CN101547761A - Pouring nozzle - Google Patents
Pouring nozzle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101547761A CN101547761A CNA2007800263096A CN200780026309A CN101547761A CN 101547761 A CN101547761 A CN 101547761A CN A2007800263096 A CNA2007800263096 A CN A2007800263096A CN 200780026309 A CN200780026309 A CN 200780026309A CN 101547761 A CN101547761 A CN 101547761A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pouring nozzle
- shaped member
- reinforcing element
- plate
- nozzle according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Supply Of Fluid Materials To The Packaging Location (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pouring nozzle. Such pouring nozzle may be used for the transfer of a metal melt from one (upper) metallurgical vessel to a second (lower) metallurgical vessel, for example for the transfer of a steel melt from a ladle to a tundish.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of pouring nozzle.This pouring nozzle can be used for from (top) metallurgical tank for example being used for molten steel is transported to tundish from ladle to second (bottom) metallurgical tank deliverying metal melt.
This pouring nozzle is made by at least a refractory material (being used to tolerate high melt temperature) and is comprised tubular area and plate like region, this tubular area limits the first of running channel, and this plate like region has the aperture of the second portion that limits described (public) running channel.Usually become whole described plate like region to be arranged in an end of tubular part with described tubular area.This causes the T shape design of whole pouring nozzle.
Typically, two described pouring nozzles are arranged in the outflow zone of metallurgical melting container.A nozzle in described two nozzles mainly is arranged in the refractory liner of container, for example in brick cup (well block).This so-called inner nozzle utilizes its tubular area to locate in the top to install and utilizes plate like region to install at its lower end.
Utilize this set, plate like region can be used as the part of sliding gate.For this reason, plate like region has flat surfaces at its freedom (descending) end, and this flat surfaces extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of running channel, promptly approximately becomes level in the installation site of pouring nozzle.
Correspondingly, second nozzle (be commonly referred to outer nozzle or change nozzle) can be arranged at described inner nozzle below, for example installs on the contrary, and nozzle utilizes its plate portion to locate in the top to install, and utilizes its tubular portion to install at its lower end.This nozzle can move after installing usually.Equally, the Free Surface of plate like region should be smooth, so that it can be used as 2 or 3 slidingsurfaces that the plate slide mechanism is interior.
Also known at least a portion by clad (envelope) (metal shell) encapsulation (encapsulate) this nozzle.This shell makes nozzle stablize and be convenient to the replacing of nozzle.Metal shell also can provide necessary geometric accuracy, to utilize corresponding operation or more converting mechanism and mechanical support are installed on the more crisp refractory nozzle arrangement effectively.
Because in the preheating of nozzle, change the combination of the hot mechanical force that forms during motion and/or the casting operation, in nozzle, produce stress, this can cause passing the crack of nozzle wall, especially in the transition region of plate portion with the tubular portion junction.
The present inventor by the computer simulation study analysis reason that forms of described crack.It should be noted, for bottom (moving) element, on the most heavily stressed supporting device that betides described nozzle and be written into the central transverse place maximum of mechanism.In typical " T " formula pouring nozzle, these supporting forces form the region of high stress between area supported and running channel, and along this region of high stress, the crack may spread to the hole (running channel) at the tubular section of support lug (plate-shaped member) below from the outside.
Should also be noted that differential expansion causes surface deflection under operating condition.Though the surface of the paired plate around running channel keeps each other closely contact, externally the plate surface in the zone becomes separately, as shown in Figure 1.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pouring nozzle, it can be used as inner nozzle or outer nozzle, this pouring nozzle provides claimed accuracy to be installed on effectively in corresponding maintaining body or the pushing mechanism, and necessary stability is provided in the temperature range that is stood when assembling, preheating and operation simultaneously.
The present inventor finds, can overcome the shortcoming of existing apparatus by arrange at least one reinforcing element in the refractory material of plate-shaped member or between described plate-shaped member and clad.It is to make metalclad reinforcing element partly to make reinforcing element protrude in the refractory material of described plate-shaped member that another that causes similar results substitutes.
In the most common embodiment, the present invention relates to make and comprise the pouring nozzle of tubular part and plate-shaped member by at least a refractory material, this tubular part limits the first of running channel, it is whole and at one end outstanding along its periphery from tubular part that this plate-shaped member becomes with described tubular part, described plate-shaped member has the aperture of the second portion that limits described running channel, with at its free-ended flat surfaces, this flat surfaces extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of described running channel, at least a portion of tabular component and/or tubular part is encapsulated by clad, and wherein at least one reinforcing element is arranged in the refractory material of described plate-shaped member, between described plate-shaped member and clad or from described clad, protrude in the described plate-shaped member.
