CN103956575B - Aerial array is swept frequently mutually in large-scale X-band broadband - Google Patents
Aerial array is swept frequently mutually in large-scale X-band broadband Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The large-scale X-band broadband of the one that the present invention proposes phase scanning array antenna frequently, m array antenna cell array (2) arranges with triangular lattice, stagger half antenna element separation arrangement group battle array between the column and the column mutually, and m-1 row metal grizzly bar (31) is distributed in the grid of m array antenna cell array; M array antenna cell array and banded slow wave line (5) the one_to_one corresponding composition frequency scanning antenna of frequently sweeping of m row U-shaped air arrange, each row U-shaped air is banded, and sweeping slow wave line uses a T/R member actuation respectively frequently, ratio determination power division is distributed according to the power magnitude required for each output port (7), and adopt the version of air strip line form and branch coupler (14), the phase gradient required for antenna element frequency scanning is provided; Introduce wideband phase matching network (8) at the straight-through end of every road slow wave line or coupled end, coupler and the acting in conjunction of wideband phase matching network, make the output phase place of branch coupler two delivery outlets be consistent with the slope of frequency change.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the large-scale X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently that a kind of caliber size can be 1400 × 700 millimeters, especially a kind of two-dimensional electric scanning array adopting phasescan on azimuth plane, adopt frequency scanning on pitching face, antenna array unit scale is 64 × 18, and unit number reaches the X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently of 1152.
Background technology
Since 20 century 70s, along with the appearance of one dimension phased scanning antenna, the design of three-dimensional radar is simplified, performance is improved; Along with the continuous progress of scientific and technological level, and the continuous growth of demand, phased-array 3-D radar is also swept antenna mutually by employing one dimension gradually and is developed into and adopt two-dimensional phase to sweep antenna.At present, the three-dimensional radar that two-dimensional phase is swept has become the main flow of three-dimensional radar.Phased array antenna technology has started to be applied to the communications field on a large scale.
Adopt two-dimensional electric scanning antenna, make antenna beam all have rapid scanning ability in pitching face and horizontal plane, because antenna array does not need to rotate, there is no the inertia of mechanical scanning, can carry out searching for and following the tracks of with High Data Rate.Data transfer rate is the important indicator of reflection radar system performance, and wherein the search data rate of phased array radar refers to the inverse in the time interval in the complete given spatial domain of adjacent twice search, and tracking data rate is the inverse to same target following sampling interval duration.An essential condition of phased array radar high speed development to reduce costs further.For two dimensional phased array antenna, termination one is wanted to comprise phase shifter T/R transmitting-receiving subassembly after its each unit, containing the power amplifier module launched for signal, containing the low noise amplifier for receiving, and containing the phase shifter for beam scanning phase control.Can imagine, when antenna array is very large, such as thousands of antenna elements, for adopting phase shifter to carry out the two-dimensional scan phased array antenna of wave beam control, only just to occupy the half of the country of whole phased array antenna system even more for the cost of T/R assembly.The AN/TPY-2 radar of the such as U.S., work in X-band, azimuth plane sweep limits 70 °, 40 °, pitching face, have the bandwidth of operation of 1GHz, its radar antenna is made up of 25344 T/R assemblies, and each T/R assembly is by 800 dollars of calculating, the cost just about 2,000,000 dollars of its only T/R assembly, the costliness of the cost of whole radar system has some idea of.Therefore, in order to reduce radar system cost, the radar system of frequently sweeping system is mutually arisen at the historic moment, and the radar system under this system is that one dimension is swept mutually, and another dimension is swept frequently; Frequency scanning antenna does not need phase shifter just can complete spatial domain scanning, thus significantly reduces cost.Although the radar system of frequently sweeping system mutually has the advantage on cost, also bring the many restrictions in use simultaneously.Such as: for two-dimensional scan antenna, particularly there is the two-dimensional antenna array of wide angle scanning, the lattice dimensions of antenna element is greatly limited, the design of frequently sweeping slow wave line is not affected in order to evade this restriction, antenna element can be separated with slow wave line and adopt low-loss flexible cable to connect, but it should be noted that slow wave line is a series feed structure, size add the increase that senior general inevitably brings loss, thus affect antenna gain index.Therefore under limited lattice dimensions, how to design low-loss frequency sweep slow wave line and just become the crucial part of frequently sweeping radar system mutually.General, following several version is had to consider, such as microstrip line, the slow wave line of strip line and waveguide form (serpentine cracked in such as