CN101552380B - A microstrip array antenna - Google Patents
A microstrip array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN101552380B CN101552380B CN200910083918A CN200910083918A CN101552380B CN 101552380 B CN101552380 B CN 101552380B CN 200910083918 A CN200910083918 A CN 200910083918A CN 200910083918 A CN200910083918 A CN 200910083918A CN 101552380 B CN101552380 B CN 101552380B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microstrip array antenna and relates to an antenna capable of resolving problem of low main lobe gain and difficult side-lobe suppression of ETC array antenna. The microstriparray antenna includes a antenna array composed of more than two antenna array elements, the antenna matrix includes more than two antenna array elements in the same row with each the antenna array e lement connecting with each output terminal port of one multiplex power divider, and between the adjacent antenna array elements, that are in different distance from the central line of the antenna matrix, is connected by cascaded impedance transforming section. The invention is suitable for antennas in ETC system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antenna, relate in particular to a kind of micro-strip array antenna.
Background technology
No-stop charging system (Electronic Toll Collection system; Be called for short the ETC system) can utilize the automatic vehicle identification technology to accomplish roadside device (Roadside Unit; RSU) with board units (On BoardUnit; OBU) two-way communication is carried out the processing of charge data through computer network, realizes the all-electronin charge of not stopping.The non-parking charge technology is particularly suitable under the bridge tunnel environment of highway or heavy traffic, adopting.Implement non-parking charge, can allow vehicle to pass through at a high speed, improve the traffic capacity of highway greatly.
The RSU of no-stop charging system generally is erected on the portal frame of charge station, and the vehicle that OBU is housed passes through charge station with the speed greater than 20 kilometers/hour, and both sides transmit and receive microwave signal through antenna.A RSU is installed in each top, ETC track, and RSU guarantees effective covering of this carriageway surfacing with built-in array antenna.Wherein, the width that the horizontal lobe width decision road of antenna covers, vertical lobe width then determines the length that road covers.Under many ETC track situation,, can cause the false wake-up of OBU even mistake transaction in the driving vehicle on the adjacent lane if the main lobe of the horizontal plane of array antenna or side lobe radiation are to adjacent lane among the RSU of this track.Therefore, for effective covering of guaranteeing this track with avoid adjacent lane is caused interference, need have the array antenna of suitable lobe width and low sidelobe level.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of structure that adopts a plurality of two-way power dividers the non-constant amplitude feed of each array element to be realized micro-strip array antenna is arranged at present.Wherein, 100 is bay, and 200 is the two-way power divider.The electromagnetic coupled isolated component of stain shown in Fig. 1 for increasing between each adjacent transmission lines.This two-way power divider feeding classification principle is simple, under the fewer situation of bay, have simple in structure, the advantage that is easy to realize.The feeder line of traditional feeding network is made up of transmission lines such as microstrip line or co-planar waveguides usually; This transmission line has medium and conductor losses; And loss is directly proportional with the length of feeder line; Therefore under the many situation of array element, adopt a plurality of two-way power dividers certainly will increase this loss, cause the antenna main lobe gain to descend.Except bay, feeder line also can radiation field, and two complicated merits divide feeding network can increase the mutual coupling between adjacent feeders and feeder line and the bay, makes the unusual difficulty of inhibition of sidelobe level.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of micro-strip array antenna, can solve the difficult problem of Sidelobe Suppression of the array antenna of ETC.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of micro-strip array antenna; Comprise the antenna array of forming by two above bays; The same delegation of said antenna array comprises two above bays; Be arranged in bay with delegation, the corresponding connection of each output port of each bay and a multipath power distributor, and and the adjacent antenna array element that do not wait of the distance of the row center line of said antenna array between be connected with the transformer section of cascade.
