, can Closing Switch 168,166 enter into deice mode, perhaps the two disconnection be entered into common operational mode.Closing Switch 168,166 makes the electric current that flows in the lead 154,152,150, for example by the electric current of motor vehicle 162 drainages successively but not flow through whole three leads 154,152,150 concurrently, at the further part of system thus increased current density and made the lead heating.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, contact wire 154 can but nonessentially make by the material that is different from other or noncontact lead 152,150.For example, contact wire can adopt high strength, bronze, brass, copper covered steel, stainless steel or aluminium Baogang that resistance value is suitable to make, and lead 150,152 in parallel is made by the copper or the aluminium of low-resistance value.The advantage of this embodiment is that high-intensity contact wire can overcome better owing to contacting the mechanical stress that produces with bow collector or other contact line contact devices 160.In addition, can avoid the destruction of closing with weight loading and wind facies though noncontact lead 152,150 is carried out deicing, the icing in the contact wire 154 may disturb from contact wire 154 to bow collector or the electric power transfer of other contact line contact devices 160.Adopt the contact wire 154 of big resistance, can help guaranteeing in time, apace deicing be carried out in contact wire 154, thereby guarantee the continuous service of the motor vehicle 162 under ice coating state.In this embodiment, Closing Switch 166,168 can be guaranteed the operation that continues to contact wire 154 deicing at short notice, and when icing can cause weight loading or wind-force to destroy, closed repeatedly or for a long time Closing Switch 166,168 can carry out deicing to noncontact lead 152,150.

In some embodiment of electric car system shown in Figure 2, noncontact lead 150,152 is connected with contact wire 154 respectively, and perhaps adjacent lead 150,152,154 is spaced apart layer and separates; In another embodiment as shown in Figure 3, contact wire 154 can be formed the sleeve pipe that comprises insulating material and noncontact lead 150,152.

The difference of the system in the patent of this system 100 and Couture is: the electric current in the lead 104 of cable 102 flows in opposite direction; System in the patent of Couture at every turn can only be to one or some conducting wire deicings, and can be simultaneously in system 100 to whole three conducting wire deicings of one section cable; For the compartment leader cable, the system in the patent of Couture needs the icing of the deicing operation of several successive with whole leads of removing cable.The difference of the system in the patent of system 100 and Couture also is the quantity and the position of switch.In the system in the patent of Couture, certain point between the two ends of every section cable is provided with one group of switch, and in system 100, all is provided with switch at the two ends of every section cable.For the situation that adopts three-core cable in transmission line, the system in the patent of Couture needs 3 switches, and 2 switches of 100 needs of system.Another difference of the two is, when if all system switchings can not be positioned at make position, electric current will be interrupted, thereby electric power transfer also will be interrupted, and for system 100, even stop work or during the destruction that for example produced by lightning causes whole switch closure, also can provide lasting electric current because of system when may taking place.Similarly, system 100 also is different from the system in the patent of Shimada, and reason is that system 100 does not form the loop, thereby need not to provide extra electric current to the loop.

Another embodiment 200 of the system of removing icing or preventing icing in being used for as shown in Figure 4, every cable 202 has five leads but not three.In this embodiment, each switch enclosure 204,210 has 206,207,209 and actuation control devices 208 of two linked switches.In this embodiment, Closing Switch 206,207,209 can make the effective resistance of cable 202 increase by 25 times; Therefore cable 102 self-heatings that increase can be used for melting icing and stop icing once more.In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, two in five leads along the reverse transfer electric current, and other three leads are along the forward transmitted electric current.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the effective length of whole leads of one section cable 102 has increased by 5 times.Because of increasing the phase shift that causes, length can not produce significantly influence to the power circuit in the transmission line that in electrical network, moves, reason is, owing to had only several miles length by the cut cable of deicing, and the wavelength of the power line alternating current of 60Hz is roughly 3,000 miles, so can not cause tangible phase shift.In addition, owing to operate the length (and conductor resistance) that the switch of whole three-phases can increase whole triple lines simultaneously simultaneously, between the different phase conductors of transmission line, can not produce tangible phase shift because of the deicing operation.

Aforesaid resistance with power consumption increase suppose that the resistance of every lead of cable is identical in an embodiment, for example for adopting the open-air wall situation of leader cable at interval.In other embodiment, individual conductors may have different resistance in cable, the resistivity that is drawn simultaneously will be with practical conductor resistance difference.

If during cable conduction low current, it is acceptable that cable 102 self-heatings increase by 25 times, if but cable is tied to big electric current operation and/or several leads and is spaced apart layer together and not and separates, and this heating increases just may be excessive.Switch configuration shown in can other mode application drawing 4 as shown in Figure 5 increases to obtain other effective power consumptions.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, Closing Switch 206,209 and enter deice mode, this moment, switch 207 was kept off-state.In this embodiment, suppose that every conductor resistance is identical, so the growth of the effective resistance of each cut cable 5 times.

Equally, in embodiment shown in Figure 6 215, switch 206,207 closures and switch 209 disconnects.In this embodiment, the resistance of supposing every lead is R, and the effective resistance of cut cable is increased to 3R from 1/5R so, increase in resistance 15 times.

Have 6 or more multiconductor embodiment and can adopt even number root lead.In six core embodiment 220 shown in Figure 7, when Closing Switch 206,222, the effective resistance of cut cable is increased to 3/2R from 1/6R, and increasing multiple is 9.Also can adopt the other system configuration that power is increased; For example, if maintained switch 222 disconnects and Closing Switch 206, resistance increases to 3/4R from 1/6R, has increased by 9/2 times.