Narrow Wall of Waveguide limit), but pass through simulation calculation, result shows: two dimension X-band to wide angle scanning sweeps aerial array frequently mutually, this several version, it not too large (the such as microstrip line of loss, strip line), be exactly bulky, weight is too large simultaneously, such as waveguide serpentine, although loss is little, but when forming larger array and completing wide-angle scanning, there is the obstacle that cannot overcome and can not put up with, therefore must look for another way, weed out the old and bring forth the new, adopt new version just may solve this difficult problem.Slow wave line is part important in frequency-scan radar antenna-feedback system, has been the core component frequently sweeping function.It provides required amplitude, PHASE DISTRIBUTION for antenna array, what is more important make when frequency generation slight variations the equiphase surface of line source produce significant tilt, thus complete the spacescan of wave beam.Employ E-plane bend rectangular waveguide as slow wave structure to reach low-loss requirement in prior art, and the mixing feeding technique adopting waveguide slot coupling feed and feed microstrip line to combine is to take into account loss and weight.Because the scanning angle of slow wave line frequency-scanned array, bandwidth of operation and slow wave line loss restrict mutually, the problem of attending to one thing and lose sight of another is difficult to solve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to prior art above shortcomings part, a kind of compact conformation, high-performance broadband are provided, can under limited lattice dimensions, reduce antenna element number, reduce mutual coupling between antenna element, realize low-loss, wide bandwidth scan angle, handling ease frequency sweep slow wave line array antenna device.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by following technical proposals: a kind of large-scale X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, comprise: m array antenna cell array 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31, microwave enclosure 1 and m for placing T/R assembly sweep slow wave line stuffing box 30 by slot 4 frequency be placed in astronomical cycle supporting box 6, it is characterized in that: m array antenna cell array 2 arranges with triangular lattice, stagger half antenna element separation arrangement group battle array between the column and the column mutually, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31 is distributed in the grid of m array antenna cell array 2, be embedded on the antenna-reflected plate 3 above astronomical cycle supporting box 6, m array antenna cell array 2 and the banded slow wave line 5 one_to_one corresponding composition frequency scanning antenna of frequently sweeping of m row U-shaped air arrange, and directly insert the m row U-shaped air band shape corresponded below antenna-reflected plate 3 frequently sweep in slow wave line 5 by blindmate mode, each row U-shaped air is banded frequently to be swept slow wave line 5 and comprises several and output to the feed output port of antenna element and the slow wave line submatrix of connection in series-parallel form, the banded metallic cavity of frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 of whole U-shaped air be divide into two parts by metal partion (metp) 17 structure, controls amplitude and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of each feed port, each row U-shaped air is banded, and sweeping slow wave line 5 uses a T/R member actuation respectively frequently, ratio determination power division is distributed according to the power magnitude required for each output port 7, and adopt the version of air strip line form and branch coupler 14, the phase gradient required for antenna element frequency scanning is provided, introduce wideband phase matching network 8 at the straight-through end of every road slow wave line or coupled end, the acting in conjunction of coupler 14 and wideband phase matching network 8, makes the output phase place of branch coupler 14 two delivery outlets be consistent with the slope of frequency change.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared to prior art.
The present invention adopts low-loss air strip line and use branch coupling line to carry out power division, and at every road output port access band matching network, facilitates the adjustment of phase slope.
The present invention, by sweeping slow wave line is divided into several submatrix according to function and power allocation case frequently, independently can designs, reduce design difficulty; Adopt submatrix independently to process, can difficulty of processing be reduced; Often row are frequently swept the submatrix that slow wave line comprises and are adopted rectangular coaxial line to connect, not only connect reliable, and the air strip line at two ends is played a supporting role simultaneously, process also more convenient simultaneously, and the port access band matching network of antenna element is outputted at slow wave line, facilitate the adjustment of phase slope.
In the present invention, slow wave line can carry out feed to an array antenna (18 antenna elements), slow wave line provides the phase gradient required for antenna element frequency scanning, thus the scanning on the pitching face of completing, namely the corresponding row of an array antenna sweep slow wave line composition frequency scanning antenna row frequently, the such frequency scanning antenna of 64 row arranges lines up according to triangular lattice, azimuth plane completes phasescan, within the scope of full bandwidth, azimuth plane minor level is better than-25dB, and pitching face minor level is better than-20dB.
