CN103956575A - Large X-band broadband frequency phase scanning antenna array - Google Patents
Large X-band broadband frequency phase scanning antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a large X-band broadband frequency phase scanning antenna array. M columns of antenna unit arrays (2) are arranged in a triangular lattice mode, every two columns are staggered by half an antenna unit and arranged in a spaced mode to form the arrays, and m-1 columns of metal grids (31) are evenly arranged in the lattice of the m columns of antenna unit arrays; m columns of antenna unit arrays and m columns of U-shaped air strip frequency scanning slow wave lines (5) correspond one to one to form a frequency scanning antenna array, each column of U-shaped air strip frequency scanning slow wave line is simulated by a T/R assembly, power distribution is determined according to the power amplitude distribution ratio needed by each output port (7), structural forms of an air strip line and a branch coupler (14) are adopted, and the phase gradient needed by the antenna unit frequency scanning is provided; a broadband phase matching network (8) is introduced to a directly communicated end or a coupling end of each slow wave line, a coupler and the broadband phase matching network act together, so that slope factors, which change with frequency, of output phases of the two output ports of the branch coupler can keep consistent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of caliber size and can be the large-scale X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently of 1400 × 700 millimeters, especially a kind ofly on azimuth plane, adopt phasescan, the two-dimensional electric scanning array of proportion scanning on pitching face, antenna array unit scale is 64 × 18, and unit number reaches 1152 X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently.
Background technology
Since 20 century 70s, along with the appearance of one dimension phased scanning antenna, the design of three-dimensional radar is simplified, performance is improved; Along with the continuous progress of scientific and technological level, and the continuous growth of demand, phased-array 3-D radar also develops into and adopts two-dimensional phase to sweep antenna by adopting one dimension to sweep mutually antenna gradually.At present, the three-dimensional radar that two-dimensional phase is swept has become the main flow of three-dimensional radar.Phased array antenna technology has started to be applied on a large scale the communications field.
Adopt two-dimensional electric scanning antenna, make antenna beam all there is rapid scanning ability at pitching face and horizontal plane, because antenna array does not need to rotate, there is no the inertia of mechanical scanning, can search for and follow the tracks of with High Data Rate.Data transfer rate is the important indicator of reflection radar system performance, and wherein the search data rate of phased array radar refers to the inverse in the time interval in adjacent twice complete given spatial domain of search, and tracking data rate is the inverse to the time in same target following sampling interval.An essential condition of phased array radar high speed development is further to reduce costs.For two dimensional phased array antenna, after its each unit, want one of termination to comprise phase shifter T/R transmitting-receiving subassembly, containing being useful on the power amplifier module of signal transmitting, containing the low noise amplifier that is useful on reception, and containing the phase shifter that is useful on beam scanning phase control.Can imagine, in the time that antenna array is very large, for example thousands of antenna elements, for adopting the phase shifter two-dimensional scan phased array antenna of carrying out wave beam control, it is even more that only the cost of T/R assembly has just occupied the half of the country of whole phased array antenna system.The AN/TPY-2 radar of for example U.S., work in X-band, 70 ° of azimuth plane sweep limitss, 40 °, pitching face, have the bandwidth of operation of 1GHz, its radar antenna is by 25344 T/R module compositions, and each T/R assembly is by 800 dollars of calculating, only the cost of T/R assembly is with regard to approximately 2,000,000 dollars for they, and the costliness of the cost of whole radar system has some idea of.Therefore, in order to reduce radar system cost, sweep mutually the radar system of system frequently and arise at the historic moment, the radar system under this system is that one dimension is swept mutually, and another dimension is swept frequently; Frequency scanning antenna does not need phase shifter just can complete spatial domain scanning, thereby has effectively reduced cost.There is the advantage on cost although sweep mutually the radar system of system frequently, also brought the many restrictions that use simultaneously.For example: for two-dimensional scan antenna, particularly there is the two-dimensional antenna array of wide angle scanning, the lattice dimensions of antenna element is greatly limited, do not affect the design of frequently sweeping slow wave line in order to evade this restriction, can adopt low-loss flexible cable to be connected with slow wave line separation antenna element, but it should be noted that slow wave line is a series feed structure, the adding senior general and inevitably bring the increase of loss of size, thus affect antenna gain index.Therefore how under limited lattice dimensions, designing