CN101550347A - Biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process and device - Google Patents
Biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101550347A CN101550347A CN 200810090618 CN200810090618A CN101550347A CN 101550347 A CN101550347 A CN 101550347A CN 200810090618 CN200810090618 CN 200810090618 CN 200810090618 A CN200810090618 A CN 200810090618A CN 101550347 A CN101550347 A CN 101550347A
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process which comprises the following steps of stirring, mixing, gasifying, gas-solid separating, condensing and oil gathering. A device of the invention comprises a screw pump, an on-line grinder, a I-stage on-line filter, a slurry biomass storage tank, a slurry supply pump, a II-stage one-line filter, an atomization spray gun, a thermal cracking reactor, a cyclone separating device, a gas-gas thermal exchanger, a steam-water thermal exchanger and an oil gathering device which are sequentially connected with the output end of a stirring machine through pipes. Biomass comprises crop straws, other plant straws, branches and wooden meals. Because of adopting the slurry atomization reactor, the invention has the advantages that the slurry biomass atomization effect is good, the temperature field is stable, the slurry atomization realizes the uniform mixing of gas and material for ensuring the fully thermal cracking, the thermal cracking effect and the utilization ratio of the material are improved, the structure of the device is compact, the investment cost is low, the process adopts the continuous circulating operation, the production efficiency is high and the oil yield is large.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation technology of biomass fuel and implement the specific equipment of this technology, belong to the biomass energy utilization technologies field.
Background technology
Biomass are renewable energy sources of a kind of cleaning, and the method that biomass resource is converted to biomass energy has many kinds, and different conversion methods and technological process can obtain the biomass energy such as different shapes such as liquid, solid, gases.From improving energy density, be convenient to the angle that stores and transport, making biomass resource be converted to liquid (bio oil) should be ideal.Yet it is a still immature technology that biomass resource is converted to liquid bio oil, though external research work had nearly 30 years, still is in the type approval test stage, and domestic research in this respect still is in the starting stage.Biomass resource is made slurry attitude (solid-liquid mixtures), utilize the biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking device to prepare the method for biomass fuel, do not see bibliographical information as yet.Technology and device that existing various biomass through pyrolysis method is adopted exist the inhomogeneous instability in temperature field, and mixing of materials is inhomogeneous, the energy consumption height, and complex structure is huge, many shortcomings such as facility investment expense height.Solid-state biomass are pulverulence, and atomizing effect is bad, and this also is the major cause that present thermal cracking process can not commercial application.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process and device, so that can convert low-grade biomass energy to high-grade liquid fuel, solve inhomogeneous the stablizing in temperature field that prior art exists, mixing of materials is inhomogeneous, the energy consumption height, complex structure is huge, the problem that the facility investment expense is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process is characterized in that: the flow process of described technology may further comprise the steps:
(1) mixes: biomass powder and bio-oil are mixed and stirred pulping attitude biomass in accordance with the appropriate ratio;
(2) gasify: described slurry attitude biomass are sent in the pyrolysis reactor under the high-temperature gas effect, gasified;
(3) gas solid separation: with cyclonic separator described gasified bio-matter is separated into part carbon granule and contains biomass gas, and isolated part carbon granule is collected with the charcoal collector;
(4) condensation oil-collecting: will contain biomass gas with air-water interchanger and oil trap successively and be condensed into biomass fuel;
Described biomass comprise agricultural crop straw, other plant stalk, branch and wood chip.
Adopt gas-to-gas heat exchanger that the high-temperature gas after separating is once lowered the temperature in described gas solid separation step, thus obtained heat is as the heating energy source of the pyrolysis reactor in the described gasification step; Gas temperature after cooling once is 400-450 ℃, and this gas enters described air-water interchanger water reducing temperature twice to 40 ℃, through described oil trap biomass gas is condensed into biomass fuel again.
The isolated non-fuel gas that coagulates gas as the reactor in the described gasification step in the described condensation oil-collecting step.
The described biomass powder that mixes in the step is sent into stirrer by the speed control by frequency variation worm conveyor continuously through belted electronic balance, add biomass powder and bio-oil by the speed control by frequency variation hot water pump through the continuous ratio by weight of under meter simultaneously, wherein the bio-oil proportion is at least 40%; In stirrer, mix and stir pulping attitude biomass.
