CN101551164A - Sunshine tracking and concentrating method and tracking-mode solar concentrating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a sunshine tracking and concentrating method and a tracking-mode solar concentrating device, which belong to the field of high temperature applications of solar energy and can be applied in industrial production and heat sources for heating in life. The tracking solar concentrating device is the non-electric control tracking solar concentrating device which is mainly used for solving the problem of higher cost of an electric control high-temperature solar furnace device. A rotating rod (2) is connected with a shaft of a plane mirror (29), one end of a telescopic support (3) is connected with a shaft of a rotary support (35), and the other end thereof is connected with the first plane mirror (29). The first step is to lead the rotating rod (2) to be parallel to an earth axis of the earth, the second step is to lead an angle of a conical curved surface of 45 degrees on a normal line (28) and the rod (2) to be one half of a declination angle at the day, when the maximum sunshine height angle is achieved and the time is accurate to seconds, the rotary support (35) is synchronously driven with the sun, thereby obtaining reflected light (34) which is coincided with the rod (2) and consistent in the direction, and a plurality of the devices can achieve the condensing heating effect.

Description

Sunshine tracking and concentrating method and tracking-mode solar concentrating device

Technical field

The present invention relates in the Application of Solar Energy field sunlight is followed the tracks of and method and a kind of tracking-mode solar concentrating device of optically focused the solar energy high temperature application apparatus of particularly a kind of non-automatically controlled, accurate tracking sunlight and optically focused.

Background technology

Solar energy is human important resource, and how making the increase of solar energy metric density easily in the existence of Application of Solar Energy field is the problem of extensive optically focused.Because the sun is the light source of motion, the difficult point that solves extensive optically focused problem is, how with easy method and low cost and reliable device is followed the tracks of sunshine, with many level crossings solar ray collecting arrived a bit then.The present stage people solve the method and apparatus of tracking and optically focused, adopt optical sensor more, and there is the high shortcoming of cost in control panels such as electronic installation.As China Patent No.: 00135854.5 publication number 1361397, as China Patent No.: 200410104079.9 publication number CN1789858.The method and apparatus of non-automatically controlled solution tracking and optically focused is inaccuracy again.As China Patent No.: 200610137968.4 publication number CN1945163A, as China Patent No.: 200610017032.8 publication number CN101109581, as China Patent No.: 200610200777.8 publication number CN101004298.So the equipment of low cost, accurate tracking sunshine and optically focused is the key of widespread usage solar energy, retrieval does not have the patent report of similar tracking and concentrating device.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention is intended to solve in the Application of Solar Energy field, how need not control panel, and tracks sunlight easily, and with a kind of method of many level crossing optically focused, with a kind of solar energy high temperature application apparatus of non-automatically controlled, whole integrated and low energy consumption tracks sunlight and optically focused, be industrial production and new forms of energy firing equipment in life.

The method of tracks sunlight in a kind of Application of Solar Energy of technical scheme field, the place of face of land palpus tracks sunlight, set a straight line that is parallel to the earth's axis from this point, make on the straight line that is parallel to the earth's axis, the straight line of the tracks sunlight that any point sets out, and the angle that is parallel between the straight line of the earth's axis changes, and is identical with the angle variation of ground between centers with sunlight, gets final product tracks sunlight.

Principle, the angle of the earth's axis and sunlight is because the rotation of the earth has following rule with revolution: the earth's axis becomes a plane with the sunlight ray intersection at any one time, in earth rotation and the revolution motion at following a moment, the earth's axis and sunlight intersect and become another plane again, add up all planes in the whole tropic year, wherein the crossing angular relationship of the earth's axis and sunlight is the conical track of class that cone angle changes.The straight line that is parallel to the earth's axis that we set up, arbitrary moment is all parallel with the earth's axis, again because sunlight is directional light, so the angle that earth's axis parallel lines and sunlight intersect is two identical amounts of equal and opposite in direction direction with the earth's axis with the angle that sunlight intersects.So, as long as " straight line of tracks sunlight and the crossing angle of the straight line that is parallel to the earth's axis " kept consistent with " angle that the earth's axis and sunlight intersect ", and, at the uniform velocity rotate the straight line that is parallel to the earth's axis with the sunlight direction of motion by rotating a circle a true solar day on the same day, can accurate tracking sunlight.

Method is as follows: (1) determines " carving facade the most in short-term " of the place sunlight shade that a certain point in the face of land is a tracks sunlight.Implement the previous day of sunshine tracking or a few days ago, the high noon on this geographic significance of the record face of land, promptly this sun altitude was constantly maximum constantly.This constantly every day difference, this the time the set a date heart and the earth's core line (this line is virtual line herein) intersect with the meridian at this place, the face of land, this point of this moment face of land intersects in the plane of being established at the sunlight and the earth's axis, is referred to as " carving facade the most in short-term " on this plane of this paper.This constantly feature be, the line segment of this vertical level of the face of land, the shade length of its sunlight shade on horizontal plane is the shortest in the whole day.This paper with the face of land this perpendicular to the sunlight shade length the shortest (elevation angle maximum) of horizontal plane line segment this constantly, the called after face of land should " moment at high noon ".And this is the line segment of this vertical level constantly, overlaps with " carving facade the most in short-term " with the plane that its shade is established, so can determine " carving facade the most in short-term " thus, should " carving facade the most in short-term " must pass two earth's axis points of earth south poles.And this point is set a straight line from the face of land, will make this straight line parallel in the earth's axis, is called accurate earth's axis parallel lines.(2) determine declination angle on the same day.Implement the sunshine tracking declination angle on the same day by calculating, but indirect calculation goes out the angle of the sunlight and the earth's axis.Make the angle of the straight line and the accurate earth's axis parallel lines of the tracks sunlight of setting out on the accurate earth's axis parallel lines, with the same day sunlight identical with the angle of the earth's axis.Make the straight line of accurate earth's axis parallel lines and tracks sunlight, all be in " carving facade the most in short-term ".(3) determine earth's axis parallel lines.Implement sunshine tracking same day, make the angle of accurate earth's axis parallel lines and horizontal plane identical with the latitude of this point.Perhaps when arriving this point " high noon constantly ", in " carving facade the most in short-term ", be axle with this point of the face of land, regulate the angle of accurate earth's axis parallel lines and horizontal plane, make the straight line and sunlight light coincidence or parallel of tracks sunlight, at this moment accurate earth's axis parallel lines position is parallel with the earth's axis, is called earth's axis parallel lines.(4) at this point " high noon constantly ", the straight line that makes tracks sunlight is around earth's axis parallel lines, time on true solar day with the same day that rotates a circle rotates with sunlight, the angle that keeps the straight line and the earth's axis parallel lines of tracks sunlight simultaneously, identical with sunlight with the variation of the angle of the earth's axis, get final product tracks sunlight.And determined earth's axis parallel lines, just do not needed repetitive operation step (1), (2), (3) later on.Declination angle wherein, can be from " solar energy SOLAR ENERGY " periodical, International Standard Serial Number: ISSN1003-0417, domestic unified edition number CN11-1660,1999 the 2nd phase No.2 start-stop page numbers: 8-10 page or leaf, try to achieve in the middle of the computing formula of the WangBing Zhong researcher of China Meterological Science Research Institute about declination angle, the angle that is the earth's axis and sunlight can be tried to achieve indirectly by the declination angle, take passages as follows, the line at center, day ground and the angle between the equatorial plane change constantly, this angle is called declination angle, and it equals zero constantly at spring and fall equinoxes, and is carved with extreme value when the Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice, be respectively positive and negative 23.442 °, promptly be the center with the equatorial plane, partially north pole side be on the occasion of, inclined to one side south pole side is a negative value.Declination angle ED=0.3723+23.2567sin θ+0.1149sin2 θ-0.1712sin3 θ-0.758cos θ+0.3656cos2 θ+0.0201cos3 θ, (ED unit is metric degree).Time difference Et=0.0028-1.9857sin θ+9.9059sin2 θ-7.0924cos θ-0.6882cos2 θ, (Et unit is metric minute), θ is a day angle, i.e. θ=2 π t/365.2422, and t is made up of two parts again here, be t=N-No, wherein N is a day of year, is exactly date serial number within the year, and the day of year on January 1 is 1, the day of year in December 31 non-leap year is 365, and the leap year then is 366 or the like.No=79.6764+0.2422 * (time-1985)-INT[(time-1985)/4].π is 180 ° when calculating with angle system.