low-loss frequency sweeps slow wave line and just becomes the crucial part of frequently sweeping mutually radar system.General, there is following several version to consider, for example microstrip line, the slow wave line of strip line and waveguide form (serpentine that for example crack in Narrow Wall of Waveguide limit), but pass through simulation calculation, result shows: the two dimension for X-band with wide angle scanning is swept aerial array frequently mutually, this several version, it not too large (for example microstrip line of loss, strip line), be exactly bulky, weight is too large simultaneously, for example waveguide serpentine, although loss is little, but in the time that composition completes wide-angle scanning compared with large array, there is the obstacle that cannot overcome and can not put up with, therefore must look for another way, weed out the old and bring forth the new, adopt new version just may solve this difficult problem.Slow wave line is part important in frequency-scan radar antenna-feedback system, has been to sweep the core component of function frequently.It provides desired amplitude, PHASE DISTRIBUTION for antenna array, what is more important in the time of frequency generation slight variations, make the equiphase surface of line source produce significant tilt, thereby complete the spacescan of wave beam.In prior art, use E-plane bend rectangular waveguide as slow wave structure in order to reach low-loss requirement, and adopted mixing feeding technique that waveguide slot coupling feed and feed microstrip line combine to take into account loss and weight.Because scanning angle, bandwidth of operation and the slow wave line loss of slow wave line frequency-scanned array restrict mutually, the problem of attending to one thing and lose sight of another is difficult to solve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to prior art above shortcomings part, a kind of compact conformation, high-performance broadband are provided, can be under limited lattice dimensions, reduce antenna element number, reduce mutual coupling between antenna element, realize the frequency of low-loss, wide bandwidth scan angle, handling ease and sweep slow wave line array antenna device.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by following technical proposals: a kind of large-scale X-band broadband is phase scanning array antenna frequently, comprise: m array antenna cell array 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31, be placed in antenna by slot 4 and the frequency of supporting box 6 is installed is swept slow wave line stuffing box 30 for placing the microwave casing 1 of T/R assembly and m, it is characterized in that: m array antenna cell array 2 is arranged with triangular lattice, antenna element arranged with interval group battle array mutually staggers half between row and row, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31 is distributed in the grid of m array antenna cell array 2, being embedded in antenna installs on the antenna-reflected plate 3 of supporting box 6 tops, the banded frequency of m array antenna cell array 2 and m row U-shaped air is swept slow wave line 5 corresponding composition frequency scanning antenna row one by one, directly inserts the banded frequency of the m row U-shaped air of answering in contrast antenna-reflected plate 3 belows sweep in slow wave line 5 by blindmate mode, each row U-shaped air is banded to be swept slow wave line 5 frequently and comprises several and output to the feed output port of antenna element and the slow wave line submatrix of connection in series-parallel form, the banded metallic cavity of sweeping slow wave line 5 frequently of whole U-shaped air has been divided into two parts by metal partion (metp) 17 structure, controls amplitude and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of each feed port, the banded slow wave line 5 of frequently sweeping of each row U-shaped air is respectively with a T/R assembly excitation, distribute ratio to determine power division according to the needed power magnitude of each output port 7, and adopt the version of air strip line form and branch coupler 14, provide antenna element frequency scanning needed phase gradient, the straight-through end of Mei road slow wave line or coupled end are introduced broadband phase matched network 8, and the acting in conjunction of coupler 14 and broadband phase matched network 8, makes the output phase of 14 two delivery outlets of branch coupler be consistent with the slope of frequency change.
The present invention has following beneficial effect than prior art.
The present invention adopts low-loss air strip line and use branch coupling line to carry out power division, and Mei road output port access band matching network, facilitates the adjustment of phase slope.
The present invention sweeps slow wave line by frequency and is divided into several submatrixs according to function and power division situation, can distinguish independent design, has reduced design difficulty; Adopt submatrix independent processing respectively, can reduce difficulty of processing; Every row are swept the submatrix that slow wave line comprises frequently and are adopted rectangular coaxial line to connect, not only connect reliable, and the air strip line at two ends is played a supporting role simultaneously, processing is also more convenient simultaneously, and output to the port access band matching network of antenna element at slow wave line, facilitate the adjustment of phase slope.