Similarly, in another embodiment 250, every cable can have 7 leads, and has 3 or 4 (as shown in Figure 8) switches 252,254,256,258,260,262,264,266 in each switch enclosure 268,270.In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, according to the switching situation of switch for example shown in Figure 1, can set the effective resistance of cable, when switch all disconnected, the effective resistance of cable increased by 49 times.It should be noted that this embodiment has unshowned more selection and pattern among Fig. 1.To a certain extent, the pattern of Closing Switch can also to which lead heat and which lead is cut off the power supply selection in anti-ice operation.In another embodiment, switch 266 and 252 is replaced by lead, and makes the resistance that provides select to reduce minimum.Be called as the interlaminated resistance pattern herein in the minimum resistance of system and the operational mode between the maximum resistance configuration; In table 1, multiple resistance mode is illustrated.In one embodiment, the system controller monitoring stream is crossed the electric current of transmission line, and the needed resistance of definite deicing, selects the pattern that is fit to the electric current in the transmission line from minimum resistance, maximum resistance and interlaminated resistance pattern.In certain embodiments, system controller can be also can send the request that increases the electric current in the transmission line to energy storage system, electricity generation system or Network Operation Centre, thereby provides enough electric currents for deicing.

Switch closure	Resistance increases multiple
		Do not have	1
254，256，262	2.33
		254，256，264，262	3.5
254，256，258	7
		252，254，258，262，264	10.5
254，256，258，260	21
		254，256，258，260，262	35
254，256，258，260，262， 264	49

Table 1

Can use the lead of other quantity among other the embodiment, for example, have among the embodiment of 9 leads and 4 switches at every cable, when switch closure, effective resistance value can increase by 81 times.

In a certain embodiments, the power transmission line system has phase cable 267, and this phase cable 267 has some cut cables, and every section the schematic diagram with shown in Figure 8 is corresponding respectively.In the present embodiment, according to cross-section of cable figure shown in Figure 9, cable 267 has 7 leads that are made of aluminum or copper 253,255,257,259,261,263,265, and these leads are to be bunched on mutually and with the mode of center steel reinforcement 280 thermo-contacts and Mechanical Contact.7 leads shown in these 7 lead corresponding diagram 8.In this embodiment, similar with mode shown in Fig. 1, the phase cable is suspended on the electric tower, and is equipped with system controller 124.

In this embodiment, 124 pairs of electric currents that flow through power line cable of controller are monitored.When having detected icing, controller 124 is determined the resistance added value, so that provide enough cable 267 caloric values for cable being carried out deicing, and avoids the destruction to cable 267.This controller is automatically determined the closed configuration of the switch 253,255,257,259,261,263,265 in the switch enclosure 268,270 then, and this configuration is delivered to switch enclosure 268,270, make system enter into the pattern of the particular segment of cable 267 being carried out deicing.After the deicing of the particular segment of this cable 267 was finished, switch disconnected to recover normal operation.

When following situation takes place when, promptly, detect icing and determine and to carry out deicing, but cable 267 electric current transmitted are too small, even even the switch 253,255,257,259,261,263,265 of switch enclosure 268,270 is in maximum resistance when configuration, can not be for deicing provide enough heats, controller 124 can send the request that reconfigures electrical network to network management system, thereby carries enough electric power so that cable 267 is carried out deicing by cable 267.For the transmission line that energy-storage system is connected to electrical network, may need energy-storage system or storage or discharge enough energy in the circuit to carry out deicing.

The spontaneous heat of the resistance of transmission line be proportional to by the electric current I of transmission line square with the product (I of line resistance R ²* R).The calculating that resistance in the table 1 increases is identical based on the resistance value of every lead in the hypothesis cable.Because the electric current in the transmission line is quite low sometimes, so can adopt the different transmission line system of conductor resistance, to compare with the system that adopts the constant resistance lead, such configuration can significantly improve maximum resistance.For example, in variant embodiment shown in Figure 8, the resistance of lead 263 and lead 265 is 10 times of resistance of other or low resistance lead 253,255,257,259,261.When normal operation, lead 263,265 is carried little electric current, and effective resistance R is slightly less than 1/5 of every resistance in the low resistance lead 253,255,257,259,261.If only by cut-off switch 252 and switch 256 7 whole leads are mixed with series connection, effective resistance can increase to 125R; If cut-off switch 258 and switch 260, effective resistance increases to median 70R.The increase of various median resistance also can be selected for controller 124, and can promptly obtain calculating.

In yet another embodiment, the resistance of lead 263 is 10 times of other low resistance leads 253,255,257,259,261, and the resistance of lead 263 is 30 times of other low resistance leads 253,255,257,259,261.In this embodiment, effective resistance can increase to median 70R, and cocoa increases to maximum 225R.In these embodiments, control system 124 is chosen as the suitable switch configuration that deicing provides enough heats based on obtainable current value in transmission line.This kind configuration is passed to switch enclosure 268,270 then, and the two is provided with switch separately in view of the above.Controller continues the electric current in the monitoring transmission line, in addition, if both change into can be for deicing provides suitable heat to electric current, avoids causing overheated to the destruction of transmission line again, and controller can also reconfigure the switch of switch enclosure 268,270 so.Controller 124 can be an independent control, also can with switch enclosure 268,270 one.