In the micro-strip array antenna provided by the invention; The corresponding connection of each output port with two above bays with a multipath power distributor of delegation; And and be connected with the transformer section of cascade between the adjacent antenna array element that do not wait of the distance of the row center line of said antenna array; Thereby in the middle of can realizing being positioned at the non-constant amplitude feed of the bay of both sides, and can reach the purpose of raising main lobe gain and suppressed sidelobes level through the impedance ratio of each transformer section in the transformer section of adjustment cascade.Because each of antenna array is capable only with a multipath power distributor, thereby can reduce the volume of antenna array.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of present existing a kind of micro-strip array antenna;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of No. four power dividers;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a kind of micro-strip array antenna of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the another kind of micro-strip array antenna of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the sketch map of the bay that uses in the embodiments of the invention micro-strip array antenna;
Fig. 6 is the standing wave curve synoptic diagram of embodiments of the invention micro-strip array antenna;
Fig. 7 is the lobe directions sketch map of embodiments of the invention micro-strip array antenna.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing a kind of micro-strip array antenna of the embodiment of the invention is described in detail.
Should be clear and definite, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not making all other embodiment that obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
A kind of micro-strip array antenna of embodiments of the invention; Comprise the antenna array of forming by two above bays; The same delegation of said antenna array comprises two above bays; Be arranged in bay with delegation, the corresponding connection of each output port of each bay and a multipath power distributor, and and the adjacent antenna array element that do not wait of the distance of the row center line of said antenna array between be connected with the transformer section of cascade.
Multipath power distributor can be said with reference to figure 2, is made up of microstrip line, and comprising input port B is arranged, output port C, A are distributing point.Shown in Figure 2 is one No. four power divider, thereby four output ports are arranged.No. four power dividers for adopting in the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 2; Realize the present invention; The multipath power distributor that can correspondingly with the columns of antenna array adopt any greater than two-way for example, can be No. five power dividers or No. six power dividers etc.
As shown in Figure 3, if this antenna array is the matrix of N * 4, explain that then each row has 4 bays 100 in this antenna array, with the corresponding connection of four output ports of each bay 100 in the delegation with one No. four power divider 300.In like manner, if the matrix of N * M then will couple together with each bay 100 in the delegation through a M road power divider, and need N M road power divider altogether.
For array antenna shown in Figure 1; Make the main lobe wave beam of array antenna can cover this track; Do not diffuse into adjacent lane again, the array number of array antenna is wanted eight at least, needs to use a plurality of two-way power dividers could the electric current of distributing point be delivered to each antenna radiation unit.Because per two bays just need to use a two-way power divider feed, thereby array antenna shown in Figure 1 needs 15 two-way power dividers altogether.Thereby the feed structure of such array antenna is very complicated, and antenna volume is huge, is unfavorable for the miniaturization of system configuration.
Because embodiments of the invention adopt a multipath power distributor to connect by above bay with two of delegation; Can reduce the number of power divider; If the matrix of N * 4 then only needs N No. four power dividers, thereby reduce the volume of antenna array.
And be connected with the transformer section of cascade between the adjacent antenna array element that the distance of the row center line of said antenna array does not wait; Non-constant amplitude feed can be realized being positioned at, and the purpose of suppressed sidelobes level can be reached through the impedance magnitude of each transformer section in the transformer section of adjustment cascade with the bay of delegation.Owing to adopt a multipath power distributor to connect with each bay in the delegation; Thereby the microstrip line length that connects between each bay in the present embodiment is shorter; Consequent medium and conductor losses are less, and the suppressing antenna main lobe gain descends preferably.
On the basis of such scheme, the said bay that is arranged in delegation, to both sides, the spacing between the bay reduces gradually from the centre.Also be connected with transformer section 400 between each said bay 100 and the corresponding multipath power distributor.
Also be connected with transformer section 600 and transformer section 700 in the said antenna array between the different rows, and the spacing between the different rows can equate.To be positioned on the row center line of antenna array outermost two transformer sections and represent that with 600 middle usefulness 700 is represented.In order to reach the purpose of homophase feed, the width of transformer section 600 and transformer section 700 is different usually, i.e. impedance is different.Through transformer section 600 and transformer section 700 with connecting between the different rows, thereby can guarantee the impedance matching and the homophase feed of entire antenna matrix.