In the present invention, slow wave line can carry out feed to an array antenna (18 antenna elements), slow wave line provides antenna element frequency scanning needed phase gradient, thereby the scanning on the pitching face of completing, the corresponding row of an array antenna are swept slow wave line composition frequency scanning antenna row frequently, the such frequency scanning antenna of 64 row is listed as according to triangular lattice lines up, and completes phasescan, on azimuth plane within the scope of full bandwidth, be better than-25dB of azimuth plane minor level, be better than-20dB of pitching face minor level.
Compact conformation of the present invention and there is low-loss and wide angle scan capability.The X-band using in the present invention, 250 millimeters of segment lengths air strip line (impedance is 50 ohm) be no more than-0.1dB of its loss; And the banded frequency of whole U-shaped air is swept the be no more than-2.2dB of loss that slow wave line 5 comprises connector.The slow wave line of frequency scanning adopts branch's coupling line form of air strip line structure, loss low (being no more than-2.2dB).
The present invention, through the acting in conjunction of coupler 14 and broadband phase matched network 8, makes 14 two delivery outlet output phases of branch coupler basically identical with the slope of frequency change.The present invention except there being low loss, can bear higher power, compact conformation, technique is simple, cost is low and engineering realizability better, and can effectively control by slow wave line amplitude and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of each feed port, thereby guarantee the realization of antenna technology index.
The present invention adopts phasescan on azimuth plane, proportion scanning on pitching face, and slow wave line provides antenna element frequency scanning needed phase gradient, thus the frequency scanning on the pitching face of completing.Whole front adopts triangular lattice to arrange, and can effectively reduce antenna element number, and reduce the mutual coupling between unit, and relative bandwidth reaches 14.7%, belongs to broad-band antenna array in field of radar; Azimuth plane phasescan angle, pitching face frequency scanning angle are all greater than 60 °.Result of calculation shows: within the scope of full bandwidth, X-band provided by the present invention broadband is be better than-25dB of phase scanning array antenna azimuth plane minor level frequently, be better than-20dB of pitching face minor level; The gain of whole aerial array (64 row) reaches 34dB in the time not scanning.Compared with the frequency-scanned array of conventional waveguide crack, this array antenna can not only be realized the frequency scanning of high efficiency, wide-angle, (antenna element and slow wave line are from structure very thin thickness also to have low section, be tile form, be convenient to carry out plug-in type assembling), compact conformation, lightweight advantage, and be convenient to realize the expansion of large array antenna.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the frequently phase scanning array antenna entirety schematic perspective view of arranging of large-scale X-band of the present invention broadband.
Fig. 2 is the antenna element array enlarged diagram being arranged in Fig. 1 on reflecting plate.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram in top down perspective of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is that the A of Fig. 3 is to view.
Fig. 5 is the full sectional view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the banded circuit topological structure schematic diagram of sweeping slow wave line 5 frequently of U-shaped air being placed in slow wave line stuffing box 30.
Fig. 7 is that in Fig. 6, the banded frequency of U-shaped air is swept the broadband phase matched network diagram on slow wave line 5.
Fig. 8 is that the broadband phase matched network in Fig. 7 has improved phase slope and changes conforming schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is that in Fig. 6, the banded frequency of U-shaped air is swept the rectangular coaxial line schematic diagram on slow wave line 5.
Figure 10 is the antenna pattern of aerial array of the present invention in the time that pitching face is frequently swept-34 °.
Figure 11 is the antenna pattern of aerial array of the present invention in the time that pitching face is frequently swept 29 °.
Figure 12 is the antenna pattern of aerial array of the present invention sweep mutually-30 ° during at azimuth plane.
Figure 13 is the banded standing wave pattern of sweeping slow wave line 5 frequently of U-shaped air in Fig. 6.