Concrete grammar is as follows: the moment of accurately determining earth's axis parallel lines and sun altitude maximum is a key herein.This paper is that standard is come reference with Chinese calendar all except that 2 sentence, and is that 120 ° of east longitudes are standard with Beijing time, and west longitude is the date line of demarcation for 60 °; And be can't implement the adjusting time to follow the tracks of and optically focused on the Summer Solstice and same day winter solstice in this programme." time difference " herein refers to the time difference between true solar day and mean solar day, and the time differences of causing owing to longitude is different between various places called after " the geographical time difference " in this article.Implement to follow the tracks of the place of operation in this article, its " high noon constantly " be sun altitude maximum constantly Beijing time (must be accurate to second), should " high noon constantly " declination angle (must be accurate to 0.001 degree), true solar day on the same day (must be accurate to second) and the same day declination angle variable quantity (must be accurate to 0.001 degree) very important to sunshine tracking; Beijing time that this day ground line of centres, arrival implement to follow the tracks of meridian (this meridian must be accurate to 0.001 degree) this moment at operation place, place must be accurate to second, and this moment declination angle must be accurate to 0.001 degree.Setting Et is the time difference, and Δ S is the poor of true solar day and mean solar day, and Δ S and Et are respectively the difference and the time difference of the true mean solar day on the corresponding same day in the literary composition.Determine " high noon constantly " of point 101, this point 101 constantly is in " carving facade the most in short-term ", and the characteristics in this moment are, line segment 113 is the shortest in whole day in the shade length on the horizontal plane, and this is the unification of observation and calculated value constantly.Setting Sz is the true solar time, and Sp is the mean solar time, and this formula of formula 1:Sz=Sp+Et is existing true mean solar time reduction formula of generally acknowledging.Setting Z is true solar day, be that the needed time of same meridian circle is passed through twice in succession in the sun center true solar day, it is twice time of sun center and the earth's core line by same longitude, Z can be expressed as 24 hours+Δ S (Δ S deducted the poor of mean solar day the true solar day of every day true solar day, otherwise be on the occasion of for negative value greater than mean solar day Δ S true solar day, and be between 29 seconds to negative 21 seconds the whole year).Can create in this article thus and derive following formula is formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4.If n is arbitrary day in the whole year, n+1 is second day of this day, point 101 is 120 ° of east longitudes, arbitrary day n zero hour, the line at center, day ground is in 60 ° in west longitude, the true solar time equals 0 when being true solar day zero, and the mean solar time is SP (n), and promptly during true solar time the zero and pass of mean solar time is 0=SP (n)+Et (n).Through the line at center, ground after a while day during again in 60 ° in west longitude, this is i.e. second day n+1 days the beginning finish time of arbitrary day n constantly, this time period is i.e. 24 hours+Δ S on a complete true solar day, when at this moment the true solar time still is zero, i.e. and 0=SP (n+1)+Et (n+1).Owing to passed through 24 hours+Δ S this section period, so mean solar time SP (n+1)=SP (n)+Δ S of arbitrary day n finish time, in 0=SP (n)+Et (n) and 0=SP (n+1)+Et (n+1) two formulas, can obtain Δ S=[Et (n)-Et (n+1)], so Z=24 hour+[Et (n)-Et (n+1)].In like manner the derivation in other places is same as described above, for example put 101 longitude in the time of 0 °, the date line of demarcation is that (first place is not that 120 ° of east longitudes are standard with Beijing time to 180 ° of east longitudes, west longitude is the date line of demarcation for 60 °), then use the GMT to derive, Z still be 24 hours+[Et (n)-Et (n+1)].Conclusion: thus the true solar day of the arbitrary day n of face of land any point 101 in the whole year be Z=24 hour+[Et (n)-Et (n+1)].Obtain formula 2: poor Δ S=[Et (the n)-Et (n+1) that deducts mean solar day the true solar day of arbitrary day n].

The true solar time of 120 ° of east longitudes " high noon constantly " be (24 hours+Δ S)/2, and (Sp was the mean solar time of east longitude on the same day 120 ° " moment at high noon ", and Et is the time difference of 120 ° of east longitudes on the same day in promptly 12 hours+(Δ S/2)=Sp+Et.Below will provide day heart and the earth's core line, intersect time difference Et constantly, the time difference Et of promptly arbitrary meridian " high noon constantly ") with arbitrary meridian.And complete true solar day of the same day, sunlight light turns over a week 360 ° longitude, and the longitude that then average per second sunlight turns over is 360 ° of ÷ (24 * 60 * 60+ Δ S).Then 60 ° of beginnings of west longitude are " high noon constantly " of direction any point to be with its east side: to the east of 60 ° in west longitude and west longitude differ from 360 ° of ÷ (24 * 60 * 60+ Δ S) longitude for 60 °, the true solar time of this point " high noon is constantly " is 1 second.If H is the multiple of 360 ° of ÷ (24 * 60 * 60+ Δ S), H [360 ° of ÷ (24 * 60 * 60+ Δ S)] longitude of difference, then the true solar time of this point is H second, the true solar time of this point " high noon is constantly " is H second, writes down this data.The true solar time of this point " high noon constantly " is formula 3:H=Sp+Et (Sp is the mean solar time of this point on the same day " high noon constantly ", and Et is the time difference of this point on the same day, i.e. the time difference of this place longitude on same day " high noon constantly ").So the mean solar time Sp (Beijing time) of face of land any point " high noon constantly " can obtain.For example east longitude is 179.55 °, on September 22nd, 2006, the Beijing time at " high noon constantly " is: with the calculating of Et formula as can be known on September 22nd, 2,006 60 ° in west longitude the time difference be 7 minutes and 15.53 seconds, the time difference of 60 ° in west longitude on September 23rd, 2006 is 7 minutes and 37.72 seconds, then Δ S is-22.19 seconds.179.55 ° of east longitudes and west longitude differ 120.45 ° for 60 °, H is 120.45 ° of ÷ [360 ° ÷ (24 * 60 * 60-22.19)]=28900.58 seconds, then 179.55 ° of east longitudes in the true solar times of " high noon constantly " on September 22nd, 2006 are: 28900.58 seconds=Sp+7 divides 23 seconds (7 minutes 23 seconds being the Et of 179.55 ° of east longitudes on September 22nd, 2006), 40.58 seconds=Sp+7 divided 23 seconds in promptly 8 hours 1 minute, and promptly 179.55 ° of east longitudes were " high noon constantly " mean solar time (Beijing time) the Sp=7 point on September 22nd, 2,006 54 minutes and 17.58 seconds.

Fig. 1 mid point 101 is a face of land any point, straight line 102 is from putting the straight line of 101s, will make it be parallel to the earth's axis and be called accurate earth's axis parallel lines, point 109 any point on the earth's axis parallel lines 102 that is as the criterion, straight line 103 is for needing the straight line of tracks sunlight, straight line 110 and straight line 112 are the position of two to time-division straight line 103, straight line 105 and straight line 107 are the position of two to time-division sunlight, straight line 104 is the straight line of the some 108s from straight line 102, straight line 104 also is to be mapped to a little 108 sunlight light, its cathetus 104 from straight line 105 to straight line 107 and straight line 103 112 angle is 46 ° 52 from straight line 110 to straight line '.Straight line 106, straight line 111 are the straight line vertical with straight line 102, promptly the equinox sunlight and straight line 102 the position, comprise straight line 106 or straight line 111 and can be referred to as the equator parallel surface perpendicular to the plane of straight line 102.Line segment 113 on the point 101 perpendicular to the line segment of horizontal plane, straight line 28 is the normal from the level crossing 29 of putting 109s.Among Fig. 2: the earth's core is 0, line segment 113 on the point 101 perpendicular to the line segment of horizontal plane, the earth's axis is 114, the equator is 115, the intersection point of sunlight light and line segment 113 is a point 116, also is the summit of line segment 113, and sunlight light is 117a, 117b and 117c, horizontal plane is 120, and the intersection point 121 of sunlight and horizontal plane is the Q position.Wherein I for point 101 latitudes greater than the situation in 23 ° of 26 ' times, II for point 101 latitudes less than 23 ° 26 ' situation.