Compact conformation of the present invention and there is low-loss and wide angle scan capability.At the X-band that the present invention uses, air strip line (impedance is 50 ohm) its loss of a segment length 250 millimeters is no more than-0.1dB; And whole U-shaped air is banded frequently sweeps the loss that slow wave line 5 comprises connector and be no more than-2.2dB.The slow wave line of frequency scanning adopts branch's coupling line form of air strip line structure, loss low (being no more than-2.2dB).
The present invention, through the acting in conjunction of coupler 14 and wideband phase matching network 8, makes branch coupler 14 two delivery outlets export phase places basically identical with the slope of frequency change.The present invention except there being low loss, higher power can be born, compact conformation, technique is simple, cost is low and engineering realizability better except, and effectively can be controlled amplitude and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of each feed port by slow wave line, thus guarantee the realization of antenna technology index.
The present invention adopts phasescan on azimuth plane, and pitching face adopts frequency scanning, and slow wave line provides the phase gradient required for antenna element frequency scanning, thus the frequency scanning on the pitching face of completing.Whole front adopts triangular lattice arrangement, and can effectively reduce antenna element number, and reduce the mutual coupling between unit, relative bandwidth reaches 14.7%, belongs to broad-band antenna array in field of radar; Azimuth plane phasescan angle, pitching face frequency-scan angular are all greater than 60 °.Result of calculation shows: within the scope of full bandwidth, and X-band broadband provided by the present invention frequently phase scanning array antenna azimuth plane minor level is better than-25dB, and pitching face minor level is better than-20dB; The gain of whole aerial array (64 row) reaches 34dB when not scanning.Compared with the frequency-scanned array of conventional waveguide crack, this array antenna can not only realize the frequency scanning of high efficiency, wide-angle, (antenna element and slow wave line are from structure very thin thickness also to have low section, in tile form, be convenient to carry out plug-in type assembling), compact conformation, lightweight advantage, and be convenient to the expansion realizing large array antenna.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is large-scale X-band broadband of the present invention phase scanning array antenna entirety arrangement schematic perspective view frequently.
Fig. 2 is the antenna element array enlarged diagram be arranged in Fig. 1 on reflecting plate.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram in top down perspective of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the A direction view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the full sectional view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the banded circuit topological structure schematic diagram frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 of the U-shaped air be placed in slow wave line stuffing box 30.
Fig. 7 is the banded wideband phase matching network schematic diagram frequently swept on slow wave line 5 of U-shaped air in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is that the wideband phase matching network in Fig. 7 improves phase slope and changes conforming schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the banded rectangular coaxial line schematic diagram frequently swept on slow wave line 5 of U-shaped air in Fig. 6.
Figure 10 to be aerial array of the present invention in pitching face sweep frequently-34 ° time antenna pattern.
Figure 11 to be aerial array of the present invention in pitching face sweep frequently 29 ° time antenna pattern.
The antenna pattern that Figure 12 is aerial array of the present invention when azimuth plane sweeps-30 ° mutually.
Figure 13 is the banded standing wave pattern frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 of U-shaped air in Fig. 6.
In figure: 1 microwave enclosure, 2 antenna element arrays, 3 antenna-reflected plates, 4 slots, 5U shape air is banded sweeps slow wave line frequently, 6 astronomical cycle supporting box, 7 slow wave line output ports, 8 wideband phase matching networks, 9 blindmate sockets, 10 slow wave lines the 2nd submatrix, 11 slow wave lines the 3rd submatrix, 12 slow wave lines the 4th submatrix, 13 slow wave lines the 5th submatrix, 14 branch couplers, 15 first metallic cavity, 16 slow wave line metallic cavity inwalls, 17 metal partion (metp)s, 18 rectangular coaxial lines, 19 slow wave lines the 1st submatrix, 20 dielectric support, 21 second metallic cavity, 22 slow wave line input ports, 23 air strip line metal conduction bands, 24 inner wires, 25 rectangular coaxial line Supporting Medias, 26 the 1st road signal output parts, 27 the 2nd road signal output parts, 28 the 3rd road signal output parts, 29 the 4th road signal output parts, 30 sweep slow wave line stuffing box frequently, 31 metal grizzly bars, 32 mounting screw holes.