Described slurry attitude biomass spray into described pyrolysis reactor by atomizing lance by the screw rod pump for mortar transmission behind pot strainer, the rotating speed of variable frequency adjustment screw rod pump for mortar transmission can be regulated the straying quatity of slurry attitude biomass continuously; Described pyrolysis reactor is heated to 500～550 ℃ with process furnace, continues 20～40 minutes.
A kind of device of implementing the described biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process of claim 1, it is characterized in that: this device comprises stirrer, and the output terminal of this stirrer is by pipeline be linked in sequence successively spiral pump, I level pot strainer, atomizing lance, pyrolysis reactor, cyclonic separator, air-water heat exchanger and oil trap; Be connected with the charcoal collector in the bottom of described cyclonic separator, be connected with heating unit at described pyrolysis reactor fire end.
Between described screw rod pump for mortar transmission and I level pot strainer, be connected with the on-line grinding machine; Between described I level pot strainer and atomizing lance, be connected with slurry attitude biomass storage tank, slurry supply pump and II level pot strainer in turn; Described heating unit is a process furnace, be provided with at described oil trap and be used to discharge the non-pneumatic outlet that coagulates gas, this non-gas part with fixed attention acts as a fuel and is transported to described process furnace by blower fan, and another part is connected to the gas interface of described atomizing lance by a high pressure positive blower as the atomizing medium of slurry attitude biomass.
Be connected with an end of gas-to-gas heat exchanger between described cyclonic separator and air-water heat exchanger, the other end of this interchanger is used to heat the non-gas that coagulates that is input to described process furnace.
Input aperture at described stirrer is connected with the output terminal of a worm conveyor, and the input terminus of worm conveyor is connected with the outlet of a biomass powder feed bin.
The present invention is owing to adopt the slurry atomization reactor, its advantage is that the biomass atomizing effect of slurry attitude is good, and the temperature field is stable, and slurry atomization has been realized the uniform mixing of gas material and material, for thermo-cracking fully provides assurance, improved the utilization ratio of thermo-cracking effect and material; Compact equipment, investment cost is low, the cyclical operation of process using continous way, the production efficiency height, oil offtake is big.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic flow sheet of biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schema of biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the formation synoptic diagram of biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking device embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1, biomass powder feed bin, 2, the speed governing worm conveyor, 3, stirrer, 4, screw rod pump for mortar transmission, 5, on-line grinding machine, 6, I level pot strainer, 7, slurry attitude biomass storage tank, 8, slurry supply pump, 9, II level pot strainer, 10, atomizing lance, 11, pyrolysis reactor, 12, cyclonic separator, 13, gas-gas-heat exchanger, 14, steam-water heat exchanger, 15, oil trap, 151, the non-pneumatic outlet that coagulates, 17, process furnace, 18, the bio oil storage tank, 19, high pressure positive blower, 21, fan with low voltage, 22, the charcoal collector.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, typical process flow of the present invention is:
(1) mixes: biomass powder and bio-oil are mixed and stirred pulping attitude biomass in accordance with the appropriate ratio.
(2) gasify: described slurry attitude biomass are sent in the pyrolysis reactor under the high-temperature gas effect, gasified.
(3) gas solid separation: with cyclonic separator described gasified bio-matter is separated into part carbon granule and contains biomass gas, and isolated part carbon granule is collected with the charcoal collector.
(4) condensation oil-collecting: will contain biomass gas with air-water interchanger and oil trap successively and be condensed into biomass fuel.
Described biomass comprise agricultural crop straw, other plant stalk, branch and wood chip.
Referring to Fig. 2, concrete technological process embodiment of the present invention comprises:
1,30-50 purpose biomass powder is sent into stirrer by the speed governing worm conveyor of frequency conversion continuously through belted electronic balance, (ratio of bio-oil is at least 40%, otherwise concentration can not effectively atomize too greatly to 6 weight part bio-oils in 4 weight part biomass powders continuously through under meter by the speed control by frequency variation hot water pump simultaneously.Certainly the ratio of bio-oil can not be too big, otherwise production efficiency is too low.The ratio of bio-oil is generally 40%～80%) ratio add bio-oil (can adopt diesel oil when producing for the first time), in stirrer, mix pulping attitude biomass.