The operation of tracks sunlight is when the point 101 among Fig. 1 is positioned at the Northern Hemisphere.(1) " carving facade the most in short-term " of definite point 101.Implementation and operation a few days ago, should " carving facade the most in short-term " determine like this, an intersection point is at point 101 places, the summit aloft between 2 meters to 100 meters the height plumb line be line segment 113, the face of land at point 101 places is a horizontal plane, when reaching a little 101 " high noon constantly " that second, the sunlight shadow positions on plumb line summit under the mark, note because this position of sunlight diffraction phenomena is not easy direct observation, can be in the point of arrival 101 " high noon constantly " that second, mark day the heart and the plumb line summit between the extended line of line, and the joining of horizontal plane (being called the Q position): the angle that makes straight line L that a plumb line summit sets out (day heart is to the extended line of line between the plumb line summit) and plumb line, deducting a little with the latitude value of putting 101, the difference at 101 " high noon constantly " declination angle equates, in the point of arrival 101 " high noon constantly " that second, rotation plumb line, the straight line L that sets out when the plumb line summit referred in day during the heart, the joining of straight line L and horizontal plane is the Q position.The perhaps point of arrival 101 " high noon constantly " that second has an internal diameter to reach the straight tube on ground less than 5 mm lengths as place, plumb line summit, and the central point that sunlight light passes the hot spot that straight tube forms is the Q position.The facade perpendicular to horizontal plane that the summit of Q position, point 101 and plumb line is determined is " carving facade the most in short-term ".Make straight line 102, straight line 103, straight line 104 and straight line 106, all in " carving facade the most in short-term ".(2) determine the declination angle, implement to follow the tracks of and operate the same day, make the angle of straight line 104 and straight line 106, identical with the declination angle of putting 101 " high noon is constantly ".Can obtain the declination angle ED on the same day by declination angle formula, this declination angle is to be that standard is come reference during with GMT zero, and Beijing time was than promptly 1/3 day Zao 8 hours of GMT, therefore the declination angle of 60 ° in west longitude is made as ED ° in this article, in this day angle formula among θ=2 π t/365.2422, t=(N-1/3)-No, substitution ED formula can obtain ED °.See that from the arctic to the South Pole with 60 ° of beginnings of west longitude be direction clockwise, (being accurate to 1 spends when spending when point 101 longitude and 60 ° in west longitude differ from 1, less than 1 degree rounds up), t=(N-1/3+1/360)-No, substitution ED formula can obtain a little 101 declination angle, (establishing M differs longitude for both numerical value) t=[N-1/3+M * (1/360) when difference M spends]-No, this formula called after formula 4, substitution ED formula obtains the declination angle that a little 101 same day, the sunlight shade was carved the most in short-term and is made as ED ¹The declination angle of promptly putting 101 " high noon constantly " is made as ED at this paper ¹In like manner with t=[N-1/3+M * (1/360)]-No substitution Et, obtain some time difference of 101 " high noon is constantly ".And make straight line 103 parallel with straight line 104.(3) determine earth's axis parallel lines.Implementation and operation same day is in " carving facade the most in short-term ", make that straight line 102 is an axle to put 101, make straight line 102 equate that with the latitude value of putting 101 (among Fig. 2: the straight line 102 of figure I or figure II is that ∠ 102,101,120 these angles are made as α with the angle of horizontal plane 120 with the angle of horizontal plane, line segment 113 is a face of land tangent plane perpendicular to horizontal plane, and the extended line of line segment 113 must pass the earth's core O; The earth's axis parallel lines 102 of point 101 are parallel with the earth's axis 114, and line segment 113 equates to be ∠ 102,101,116=∠ 114,0,116 with both angles, equate with its corresponding angles of straight line that two parallel lines intersect simultaneously.90 ° of latitudes that deduct ∠ 114,0,116 for point 101,90 ° deduct ∠ 102,101,116 is α, so α equates with the latitude value of putting 101.In like manner that constantly at the point of arrival 101 " high noon constantly ", day heart is to the extended line L of line between the plumb line summit 116, be the angle ∠ 121,116,101 of 117a and plumb line 113, deducting a little with the latitude value of putting 101, the difference at 101 " high noon constantly " declination angle equates, because both are: the alternate interior angle that vertical straight line 113 and two parallel rays 117a and 117b intersect, alternate interior angle equates), at this moment the position of straight line 102 is the earth's axis parallel lines position of point 101.Perhaps when arriving the shortest this moment of line segment 113 shades, i.e. " high noon constantly " (should can obtain with formula 4 in " moment at high noon ") by formula 2, formula 3, in 5 seconds, make that straight line 102 is an axle to put 101, regulate the angle of straight line 102 and horizontal plane, 108 sunlight light overlaps or is parallel with being mapped to a little up to making straight line 104.At this moment the position of straight line 102 is the earth's axis parallel lines position of point 101.(4) when the point of arrival 101 " high noon constantly ", to rotate a time on a true solar day Monday, see clockwise with at the uniform velocity to point 108 from putting 109, and a time on a true solar day Monday drives straight line 102, straight line 103 is changed with respect to the angle of the equator parallel surface at straight line 111 places, identical with the variation at declination angle.Attention: earth's axis parallel lines 102 should be identical with the direction of the South Pole to the arctic.

Among Fig. 1 when point 101 during in the Southern Hemisphere, and use Chinese calendar to be reference, below two minutes two to be two minutes two of Northern Hemisphere meaning to, be that straight line 105 positions and straight line 110 positions are the moment in the Summer Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere in Winter Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere, straight line 107 positions and straight line 112 positions are the moment in Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere in the Summer Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere.Concrete grammar is as follows: the operation of tracks sunlight, step (1), (2), (3) are operated identical with the Northern Hemisphere.(4) when the point of arrival 101 " high noon constantly ", to rotate a time on a true solar day Monday, from put 109 to point 108 see counterclockwise with at the uniform velocity and a Monday time on a true solar day driving straight line 102, straight line 103 is changed with respect to the angle of the equator parallel surface at straight line 111 places, identical with the variation at declination angle.Attention: should be identical with the direction in the arctic to the South Pole from the straight line 102 of Ground Point 101s.

The concrete grammar of calibration earth's axis parallel lines is that step (1) and step (3) are identical with the tracking operation in the Northern Hemisphere.(2) determine the declination angle, the previous day of day in the Spring Equinox, we obtained the longitude in the first point of Aries moment in the Spring Equinox earlier, and the longitude of this point 101 just in time on the meridian in the first point of Aries, then makes straight line 104 overlap with straight line 106; As fruit dot 101 between the east side and 60 ° in west longitude of meridian in the first point of Aries, when point 101 is spent with the difference of longitude 1 in the first point of Aries, straight line 104 is γ day in Spring Equinox ÷ 360 with the angle of straight line 106, day in the Spring Equinox, whole day declination angle variable quantity was made as γ day in the Spring Equinox, this value for west longitude when 60 ° the Spring Equinox, day began the declination angle and the Spring Equinox declination angle poor during end of day.Straight line 104 is M * γ day in Spring Equinox ÷ 360 with the angle of straight line 106, and straight line 104 is in the southern side of straight line 106 (being partial to south pole side a little) (to establish M for differing numerical value) when difference M spends.As fruit dot 101 between the west side and 60 ° in west longitude of meridian in the first point of Aries, when point 101 longitude and the difference of longitude in the first point of Aries 1 are spent, straight line 104 is γ day in Spring Equinox ÷ 360 with the angle of straight line 106, straight line 104 was M * γ day in Spring Equinox ÷ 360 with the angle of straight line 106 when difference M spent, and made straight line 104 in the north side of straight line 106 (north pole side a little partially).(4) straight line 103 tracks sunlight are rotated, identical with the Northern Hemisphere or Southern Hemisphere operation.

Adding up each year, hour is standard to be accurate to, and is carved with when being carved into Winter Solstice when obtaining the Summer Solstice to add 12 hours 183 solar days, is carved with when being carved into the Autumnal Equinox during Summer Solstice to add 16 hours 93 solar days, is carved with when being carved into Winter Solstice during the Autumnal Equinox to add 20 hours 89 solar days.Be carved with when being carved into the Summer Solstice during Winter Solstice and add 18 hours 181 solar days, be carved with 89 solar days when being carved into the Spring Equinox during Winter Solstice, be carved with when being carved into the Summer Solstice during Spring Equinox and add 18 hours 92 solar days.Here beginning constantly the Summer Solstice through after 16 hours, the meridian at day line of centres place, ground is made as starting point, and the meridian of this starting point and the meridian of summer solstice differ 16 time zones.First day (the complete true solar day that begins with this starting point, be that second place is not that 120 ° of east longitudes are standard with Beijing time herein, 60 ° in west longitude is the date line of demarcation) the declination angle be made as ED (B1), declination angle after complete true solar day is made as ED (B2), in like manner obtain ED (B3) and other each values, until the moment preceding 20 hours of Winter Solstice.Constantly be made as ED (y1) in the declination angle of first point of Capricornus Winter Solstice, and the declination angle after complete true solar day is made as ED (y2), in like manner obtains ED (y3) and other each values, until the moment preceding 18 hours of the Summer Solstice.Selecting 2006 to 2007 each ED (B), ED (y) values in the complete tropic year in this article for use is standard.Actual annual ED (B1) has minor variations, and as selecting for use the ED of each year in 1949 to 2049 (B1) mean value to solve in order to improve precision, in like manner ED (B2), ED (y1), ED all available mean values such as (y2) solve.Look into calendar, the Summer Solstice in 2006 is 20: 26 on the 21st June constantly, summer solstice 6 ° 30 in west longitude ', the meridian in its 16 time zones, east be 113 ° 30 of east longitude ', be 12: 26 on the 22nd June of 2006 Beijing time the same day when heart and the earth's core line arrive this meridian, through type 3, formula 4 and ED formula, obtain ED (B1), be on June 23rd, 2006 through type 3, formula 4 and ED formula after the true solar day, obtain ED (B2), in like manner obtain each value such as ED (B3).Winter Solstice in 2006 is 8: 22 on the 22nd December constantly, first point of Capricornus 174 ° 30 of east longitude ', the this day heart and the earth's core line are 8: 22 on the 22nd December in 2006 when arriving this meridian, through type 3, formula 4 and ED formula obtain ED (y1), after the true solar day on December 23rd, 2006 through type 3, formula 4 and ED formula, obtain ED (y2), in like manner obtain each value such as ED (y3).In like manner draw ED (B94) and ED (y90) is the declination angle of the equinox.This paper to be declination angle, the time difference and true solar day being that " high noon constantly " tried to achieve on the basis, thereby determines earth's axis parallel lines and equator parallel surface; The accuracy on declination angle, the time difference and true solar day is influential to result of the present invention.Et is not a fixed value, the time difference over time curve in the Solar watch of Chinese astronomical yearbook, be loaded with the numerical value of Et every day deviation curve.