Embodiment
Consult Fig. 1-Fig. 5.A kind of large-scale X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, comprising: the microwave enclosure 1 of placement T/R assembly, m array antenna cell array 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31, antenna-reflected plate 3, m sweep slow wave line stuffing box 30 and astronomical cycle supporting box 6 frequently.Wherein, microwave enclosure 1 is for laying T/R assembly, and T/R assembly is used for the transmitting and receiving of signal, includes the phase shifter for azimuth plane phasescan in T/R assembly.Frequently sweep slow wave line stuffing box 30 for m to be all placed in astronomical cycle supporting box 6 by slot 4.M array antenna cell array 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31 all installation by adhering on antenna-reflected plate 3.In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, m array antenna cell array 2 is with triangular lattice arrangement, and this triangular lattice arrangement mode is that antenna half antenna element separation that mutually staggers between the column and the column carries out arrangement group battle array.The object adopting rounded projections arranged is to reduce antenna element number.
In Fig. 2, m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31 is arranged in m array antenna cell array 2 uniformly, the central axis namely between every two array antennas is laid a metal grizzly bar 31, and the effect of metal grizzly bar 31 improves array broadband coupling, increases aerial array sweep limits.The size of metal grizzly bar 31 can be calculated by the optimization of AnsoftHFSS 3 D electromagnetic simulation software.In Fig. 2, m array antenna cell array 2, all installation by adhering is on antenna-reflected plate 3 for m-1 row metal grizzly bar 31, and then antenna-reflected plate 3 is fastened on above astronomical cycle supporting box 6 by mounting screw holes 32.Each frequency is swept in slow wave line stuffing box 30 and has been settled the banded frequency of a row U-shaped air to sweep slow wave line 5.Frequently m row slow wave line in slow wave line stuffing box 30 and m array antenna one_to_one corresponding is swept for m.Each array antenna comprises 18 antenna elements, and each antenna element has an input port; Slow wave line below each array antenna unit includes 18 output ports, and the blindmate connector of band self-locking that what 18 output ports of slow wave line adopted is, this blindmate connector is installed on the outside of frequently sweeping slow wave line stuffing box 30.There is the antenna element array 2 of blindmate socket, insert the banded slow wave line frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 of U-shaped air shown in Fig. 6 and export on the blindmate socket 9 of antenna.Utilize existing computer technology to carry out Electromagnetic Simulation in conjunction with AnsoftHFSS simulation software, the frequency that can complete air strip line version sweeps slow wave line design.The two-dimensional electric scanning array be made up of m array antenna cell array 2, azimuth plane in figure 3 provides the phase gradient needed for scanning by the phase shifter comprised in T/R transmitting-receiving subassembly, completes phasescan; Pitching face is in figure 3 swept slow wave line provide phase gradient needed for scanning by being built in the frequently frequency swept in slow wave line stuffing box 30, completes frequency scanning.Antenna array unit scale can be 64 × 18, and unit number can reach 1152.Frequently sweeping aerial array mutually can have 64 T/R assemblies to whole two dimension, and each row U-shaped air is banded, and sweeping slow wave line 5 uses a T/R member actuation respectively frequently.