In one embodiment, power line cable 267 is used for transporting the electric power that solar power system or wind power generation system send, and above-mentioned electricity generation system has the energy storage subsystem.In this embodiment, if be about to enter into deice mode, but the electric current that transmission line transmits is too small or when being zero, controller 124 can send request to the energy storage subsystem, ask its release portion storage electric energy to transmission line to provide the circuit deicing required electric current.

May have extra electric wire in other the cable of embodiment, be the N wire illustrative, and every wire insulate each other.Every lead in the embodiment that is similar to embodiment shown in Figure 8 is by one or more assemble in the N wire.In one embodiment, have M root active wires for switch enclosure, and have N to thoroughly do away with the edge electric wire in the cable, M is less than or equal to N.The quantity of electric wire may be different because of lead in every lead, and the number of electrical lines in the lead of big resistance may be less than the number of electrical lines in the lead of less resistive.

The working voltage of local distributing electric power transmission line is usually between 3,500 volts to 25,000 volts, and many " high pressure " three-phase transmits the working voltage of electric line usually between 60,000 volts to 1,200,000 volt.Adopt the embodiment of traditional structure may be only applicable to local distributing electric power transmission line, and be applicable to that the structure of ultra-high-tension power transmission line operation has more challenge.

In an embodiment (Figure 10) who is particularly useful for ultra-high-tension power transmission line, because the working voltage of all elements of switch enclosure 204,116,118 is near the voltage of power line cables 102,202, so switch enclosure 204,116,118 attaches on cable 202,102 ends of insulator 112, and be draped jointly with cable.In such an embodiment, it is unpractical with the 115V AC power of standard switch enclosure 204,116,118 being powered.Thereby switch enclosure 204,116,118,300 is by powering by memory 302 such as the interior of ultracapacitor or battery.

In the embodiment of majority, through a kind of to energy accumulator 302 charging from following device of charger 310, described device comprises the low capacity electric capacity 308 of the inductance sensor 304, solar panels 306 or the ground connection that are centered on by one or more lead of cable 102,202.302 pairs of control signal receiver 312 energy supplies of energy accumulator, and receiver 312 element of unique power consumption in the switch enclosure 300 normally.

When control signal receiver 312 receives " deicing " order of the correct coding that system controller 124 sends, receiver 312 drives the motor switch driver 314 of closed high current switching or switch 316, wherein, the high frequency carrier of " deicing " that system controller 124 can be sent order by stack on cable 102,202 is with the electric power that is transmitted, or utilize the mode of optical fiber, or be sent to receiver 312 by radio signal slave controller 124 with light signal.Switch driver 314 may comprise solenoid, electromagnet or motor, and may comprise the spring switching device that other being used for opens and closes electrodynamic transducer spare as known in the art apace.In another embodiment, switch 316 is electronic switch devices.And have the electronic switch in parallel In yet another embodiment with electromechanical switch.

In one embodiment, driver 314 is done in order to overcome the elastic force that control switch 316 disconnects of keeping of spring 318.

In the summer of sweltering heat, when the transmission line running at full capacity, because of carelessness Closing Switch 316 not only can cause the heating of extra power loss and electric wire, the electric wire that also can cause being enough to threatening surface personnel or property is sagging, even can produce cable 102 and destroy; Driver 314 is not resisted against Drawing switch 316 closures on the casing of switch enclosure 300 by 320 effects of the fuse that links to each other with wire clamp 322, wherein, wire clamp 322 is attached on the lead of for example lead 104 of cable 102, and shorter apart from the distance of switch enclosure 300.Fuse 320 is near lead 104, and it is made by low-melting-point metal or plastics, like this, reaches before the temperature that can cause lead excessive sag or destruction cable 102 at lead 104, and fuse 320 can fuse, thereby makes spring 118 cut-off switch 116.Therefore, just in case remove icing or prevent that the icing system from shutting down, switch 116 can not enter disconnection (low resistance) state.

The advantage of another embodiment as shown in figure 11 is, can adopt commercial contactor and/or the solid-state relay switch element as switch enclosure, wherein, and the electric current that switch element may interference stability.In this embodiment, control signal receiver 312 is switched cable 102,202 by electric excitation contactor module 340 is activated between low resistance and the high resistance state usually.Contactor module 340 can comprise electro-mechanical mixed switching device, solid-state relay or the two has concurrently, wherein, can use the reason of solid-state relay to be the working voltage of the maximum voltage of switch ends much smaller than transmission line.The advantage of when using solid-state relay electro-mechanical mixed switch being carried out suitably time control is, electro-mechanical mixed switching device provides low switching-on resistance for the transmission line electric current, and this electric current may be hundred amperage magnitudes, reduced the self-heating of solid-state relay simultaneously, in addition, by solid-state relay is disconnected prior to electro-mechanical mixed switching device, and it is closed and closed to be later than electro-mechanical mixed switching device, can suppress any contact arc of following the switching of electro-mechanical mixed switching device and producing.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 11, contactor module 340 is connected with safety switch 342 in parallel, and wherein, as long as fuse 320 is during because of lead 346 overheated fusing that are fixed with wire clamp 322, safety switch 342 will be by spring 344 disconnections.When lead 346 reaches a high temperature, can make control signal receiver 312 and switch 340 overrides so effectively.This can prevent the excessive sag of cable 102,202 when switch enclosure lost efficacy or cross pyrolytic damage, but like this can be to increasing subsequently icing to cable 102,202 hurtful risks, if especially to the not place under repair of disable switch box.