The method of sunshine tracking and optically focused, the earth's axis parallel lines that set out in the place of sunshine tracking and optically focused will be carried out in the face of land, the rotation that level crossing on the parallel lines rotates a true solar day Monday with sunlight, the level crossing normal on the earth's axis parallel lines and the angle of reflection ray, variation with the declination angle changes, thereby obtain the reverberation that overlaps with earth's axis parallel lines, and with the another side reflective mirror need heating object surface that flashes back the sunlight, some these structures can be finished the optically focused effect.

Illustrate level crossing 29 how with sunlight reflected to overlapping with earth's axis parallel lines, and it is constant to remain the reflection ray direction.From compulsory education standard test textbook, the physics grade eight first volume, the chapter 2 optical phenomenon, the 40th page of light reflection law: the straight line perpendicular to minute surface is called normal; The angle of incident ray and normal is called incidence angle; The angle of reflection ray and normal is called angle of reflection; Reflection ray, incident ray and normal are all in a plane in reflex; Reflection ray, incident ray separation normal both sides; Angle of reflection equals incidence angle.So, as long as it is the rotation of normal tracks sunlight that the normal of level crossing is remained on that sunlight intersects with earth's axis parallel lines and establish in the plane, and the angle of normal " sunlight with " and the angle of normal " reflection ray (earth's axis parallel lines) with " is equated, the sunlight of flat mirror reflects is overlapped with earth's axis parallel lines.Promptly put 101 on the Northern Hemisphere the time, from the Summer Solstice to Winter Solstice or from Winter Solstice to the Summer Solstice, (this light is point 101 to 109 directions to the angle of normal 28 and reflection ray, from putting the straight line that 109s and straight line 102 overlap), by 33 ° 17 ' change to 56 ° 43 ' or by 56 ° 43 ' be changed to 33 ° 17 ', the equinox, incident ray was perpendicular to earth's axis parallel lines, and normal 28 is 45 ° with the angle of reflection ray.Herein from putting 109, be all rays of 45 °, the tapered curved surface called after of the imaginary circles that is surrounded " 45 ° of taper seats " with the angle of the earth's axis parallel lines of point 101 to 109 directions.Normal 28 the Summer Solstice constantly with the angle of " 45 ° of taper seats " be 11 ° 43 ', be equal to 33 ° 17 of the angle of normal 28 and reflection ray ', Winter Solstice constantly with the angle of " 45 ° of taper seats " be-11 ° 43 ', be normal 28 with 56 ° 43 of the angle of reflection ray ', the equinox, normal 28 overlapped with " 45 ° of taper seats ", and promptly the angle of normal 28 and reflection ray is 45 °.

The moment of the sunlight elevation angle maximum in sunshine tracking and optically focused place will be carried out in the at first definite face of land of the operation of orienting reflex sunlight, (1), and this is accurate to second constantly; Promptly determine " carving facade the most in short-term "; Operating procedure (1) with sunshine tracking is identical, and makes straight line 102, straight line 104, straight line 106, line segment 113 and normal 28 all in " carving facade the most in short-term ".(2) angle of secondly definite declination angle and normal, the i.e. angle of normal and " 45 ° of taper seats "; Implement optically focused and operate the same day, in " carving facade the most in short-term ", make the angle of straight line 104 and straight line 106 and put the declination angle ED in 101 " moment at high noon " same day ¹Identical, making the normal 28 and the angle of " 45 ° of taper seats " is declination angle ED ¹/ 2.Make normal 28 between incident ray and reflection ray.(3) determine earth's axis parallel lines then; Operating procedure (3) with sunshine tracking is identical.(4) last and sunlight driven in synchronism earth's axis parallel lines.To rotate a time on a true solar day Monday, see and at the uniform velocity drive straight line 102 clockwise to point 108 from putting 109, the angle variable quantity that makes normal 28 and " 45 ° of taper seats " simultaneously is a declination angle variable quantity/2 on the same day, it is the angle variable quantity of normal 28 and reflection ray, all the time be incident ray and earth's axis parallel lines angle variable quantity 1/2, and make the angle change direction of normal 28 with respect to " 45 ° of taper seats ", identical with sunlight with the angle change direction of equator parallel surface.Above step (3) to (4) operation was finished in 5 seconds.Among Fig. 1 when point 101 during in the Southern Hemisphere, and use Chinese calendar to be reference, below two minutes two to be two minutes two of Northern Hemisphere meaning to, it is position 105 and position 110 the moment in the Summer Solstice for the Southern Hemisphere in Winter Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere, position 107 and post-11.2 are the moment in Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere in the Summer Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere, reflection ray is for 101 to 109 direction, from putting the light that 109s overlap with straight line 102.Normal 28 Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere constantly with the angle of " 45 ° of taper seats " be 11 ° 43 ', Summer Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere constantly with the angle of " 45 ° of taper seats " be-11 ° 43 ', overlap with " 45 ° of taper seats " equinox.The operation of orienting reflex sunlight, (1), (2), (3) step are operated identical with Northern Hemisphere optically focused.(4) to rotate a time on a true solar day Monday, from put 109 to point 108 see counterclockwise with at the uniform velocity and a Monday time on a true solar day driving straight line 102, make the angle variable quantity of normal 28 and " 45 ° of taper seats " simultaneously, be declination angle variable quantity/2 on the same day, and make the angle change direction of normal 28 with respect to " 45 ° of taper seats ", identical with sunlight with the angle change direction of equator parallel surface.Step (3) is answered in 5 seconds to (4) and is finished.

By above principle and method, the basic design of tracking mode concentrating device herein is that some directional reflective equipment (making the fixing equipment of sunlight reflected radiation direction) are arranged on the general frame, every cover directional reflective equipment comprises a up-right support on general frame, a straight-bar links to each other by axle with described up-right support, and one with dwang by the 3rd level crossing that axle is connected, regulate the dwang that is threaded with straight-bar, the reflection ray of level crossing is overlapped with earth's axis parallel lines, when level crossing rotates synchronously with the sunlight direction, under the effect of screw thread, dwang is with respect to straight-bar rotation and axial displacement, when promptly driving the level crossing rotation, changed the angle of its normal and earth's axis parallel lines, reflection ray is overlapped with earth's axis parallel lines all the time, become a light beam that direction is constant, reflection ray is mapped on second speculum, and second speculum can be that level crossing also can be concave mirror or convex lens.Final being mapped to again on the object that needs heating, the overall structure that this same directional reflective equipment of some (referring between 1 or 2 to 10000) is formed can produce industry or thermal source in life.

As the more suitable structure of first kind of technical scheme that realizes described basic design be: tracking-mode solar concentrating device, a general frame, driving arrangement, and second speculum, comprise some cover directional reflective equipment on the general frame, the described directional reflective equipment of every cover comprises a up-right support on general frame, the straight-bar that can adjust level angle links to each other by axle with described up-right support, and level crossing, the dwang that is nested together is connected by screw thread with described straight-bar, a described level crossing that fuses and an end of telescopic support, link to each other with dwang by the 3rd axle, the other end of telescopic support links to each other with runing rest by the 4th axle, be movably connected in the runing rest of post upper, gear on tooth on the runing rest edge and the described driving arrangement is meshing with each other, and the lower end of support bar links to each other with described straight-bar.

As the more suitable structure of second kind of technical scheme that realizes described basic design be: tracking-mode solar concentrating device, a general frame, driving arrangement, and second speculum, comprise some cover directional reflective equipment on the general frame, the described directional reflective equipment of every cover comprises a up-right support on general frame, the straight-bar that can adjust level angle links to each other by axle with up-right support, a little arc is arranged on the described straight-bar, the observation bar that can observe sunlight light links to each other with straight-bar by second axle, and level crossing, the dwang that is nested together is connected by screw thread with described straight-bar, a described level crossing that fuses and an end of telescopic support, link to each other with dwang by the 3rd axle, the other end of telescopic support links to each other with runing rest by the 4th axle, is movably connected in the runing rest of post upper, tooth on the described runing rest edge and the gear on the described driving arrangement are meshing with each other, and the lower end of support bar links to each other with described straight-bar.

A kind of improvement as described two kinds of technical schemes, dwang can be in described straight-bar, there is the screw rod of projection the end on described straight-bar, the groove of screw thread is meshed on screw rod end bosses and the described dwang, can there be a bracing frame upper end of support bar, and bracing frame that is nested together and runing rest.

Another kind as described two kinds of technical schemes improves, and the upper end of described support bar can be a frame bracket, and wheel links to each other with frame bracket, and wheel can be in the groove of runing rest, and described driving arrangement can also be on frame bracket.