Consult Fig. 6.Whole U-shaped air is banded frequently to be swept slow wave line 5 and is positioned at and frequently sweeps slow wave line stuffing box 30, the banded frequency of U-shaped air is swept slow wave line 5 and is made up of certain thickness, continuous bend, the U-shaped metal conduction band be suspended in ambient air medium, and the upper and lower of air dielectric is all metal level.Need during use to adopt dielectric support 20 to support.This metal conduction band be suspended in air dielectric is exactly air strip line structure.Dielectric support 20 is a cylindrical structural, and dielectric constant is 2.2.The banded upper and lower frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 of whole U-shaped air is metal cover board, the metal cover board of upper and lower constitutes metallic cavity, whole U-shaped air is banded frequently to be swept slow wave line 5 and is just suspended in this metallic cavity, and this metallic cavity is whole in inverted L-shaped, thus constitutes and frequently sweep slow wave line stuffing box 30.Often the banded slow wave line 5 of frequently sweeping of row U-shaped air comprises several and outputs to the feed output port of antenna element and the slow wave line submatrix of connection in series-parallel form, and often sweep slow wave line submatrix contains again the feed output port that several output to plane printing element antenna unit to row frequently.U-shaped air is banded, and sweeping slow wave line 5 can be divided into 5 slow wave line submatrixs frequently.In other words, often row are frequently swept slow wave line submatrix and can be made up of the slow wave line submatrix of five connection in series-parallel forms.The slow wave line submatrix of five connection in series-parallel forms comprises slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 and slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19.The benefit that such process brings is: can independently design, and reduces design difficulty; Adopt submatrix independently to process, can difficulty of processing be reduced.Slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 are linked together by rectangular coaxial line 18 with slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 respectively.For this reason, slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 can be provided with 18 slow wave line output ports 7.The preferred embodiments of the present invention are: slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10 comprises 5 slow wave line output ports 7, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11 comprises 4 slow wave line output ports 7, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 comprises 3 slow wave line output ports 7, and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 comprises 6 slow wave line output ports 7.Described slow wave line output port 7 exports antenna blindmate socket 9 to 18 slow wave lines frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 respectively by low-loss flexible cable and is connected.This low-loss flexible cable one end can adopt welding manner to be connected with slow wave line output port 7, and the other end and slow wave line export antenna blindmate socket 9 to and adopt blindmate plug-in type to be connected.
Each row U-shaped air is banded frequently to be swept slow wave line 5 and is sealed in and frequently sweeps in slow wave line stuffing box, frequently sweeping slow wave line stuffing box is divided into two metallic cavity by metal partion (metp) 17, slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 are assemblied in the first metallic cavity 15, slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 is assemblied in the second metallic cavity 21, and slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 is a cascaded structure.The banded slow wave line 5 of frequently sweeping of U-shaped air has certain distance apart with slow wave line metallic cavity inwall 16.Slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 is provided with the 1st road signal output part 26 of corresponding slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13,2nd road signal output part the 27,3rd road signal output part 28 and the 4th road signal output part 29.1st road signal output part 26, it is in parallel with the head end of slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 respectively that 2nd road signal output part the 27,3rd road signal output part 28 and the 4th road signal output part 29 sequentially pass through above-mentioned metal partion (metp) 17.
U-shaped air is banded frequently to be swept slow wave line 5 and adopts the version of air strip line form and branch coupler 14 to complete power division, is embodied as and reduces antenna side lobe level and the amplitude weighting that adopts.The metal conduction band U-bend tune of each slow wave line submatrix is at least gone here and there and has a branch coupler 14.Each row U-shaped air is banded, and sweeping slow wave line 5 uses a T/R member actuation respectively frequently, ratio determination power division is distributed according to the power magnitude required for each output port 7, introduce wideband phase matching network 8 at straight-through end or coupled end, the output phase place of branch coupler 14 two delivery outlets is consistent with the slope of frequency change.Output port 7 place that wideband phase matching network 8 is positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 need into horizontal phasing control, its effect is consistent at the change of the phase slope of each output port, thus ensure the phase place change requirement of frequency scanning antenna.
Slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19 transmitting input according to the requirement of amplitude and phase place and signal output stream to being divided into 4 tunnels, transmitting from slow wave line input port 22 of input enters slow wave line the 1st submatrix 19, slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12 and slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 is fed to respectively by the 1st road signal output part the 26,2nd road signal output part 27, the 3rd road signal output part 28, the 4th road signal output part 29.The partitioning standards of slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 for: distribute ratio (have employed Taylor's distribution of-33dB in this example) according to the power magnitude required for each output port 7 and determine.
Consult Fig. 7, Fig. 8.Because the wave phase exported through branch coupler 14 two delivery outlets differs from about 90 °, and sweep phase characteristic requirement in order to satisfied frequency, tackling it compensates, and its phase slope is changed consistent, thus ensures the phase place change requirement of frequency scanning antenna.In order to adjust this slope, a wideband phase matching network 8 can be introduced at straight-through end or coupled end, this network can see the low pass filter that has linear phase response characteristic as, this filter phases is utilized to postpone, the characteristic of flexible change phase slope, can make the phase place of two slow wave line output ports substantially identical with frequency change slope.Therefore, the wideband phase matching network adopted in the present invention is different from the filter in general microwave system, and the filter Main Function in general microwave system has been He Ne laser function.The method realizing inductance in low pass filter and electric capacity with microwave network element has three kinds substantially: high low-impedance line method, open circuit closed stub method and lumped elements method.At stub lengths very in short-term, high impedance line can be equivalent to a lumped elements series inductance, and low-impedance line can be equivalent to a lumped elements shunt capacitance.