2, will starch attitude biomass through pot strainer by spray gun by spiral pump and spray into reactor, the rotating speed of variable frequency adjustment spiral pump can be regulated the straying quatity of slurry attitude biomass continuously, the gasification under high-temperature gas (500-550 ℃) effect of slurry attitude biomass.
3, gasified bio-matter enters the cyclonic separator separation, and the separation of part carbon granule enters the charcoal collector, and gas enters gas-gas interchanger, makes the biomass gas cooling, and gas-gas interchanger is in order to save the energy of heating.
4, after gas-gas heat exchange, 400-450 ℃ gas enter the air-water interchanger again water be cooled to about 40 ℃, contain biomass gas through oil trap and be condensed into biomass fuel.
Biomass in the present embodiment are wood chip, and under higher elevation rate condition, hot cracked back generates liquid (biomass fuel), gas (the non-gas that coagulates), three kinds of products of solid (charcoal).
Referring to Fig. 3, biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking device of the present invention comprises: the spiral pump 4 that the output terminal by pipeline and stirrer 3 is linked in sequence successively, on-line grinding machine 5, I level pot strainer 6, slurry attitude biomass storage tank 7, slurry supply pump 8, II level pot strainer 9, atomizing lance 10, pyrolysis reactor 11, cyclonic separator 12, gas-gas-heat exchanger 13, steam-water heat exchanger 14 and oil trap 15.Be connected with charcoal collector 22 in the bottom of described cyclonic separator 12, be connected with process furnace 17 at the fire end (bottom) of described pyrolysis reactor 11.
Be provided with at described oil trap 15 and be used to discharge the non-pneumatic outlet 151 that coagulates gas, this non-gas part of coagulating is sent into process furnace 17 by blower fan 21, acts as a fuel; Non-another part that coagulates gas is connected to the atomizing medium of atomizing lance 10 as slurry attitude biomass by high pressure positive blower 19.Can adopt rare gas element as the equipment required atomizing medium that brings into operation.
The circulation loop of the output terminal of described gas-to-gas heat exchanger 13 is connected on the gas pipeline between blower fan 21 and the process furnace 17, is used to heat the non-gas that coagulates in this gas pipeline.
One speed governing worm conveyor 2 is housed in the input aperture of described stirrer 3, and the input terminus of this speed governing worm conveyor 2 is connected with the outlet of a biomass powder feed bin 1.
Above-mentioned each equipment adopts conventional equipment.
The working process of biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking device of the present invention is:
1, the biomass powder with biomass powder feed bin 1 is delivered to stirrer 3 through speed governing worm conveyor 2.
2, described biomass powder and bio-oil are mixed in proportion the pulping attitude, and, deposit slurry attitude biomass storage tank 7 in by the grinding or the filtration of spiral pump 4 through on-line grinding machine 5 and I level pot strainer 6.
3, after II level pot strainer 9 filters, send into atomizing lance 10 by slurry supply pump 8, will starch the attitude biomass and spray into pyrolysis reactor 11, under the high-temperature gas effect, gasify.
4, Qi Hua biomass enter cyclonic separator 12 separation, and the separation of part carbon granule enters charcoal collector 22, and gas then enters gas-gas interchanger 13, and biomass gas is once lowered the temperature.
5, after the once cooling of gas-gas interchanger 13, temperature is that 400-450 ℃ gas enters air-water interchanger 14 water reducing temperature twice to 40 ℃ again, containing biomass gas is condensed into biomass fuel and enters oil trap 15, the part of this biomass fuel recycles as slurry attitude raw material, is used for preparing slurry attitude biomass; Rest part is refined biometric matter oil fuel.
6, draw from pneumatic outlet 151 through oil trap 15 isolated not concretive gas, this non-gas part of coagulating is sent into process furnace 17 by blower fan 21, acts as a fuel; Non-another part that coagulates gas is connected to the atomizing medium of atomizing lance 10 as slurry attitude biomass by high pressure positive blower 19.Can adopt rare gas element as the equipment required atomizing medium that brings into operation.