Another kind as described two kinds of technical schemes improves, and described straight-bar can also be in dwang, and runing rest can be in the groove of bull wheel, and the upper end of bull wheel and support bar links to each other.

Improve as the another kind of described two kinds of technical schemes, described straight-bar can be in dwang, and there is the screw rod of projection the end on described dwang, and the groove of screw thread is meshed on screw rod end bosses and the described straight-bar.

Several improvement in addition as described two kinds of technical schemes are respectively: described driving arrangement can be on described general frame.Described screw rod and described straight-bar are by being threaded.Described gear can be worm screw.Permanent plant can be on general frame.Described permanent plant can also be on described straight-bar.

Be adjusted to when running well, the plane of its establishment of every cover up-right support is parallel mutually and perpendicular to horizontal plane, straight-bar is in the vertical plane that up-right support is established, by the angle of axle adjusting with horizontal plane.Up-right support can be made up of two interconnective bars and arc, or other shapes can be used to make straight-bar to regulate angle with horizontal plane in vertical plane, tripod-type or semi-circular etc.Telescopic support is nested together at least two, the bar or the pipe that can freely stretch, the support or the bar of a telescopic action.Described telescopic support two ends have axle to be connected with runing rest, dwang respectively, telescopic support can be regulated and dwang, angle axially, and the interplanar angle of adjusting and runing rest place, (plane that is the runing rest place is the equator parallel surface, the 4th axle makes telescopic support, the angle of the equator parallel surface at adjusting and runing rest place).Rotating runing rest is movably connected on the other end of support bar, refers to that camber or 0 type bracing frame are wrapped on the runing rest, or the fluted type guide rail in the edge of runing rest, and ball-type, wheel type or bar type bracing frame are in the fluted body guide rail.The different shape object of all herein support runing rests all is called bracing frame.The gear of driving arrangement can be a worm screw, and runing rest can be that turbine and worm screw form the turbine and worm rotation system, and dwang is perpendicular to the center of runing rest.Driving arrangement can be equipment such as motor or elastic potential energy.Dwang and straight-bar are by continuous being threaded, refer on the dwang or continuous screw thread arranged on the straight-bar that the groove of screw thread can be rectangle, triangle or ladder type, 1 or 2 were arranged with last screw on the dwang or on the straight-bar, be used for regulating the angle of normal and earth's axis parallel lines in day in the Spring Equinox.Have a screw rod to screw in one of them screw, there are column type, triangle or circular platform type projection in this screw rod end, and the groove of this projection and continuous thread just meshes.

The structure of each equipment herein, each rotates or contact part that mutual displacement relation arranged all makes of same material in case temperature Change and clamping stagnation or pine are spacious, dimensional tolerance cooperates should be reasonable, can be the 3-38 micron, and scribble lubricating oil, make that the contact part of described rotation system is not loose mutually spaciously to rotate freely again, material therefor can be selected materials such as various metals, alloy for use.

Beneficial effect is because its utilization celestial movement rule, thus need not control panel, reduced cost, improved the meaning of Application of Solar Energy.(1) be a kind of extensive optically focused among Fig. 3, high temperature utilizes the equipment of solar energy, and in whole condenser system, the heating object and second speculum 37 are fixing, have only the single axle rotation of level crossing 29, therefore have practicality, exercisable characteristics.Experiment showed, to need only suitable operation, when its each Shu Fanguang light was grown 1000 meters, annual spot center moved less than 20 centimetres.This equipment is fit to the multiple field that must heat in the industrial production, as: the sunlight optically focused part in the solar energy thermal-power-generating field, the thermal source of heating power heating unit etc.Change second reflective mirror into emergency lighting that optical fiber can be used for mine.As changing second speculum into concave mirror, can become solar cooker, place 1 concave lens at its focus place, can make the light that converges become the constant laser of a branch of direction, this laser can be again with flat mirror reflects on the direction arbitrarily as the figure II among Fig. 5.This structure helps whole integrated; scale is used; with windproof: owing to be to adopt to drive runing rest; moment small machine power need not be excessive; so can drive 10 to 20 directional reflective equipment simultaneously by a motor by trace or interlock chain, and its each facial plane mirror of existing accurate concentrating device adopts two motors and a single-chip microcomputer, so the advantage of this structure is low cost; be convenient to popularize near and help reducing greenhouse gas emission, energy-conserving and environment-protective.And under bad weather condition, this integral body integrated morphology can be hidden fast by movable store house, is convenient to maintenance, has strengthened reliability.(2) earthquake prediction, by above-mentioned Fig. 1 principle and method, after a period of time as normal tracks sunlight, because the stability of moving between day ground, illustrating that a little 101 earth's axis parallel lines change becomes to be as the criterion earth's axis parallel lines, because the uniqueness of face of land earth's axis parallel lines, i.e. the big floorboard at explanation point 101 places is subjected to displacement or projection, recessed.Redefine earth's axis parallel lines, the frequency that statistics earth's axis parallel lines change, help forecasting earthquake (but put 101 when the summit of face of land convex-concave point, possible its earth's axis parallel lines still can be parallel with the earth's axis, the earth's axis parallel lines data of other positions are come analysis-by-synthesis near the palpus).And can be used for seeking earth's axis point, measure the earth rate of trembling, the research of the location and the precession of the equinoxes.As be used for the observation of celestial body, then keep earth's axis parallel lines 102 from the arctic to the South Pole see clockwise, uniform rotation time sidereal day one Monday, overcome simultaneously the revolution (360 ° of one sidereal years of ÷) of the earth again, the observation sight line again from the face of land should earth's axis parallel lines 102 on, can improve the precision of observing celestial body.(3) navigation and location, press the tracking of Fig. 1 principle maintenance to sunlight, the bar and straight line 102 parallel connections that can point to day heart all the time, be used for overcoming self attitude of the vehicles, when vehicles geographical position changes, straight line 102 correspondingly changes with the angle and the vertical orientations of horizontal plane, could tracks sunlight, can obtain the variation of latitude and longitude from the changing value of the angle of straight line 102 and horizontal plane and vertical orientations.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of sunshine tracking method.Fig. 2 is day heart and the earth's core line, and is constantly crossing with the meridian at this 101 place, the face of land, the profile of the earth.Fig. 3 is the construction profile (wherein runing rest is a profile) of tracking-mode solar concentrating device.Fig. 4 be tracking-mode solar concentrating device point 9 to the point 1 direction plan structure figure.Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional reduced graph of tracking-mode solar concentrating device.Fig. 6 is an embodiment of tracking-mode solar concentrating device, and point 9 is to point 1 direction plan structure figure.Fig. 7 is the construction profile (wherein runing rest is a profile) of another embodiment of tracking-mode solar concentrating device.

The specific embodiment:

Wherein a kind of preferred embodiment is Fig. 3, tracking-mode solar concentrating device, a general frame 21, driving arrangement 24, and second speculum 37, comprise some cover directional reflective equipment on the general frame 21, the described directional reflective equipment of every cover comprises a up-right support on general frame 21, the straight-bar 14 that can adjust level angle links to each other by axle 1 with described up-right support, and level crossing 29, the dwang 2 that is nested together and described straight-bar 14 are connected by screw thread, a described level crossing 29 that fuses and an end of telescopic support 3, link to each other with dwang 2 by the 3rd axle 9, the other end of telescopic support 3 links to each other with runing rest 35 by the 4th axle 38, be movably connected in the runing rest 35 of support bar 19 upper ends, tooth on described runing rest 35 edges and the gear 22 on the described driving arrangement 24 are meshing with each other, and the lower end of support bar 19 links to each other with described straight-bar 14.

Dwang 2 is in described straight-bar 14, there is the screw rod 15 of projection the end on described straight-bar 14, the groove of screw thread is meshed on screw rod 15 end bosses and the described dwang 2, and there is a bracing frame 36 upper end of support bar 19, the bracing frame 36 and the runing rest 35 that are nested together.

Described driving arrangement 24 is on described general frame 21.Screw rod 15 and described straight-bar 14 are by being threaded.Described gear 22 is a worm screw.Bracing frame 36 is enclosed within on the runing rest 35.