In figure: 1 microwave casing, 2 antenna element arrays, 3 antenna-reflected plates, 4 slots, the banded slow wave line of frequently sweeping of 5U shape air, 6 antennas are installed supporting box, 7 slow wave line output ports, 8 broadband phase matched networks, 9 blindmate sockets, 10 slow wave lines the 2nd submatrix, 11 slow wave lines the 3rd submatrix, 12 slow wave lines the 4th submatrix, 13 slow wave lines the 5th submatrix, 14 branch couplers, 15 first metallic cavity, 16 slow wave line metallic cavity inwalls, 17 metal partion (metp)s, 18 rectangular coaxial lines, 19 slow wave lines the 1st submatrix, 20 dielectric support, 21 second metallic cavity, 22 slow wave line input ports, 23 air strip line metal conduction bands, 24 inner wires, 25 rectangular coaxial line Supporting Medias, 26 the 1st road signal output parts, 27 the 2nd road signal output parts, 28 the 3rd road signal output parts, 29 the 4th road signal output parts, 30 sweep slow wave line stuffing box frequently, 31 metal grizzly bars, 32 mounting screw holes.
Embodiment
Consult Fig. 1-Fig. 5.A kind of large-scale X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, comprising: the microwave casing 1, m array antenna cell array 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31, antenna-reflected plate 3, the m that place T/R assembly sweep slow wave line stuffing box 30 and antenna installation supporting box 6 frequently.Wherein, microwave casing 1 is for laying T/R assembly, and T/R assembly transmits and receives for signal, includes the phase shifter for azimuth plane phasescan in T/R assembly.Frequently sweeping slow wave line stuffing box 30 for m is all placed in antenna installation supporting box 6 by slot 4.M array antenna cell array 2, all embedded being installed on antenna-reflected plate 3 of m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31.In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, m array antenna cell array 2 is arranged with triangular lattice, this triangular lattice arrangement mode be antenna array be listed as between the half antenna element spacing that mutually staggers carry out arrangement group battle array.Adopting the object of rounded projections arranged is in order to reduce antenna element number.
In Fig. 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31 is arranged in m array antenna cell array 2 uniformly, on the central axis between every two array antennas, lays a metal grizzly bar 31, and the effect of metal grizzly bar 31 is to improve array broadband coupling, increases aerial array sweep limits.The size of metal grizzly bar 31 can calculate by the optimization of Ansoft HFSS 3 D electromagnetic simulation software.In Fig. 2, all embedded being installed on antenna-reflected plate 3 of m array antenna cell array 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31, then antenna-reflected plate 3 is fastened on antenna by mounting screw hole 32 supporting box 6 tops is installed.Each frequency is swept in slow wave line stuffing box 30 and has been settled the banded frequency of a row U-shaped air to sweep slow wave line 5.M frequently to sweep m row slow wave line in slow wave line stuffing box 30 corresponding one by one with m array antenna.Each array antenna comprises 18 antenna elements, and each antenna element has an input port; The slow wave line of each below, array antenna unit includes 18 output ports, and what 18 output ports of slow wave line adopted is the blindmate connector with self-locking, and this blindmate connector is installed on the outside of frequently sweeping slow wave line stuffing box 30.There is the antenna element array 2 of blindmate socket, insert the banded slow wave line of sweeping slow wave line 5 frequently of the U-shaped air shown in Fig. 6 and export on the blindmate socket 9 of antenna.Utilize existing computer technology to carry out Electromagnetic Simulation in conjunction with Ansoft HFSS simulation software, the frequency that can complete air strip line version is swept slow wave line design.The two-dimensional electric scanning array being made up of m array antenna cell array 2, provides scanning required phase gradient by the phase shifter comprising in T/R transmitting-receiving subassembly on the azimuth plane in Fig. 3, completes phasescan; On the pitching face in Fig. 3, sweep slow wave line and provide scanning required phase gradient by being built in the frequency of frequently sweeping in slow wave line stuffing box 30, complete frequency scanning.Antenna array unit scale can be 64 × 18, and unit number can reach 1152.Whole two dimension is frequently swept aerial array mutually can 64 T/R assemblies, and the banded slow wave line 5 of frequently sweeping of each row U-shaped air is respectively with a T/R assembly excitation.