The design configurations of outer enclosure is convenient to introduce whole the reinforcement in support housing.The additional stiffness that is provided by this integral and internal reinforcing element obtained from corresponding supporting device absorption point loading force (point loading force) may, and in all this power that on the big zone of the refractory ceramic material of encapsulation and therefore on the head of nozzle and tubular area, distributes equably.
The various design configurations of monoblock type reinforcing element can provide maximum intensity and maximum compatibility with the supporting device of nozzle converting means is provided with the weight of minimum.
According to an embodiment, pouring nozzle comprises two reinforcing elements of the opposite end that is arranged in described plate-shaped member.Typically, plate-shaped member is configured as parallelepiped, especially when using in sliding gate is arranged.This pouring nozzle comprises (in four) two relative support lugs, and supporting device acts on the support lug.
Reinforcing element can have different shape.They can be configured as bar, helical spring, rod etc.
Under pouring nozzle comprised situation with the plate-shaped member in circular Free Surface zone, plate-shaped member can be annular.
Reinforcing element (enhancing element) can be surrounded (first possibility) fully by refractory ceramic material.Reinforcing element also can be arranged in (possibility 2) between refractory ceramic material and the clad.In possibility 3, reinforcing member is a metalclad part and is similar to the inwall layout of flange along described covering.These all three embodiment will further be disclosed by example hereinafter.
Reinforcing element can be arranged such that a surface in its surface forms the part of the flat surfaces of plate-shaped member.Reinforcing element preferably is arranged in the flat surfaces periphery of plate-shaped member.This has reduced the risk according to any deflection in the outer regions of the plate-shaped member of Fig. 1.
As mainly open in EP 1 133 373 B1, the dampened interface district can be arranged between basis (basic) (interior) refractory material and (a plurality of) reinforcing element and/or (outward) clad.Described dampened interface district can be made by second refractory material, second refractory material in metal casting, using the deformable that becomes under the temperature that is experienced during the described pouring nozzle.About other details, with reference to EP 1 133 373 B1.
Principle of the present invention can be applicable to the pouring nozzle of strong T shape, promptly comprises the nozzle of plate like region, and the area supported of plate like region is roughly parallel to its free-ended flat surfaces and extends.This principle also can be applicable to the nozzle that comprises (relative with free flat surfaces) load-bearing surface (with identical according to the nozzle of EP 1 590 114 B1) according to Fig. 3 of EP 1 133 373 B1, and the longitudinal axis of this load-bearing surface and running channel forms and is not equal to 90 ° angle.
Under one situation of back, (a plurality of) part of (a plurality of) reinforcing element forms the part of beveled surface section (load-bearing surface).
(a plurality of) reinforcing element can be made by any material that improvement is used for manufacturing, use or the replacing of the pouring nozzle of metal casting.A kind of in the most popular material is metal, but the pottery with high modulus of rupture also is welcome.
Further feature of the present invention is disclosed in dependent claims and other application documents.
Now describe the present invention in more detail referring to accompanying drawing, accompanying drawing is schematically illustrated:
Fig. 1: according to the sectional view of pouring nozzle after using of prior art.
Fig. 2: according to the sectional view (embodiment 2) of pouring nozzle of the present invention.
Fig. 3: according to the sectional view (embodiment 3) of pouring nozzle of the present invention.
Fig. 4: according to the sectional view (embodiment 1) of pouring nozzle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 illustrates inner nozzle 10 and the outer nozzle 12 with roughly T shape design, and it has the flange with similar geometry designs, but the feature of two nozzles 10,12 also can be identical design.
During use, under the operating condition of high temperature, differential expansion causes surface deflection in described known nozzle.Only around central runner 14, maintain the contact between the respective flat surface sections 10s/12s, and outer surface region 12so separately and the pressure (arrow C) that is formed on the power of the closing unrestricted zone of free deflection down, thereby form the bending/tear stress at the place, meeting point that concentrates on plate portion and tube element, this may cause from the outside towards the hole 14 crack " CS ".
The nozzle 12 of Fig. 2 comprises the tubular area 12t of the first that limits running channel 14.Described tubular portion 12t is made by common refractory ceramic material, and becomes whole with the plate like region 12p on top.Described plate like region 12p has the sectional area bigger than part 12t, and comprises the inside 12pi that made by the refractory material identical with tubular part 12t and two metal part 12pm that extend along two opposite sides of inner 12pi.Though the inner surface of metal part 12pm contacts the respective outer surfaces zone of fire-resistant part 12pi, the outer surface of part 12m contacts with covering 16, and is as mentioned below.