Position, correlation and the functional characteristic of each design of part at first are described: general frame 21 its bases are adjustable to parallel with horizontal plane.Wherein up-and-down rod 13 and horizon bar 26 are the orthogonal integral body of cross section semicircle, all connect big arc 27 and form up-right support, and up-and-down rod 13 is perpendicular to the base of general frame 21, axle 1 is on up-right support, straight-bar 14 links to each other with up-right support by axle 1, can be in the plane that up-right support is determined perpendicular to horizontal plane, the angle of adjusting and horizontal plane, above structure is all in the same plane perpendicular to general frame 21 bases.Straight-bar 14 band cylindrical cavities, dwang 2 and straight-bar 14 to be being threaded, and just freely rotate in the cylindrical cavity of straight-bar 14.The 3rd axle 9 is the axle on the dwang 2, and the center line of its axle center and dwang 2 intersects.One end of telescopic support 3 and the first facial plane mirror 29 are connected to and are fixed as one, the normal 28 of level crossing 29 is with the angle of telescopic bar 3 center lines, the i.e. line at the 3rd axle 9 centers and the 4th axle 38 centers, be thick-and-thin (90+45) ° angle with the angle of normal 28, this place that is fixed as one links to each other with the 3rd axle 9.The other end of telescopic support 3 is by linking to each other of the 4th axle 38 on the runing rest 35 and runing rest 35.Runing rest 35 is the toothed O type of an outer rim support, the tooth engagement of this tooth and worm screw 22.The center line of dwang 2 is perpendicular to the plane at runing rest 35 places, and intersection point is the center of circle of runing rest 35 cylindricals.Support bar 19 is that an end links to each other with straight-bar 14, the bar that the other end links to each other with bracing frame 36.Wherein on the dwang 2 continuous screw thread is arranged, the screw rod 15 that there is a column type projection end and straight-bar 14 are by being threaded, the screw that screws in screw rod 15 is arranged on straight-bar 14 1 ends, this screw is between 1 or 2 to 24, equidistant around 14 1 weeks of straight-bar, be used at day in Spring Equinox fine adjustment dwang 2 and axial stretching amount of 14 of straight-bars, be that screw rod 15 screws in different screws, can the fine adjustment normal 28 with the angle of " 45 ° of taper seats ", and this screw central point is all in the same plane perpendicular to straight-bar 14 center lines, in this article called after " screwhole position plane ".The groove of screw thread is meshed on screw rod 15 end column types projection and the dwang 2.Last position 16, the center that upper/lower positions 17 and both centers 30 are represented the 3rd axle 9 respectively in two to moment position and the equinox position, the position of the bar of threaded section is by definite to get off on the dwang 2, promptly the 3rd axle 9 center are when last position 16, the lower extreme point position 32 of screw thread (being called for short the next 32) is in " screwhole position plane ", the 3rd axle 9 centers are when upper/lower positions 17, the upper extreme point position 31 of screw thread (being called for short upper 31) is in " screwhole position plane ", the 3rd axle 9 centers are when center 30, and the center 33 of screw thread (being called for short meta 33) is in " screwhole position plane ".The 3rd axle 9 center from last position 16 to upper/lower positions 17, telescopic support 3 with the center of the 4th axle 38 be the angle passed by in the axle center be 23 ° 26 ', when the 3rd axle 9 centers in the center 30 places, telescopic support 3 is just in time perpendicular to dwang 2, the 3rd axle 9 center from the center 30 to last position 16, with from the center 30 to upper/lower positions 17, telescopic support 3 with the center of the 4th axle 38 be the axle center all turn over 11 ° 43 '.Being starting point with the 4th axle 38 centers is set at R to the vertical range of dwang 2 center lines, then according to the trigonometric function theorem as can be known, four segment length below: 30 distance, center 30 are R * tg11 ° 43 ' to the bar length of meta 33 with the bar length of meta 33 to upper 31 to the distance of upper/lower positions 17, the next 32 to the center to go up position 16.Screw thread on the dwang 2 is continuous single thread, it is external screw thread, tooth 25 on the dwang 2 is the rectangle tooth form, the equal diameters of promptly big footpath of its nominal diameter and dwang 2, path and middle footpath do not have specific (special) requirements, bar 2 is that two kinds of forms are that its rotation direction is left hand thread type and two kinds of bars of right-handed thread type, from section by the axis of thread, groove is a rectangle, the shape and size of its each groove are just the same, the height of each thread form equates and the width of thread form is unequal, pitch is that the wide width that adds groove of tooth is the axial distance of adjacent two teeth corresponding point-to-point transmission on middle line, the width of this groove should be less than the complete pitch of a circle of the minimum of screw thread on the dwang 2, for the complete pitch of a circle of minimum 1/5 to 4/5 between.Driving arrangement 24 is on described general frame 21, and gear 22 is driven by transmission device 23, and permanent plant 39 is arranged on the straight-bar 14.

This equipment is used for the Northern Hemisphere, from Winter Solstice to the Summer Solstice promptly the center of the 3rd axle 9 from upper/lower positions 17 to last position 16,181+3/4 continuous on corresponding upper 31 to the next 32 encloses screw thread, this screw thread is, see clockwise driving runing rest 35 from the 3rd axle 9 to axle 1 direction, dwang 2 stretches out the screw thread of type, i.e. left hand thread with respect to straight-bar 14: Winter Solstice to the Spring Equinox the 3rd axle 9 centers from upper/lower positions 17 to the center 30, the 89 continuous circle screw threads to the meta 33 of upper 31 on the corresponding dwang 2.Meta 33 is between upper 31, the pitch of the 1st circle screw thread of meta 33 beginnings is R * tg[-ED (y89)/2], the 2nd circle pitch is R * tg[-ED (y88)/2]-R * tg[-ED (y89)/2], the 3rd circle pitch is R * tg[-ED (y87)/2]-R * tg[-ED (y88)/2].If η is the integer more than or equal to 1, so the η circle is R * tg{-ED[y (90-η)]/2}-R * tg{-ED[y (90-η+1)]/2}, this paper with meta 33 beginning to upper 31 or the next 32, the pitch called after of the continuous thread that data are identical " η type pitch " therewith.The Spring Equinox to the Summer Solstice the 3rd axle 9 centers from the center 30 to last position 16, corresponding meta 33 continuous 92+3/4 circle screw thread on the next 32.Meta 33 is between the next 32, the pitch of the 1st circle screw thread of meta 33 beginnings is R * tg[ED (y91)/2], the 2nd circle pitch is R * tg[ED (y92)/2]-R * tg[ED (y91)/2], the 3rd circle pitch is R * tg[ED (y93)/2]-R * tg[ED (y92)/2], if μ is the integer more than or equal to 1, so the μ circle is R * tg{ED[y (90+ μ)]/2}-R * tg{ED[y (90+ μ-1)]/2}, (3/4 circle screw thread is not that integer need not produce, being arranged in the next 32 places of dwang 2 screw threads gets final product, the corresponding Summer Solstice or the same day in Winter Solstice) this paper with meta 33 beginnings to upper 31 or the next 32, the pitch called after of the continuous thread that data are identical " μ type pitch " therewith.The Summer Solstice to Winter Solstice the 3rd axle 9 centers from last position 16 to upper/lower positions 17,183+1/2 continuous on corresponding the next 32 to upper 31 encloses screw thread, and this screw thread is to see the dwang 2 that turns clockwise from the 3rd axle 9 to axle 1 direction, dwang 2 is the screw thread of retraction type, i.e. right-handed thread with respect to straight-bar 14.The Summer Solstice to the Autumnal Equinox the 3rd axle 9 centers from last position 16 to the center 30, on the corresponding dwang 2 the next 32 continuous 93+2/3 circle screw thread to the meta 33, meta 33 is between the next 32, the pitch of the 1st circle screw thread of meta 33 beginnings is R * tg[ED (B93)/2], the 2nd circle pitch is R * tg[ED (B92)/2]-R * tg[ED (B93)/2], the 3rd circle pitch is R * tg[ED (B91)/2]-R * tg[ED (B92)/2].If p is the integer more than or equal to 1, so the p circle is R * tg{ED[B (94-p)]/2}-R * tg{ED[B (94-p+1)]/2}, (2/3 circle screw thread need not calculate, being arranged in the next 32 places of dwang 2 screw threads gets final product, the corresponding Summer Solstice or the same day in Winter Solstice) this paper with meta 33 beginnings to upper 31 or the next 32, the pitch called after of the continuous thread that data are identical " p type pitch " therewith.The Autumnal Equinox to Winter Solstice the 3rd axle 9 centers from the center 30 to upper/lower positions 17, meta 33 on the corresponding dwang 2 continuous 89+5/6 circle screw thread on upper 31, meta 33 is between upper 31, the pitch of the 1st circle screw thread of meta 33 beginnings is R * tg[-ED (B95)/2], the 2nd circle pitch is R * tg[-ED (B96)/2]-R * tg[-ED (B95)/2], the 3rd circle pitch is R * tg[-ED (B97)/2]-R * tg[-ED (B96)/2].If d is the integer more than or equal to 1, so the d circle is R * tg{-ED[B (94+d)]/2}-R * tg{-ED[B (94+d-1)]/2}, (5/6 circle screw thread is not that integer need not calculate, being arranged in upper 31 places gets final product, the corresponding Summer Solstice or the same day in Winter Solstice) this paper with meta 33 beginnings to upper 31 or the next 32, the pitch called after of the continuous thread that data are identical " d type pitch " therewith.Be that dwang 2 screw threads are left-handed and two kinds of screw threads of dextrorotation, must change the dwang 2 of left-handed and these two kinds of screw threads of dextrorotation the Summer Solstice to Winter Solstice and Winter Solstice to the Summer Solstice.