In another embodiment, the temperature that control signal receiver 312 monitor temperature transducers 324 record, when the temperature that records shows that deicing has been finished but when being lower than the required temperature of fusing fuse 320, control signal receiver 312 disconnects switch 340 to recover the state in parallel of whole leads.In one embodiment, temperature or state transmitter 326 send Yin Gaowen and the indication of cut-off switch 340 to system controller 124, thus the switch enclosure of the lead other end also all lead return to state in parallel.Preferably fuse 320 is placed on the lead that flows through the electric current maximum when the switch enclosure of cut cable is in inconsistent state, so-called inconsistent state refers to switch 340 closures of a switch enclosure, and the switch 340 of another switch enclosure disconnects.

In order to provide feedback, and promote repairing to the disable switch box to system controller 124, with 347 1 kinds of states of sensing switch of safety switch 342 interlocks for detecting the inefficacy of fuse 320, and this information is sent to system controller 124 by transmitter 326.

Control for auxiliary system, can be on wire clamp 322 attached temperature sensor 324 (Figure 10 and Figure 11), for example shown to the temperature registration that system controller 124 sends when the deicing of cut cable is finished by temperature transmitter 326, because the temperature of the lead 104 of cable 102 is apparently higher than the setting temperature of water.

Perhaps, remove icing or preventing icing when operation, can utilize transducer 324 cable temperature for example to be maintained+10 ℃ preset value.If adopt way like this, cut-off switch when temperature reaches preset value, and when temperature is lower than this value Closing Switch.Reduced so effectively and be used to the total power consumption removing icing or prevent icing, can prevent that cable is overheated simultaneously.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 12, the cable 400 of transmission line may reach miles up to a hundred, and can pass through multiple landform band and climate zone, and every cable 400 is divided into the long cut cable from 1/10 mile to 10 miles, for example cut cable 402 and cut cable 404.Every joint cut cable has first switch enclosure 406,410,414 and second switch box 408,412,416.In order to prevent that the too high voltages on the transmission line from falling, when decision need be carried out deicing to cable 102, the switch enclosure 406,408 of first cut cable 402 was energized and with switch closure.After cut cable was carried out deicing, the switch of first cut cable disconnected, and the switch enclosure 410,412 of second cut cable is activated and with switch closure, carries out deicing by that analogy in turn, the deicing of the cut cable of all icing operation in finishing cable 400.Similarly, cable 400 segmentations are allowed to carry out deicing to being in each cut cable that maybe will be in the ice storm environment in the cable 400, allow the continuation of the cut cable under other weather conditions normally to move simultaneously.

Can reduce voltage drop by successively the cut cable of transmission line being carried out deicing, thereby help to keep the stability of electrical network and the voltage drop of the transmission line avoiding to be perceived by the user.

Figure 13 shows the cable of the switch that is applicable to each switch enclosure in the cable deicing of the present invention system, the cross section of three-core cable specifically.The every lead 504 that can attach to cable by the triangle wall 502 that plastics, pottery or the intermetallic rubber insulator of insulation are made.Can by lid is molded, be bonded on the foundation of cable and insulator, and lid is fixed on the insulator basis part with screw, or other at the known additive method of spaced conductors field of cables wall 502 is attached to lead 504.Every lead 504 can be to be enclosed within conduction copper or the aluminum shell that can select on the support steel core 506, or is assembled by the support core that conductive copper twisted wire or aluminium stranded conductor are wound on the multiply steel strand wire.Wall 502 is configured to have constant spacing along cable, and this spacing is selecteed enough little of to prevent directly electrically contacting between the cable conductor.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 14, four leads 602 are spaced apart layer 604 and are provided with around center conductor 606, and these 5 leads have essentially identical ampacity.A lead 606 in the present embodiment or whole 5 leads 602,606 can have steel core 608 so that provide required intensity for the long span lead between electric tower.Because whole 5 leads 602 all can conduction current when deicing, so even these 5 leads each other not thermo-contact also can all carry out deicing.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 15, cable 700 is used as cable 102 or cable 202 and uses, and is assembled around the enhancing core 708 that can be stranded steel wire by 3 (illustrating), 5,7 or 9 leads 702,704,706.Lead 702,704,706 can be twisted copper wires or aluminum steel, and is heat insulation each other and be coated with extruding plastic insulating barrier 710.

With reference to Figure 13,14 and 15, predict and need not to adopt solid lead 504,602,606,702,704,706 and supporting steel core 506,608,708; In most embodiment, what above-mentioned lead and steel core adopted is the twisted wire structure that has now in the transmission circuit cable, to guarantee pliability and to be easy to installation property.These leads and steel core can be merged into one,, become the lead with many independent conductor steel strand wire strand that is, such as what become strand

(copper covered steel) electric wire.The less insulated wire that may have in addition, the greater number that is gathered into lead described here among the embodiment; For example, according to the present invention, in order to realize the purpose of deicing, the cable of transmission line has 6 wires, and it is divided into 3 groups, and 2 every group, wherein, to narrate as mentioned, every pair of electric wire is used as deicing and uses with lead.