Consult Fig. 6.Whole U-shaped air is banded to be swept slow wave line 5 frequently and is positioned at and sweeps slow wave line stuffing box 30 frequently, U-shaped air is banded to be swept slow wave line 5 frequently and is made up of certain thickness, continuous bend, the U-shaped metal conduction band that is suspended in ambient air medium, and the upper and lower of air dielectric is all metal level.When use, need to adopt dielectric support 20 to support.This metal conduction band being suspended in air dielectric is exactly air strip line structure.Dielectric support 20 is a cylindrical structural, and dielectric constant is 2.2.The banded upper and lower of sweeping slow wave line 5 frequently of whole U-shaped air is metal cover board, the metal cover board of upper and lower has formed metallic cavity, the banded frequency of whole U-shaped air is swept slow wave line 5 and is just suspended in this metallic cavity, and the whole inverted L-shaped that is of this metallic cavity is swept slow wave line stuffing box 30 frequently thereby formed.Every row U-shaped air is banded sweeps slow wave line 5 frequently and comprises several and output to the feed output port of antenna element and the slow wave line submatrix of connection in series-parallel form, and every row are swept the feed output port that slow wave line submatrix has comprised again several and output to plane printing element antenna unit frequently.The banded frequency of U-shaped air is swept slow wave line 5 and can be divided into 5 slow wave line submatrixs.In other words, every row are frequently swept slow wave line submatrix and can be made up of the slow wave line submatrix of five connection in series-parallel forms.The slow wave line submatrix of five connection in series-parallel forms comprises slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 and slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19.Processing like this benefit of bringing is: can distinguish independent design, reduce design difficulty; Adopt submatrix independent processing respectively, can reduce difficulty of processing.Slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 link together by rectangular coaxial line 18 with slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 respectively.For this reason, slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 can be provided with 18 slow wave line output ports 7.The preferred embodiments of the present invention are: slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10 comprises 5 slow wave line output ports 7, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11 comprises 4 slow wave line output ports 7, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 comprises 3 slow wave line output ports 7, and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 comprises 6 slow wave line output ports 7.Described slow wave line output port 7 exports antenna blindmate socket 9 to 18 slow wave lines frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 respectively by low-loss flexible cable and is connected.This low-loss flexible cable one end can adopt welding manner to be connected with slow wave line output port 7, and the other end exports antenna blindmate socket 9 to slow wave line and adopts blindmate plug-in type to be connected.
Each row U-shaped air is banded to be swept slow wave line 5 frequently and is sealed in and frequently sweeps in slow wave line stuffing box, frequently sweep slow wave line stuffing box and be divided into two metallic cavity by metal partion (metp) 17, slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 are assemblied in the first metallic cavity 15, slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 is assemblied in the second metallic cavity 21, and slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 is a cascaded structure.The banded slow wave line 5 of frequently sweeping of U-shaped air has certain distance apart with slow wave line metallic cavity inwall 16.Slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 is provided with the 1st road signal output part 26 of corresponding slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13, the 2nd road signal output part 27, the 3 road signal output parts 28 and the 4th road signal output part 29.The 1st road signal output part 26, the 2nd road signal output part 27, the 3 road signal output parts 28 and the 4th road signal output part 29 are in parallel with the head end of slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 respectively by above-mentioned metal partion (metp) 17 in turn.
The banded frequency of U-shaped air is swept slow wave line 5 and is adopted the version of air strip line form and branch coupler 14 to complete power division, is embodied as the amplitude weighting that reduces antenna side lobe level and adopt.On the metal conduction band U-bend tune of each slow wave line submatrix, at least go here and there and have a branch coupler 14.The banded slow wave line 5 of frequently sweeping of each row U-shaped air is respectively with a T/R assembly excitation, distribute ratio to determine power division according to the needed power magnitude of each output port 7, introduce broadband phase matched network 8 at straight-through end or coupled end, the output phase of 14 two delivery outlets of branch coupler is consistent with the slope of frequency change.Broadband phase matched network 8 is positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 need to enter output port 7 places of horizontal phasing control, its effect is that the phase slope of each output port is changed and is consistent, thereby ensures that the phase place of frequency scanning antenna changes requirement.
Slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 transmits according to the requirement of amplitude and phase place and signal output stream to being divided into 4 tunnels input, transmitting of input enters slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 from slow wave line input port 22, be fed to slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 by the 1st road signal output part 26, the 2 road signal output part the 27, the 3rd road signal output part the 28, the 4th road signal output parts 29 respectively.The division of slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 is according to being: distribute ratio (Taylor of adopted in this example-33dB distributes) to determine according to each output port 7 needed power magnitude.