This equipment is used for the Southern Hemisphere, from Southern Hemisphere Summer Solstice to the 3rd axle 9 centers in Winter Solstice, the Southern Hemisphere from last position 16 to upper/lower positions 17,181+3/4 continuous on corresponding the next 32 to upper 31 encloses screw thread, this screw thread is, see counterclockwise driving runing rest 35 from the 3rd axle 9 to axle 1 direction, dwang 2 is with respect to the screw thread of straight-bar 14 retraction types, i.e. left hand thread.Then the 3rd axle 9 from last position 16 to the center 30, on the corresponding dwang 2 the next 32 89 continuous circle screw threads to the meta 33, meta 33 is between the next 32, the pitch of the 1st circle screw thread of meta 33 beginnings is R * tg[-ED (y89)/2], the 2nd circle pitch is R * tg[-ED (y88)/2]-R * tg[-ED (y89)/2], the 3rd circle pitch is R * tg[-ED (y87)/2]-R * tg[-ED (y88)/2].If η is the integer more than or equal to 1, so the η circle is R * tg{-ED[y (90-η)]/2}-R * tg{-ED[y (90-η+1)]/2}, i.e. " η type pitch ".In like manner the 3rd axle 9 center from the center 30 to upper/lower positions 17, continuous 92+3/4 circle screw thread, i.e. " the μ type pitch " on upper 31 of the meta 33 on the corresponding dwang 2.Southern Hemisphere Winter Solstice to Southern Hemisphere Summer Solstice, the 3rd axle 9 center from upper/lower positions 17 to last position 16,183+1/2 continuous on corresponding upper 31 to the next 32 encloses screw thread, this screw thread is, see to axle 1 direction from the 3rd axle 9 and to be rotated counterclockwise dwang 2, it is the screw thread that stretches out type, i.e. right-handed thread with respect to straight-bar 14.The 3rd axle 9 center from upper/lower positions 17 to the center 30, continuous 93+2/3 circle screw thread, i.e. " the p type pitch " to the meta 33 of upper 31 on the corresponding dwang 2.The 3rd axle 9 center from the center 30 to last position 16, continuous 89+5/6 circle screw thread, i.e. " the d type pitch " on the next 32 of the meta 33 on the corresponding dwang 2.

(2) mode of operation of Fig. 3,1, when on the Northern Hemisphere, making with axle 1 is that the earth's axis parallel lines of this point of the straight-bar 14 and the face of land of axle overlap, and fixing straight-bar 14.(1) implementing tracing collection the previous day on the same day, determine " carving facade the most in short-term ", and make the base level of general frame 21, and the up-right support that the normal 28, straight-bar 14, vertical rod 13 that makes the level crossing 29 in the directional reflective equipment and horizon bar 26 and big arc 27 are formed is all in " carving facade the most in short-term "; In like manner corresponding each bar of other equipment is all in " carving facade the most in short-term " separately, because distance is near, can think that each " carving facade the most in short-term " is parallel: establish R D and be earth radius then the every interval of face of land same latitude " apart from S "=2 π R Dsin (90-angle of latitude)/(24 * 60 * 60+ Δ S) its differ one second time between " carving facade the most in short-term ", when each " carves facade " the most in short-term in the distance on the east-west direction within " apart from S ", can think that each " carving facade the most in short-term " is parallel, for example under the line " apart from S "=463.84 meter and in south latitude or 60 ° of " apart from S "=231.538 of north latitude meter.(2) same day of enforcement tracking, " high noon constantly " of axle 1 before, in any screw on the screw rod 15 screw-in straight-bars 14, drive all runing rests 35 in the concentrating device, after Winter Solstice n days in this way, then with after upper 31, n circle screw thread intersects with " screwhole position plane ", the left hand thread dwang of (and use " η type pitch " and " μ type pitch ").And make the angle of straight-bar 14 center lines and horizontal plane be axle 1 on-site latitude value.(3) fixing and spool 1 link to each other all straight-bars 14 in the whole concentrating device.At this moment bar 14 should be identical to direction to the north pole with the South Pole.2, when arriving " high noon constantly " of axle 1, see clockwise to axle 8, at the uniform velocity drive runing rest 35, (use Northern Hemisphere left hand thread to rotate a time on a true solar day Monday or 24 hour time an of week from axle 9.Otherwise the Northern Hemisphere is after the Summer Solstice in this way, see clockwise driving runing rest 35 from the 3rd axle 9 to axle 1, using dwang 2 relative straight-bars 14 is Northern Hemisphere right-handed thread as the screw thread of " the p type pitch " and " d type pitch " of retraction type), can there be 24 * 60 teeth at the edge of runing rest 35, driving arrangement 24 drives worm screw 22 to begin to rotate in per 58 seconds, the each rotation 2 seconds times spent of week, making runing rest 35 turn over a tooth is each tooth correspondence: 360 °/(24 * 60) angle.Certainly driving arrangement 24 drives worm screw 22 by transmission device 23, and also intermittent mode driving runing rest 35 more can not improve precision, and the reduction gear of similar quartz clock promptly can be arranged in the driving arrangement 24.

3, step 2 operates within 5 seconds and finishes, and can obtain reflection ray 34.Adjusting can be connected second speculum 37 on the general frame 21, makes the body surface that reflection ray finally shines needs heating.Then no sunlight at sunset or when cloudy day, stop to drive runing rest 35, second day or clockwise fast driving runing rest 35 when fine, the angle that runing rest 35 should turn over fast and the relation of the time period that stops be 15 ° corresponding 1 hour, when normal 28 intersects the planes overlapping of being established with sunlight and earth's axis parallel lines, promptly when hot spot shines the heating object surface once more, to drive runing rest 35 clockwise a true solar day Monday, promptly driving arrangement 24 can be the gear of double speed again.6, after arriving the moment in the Summer Solstice, promptly behind the in-position, the 3rd axle 9 center 16, must screw out screw rod 15, dwang 2 is replaced with Northern Hemisphere right-handed thread, promptly use the right-handed thread of " p type pitch " and " d type pitch ", and so forth.When Ground Point 101 during in the Southern Hemisphere in like manner, just dwang 2 must be selected Southern Hemisphere left hand thread or Southern Hemisphere right-handed thread for use.Proofread and correct every day and the correction of day in the Spring Equinox, arrive axle 1 same day " high noon constantly " every day, regulating runing rest 35 makes the normal 28 of level crossing 29 in " carving facade the most in short-term ", all underlinedly on the edge of runing rest 35 and the bracing frame 36 determine that normal 28 is whether in the vertical elevation of up-right support, then to drive runing rest 35 true solar day Monday.In like manner day in the Spring Equinox, screw rod 15 screws in different screws, near theoretical value, can make reverberation optically focused more accurately until the angle that makes normal 28 and " 45 ° of taper seats ".

Wherein another kind of preferred embodiment is Fig. 7, and improvements are as follows, and the observation bar 4 that has 18, one of a little arc can observe sunlight light on the described straight-bar 14 links to each other with straight-bar 14 by second axle 8.Little arc 18 is to be the circular arc of radius (being made as r) on straight-bar 14 to observe bar 4, front position 5 and position 7, back are two to the time-division position on the little arc 18, position 6 is two fen time-division position in the arc, and observe bar 4 from the front position 5 angles of passing by to position 7, back be 46 ° 52 ', observe bar 4 in arc during position 6, just in time perpendicular to straight-bar 14.Described straight-bar 14 is in dwang 2, and there is the screw rod 15 of projection the end on described dwang 2, and screw rod 15 and the described dwang 2 that there is a projection end be by being threaded, and the groove of screw thread is meshed on screw rod 15 end bosses and the described straight-bar 14.Continuous screw thread is arranged on the straight-bar 14.

The lower end of support bar 19 links to each other with straight-bar 14, and runing rest 35 is in the groove of bull wheel 43, and bull wheel 43 links to each other with the upper end of support bar 19.A permanent plant 39 is arranged on the described general frame 21.Be that dwang 2 is enclosed within on the straight-bar 14, just free to rotate, straight-bar 14 is at woodruff key 42 punishment two sections for concentric, straight-bar 14 and dwang 2 concentrics.