The main lobe of array antenna on the greatest irradiation direction, also can produce some parasitic secondary lobe and back lobes, wherein near first sidelobe level of main lobe generally than higher, can produce other channels and disturb.The sidelobe level of array antenna receives the influence of various factors such as diffraction effect and machining accuracy of amplitude and phase place, the mutual coupling between the bay, the sheet edge of structure, each bay feed of feeding network.Wherein, the feed amplitude of bay has decisive influence to the sidelobe level size.The sudden change discontinuity of feed amplitude can cause the appearance of big secondary lobe, can make discontinuity minimum and locate become zero distribution of gradual change on the edge of, thereby make sidelobe level minimum.Generally speaking, if to amplitude feeds such as each array elements, the sidelobe level of array antenna is about-13dB, can not satisfy the ETC demands of applications.
If with two segment length is the transformer section cascade of quarter-wave guide wavelength, just can form the transformer section of a similar transformer.For example, the impedance of supposing feeder line between the adjacent antenna array element is 100 ohm, and length is a guide wavelength.If will be wherein length be that the feed line impedance of quarter-wave guide wavelength becomes 50 ohm, just can obtain the feed amplitude and be 1: 2 array antenna.And the conversion of this impedance only just can realize through the live width that changes microstrip line, does not need the T type branch line in the two-way power splitter, greatly reduces the feeding network difficulty of design.
On the basis of such scheme; In the said bay, comprise: near first transformer section 510 in the said antenna array outside with near second transformer section 520 at said antenna array center with the transformer section 500 of the cascade that is connected between the bay that the row distance between center line of said antenna array does not wait with delegation.In order to reach the purpose that the feed amplitude is reduced to both sides array element by center array element gradually, the width of said first transformer section 510 is greater than the width of said second transformer section 520.
Therefore for embodiments of the invention; First transformer section 510 and the width of second transformer section 520 of the transformer section 500 through the control cascade; The then impedance of these two transformer sections of may command, thus can reach the purpose of controlling the feed amplitude between the adjacent antenna array element.The feed amplitude ratio of the transformer section through regulating cascade has been realized non-constant amplitude feed, thereby has been reached the purpose of control sidelobe level.
Below the antenna array through 4 * 4 is an example, and the present invention will be described.
As shown in Figure 4, be the sketch map of the antenna array of embodiments of the invention 4 * 4.In the present embodiment, the distance between two array antenna array element L2 and the L3 is 0.7～0.9 guide wavelength.For a preferable scheme, the distance between L2 and the L3 can be 0.7 guide wavelength, and the distance between L1 and the L2, between L3 and the L4 is than the little 0.3～0.5mm of the distance between L2 and the L3.
In the transformer section 500 of cascade, the ratio of the impedance 510 of said first transformer section and the impedance of said second transformer section 520 was preferably 58: 100 less than 58: 100, can access lower sidelobe level thereby distribute according to Chebyshev.
It is the amplitude distribution of optimization compromise that Chebyshev distributes, through adopting the distribute feed amplitude of controlling level bay of Chebyshev, and under the situation that guarantees main lobe gain, effective suppressed sidelobes level.In an embodiment of the present invention, it is 40～60 ohm that the impedance 510 of first transformer section can be chosen impedance, and it is 80～120 ohm that second transformer section 520 can be chosen impedance.Distribute according to Chebyshev, the ratio of the feed amplitude of center array element and edge array element is less than 0.58 o'clock, can realize that sidelobe level is less than-17dB.