Consult Fig. 7, Fig. 8.Owing to differing from 90 ° of left and right through the wave phase of 14 two delivery outlet outputs of branch coupler, and frequently to sweep phase characteristic requirement in order meeting, to tackle it to compensate, its phase slope is changed consistent, thereby ensure that the phase place of frequency scanning antenna changes requirement.In order to adjust this slope, can introduce a broadband phase matched network 8 at straight-through end or coupled end, this network can be seen a low pass filter with linear phase response characteristic as, utilize this filter phases to postpone, the characteristic that changes flexibly phase slope, can make the phase place of two slow wave line output ports basic identical with frequency change slope.Therefore, the broadband phase matched network adopting in the present invention is different from the filter in general microwave system, and the filter Main Function in general microwave system has been frequency selection function.Realize inductance in low pass filter and the method for electric capacity has three kinds substantially: high low-impedance line method, open circuit closed stub method and lumped elements method with microwave network element.In stub length very in short-term, high impedance line can be equivalent to a lumped elements series inductance, and low-impedance line can be equivalent to a lumped elements shunt capacitance.
Be positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 and need to enter the broadband phase matched network 8 at output port 7 places of horizontal phasing control and be made up of perpendicular to the branch line of slow wave line output port 7 three joints, its effect is that the phase slope of each output port is changed and is consistent.A branch coupler 14 adds the result of calculation of broadband phase matched network 8, is normalized to shown in Fig. 5 in one-period.As can be seen from the figure,, through the acting in conjunction of coupler 14 and broadband phase matched network 8, make 14 two delivery outlet output phases of branch coupler basically identical with the slope of frequency change.
Consult Fig. 9.The inner wire 24 of rectangular coaxial line is supported in rectangular channel (open metal partion (metp) 17 relevant positions between cavity 4 rectangular channels that connect respectively 4 submatrixs) by rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25, air strip line metal conduction band 23 connects firmly at the two ends of rectangular coaxial line rectangular metal cavity, inner wire 24 impedances of coaxial line
In formula, η
0=377 (Ω) are the wave impedance under free space, ε
r=2.2 is medium dielectric constant, w is the width of the metallic inner conductor 24 of rectangular coaxial line, t is the thickness of the metallic inner conductor 24 of rectangular coaxial line, a is the width of rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25, b is the height of rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25, suitably select above parameters, can make the impedance of rectangular coaxial line is 50 ohm at calculated rate place.Inlay for convenience, rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25 can be divided into upper and lower two parts processing, between cavity, 4 rectangular channels that connect 4 submatrixs are opened in metal partion (metp) 17 relevant positions, for laying the whole rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25 that is inlaid with rectangular coaxial line metallic inner conductor 24.Total is easy to process, only needs to connect by the rectangular channel on metal partion (metp) 17, and not only connection is reliable, the unsettled air strip line in two ends has been played to supporting role simultaneously.
Consult Figure 10, Figure 11.In figure, provide respectively the antenna pattern while frequently sweeping-34 °, 29 °, be better than respectively-25dB of minor level ,-21.2dB.For a series feed linear array, change its operating frequency, the phase relation of array unit just and then changes, and beam position changes thereupon, Here it is frequency-scanned array.In linear array, any two adjacent radiation units, with having same phase constant and length differs the feeder line of L and carrys out feed, this just produces a phase difference between these two adjacent radiation units
In formula, λ
grepresent wavelength in feeder line.
Obviously, certain as L, change λ
g, change main frequency,
just change, the beam position of antenna array has also just changed thereupon, and wave beam scans in other words, the basic physical concept of Here it is frequency scanning antenna.
Consult Figure 12.In figure, provided the antenna pattern of sweeping mutually-30 °, phasescan is completed by 64 phase shifters, now can think that the directional diagram of scanning ± 30 ° is symmetrical, therefore only provides the antenna pattern of-30 °.Be better than-25dB of minor level.
Consult Figure 13.Wherein f0, f1, f2 represent respectively centre frequency, operating frequency low frequency end, operating frequency front end.In whole frequency band, the banded standing wave of sweeping slow wave line 5 frequently of U-shaped air is better than 1.6, its relative bandwidth (f2-f1)/f0 × 100%=14.7%.Therefore aerial array of the present invention belongs to broad-band antenna array in field of radar.