This equipment is used for the Northern Hemisphere, from Winter Solstice to the Summer Solstice the 3rd axle 9 center from upper/lower positions 17 to last position 16,181+3/4 continuous on corresponding the next 32 to upper 31 encloses screw thread, this screw thread is, see clockwise driving runing rest 35 from the 3rd axle 9 to axle 1 direction, dwang 2 stretches out the screw thread of type, i.e. left hand thread with respect to straight-bar 14.Then the 3rd axle 9 from upper/lower positions 17 to the center 30, on the corresponding straight-bar 14 the next 32 89 continuous circle screw threads to the meta 33, meta 33 is between the next 32, the pitch of the 1st circle screw thread of meta 33 beginnings is R * tg[-ED (y89)/2], the 2nd circle pitch is R * t g[-ED (y88)/2]-R * tg[-ED (y89)/2], so the η circle is R * tg{-ED[y (90-η)]/2}-R * tg{-ED[y (90-η+1)]/2}, i.e. " η type pitch ".In like manner the 3rd axle 9 center from the center 30 to last position 16, corresponding meta 33 continuous 92+3/4 circle screw thread, i.e. " μ type pitch " on upper 31.Northern Hemisphere Summer Solstice is to Winter Solstice, the 3rd axle 9 center from last position 16 to upper/lower positions 17,183+1/2 continuous on corresponding upper 31 to the next 32 encloses screw thread, this screw thread is, see the rotating bar 2 that turns clockwise from the 3rd axle 9 to axle 1 direction, bar 2 is the screw thread of retraction type, i.e. right-handed thread with respect to straight-bar 14.The 3rd axle 9 center from last position 16 to the center 30, corresponding upper 31 to the meta 33 continuous 93+2/3 circle screw thread, i.e. " p type pitch ".The 3rd axle 9 center from the center 30 to upper/lower positions 17, continuous 89+5/6 circle screw thread, i.e. " the d type pitch " on the next 32 of the meta 33 on the corresponding straight-bar 14.This equipment is used for the Southern Hemisphere, from Southern Hemisphere Summer Solstice to the 3rd axle 9 centers in Winter Solstice, the Southern Hemisphere from last position 16 to upper/lower positions 17,181+3/4 continuous on corresponding upper 31 to the next 32 encloses screw thread, this screw thread is, see counterclockwise driving runing rest 35 from the 3rd axle 9 to axle 1 direction, dwang 2 is with respect to the screw thread of straight-bar 14 retraction types, i.e. left hand thread.Then the 3rd axle 9 center from last position 16 to the center 30, corresponding upper 31 to the meta 33 89 continuous circle screw thread, i.e. " η type pitch ".In like manner the 3rd axle 9 center from the center 30 to upper/lower positions 17, corresponding meta 33 continuous 92+3/4 circle screw thread, i.e. " μ type pitch " on the next 32.Southern Hemisphere Winter Solstice to Southern Hemisphere Summer Solstice, the 3rd axle 9 center from upper/lower positions 17 to last position 16,183+1/2 continuous on corresponding the next 32 to upper 31 encloses screw thread, this screw thread is, see to axle 1 direction from the 3rd axle 9 and to be rotated counterclockwise dwang 2, dwang 2 is the screw thread that stretches out type, i.e. right-handed thread with respect to straight-bar 14.The 3rd axle 9 from upper/lower positions 17 to the center 30, corresponding the next 32 to the meta 33 continuous 93+2/3 circle screw thread, i.e. " p type pitch ".The 3rd axle 9 center from the center 30 to last position 16, corresponding meta 33 continuous 89+5/6 circle screw thread, i.e. " d type pitch " on upper 31.The mode of operation of Fig. 7 is step 2 with the operating procedure difference of Fig. 3 in the specific embodiment: observe bar 4 and be used for correcting the influence of the centripetal force of earth rotation to the plumb line direction.Calculate the declination angle ED on the same day ¹And observation bar 4 is referred on the relevant position on the little arc 18, and make observation bar 4 identical with the declination angle with the angle of straight line 6 (line at position 6 and second axle 8 center in the arc), again can be by measuring arc length, make and observe bar 4 fingers on little arc 18, with respect to 2 π r * [(the declination angle ED of position in the arc 6 ¹)/360 °] locate.When arriving axle 1 " high noon constantly ", fine adjustment and axle 1 link to each other, and all straight-bar 14 in the whole concentrating device is when observation bar 4 is parallel with sunlight (observation bar 4 shadow-free on straight-bar 14).

As follows as the another kind of embodiment improvements of above-mentioned two kinds of preferred embodiments, Fig. 6 tracking-mode solar concentrating device, the upper end of described support bar 19 is frame brackets 40, wheel 41 links to each other with frame bracket 40, wheel 41 is in the groove of runing rest 35, described driving arrangement 24 is on frame bracket 40, and permanent plant 39 is on described general frame 21.

As follows as the another kind of embodiment improvements of above-mentioned two kinds of preferred embodiments, described straight-bar 14 is in dwang 2, and runing rest 35 is in the groove of bull wheel 43, and bull wheel 43 links to each other with the upper end of support bar 19, and permanent plant 39 is on described straight-bar 14.

As follows as the another kind of embodiment improvements of above-mentioned two kinds of preferred embodiments, described second speculum 37 does not all link to each other with other described equipment.

As follows as the another kind of embodiment improvements of above-mentioned two kinds of preferred embodiments, support frame as described above 36 is in the groove of runing rest 35.

As follows as the another kind of embodiment improvements of above-mentioned two kinds of preferred embodiments, the gear of described driving arrangement 24 can be a worm screw, runing rest 35 can be that turbine and worm screw 22 form the turbine and worm rotation system, and dwang 2 is perpendicular to the center of runing rest 35 cylindricals.

As follows as the another kind of embodiment improvements of Fig. 6 embodiment, described runing rest 35 is in the groove of wheel 41.

As follows as the another kind of embodiment improvements of Fig. 6 embodiment, the upper end of described support bar 19 is frame brackets 40, and wheel 41 links to each other with runing rest 35, takes turns 41 in the groove of frame bracket 40, and described driving arrangement 24 is on frame bracket 40.

Certainly, the connection of described tracking mode concentrating device is not limited to above-mentioned form, and described each architectural feature is exchanged the equipment that obtains, and all belongs within the scope that the present invention will protect as long as it is used for tracks sunlight and optically focused.

Claims (8)

1. tracking-mode solar concentrating device, a general frame (21), driving arrangement (24), and second speculum (37), comprise some cover directional reflective equipment on the general frame (21), the described directional reflective equipment of every cover comprises a up-right support on general frame (21), the straight-bar (14) that can adjust level angle links to each other by axle (1) with described up-right support, an and level crossing (29), it is characterized in that the dwang (2) that is nested together is connected by screw thread with described straight-bar (14), a described level crossing (29) that fuses and an end of telescopic support (3), link to each other with dwang (2) by the 3rd axle (9), the other end of telescopic support (3) links to each other with runing rest (35) by the 4th axle (38), be movably connected in the runing rest (35) of support bar (19) upper end, tooth on described runing rest (35) edge and the gear (22) on the described driving arrangement (24) are meshing with each other, and the lower end of support bar (19) links to each other with described straight-bar (14).

2. tracking-mode solar concentrating device, a general frame (21), driving arrangement (24), and second speculum (37), comprise some cover directional reflective equipment on the general frame (21), the described directional reflective equipment of every cover comprises a up-right support on general frame (21), the straight-bar (14) that can adjust level angle links to each other by axle (1) with up-right support, a little arc (18) is arranged on the described straight-bar (14), the observation bar (4) that can observe sunlight light links to each other with straight-bar (14) by second axle (8), an and level crossing (29), it is characterized in that the dwang (2) that is nested together is connected by screw thread with described straight-bar (14), a described level crossing (29) that fuses and an end of telescopic support (3), link to each other with dwang (2) by the 3rd axle (9), the other end of telescopic support (3) links to each other with runing rest (35) by the 4th axle (38), be movably connected in the runing rest (35) of support bar (19) upper end, tooth on described runing rest (35) edge and the gear (22) on the described driving arrangement (24) are meshing with each other, and the lower end of support bar (19) links to each other with described straight-bar (14).

3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2, tracking-mode solar concentrating device, it is characterized in that dwang (2) is in described straight-bar (14), there is the screw rod (15) of projection the end on described straight-bar (14), screw rod (15) end bosses is meshed with the groove that described dwang (2) is gone up screw thread, there is a bracing frame (36) upper end of support bar (19), and bracing frame that is nested together (36) and runing rest (35).

4. as claimed in claim 1 or 2, tracking-mode solar concentrating device, the upper end that it is characterized in that described support bar (19) is frame bracket (40), wheel (41) links to each other with frame bracket (40), wheel (41) is in the groove of runing rest (35), and described driving arrangement (24) is on frame bracket (40).

5. as claimed in claim 1 or 2, tracking-mode solar concentrating device is characterized in that described straight-bar (14) in dwang (2), and runing rest (35) is in the groove of bull wheel (43), and bull wheel (43) links to each other with the upper end of support bar (19).

6. as claimed in claim 1 or 2, tracking-mode solar concentrating device, it is characterized in that described straight-bar (14) in dwang (2), there is the screw rod (15) of projection the end on described dwang (2), and screw rod (15) end bosses is meshed with the groove that described straight-bar (14) is gone up screw thread.

7. the method for sunshine tracking and optically focused, the earth's axis parallel lines that set out in the place of sunshine tracking and optically focused will be carried out in the face of land, the rotation that level crossing on the parallel lines rotates a true solar day Monday with sunlight, the level crossing normal on the earth's axis parallel lines and the angle of reflection ray, variation with the declination angle changes, thereby obtain the reverberation that overlaps with earth's axis parallel lines, and with the another side reflective mirror need heating object surface that flashes back the sunlight, several these structures can be finished the optically focused heat effect.

8. as described in the claim 7, sunshine tracking and concentrating method determine that at first the face of land will carry out the moment of the sunlight elevation angle maximum in sunshine tracking and optically focused place, and this is accurate to second constantly;

Secondly determine the angle of declination angle and normal; Determine earth's axis parallel lines then; Last and sunlight driven in synchronism earth's axis parallel lines.

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