Principle described here is applicable to DC power transmission line too.Though can not can adopt other switch enclosure power set that include but not limited to solar cell and battery pack by the induction by current in the transmission line or by the next switch enclosure energy supply of high-voltage capacitor to DC power transmission line.

System described here uses the control signal that sends to switch enclosure 300 from system controller 124.Hope to be to encrypt and the form transmission of control signals of coding, prevents the unexpected closure of switch of switch enclosure or the unauthorized personnel destruction to system.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, the configuration of another kind of switch can be played similar effect.In the present embodiment of cable 800, the odd number root lead 810,812,814,816,818 that cable 802 has greater than 3 is arranged between two switch enclosures 804,805.When normal operation, the switch 806 of series connection and switch 807 are parallel-connected to lead 812,814,816 and 818 on lead 810 and the input 820, and are connected on the output switch enclosure 805, and corresponding switch is disconnected on it.When switch enclosure Control Driver 808 Closing Switch 806 and switch 807, electric current is forced to whole excessively five leads 810,812,814,816,818 of Continuous Flow, thereby causes the self-heating of these leads.This configuration has the effect that reduces arbitrary switch ends voltage, and cost is to have increased the electric current in first switch (for example switch 806) in the series circuit.

As disclosed in the PCT/US2004/27408 document, in the deicing system of as shown in figure 17 transmission line, each conducts on cable 900 in the common three-phase electricity, and simultaneously, every cable is divided into two leads 904,906.The switch 908 that is arranged on cut cable 910 ends switches between normal operation mode and deice mode, wherein, under normal operation mode, two lead 904,906 parallel connections, and under deice mode, electric current only flows along the lead in two leads 904,906 906; The size of employed lead 906 is determined to be the resistance that makes cable and reaches greatly and be enough to produce enough self-heatings and come for cable deicing and prevent icing once more when deicing, the energy loss the when size that is in the lead 904 of 6 parallel connections when normal operation then is determined to be the low resistance that provides suitable and reduces normal operation.Cut cable 910 away from the end before switch 908 and the switch 914 at next cut cable 916, two leads 904,906 are by short-circuit line 912 electric short circuits together.Except short-circuit line 912 is sentenced, lead 904,906 all is insulated layer 918 and separates.In the disclosed technical scheme of PCT/US2004/27408 document, first lead 904 that carries out deicing is skins of the cable that contacts with the icing physics that will be removed, and the second common lead 906 is cores of cable, and it can comprise any core of cable.

The common every lead of ultra-high-tension power transmission line cable that comprises modified model cable 1000 (seeing Figure 18) is made round an enhancing core by the many twisted wires 1002 as aluminium or copper stranded conductor, this enhancing core has the twisted wire of being made by the material of the bigger for example steel of intensity and resistance 1004, steel helps supporting cable, thus allow electric tower or electric pole gap ratio other may modes bigger.In modified model cable 1000, also increased insulating barrier 1006, be used for preventing strengthening electrically contacting between core twisted wire 1004 and the conduction twisted wire 1002.

A kind of modified model deicing system 1100 that is used for power line cable as shown in Figure 19, its cable 1102 has steel core 1104, insulating barrier 1106 and conductive layer 1108, and insulating barrier 1106 prevents that steel core 1104 from contacting with conductive layer 1108; Steel core 1104 and conductive layer 1108 are made of rope-lay strand usually.Extra play such as external insulation layer and weather proof layer can be set.Cable 1102 is divided into cut cable 1110, and an end of cut cable 1110 is provided with switch enclosure 1114, and the other end then is provided with the short circuit wiring 1116 between steel core 1104 and the conductive layer 1108.

When normal operation, the electrical connection that the conductive layer of each section of switch enclosure 1114 maintenance cables 1102 is 1108.Under this normal operation mode, the most electric currents that transmitted in the cable 1102 are through conductive layer 1108 conduction.For the cut cable 1110 to cable 1102 carries out deicing, the controller 1118 of the switch enclosure 1114 relevant with the cut cable 1110 of cable 1102 is with switch 1120 closures, thereby reduce or cut off electric current in the conductive layer 1108, simultaneously, because cable is the part of the transmission line that continues to transmit electric power, so correspondingly can increase electric current in the steel core 1104 of this cut cable 1110.

In another embodiment as shown in figure 23 with reference to Figure 15 and Fig. 1, conductive layer comprises some leads 702,704,706 as shown in Figure 15, each lead be similar to the switch enclosure shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 4 and be connected.In the end of every section cable, strengthen core 708 and be connected electrically between switch enclosure 1401 and the switch enclosure 1403.When switch 1402,1404 was closed, the effective resistance of cable increased to some extent when the effective resistance of conductive layer 702,704,706 disconnected with respect to switch, thereby more but non-whole electric current is turned to and flow through enhancing steel core 1104,708.

In one embodiment, switch enclosure 1114 includes inductor 1122.When switch 1120 closures, this inductor is connected with outer conducting layer 1108 electricity of the cut cable 1110 of low-resistance value, and the inductance 1122 of this series connection and conductive layer 1108 are in parallel with interior steel core 1104 electricity of this cut cable; Like this, steel core 1104 in the part in the inductance 1102 but non-whole electric current diverted flow are crossed; The current value of steel core 1104 in flowing through when the current value of steel core 1104 is much larger than the normal operating condition that disconnects at switch 1120 in flowing through this moment.

Switch enclosure 1114 has power supply device and the high temperature crossover device that is described with reference to Figure 10 and Figure 11 as previous.