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, the equivalent transformation of similar homogeneous structure, all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a large-scale X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, comprise: m array antenna cell array (2), m-1 row metal grizzly bar (31), sweep slow wave line stuffing box (30) for placing the microwave casing (1) of T/R assembly and m frequency that is placed in antenna installation supporting box (6) by slot (4), it is characterized in that: m array antenna cell array (2) is arranged with triangular lattice, antenna element arranged with interval group battle array mutually staggers half between row and row, m-1 row metal grizzly bar (31) is distributed in the grid of m array antenna cell array (2), being embedded in antenna installs on the antenna-reflected plate (3) of supporting box (6) top, banded slow wave line (5) the correspondence composition frequency scanning antenna row one by one of frequently sweeping of m array antenna cell array (2) and m row U-shaped air, directly insert the banded frequency of the m row U-shaped air of answering in contrast antenna-reflected plate (3) below by blindmate mode and sweep in slow wave line (5), each row U-shaped air is banded to be swept slow wave line (5) frequently and comprises several and output to the feed output port of antenna element and the slow wave line submatrix of connection in series-parallel form, the banded metallic cavity of sweeping slow wave line (5) frequently of whole U-shaped air has been divided into two parts by metal partion (metp) (17) structure, controls amplitude and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of each feed port, the banded slow wave line (5) of frequently sweeping of each row U-shaped air is respectively with a T/R assembly excitation, distribute ratio to determine power division according to the needed power magnitude of each output port (7), and adopt the version of air strip line form and branch coupler (14), provide antenna element frequency scanning needed phase gradient, the straight-through end of Mei road slow wave line or coupled end are introduced broadband phase matched network (8), coupler (14) and broadband phase matched network (8) acting in conjunction, make the output phase of (14) two delivery outlets of branch coupler be consistent with the slope of frequency change.
2. the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 1 broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: every row are frequently swept slow wave line submatrix and are made up of the slow wave line submatrix of five connection in series-parallel forms, and five connection in series-parallel slow wave line submatrixs comprise slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19), slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13).
3. the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 2 broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, is characterized in that: slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12), slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) link together by rectangular coaxial line (18) with slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) respectively.
4. the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 1 and 2 broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: each row U-shaped air is banded to be swept slow wave line (5) frequently and be sealed in and frequently sweep in slow wave line stuffing box (30), frequently sweep slow wave line stuffing box (30) and be divided into two metallic cavity by metal partion (metp) (17), slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) are assemblied in the first metallic cavity (15), slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) is assemblied in the second metallic cavity (21), slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) is a cascaded structure.
5. the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 2 broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) is provided with the 1st road signal output part (26) of corresponding slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13), the 2nd road signal output part (27), the 3rd road signal output part (28) and the 4th road signal output part (29); The 1st road signal output part (26), the 2nd road signal output part (27), the 3rd road signal output part (28) and the 4th road signal output part (29) are in parallel with the head end of slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) respectively by above-mentioned metal partion (metp) (17) in turn.
6. the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 2 broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) transmits according to the requirement of amplitude and phase place and signal output stream to being divided into 4 tunnels input, transmitting of input enters slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) from slow wave line input port (22), respectively by the 1st road signal output part (26), the 2nd road signal output part (27), the 3rd road signal output part (28), the 4th road signal output part (29) is fed to slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13).
7. frequently phase scanning array antenna of the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 2 broadband, is characterized in that: be positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12), slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) and need to enter the broadband phase matched network (8) that the output port (7) of horizontal phasing control locates and be made up of perpendicular to the branch line of slow wave line output port (7) three joints.
8. frequently phase scanning array antenna of the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 1 broadband, is characterized in that: on the metal conduction band U-bend tune of each slow wave line submatrix, at least go here and there and have a branch coupler (14).
9. frequently phase scanning array antenna of the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 1 broadband, is characterized in that: broadband phase matched network (8) is positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12), slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) and need to enters the output port (7) of horizontal phasing control and locate.
10. the large-scale X-band of one according to claim 1 broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, is characterized in that: broadband phase matched network (8) is a low pass filter with linear phase response characteristic.
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