Be positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix 10, slow wave line the 3rd submatrix 11, slow wave line the 4th submatrix 12, slow wave line the 5th submatrix 13 need to be made up of the branch lines of three joints perpendicular to slow wave line output port 7 into the wideband phase matching network 8 at output port 7 place of horizontal phasing control, its effect is consistent at the change of the phase slope of each output port.A branch coupler 14 adds the result of calculation of broadband phase matching network 8, is normalized in one-period shown in Fig. 5.As can be seen from the figure, through the acting in conjunction of coupler 14 and wideband phase matching network 8, branch coupler 14 two delivery outlets are made to export phase places basically identical with the slope of frequency change.
Consult Fig. 9.The inner wire 24 of rectangular coaxial line to be supported in rectangular channel the rectangular channel of 4 submatrixs (4 that metal partion (metp) 17 relevant position is opened between cavity connect respectively) by rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25, air strip line metal conduction band 23 connects firmly at the two ends of rectangular coaxial line rectangular metal cavity, inner wire 24 impedance of coaxial line
In formula, η
0=377 (Ω) are the wave impedance under free space, ε
r=2.2 is dielectric permittivity, w is the width of the metallic inner conductor 24 of rectangular coaxial line, t is the thickness of the metallic inner conductor 24 of rectangular coaxial line, a is the width of rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25, b is the height of rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25, the above parameters of suitable selection, can make the impedance of rectangular coaxial line be 50 ohm at calculated rate place.Inlay for convenience, rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25 can be divided into the processing of upper and lower two parts, between cavity, the rectangular channel that 4 connect 4 submatrixs is opened in metal partion (metp) 17 relevant position, for laying the whole rectangular coaxial line Supporting Media 25 being inlaid with rectangular coaxial line metallic inner conductor 24.Total is easy to process, only need be connected by the rectangular channel on metal partion (metp) 17, and not only connect reliable, simultaneously unsettled to two ends air strip line serves supporting role.
Consult Figure 10, Figure 11.Sets forth antenna pattern when frequently sweeping-34 °, 29 ° in figure, minor level is better than-25dB ,-21.2dB respectively.For a series feed linear array, change its operating frequency, the phase relation of array unit is and then change just, and beam position changes thereupon, Here it is frequency-scanned array.In linear array, any two adjacent radiation units, the feeder line that length differs L with having same phase constant carrys out feed, and this just produces a phase difference between these two adjacent radiation units
In formula, λ
grepresent wavelength in feeder line.
Obviously, when L is certain, λ is changed
g, namely change main frequency,
just change, the beam position of antenna array also just changes thereupon, and wave beam scans in other words, the basic physical concept of Here it is frequency scanning antenna.
Consult Figure 12.Give the antenna pattern sweeping-30 ° mutually in figure, phasescan has been come by 64 phase shifters, now can think that the directional diagram of scanning ± 30 ° is symmetrical, therefore only provide the antenna pattern of-30 °.Minor level is better than-25dB.
Consult Figure 13.Wherein f0, f1, f2 represent centre frequency, operating frequency low frequency end, operating frequency front end respectively.In whole frequency band, the banded standing wave frequently sweeping slow wave line 5 of U-shaped air is better than 1.6, its relative bandwidth (f2-f1)/f0 × 100%=14.7%.Therefore aerial array of the present invention belongs to broad-band antenna array in field of radar.