In addition, bay all passes through transformer section 400 input impedance matching to 80 with each bay～120 ohm in each row.Also will be impedance-matched to 80～120 ohm between the different rows through transformer section 600 and 700.A kind of preferred scheme does, the input impedance of bays all in the entire antenna matrix is all matched 100 ohm.In this way, can realize the impedance matching of entire antenna matrix and each bay in the whole array antenna carried out the homophase feed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate dielectric constant of this array antenna is 2.55, and loss tangent is 0.0019, and the thickness of substrate is 1.6mm.The design of feeding network for ease; Bay is selected the left-hand circular polarization or the right-handed circular polarization antenna of single-point feedback; Thereby can on antenna, encourage simultaneously the transverse magnetic mode of 90 ° of polarization orthogonal, phase phasic difference, synthetic polarization of electromagnetic field mode is a circular polarization.Concrete way of realization includes but not limited to several kinds shown in Fig. 5: cut a pair of leg-of-mutton circular polarized antenna array element X1; Cut a foursquare circular polarized antenna array element X2, the circular polarized antenna array element X4 of the circular polarized antenna array element X3 of diagonal angle feed and center grooved.Obtain Fig. 6 and antenna performance shown in Figure 7 when in this case, 4 * 4 antenna array being impedance-matched to 100 ohm.Fig. 6 is the standing wave curve of present embodiment array antenna, and Fig. 7 is the lobe directions figure of present embodiment array antenna.As shown in Figure 6, standing-wave ratio is less than the 400MHz nearly of the impedance bandwidth below 2, the needed 50MHz bandwidth of the system that is far longer than.As shown in Figure 7, the main lobe gain of antenna reaches 17dB, and level all is 22 degree with vertical lobe width, and sidelobe level-17dB satisfies the needs that ETC communicates by letter fully.
The above; Be merely embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; The variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (11)
1. a micro-strip array antenna comprises the antenna array of being made up of two above bays, and the same delegation of said antenna array comprises two above bays, it is characterized in that,
Be arranged in bay with delegation, the corresponding connection of each output port of each bay and a multipath power distributor, and and the adjacent antenna array element that do not wait of the distance of the row center line of said antenna array between be connected with the transformer section of cascade.
2. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said bay that is arranged in delegation, and to both sides, the spacing between the bay reduces gradually from the centre.
3. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is connected with transformer section between each said bay and the corresponding multipath power distributor.
4. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the spacing in the said antenna array between the different rows equates.
5. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that, also is connected with transformer section in the said antenna array between the adjacent lines.
6. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The transformer section of said cascade comprises: near first transformer section in the said antenna array outside with near second transformer section at said antenna array center; The width of said first transformer section is greater than the width of said second transformer section; Said transformer section is that length is the microstrip line of 1/4 guide wavelength.
7. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the ratio of the impedance of said first transformer section and the impedance of said second transformer section was less than 58: 100.
8. according to each described micro-strip array antenna in the claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that said antenna array is 4 * 4 matrixes.
9. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the impedance ranges of said first transformer section is 40～60 ohm, and the impedance ranges of second transformer section is 80～120 ohm.
10. micro-strip array antenna according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the distance between two array antenna array elements in the middle of the said antenna array is 0.7～0.9 guide wavelength;
In the distance between the two array antenna array elements of row center line the same side of said antenna array than the little 0.3～0.5mm of distance between two array antenna array elements in the middle of the said antenna array.
11., it is characterized in that said transformer section is that length is the microstrip line of 1/4 guide wavelength according to each described micro-strip array antenna in the claim 1 to 5.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200910083918A CN101552380B (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-05-12 | A microstrip array antenna |
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| CN200910083918A CN101552380B (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-05-12 | A microstrip array antenna |
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| CN101552380A CN101552380A (en) | 2009-10-07 |
| CN101552380B true CN101552380B (en) | 2012-10-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3367502B1 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2021-04-07 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna and communications device |
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| CN109390677A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-26 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术有限公司 | Antenna module and the electronic equipment with this antenna module, remote controler |
| TWI692151B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-04-21 | 明泰科技股份有限公司 | Antenna array |
| CN113036437A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Millimeter wave radar antenna |
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