In another embodiment as shown in figure 20, in the switch enclosure 1200 that is suitable for place of switches box 1114, switch 1120 is not set.In this embodiment, switch enclosure 1200 has power input lead 1202, this power input lead 1202 all is connected with interior steel core 1104 with the outer conducting layer 1108 of last cut cable, also connects with the electric power output lead 1204 that is used for being connected with the interior steel core 1104 of cut cable 1110; In certain embodiments, above-mentioned connection can comprise the exposed steel core 1104 in part of cable.

Also has solenoid 1206 among the embodiment as shown in figure 20, this solenoid 1206 has a few circle high current-carrying capacity electric wires, and be connected to power input lead 1202 and be used for the second power output lead 1208 that the outer conducting layer 1108 of cut cable 1110 is connected between.Switch enclosure 1200 has energy storage device 1212, and this energy storage device 1212 has the previous charging device that is described with reference to Figure 10 and Figure 11, and control signal receiver 1214.When control signal receiver 1214 receives when cut cable 1110 carried out the instruction of deicing the non-magnetoelectricity cable 1218 of control signal receiver 1214 drive motor driver, 1216 pullings.Non-magnetoelectricity cable 1218 is walked around pulley 1220 and is arrived magnetic core element 1222, and the driving of motor driver 1216 is drawn in solenoid 1206 with iron-core element 1222.When iron-core element 1222 during by pull-in winding 1206, the inductance of coil 1206 increases, thereby the part electric current diverted flow in the cable 1102 is crossed steel core 1104 in the resistance.

Pulley 1220 is installed on the box body of switch enclosure 1200 by clamp 1224, simultaneously, also being connected with its intensity is enough to overcome the spring 1226 that makes iron-core element 1222 enter the solenoid gravitation of solenoid 1206, is used for iron-core element 1222 is pulled out from solenoid 1206.When the control signal receiver 1214 of switch enclosure 1200 received the instruction that stops cut cable 1110 deicing, control signal receiver 1214 order motor drivers 1216 loosened non-magnetoelectricity cable 1218.This will make spring 1226 iron-core element 1222 can be pulled out from solenoid 1206, thereby make cut cable 1110 get back to normal operation mode.

When previously mentioned fuse with reference to the fuse 320 that Figure 11 discussed for example because of cut cable 1110 is overheated fusing took place, safe actuator lever 1230 was drawn in the switch enclosure 1200 by spring 1232.The actuator lever 1230 triggering clamps 1224 that are pulled in the switch enclosure 1200 unclamp pulley 1220, and this can make switch 1226 iron-core element 1222 can be pulled out from solenoid 1206, thereby makes cut cable 1110 return to the Low ESR running status; So just reduced the self-heating that strengthens the electric current in the core 1104 and reduced cable 1102 effectively.

In the embodiment of switch enclosure shown in Figure 20, switch enclosure includes the circuit of transducer for example shown in Figure 11 324 and temperature/state transmitter 326, like this, system controller 124 (see figure 1)s can determine when finishes deicing, therefore, system controller 124 returns to normal operating condition with command switch box 1200 and begins the deicing operation (if necessary) of next cut cable.In one embodiment, control signal receiver 1214 also can be monitored transducer 324, and attempts to be lower than fuse 320 fusing in temperature and make switch enclosure 1200 return to normal operating condition by extracting iron-core element 1222 out when temperature required.

Be similar among the embodiment shown in Figure 20 at another, as shown in figure 21, utilize the double joint iron core to replace single movable core 1222.In this embodiment, the first L shaped iron core portion 1240 is fixed on the switch enclosure.The second L shaped iron core portion 1242 is arranged to it and can extracts out from solenoid 1232 and arrive primary importance 1242 as shown in figure 21, so that the Low ESR setting to be provided, perhaps be pulled into solenoid 1232 and arrive the second place 1244 that is illustrated by the broken lines among Figure 21, so that the high impedance setting to be provided.In this embodiment, when the second iron core portion 1242 was positioned at the high impedance position, the first and second L shaped shape iron core portions 1242,1240 formed flux circuits.

Embodiment shown in Figure 19 and 20 formerly moves down with reference to the control of the system controller 124 that Fig. 1 discussed; In one embodiment, some cut cables are with reference to Figure 19 and 20 described cut cables, and other cut cables are with reference to Fig. 1 and 4 described cut cables.

Embodiment shown in Figure 22 also is the system 1300 that is used for the transmission line cable deicing, in this embodiment, by part cable electric power is heated cable 1302 through steel-support twisted wire 1308 shuntings of step-up transformer (coil 1304 and coil 1306) and cable 1302.In this embodiment, steel strand wire 1308 insulated bodys 1310 center on, afterwards again by stranded aluminium or copper conductive layer 1312.Switch enclosure 1313 has the switch 1314 of closure when normal operation and the switch 1316 that disconnects, and flows through conductive layer 1312 swimmingly to allow electric current.Switch enclosure 1313 also has energy storage device 1322 and command receiver 1324, and the two is similar to reference to described energy storage device 302 of Figure 11 and command receiver 312, and has the charging circuit of equivalence; The same with other embodiment, command receiver 1324 communicates with system controller 124.