Studies show that of thermo-cracking mechanism by rate of heating and end reaction temperature, can substantially change the ratio of liquid, gas and solid phase prod.In higher heating rate with faster under the rate of cooling, the end reaction temperature can obtain maximum liquid (biomass fuel) amount in certain suitable mesophilic range.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process is characterized in that: the flow process of described technology may further comprise the steps:
(1) mixes: biomass powder and bio-oil are mixed and stirred pulping attitude biomass in accordance with the appropriate ratio;
(2) gasify: described slurry attitude biomass are sent in the pyrolysis reactor under the high-temperature gas effect, gasified;
(3) gas solid separation: with cyclonic separator described gasified bio-matter is separated into part carbon granule and contains biomass gas, and isolated part carbon granule is collected with the charcoal collector;
(4) condensation oil-collecting: will contain biomass gas with air-water interchanger and oil trap successively and be condensed into biomass fuel;
Described biomass comprise agricultural crop straw, other plant stalk, branch and wood chip.
2, biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt gas-to-gas heat exchanger that the high-temperature gas after separating is once lowered the temperature in described gas solid separation step, thus obtained heat is as the heating energy source of the pyrolysis reactor in the described gasification step; Gas temperature after cooling once is 400-450 ℃, and this gas enters described air-water interchanger water reducing temperature twice to 40 ℃, through described oil trap biomass gas is condensed into biomass fuel again.
3, biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the isolated non-fuel gas that coagulates gas as the reactor in the described gasification step in the described condensation oil-collecting step.
4, biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described biomass powder that mixes in the step is sent into stirrer by the speed control by frequency variation worm conveyor continuously through belted electronic balance, add biomass powder and bio-oil by the speed control by frequency variation hot water pump through the continuous ratio by weight of under meter simultaneously, wherein the bio-oil proportion is at least 40%; In stirrer, mix and stir pulping attitude biomass.
5, biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described slurry attitude biomass spray into described pyrolysis reactor by atomizing lance by the screw rod pump for mortar transmission behind pot strainer, the rotating speed of variable frequency adjustment screw rod pump for mortar transmission can be regulated the straying quatity of slurry attitude biomass continuously; Described pyrolysis reactor is heated to 500～550 ℃ with process furnace, continues 20～40 minutes.
6, a kind of device of implementing the described biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process of claim 1, it is characterized in that: this device comprises stirrer, and the output terminal of this stirrer is by pipeline be linked in sequence successively spiral pump, I level pot strainer, atomizing lance, pyrolysis reactor, cyclonic separator, air-water heat exchanger and oil trap; Be connected with the charcoal collector in the bottom of described cyclonic separator, be connected with heating unit at described pyrolysis reactor fire end.
7, biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking device according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
Between described screw rod pump for mortar transmission and I level pot strainer, be connected with the on-line grinding machine; Between described I level pot strainer and atomizing lance, be connected with slurry attitude biomass storage tank, slurry supply pump and II level pot strainer in turn; Described heating unit is a process furnace, be provided with at described oil trap and be used to discharge the non-pneumatic outlet that coagulates gas, this non-gas part with fixed attention acts as a fuel and is transported to described process furnace by blower fan, and another part is connected to the gas interface of described atomizing lance by a high pressure positive blower as the atomizing medium of slurry attitude biomass.
8, biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: be connected with an end of gas-to-gas heat exchanger between described cyclonic separator and air-water heat exchanger, the other end of this interchanger is used to heat the non-gas that coagulates that is input to described process furnace.
9, according to claim 6,7 or 8 described biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking devices, it is characterized in that: the input aperture at described stirrer is connected with the output terminal of a worm conveyor, and the input terminus of worm conveyor is connected with the outlet of a biomass powder feed bin.
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| CN 200810090618 CN101550347B (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2008-04-02 | Biomass slurry atomization thermal cracking process and device |
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| CN106147981A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-11-23 | 大港油田集团有限责任公司 | A kind of plant cellulose cleavage method and cracking apparatus thereof |
| CN106336885A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-01-18 | 天津科技大学 | System for preparing activated carbon or bio-oil by fast activation or fast pyrolysis of biomass |
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