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, the equivalent transformation of similar homogeneous structure, all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind large-scale X-band broadband phase scanning array antenna frequently, comprise: m array antenna cell array (2), m-1 row metal grizzly bar (31), microwave enclosure (1) and m for placing T/R assembly sweep slow wave line stuffing box (30) by slot (4) frequency be placed in astronomical cycle supporting box (6), it is characterized in that: m array antenna cell array (2) arranges with triangular lattice, stagger half antenna element separation arrangement group battle array between the column and the column mutually, m-1 row metal grizzly bar (31) is distributed in the grid of m array antenna cell array (2), be embedded on the antenna-reflected plate (3) of astronomical cycle supporting box (6) top, m array antenna cell array (2) and the banded frequency of m row U-shaped air sweep slow wave line (5) one_to_one corresponding composition frequency scanning antenna row, directly insert the banded frequency of the m row U-shaped air corresponded below antenna-reflected plate (3) sweep in slow wave line (5) by blindmate mode, each row U-shaped air is banded frequently to be swept slow wave line (5) and comprises several and output to the feed output port of antenna element and the slow wave line submatrix of connection in series-parallel form, the banded metallic cavity of frequently sweeping slow wave line (5) of whole U-shaped air be divide into two parts by metal partion (metp) (17) structure, controls amplitude and the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of each feed port, each row U-shaped air is banded, and sweeping slow wave line (5) uses a T/R member actuation respectively frequently, ratio determination power division is distributed according to the power magnitude required for each output port (7), and adopt the version of air strip line form and branch coupler (14), the phase gradient required for antenna element frequency scanning is provided, wideband phase matching network (8) is introduced at the straight-through end of every road slow wave line or coupled end, branch coupler (14) and wideband phase matching network (8) acting in conjunction, make the output phase place of branch coupler (14) two delivery outlets be consistent with the slope of frequency change.
2. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 1 phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: often row are frequently swept slow wave line submatrix and are made up of the slow wave line submatrix of five connection in series-parallel forms, and five connection in series-parallel slow wave line submatrixs comprise slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19), slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13).
3. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 2 phase scanning array antenna frequently, is characterized in that: slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12), slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) are linked together by rectangular coaxial line (18) with slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) respectively.
4. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 3 phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: each row U-shaped air is banded frequently to be swept slow wave line (5) and be sealed in and frequently sweep in slow wave line stuffing box (30), frequently sweeping slow wave line stuffing box (30) is divided into two metallic cavity by metal partion (metp) (17), slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) are assemblied in the first metallic cavity (15), slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) is assemblied in the second metallic cavity (21), slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) is a cascaded structure.
5. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 2 phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) is provided with the 1st road signal output part (26) of corresponding slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13), 2nd road signal output part (27), the 3rd road signal output part (28) and the 4th road signal output part (29); 1st road signal output part (26), 2nd road signal output part (27), it is in parallel with the head end of slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) respectively that the 3rd road signal output part (28) and the 4th road signal output part (29) sequentially pass through above-mentioned metal partion (metp) (17).
6. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 2 phase scanning array antenna frequently, it is characterized in that: slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19) transmitting input according to the requirement of amplitude and phase place and signal output stream to being divided into 4 tunnels, transmitting from slow wave line input port (22) of input enters slow wave line the 1st submatrix (19), respectively by the 1st road signal output part (26), 2nd road signal output part (27), 3rd road signal output part (28), 4th road signal output part (29) is fed to slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12) and slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13).
7. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 2 phase scanning array antenna frequently, is characterized in that: be positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12), slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) need to be made up of the branch lines of three joints perpendicular to slow wave line output port (7) into the wideband phase matching network (8) at output port (7) place of horizontal phasing control.
8. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 1 phase scanning array antenna frequently, is characterized in that: at least go here and there on the metal conduction band U-bend tune of each slow wave line submatrix and have a branch coupler (14).
9. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 6 phase scanning array antenna frequently, is characterized in that: output port (7) place that wideband phase matching network (8) is positioned at slow wave line the 2nd submatrix (10), slow wave line the 3rd submatrix (11), slow wave line the 4th submatrix (12), slow wave line the 5th submatrix (13) need into horizontal phasing control.
10. the large-scale X-band broadband of one according to claim 1 phase scanning array antenna frequently, is characterized in that: wideband phase matching network (8) is a low pass filter with linear phase response characteristic.
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| CN105514566B (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2018-02-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Millimeter wave tile style phased array antenna TR components |
| CN109546356B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2022-03-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Inverted L-shaped printed oscillator antenna array device based on hybrid feed network |
| CN110011040A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-07-12 | 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 | Phase scanning array antenna and mobile terminal |
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