When needs carried out deicing to cable 1302, command receiver 1324 was accepted instruction and cut-off switch 1314, at first set up the current path by steel-support twisted wire 1308; Then, command receiver 1324 Closing Switch 1316 are to provide sizable electric current to transformer 1306.Transformer secondary output coil 1304 is therefore to 1308 power supplies of supporting twisted wire.Transformer 1306 only has several circles, and transformer core 1318 made by saturable magnetic materials, and like this, having only seldom in the cable in the existing power, amount is fed into supporting twisted wire 1308; For example every meter cable is 100 to 300W situation, at 600kV, to carry electric current be in 100 amperes the transmission line, with regard to every meter cable 300W, need 150kW that whole three cables of every mile circuit are heated, this can be controlled at the voltage drop of primary coil 1306 lower scope simultaneously less than 10 of the total electricity that flows through transmission line.

The same with other embodiment, embodiment shown in Figure 22 has the device (not shown in Figure 22) of detection streamer superheat state, for example fuse and temperature sensor.When the device that is used for the detection streamer superheat state detected cable and is in overheating conditions, switch 1316 or auxiliary switch (not shown) were disconnected to reduce the electric current in the cable core 1308 by bypass transformer 1306; Bypass primary coil 1306 can greatly reduce the electric current in the cable core 1308 and the resistance heating of cable 1302 under normal operation mode.

The switch enclosure of all embodiment described here, whether the switch enclosure as shown in Figure 10,11,21 and 22 for example is in superheat state by temperature sensor 324 detection streamers and switch enclosure, and is lower than the fuse failure of fuse 320 for example in temperature and attempts to return to normal operating condition from the deicing running status when temperature required.Just in case system controller 124 occurs, the situation that electric switch brake 314, motor switch 340,1120,1316, motor driver 1216, temperature sensor 324 or other elements enter deice mode mistakenly, the low resistance operation that the mechanical sense that is provided by fuse 320 and relevant apparatus should and recover circuit has realized that a kind of stand-by machine crosses over, thereby makes the pyrolytic damage of crossing that has prevented transmission line and cable thereof.

Although above specific embodiment is specifically described, what person of skill in the art will appreciate that is to carry out the change on form and the details in the scope that does not break away from spirit of the present invention.Be appreciated that in the scope of the notion widely that disclose and that understand according to claims herein that does not break away from, can describe the adaptability of different embodiment and make various changes.

Claims (24)

1. one kind is used to carry out the deicing of direct current and transmission line of alternation current and resists the ice operated system, comprising:

Be used for carrying out at described transmission line at least one section cable of electric power transfer, it comprises at least first, second and privates; Wherein, described first, second and privates be along the mutual electric insulation of whole length direction of described cut cable, but be connected in the end of described cut cable, to form by at least three formed continuous S-shaped paths of series conductor; And

Be positioned at least the first switch of the first end of described cut cable, and the second switch at least that is positioned at the second end of described cut cable, described first and second switches can be operated so that described first, second and privates are connected in parallel, and make described first, second and privates tandem working under deice mode.

2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the electric power transfer of being undertaken by described cut cable is connected to described first lead at the described first switch place, and the place is connected to described privates at described second switch.

3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least one switch further comprises switching device and on-off controller, wherein, described switching device and on-off controller and ground electric insulation, and described switch is controlled by the control signal that the deicing system controller that is positioned at another place sends.

4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described cut cable further comprises the 4th and the 5th lead, wherein, described first end at described cut cable is provided with the 3rd switch, be used for the described the 4th and the 5th lead is connected to described first lead, the second end at described cut cable is provided with the 4th switch, be used for described third and fourth lead is connected to described the 5th lead, wherein said third and fourth lead is electrically connected near described the 4th switch, and the described the 4th and the 5th lead is electrically connected near described the 3rd switch.

5. system as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the electric power transfer of being undertaken by described cut cable is connected to described first lead at the described first switch place, is connected to described the 5th lead at described second switch place.

6. system as claimed in claim 4 further comprises controller, is used for monitoring the electric current of described transmission line and judges when need deicing, and the switch configuration that is identified for the deicing operation based on the described electric current in the described transmission line.

7. system as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the resistance of a lead of selecting from described second lead, described privates, described privates and described the 5th lead is much larger than the resistance of described first lead.

8. system as claimed in claim 4, wherein, at least one switch further comprises switching device and controller, wherein, described switching device and controller and ground electric insulation, and described switch is by the control signal control from system controller, and described system controller is positioned at the position away from described at least one switch.

9. one kind is used to carry out the removing ice of power transmission line operated system, comprising:

At least one cable, it has at least two cut cables, and wherein each cut cable comprises:

At least first, second and privates, wherein, described first, second and the mutual electric insulation of privates;

First switch, its be used for described second and privates be connected to described first lead at the first end of described cable, described second and privates near described first switch, be electrically connected;

Second switch, it is used for described first and second leads are connected to described privates at the second end of described cable, and described first and second leads are electrically connected near described second switch; And

Wherein, the described privates of described first cut cable is connected with described first lead of described second cut cable; And

System controller, it is used for first and second switches of simultaneously closed each cut cable, so that increase the resistance of described at least one cable by described first, second connected with privates, carry out the deicing operation of this cut cable with this, wherein, the switch that described system controller can the closing in sequence cut cable.

10. the system as claimed in claim 1 comprises that further at least one lead that is used to detect described cable be whether overheated and is detecting when overheated described first, second and the privates parallel connection device with the resistance that reduces described cable.