Described plate-shaped member 12p locates to have smooth upper surface 12s at its free end (12t is relative with tubular portion), and surperficial 12s is limited with the combination that described two metals of representing reinforcing element strengthen the respective surfaces of inserts 12pm by fire-resistant part 12pi.According to this outside (periphery) design, described reinforcing element (metal part 12pm) be characterized as upper vertical outer surface 12pmo, be inclined surface part 12pmi afterwards, and each inwall extends to each lower end vertically from upper surface 12s.
The subzone of metal shell 16 encapsulation plate-shaped member 12p and tubular part 12t.The longitudinal axis of this nozzle 12 is marked as " L ".
When the nozzle 12 of Fig. 1 was replaced by the nozzle with the design shown in Figure 2 that has the monoblock type strengthening part, it was poor to produce hot deflection equally on the 12s of plate surface by the temperature conditions that caused of operation.Yet described reinforcing element 12pm bears the pressure from closing organ, and prevents that them from forming any bending stress moment on the refractory material of nozzle 12.
Except this important function, nozzle 12 according to Fig. 2 provides other advantage: the load-bearing surface of cutting sth. askew of the nozzle that is provided by the housing section relative with surface segment 12pmi provides the mechanical stability that strengthens, and this is because reinforcing element 12pm directly is arranged in the back of this load-bearing surface.
Can be by realizing similarly effect according to the pouring nozzle 12 of Fig. 4, the different layouts that just are described two reinforcing element 12pm of the pouring nozzle 12 of Fig. 4 and the pouring nozzle of Fig. 2.
Two reinforcing element 12pm are designed to bar (rod), and are positioned in the refractory ceramic material of plate-shaped member 12p, and promptly they are surrounded fully by described refractory material.
Each cross section adapts to the outside design of plate-shaped member 12p.Especially, described reinforcing element 12pm provides the lower surface section 12pmi of the inclination that the corresponding inclination load-bearing surface 16b that is parallel to metal shell 16 extends.
Fig. 3 illustrates the pouring nozzle 10 as inner nozzle according to the inner nozzle 10 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 illustrates tubular portion 10t and is surrounded by sleeve 18 in its lower end, and sleeve 18 is made by the refractory material different with the refractory material of part 10t.This sleeve 18 extends around plate-shaped member 10p, and again by 16 encapsulation of external metallization covering, this external metallization covering 16 end at nozzle 10 lower ends free otherwise planar surface area 10s the place ahead nearby.
Can introduce dampened interface layer " S " at refractory casting nozzle member 10p and second around between the fire-resistant sleeve 18, dampened interface layer " S " is by using the deformable material that becomes under the temperature that is experienced during the described pouring nozzle to make.
According to the shape of sleeve 18, housing 16 be characterized as in the top cylindrical part, for (stretching out) part 16b and the outward extending horizontal component 16h of tilting, be last vertical extension 16v afterwards afterwards.
By horizontal component 16h and vertically the part of the covering 16 that provided of part 16v strengthen by two reinforcing element 10pm machineries, these two reinforcing element 10pm protrude from the relative inwall of covering 16.Described reinforcing element all is designed to have the bar of square-section.They replace the part of the encapsulating material of sleeve 18.
The refractory material of tubular portion 10t extends in the zone of plate-shaped member 10p, and is characterized as outwards tapered part 10pi, and it provides the inside of the surface segment 10s around the running channel 14.
Equally, two metal bar 10pm are similar to the reinforcing element among Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 as reinforcing element.According to the embodiment of Fig. 3, these reinforcing elements 10pm is the integral part of external metallization covering 16.
Among any embodiment in the embodiment shown, the shape of the stiffening device of housing and any vicinity (as 12pm or 10pm) can have the profile that is suitable for any particular organization configuration.
Claims (14)
1. pouring nozzle, it is made by at least a refractory material and comprises tubular part (10t, 12t) and plate-shaped member (10p, 12p), described tubular part (10t, 12t) the first of qualification running channel (14), described plate-shaped member (10p, 12p) with described tubular part (10t, 12t) become whole and along its periphery at one end from described tubular part (10t, 12t) outstanding, described plate-shaped member (10p, 12p) has the aperture of the second portion that limits described running channel (14) and at its free-ended flat surfaces (10s, 12s), described flat surfaces (10s, 12s) longitudinal axis (L) perpendicular to described running channel (14) extends, described plate-shaped member (10p, 12p) and/or described tubular part (10t, at least a portion 12t) is encapsulated by clad (16), wherein, and at least one reinforcing element (10pm, 12pm) be arranged in described plate-shaped member (10p, in refractory material 12p), described plate-shaped member (10p, 12p) and between the described clad (16) or from described clad (16) protrude into described plate-shaped member (10p, 12p) in.
2. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described pouring nozzle comprise be arranged in described plate-shaped member (10p, two reinforcing elements of opposite side 12p) (10pm, 12pm).
3. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that described reinforcing element has the shape of bar.
4. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that described reinforcing element has helical spring shape.
5. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that described reinforcing element has the shape of ring.
6. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reinforcing element (10pm) is the part of described covering (16), and described reinforcing element (10pm) protrudes in the described refractory material of described plate-shaped member (10p) from the inwall of described covering.
7. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reinforcing element (12pm) is arranged such that a part that forms the flat surfaces (12s) of described plate-shaped member (12p) in the surface of described reinforcing element.
8. pouring nozzle according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described reinforcing element (12pm) is arranged in the periphery of the flat surfaces (12s) of described plate-shaped member (12p).
9. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the beveled surface section relative with its flat surfaces of described plate-shaped member and the longitudinal axis (L) of described running channel are formed on the angle [alpha] between 25 ° and 85 °.
10. pouring nozzle according to claim 9 is characterized in that the part of described reinforcing element forms the part of described beveled surface section.
11. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described pouring nozzle is included in the second fire-resistant district (18) between described covering (16), described reinforcing element (10pm) and the described plate-shaped member (10p).
12. pouring nozzle according to claim 11 is characterized in that, dampened interface district (S) is arranged between district (18) and the plate-shaped member (10p) and by the deformable refractory material that becomes under the temperature that is experienced during the described pouring nozzle of use and makes.
13. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described pouring nozzle comprise at least one metal reinforcing element (10pm, 12pm).
14. pouring nozzle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described pouring nozzle comprise at least one high density ceramic reinforcing element (10pm, 12pm).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06014520A EP1878519B1 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2006-07-13 | Pouring nozzle |
| EP06014520.8 | 2006-07-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101547761A true CN101547761A (en) | 2009-09-30 |
Family
ID=37460121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800263096A Pending CN101547761A (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2007-06-15 | Pouring nozzle |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090173757A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1878519B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101547761A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE387276T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0713922A2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602006000598T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2300084T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2009000332A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1878519T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2393054C1 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA93916C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008006438A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200900015B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106457377A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-02-22 | 里弗雷克特里知识产权两合公司 | Refractory ceramic casting nozzle |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140326761A1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-11-06 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Refractory pouring device |
| CN104249210A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Multi-point welding jig |
| JP6122393B2 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2017-04-26 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | Immersion nozzle |
| UA123573U (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-26 | Товариство З Обмеженою Відповідальністю "Шеффілд Рефракторіс Україна" | DOSING BATTERY FOR METAL AND ALLOY FILLING |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62124071A (en) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-06-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | Nozzle for pouring molten metal |
| JPH11104793A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-04-20 | Akechi Ceramics Kk | Long nozzle for continuous casting |
| BE1013024A3 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2001-08-07 | Internat Ind Engineering S A | Casting tube |
| JP3506655B2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2004-03-15 | 明智セラミックス株式会社 | Continuous casting nozzle |
-
2006
- 2006-07-13 DE DE602006000598T patent/DE602006000598T2/en active Active
- 2006-07-13 ES ES06014520T patent/ES2300084T3/en active Active
- 2006-07-13 PL PL06014520T patent/PL1878519T3/en unknown
- 2006-07-13 AT AT06014520T patent/ATE387276T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-07-13 EP EP06014520A patent/EP1878519B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2007
- 2007-06-15 BR BRPI0713922-5A patent/BRPI0713922A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-06-15 US US12/305,366 patent/US20090173757A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-15 WO PCT/EP2007/005271 patent/WO2008006438A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-06-15 RU RU2008152194/02A patent/RU2393054C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-06-15 UA UAA200900173A patent/UA93916C2/en unknown
- 2007-06-15 CN CNA2007800263096A patent/CN101547761A/en active Pending
- 2007-06-15 MX MX2009000332A patent/MX2009000332A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2009
- 2009-01-05 ZA ZA200900015A patent/ZA200900015B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106457377A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-02-22 | 里弗雷克特里知识产权两合公司 | Refractory ceramic casting nozzle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE387276T1 (en) | 2008-03-15 |
| EP1878519B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
| RU2393054C1 (en) | 2010-06-27 |
| ZA200900015B (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| UA93916C2 (en) | 2011-03-25 |
| BRPI0713922A2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
| DE602006000598T2 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| WO2008006438A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
| PL1878519T3 (en) | 2008-06-30 |
| EP1878519A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| DE602006000598D1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| ES2300084T3 (en) | 2008-06-01 |
| MX2009000332A (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| US20090173757A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20090930 |