11. a switch-box is used for the cable of transmission line is switched between parallel connection configuration and configured in series state, described switch-box comprises:

Energy storage device, it is used for described switch-box power supply;

Be used for device that described energy storage device is charged;

Control signal receiver, it is used to receive the handover operation instruction, and described control signal receiver is powered by described energy storage device;

At least one switch, it is used to determine the electric current that flows through at least one lead of described cable, described switch is subjected to electricity and drives under the control of described control signal receiver; And

The device that is used for when the lead that detects described cable has high temperature, making described control signal receiver override and described cable conductor is placed configuration in parallel.

12. a system that is used for the cable of transmission line is carried out deicing, described cable comprises N root lead, and wherein, N is the odd number greater than 1, arbitrary lead and remaining lead electric insulation in the N root lead, and described system comprises:

First and first switch enclosure, wherein, described first switch enclosure is connected to the first end of described cable, and described second switch box is connected to the second end of described cable;

Wherein, each switch enclosure has (N-1)/2 switch at least;

Wherein, under first pattern, the described switch of described switch enclosure is with whole N root lead parallel connection of described cable, and under second pattern, the described switch of described switch enclosure connects whole N root leads with the increase cable resistance, thereby carries out the deicing operation; And

System controller, it places described first pattern with described switch enclosure so that normally move, and places described second pattern so that described cable is carried out deicing described switch enclosure.

13. one kind is used for the cable of transmission line is carried out the deicing operated system, described cable comprises that resistance strengthens core and at least one lead, described enhancing core and described at least one lead electric insulation, and described system further comprises:

Switch enclosure, it is used for making under first operational mode enough electric currents to turn to and flow through that described resistance strengthens core so that described cable is carried out the deicing operation from described lead, and wherein, the major part in the described electric current flows through described conductor wire under second operational mode.

14. system as claimed in claim 13, wherein, under described first operational mode, described switch enclosure is connected inductance with described lead electricity, and described enhancing core is in parallel with described inductance of connecting and lead electricity.

15. system as claimed in claim 14, wherein, under described first operational mode, described switch enclosure makes inductance connect with described lead electricity by core material being inserted solenoid, wherein, under described second operational mode, described core material is removed from described solenoid.

16. system as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described switch enclosure also comprises: be used for carrying out device for switching between described first and second operational modes, being used to detect the device whether described cable is in the device of superheat state and reduces the electric current of described resistance enhancing core when detecting superheat state according to the instruction of external system controller.

17. system as claimed in claim 16, wherein, described switch enclosure comprises transformer, and described transformer has the secondary coil that is connected to described enhancing core in ice detachment.

18. system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described cable comprises the reinforcement lead, and the resistance of described reinforcement lead and mechanical strength are all greater than the described N root lead of described cable; Wherein,

Described reinforcement lead is along the length of cut cable and other lead electric insulation, but is connected to first lead in the described N root lead in the described first cut cable end, and is connected to the N root lead in the described N root lead in the described second cut cable end; And

Wherein, the switch in the closed described switch enclosure has increased the effective resistance of the described N root lead between the described switch-box, thus more current transfer in described reinforcement lead so that it is carried out deicing.

19. a system that is used for transmission line is carried out deicing comprises:

Be used for carrying out at described transmission line at least one section cable of electric power transfer, it comprises:

At least first, second and privates; Wherein, described first, second and the mutual electric insulation of privates;

Be positioned at least the first switch of the first end of described cut cable, and the second switch that is positioned at the second end of described cut cable, described first and second switches can be operable to and described first, second can be connected with high resistance configuration with low resistance configuration, interlaminated resistance configuration at least with privates; And

System controller, it is used for determining when and needs deicing, and from described interlaminated resistance and high resistance configuration, select a kind of appropriate deicing to dispose, and when needs carry out the deicing operation, described switch is arranged to described deicing and disposes, and when not needing the deicing operation, described switch is arranged to described low resistance configuration.

20. method that is used for the cut cable of power transmission line is carried out deicing, described cable is included in the multiple conducting wires that extends between first switch enclosure and the second switch box, and described cut cable has normal operation mode, under this normal operation mode, described multiple conducting wires electricity is in parallel, and described method comprises:

Detect the icing on the described cut cable;

Switch to described switch enclosure is configured, lead electricity series connection with many cables, thereby described cut cable is placed under the deice mode, and the resistance that is in the described cut cable under the described deice mode is greater than the resistance that is in the described cut cable under the described normal operation mode;

The electric current that permission is flowed in described cut cable carries out resistance heating to described cut cable, so that described cut cable is carried out deicing; And

Reconfigure the described switch of described switch enclosure, make described cut cable return to described normal operation mode.

21. method as claimed in claim 20, wherein, the described switch in the described switch enclosure have first configuration at least corresponding to described normal operation mode, corresponding in second configuration of the described deice mode that has first resistance between the switch enclosure and corresponding to the 3rd configuration of second deice mode that between switch enclosure, has second resistance; Described method further comprises:

The described electric current that flows in described cut cable is monitored, to determine to be suitable for the deice mode of described electric current.

22. method as claimed in claim 21 further comprises, when the undercurrent in the cable during with deicing, transmission information increases the electric current that flows in the described cut cable with request.

23. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein, the resistance difference of the resistance of first lead of described many cables and second lead of described many cables is very big.

24. method as claimed in claim 20, wherein, described power transmission line is configured to motor vehicle is transmitted electric power.

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