CN101539349B - Radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system - Google Patents
Radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101539349B CN101539349B CN2008101020859A CN200810102085A CN101539349B CN 101539349 B CN101539349 B CN 101539349B CN 2008101020859 A CN2008101020859 A CN 2008101020859A CN 200810102085 A CN200810102085 A CN 200810102085A CN 101539349 B CN101539349 B CN 101539349B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system, which comprises a pulse tube cooling part, wherein a pressure wave generator, a first regenerator, a cold-end heat exchanger, a pulse tube, a hot-end heat exchanger and an air reservoir are sequentially communicated, and the air reservoir is communicated with the hot-end heat exchanger through an inertia tube; and the radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system is characterized by also comprising a radiation cooling part which comprises a radiation cooling board and a metal board which is closely connected and combined with the radiation cooling board. The first regenerator is fixed on the metal board; the air reservoir and the hot-end heat exchanger are embedded in the metal board respectively; and the output end of the pressure wave generator is communicated with the input end of the first regenerator through a connecting pipe. The radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system adopts thermal coupling of the radiation cooling part and the pulse tube cooling part, uses radiation cooling only for the hot end of the pulse tube, requires low cooling capacity, lowers the cooling temperature of a cooler to a required temperature range and is suitable for cooling spatial devices.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pulse tube cooling system, design a kind of radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system that is suitable for SPACE APPLICATION especially.
Background technology
Along with the development of space technology, the research small-sized, the micro low-temperature refrigeration machine that is used for Infrared Detectors and high-temperature superconductive device has caused the very big interest of various countries.The payload of some satellites; The focal plane of particularly high-precision remote sensing equipment such as infrared telescope, infrared senstive device and the low noise amplifier of eyeglass and radio receiver etc. all need very low ambient temperature; Thermal noise to reduce background disturbs, and improves detection accuracy.Required chilling temperature is had nothing in common with each other, from 200K-2K.The Refrigeration Technique that can satisfy this demand has a variety of, can be divided into radiation type cooling, thermoelectric cooling, storage type refrigeration and mechanical type refrigeration (Hou Zengqi, spacecraft thermal control technology, China Science Tech Publishing House) generally.
Radiation type cooling can reach 60K under perfect condition, can tentatively satisfy the demand of early stage infrared acquisition.But because radianting capacity follows the biquadratic of temperature to be directly proportional; Reduce rapidly in the following radianting capacity of 100K; And whole system feasibility and temperature property depend on that the orientation of track, attitude and radiator of aircraft is closely bound up, thereby use and receive very big restriction.
Thermoelectric cooling is mainly used in the above warm area of 150K, and refrigerating capacity is less, and in the bigger occasion of refrigerating capacity, increase heat pipe equipment usually and get rid of used heat, owing to do not have moving component, but therefore long-time running.
The storage type refrigeration system can be provided in refrigeration in the very wide warm area, from 1.5K (superfluid helium) to 150K (solid ammonia).But this refrigeration modes needs constantly to consume working medium, depends on running time to carry what of working medium.Therefore requiring under the situation that refrigerating capacity is big or cryogenic temperature is lower, SPACE APPLICATION is more options mechanical type refrigeration more.
The space mainly comprises VM refrigeration machine, J-T refrigeration machine, contrary Bretton refrigeration machine, sterlin refrigerator and pulse tube refrigerating machine with the mechanical type refrigeration machine.The VM refrigeration machine proposed early than 1918, because this refrigeration machine rotating speed is low, bearing load is little, and it is little wear and tear, thus the life-span long, operate steadily, but this refrigeration machine making is strict, heat source temperature is had relatively high expectations (1000K), power and temperature are controlled all more complicated.The J-T refrigeration machine utilizes throttle effect to obtain low temperature, and cooling rate is fast, carries dexterity, but needs high pressure ratio, and efficient is lower.Before application of pulse tube technology obtained to break through, sterlin refrigerator had the SPACE APPLICATION potentiality most; Early stage sterlin refrigerator is owing to use the crank connecting link compressor, and the life-span is shorter, therefore makes slow progress; Along with the appearance of Oxford formula compressor, the Stirling compressor has been obtained major progress at aspects such as efficient, reliability, lightness, life-spans, in space and military affairs, obtains extensive use; Major part all adopts the stirling refrigeration technology on the explorer satellite that NASA and European Space Agency launch from late nineteen eighties so far; And along with space technology requires more and more strictness to Cryo Refrigerator, the defective of sterlin refrigerator also displays gradually, because the existence of displacer, the problem of wearing and tearing and vibration is inevitable, thereby causes the life-span to be reduced and the refrigeration performance deterioration.Pulse tube refrigerating machine can be regarded as an improvement of sterlin refrigerator; Owing to cancelled the moving component of sterlin refrigerator cold junction, not only make manufacture difficulty reduce, reduced the vibration of cold junction especially greatly, improved the reliability of refrigeration machine, also reduced electromagnetic interference; Therefore after the sixties propose, obtaining to develop rapidly in the eighties, become the most popular in the last few years small-sized Cryo Refrigerator, also is simultaneously the refrigeration machine of new generation that is fit to SPACE APPLICATION.
In order to obtain the lower temperature below the liquid nitrogen temperature, vascular refrigerator can followingly adopt several method; A kind of is to adopt multilevel hierarchy, and this multilevel hierarchy can obtain the temperature of liquid helium warm area, but multilevel hierarchy can increase the complexity of system and make difficulty, and the obtainable refrigerating capacity of this multilevel hierarchy is less; Because pulse tube refrigerating machine heating end temperature effect is bigger, the unstable perhaps too high performance of refrigeration machine that all will make of hot-side temperature is affected; Therefore in practical application, can adopt forecooling method is cooled off the needs that make the performance of refrigeration machine satisfy the detector operate as normal to the hot junction.The method of this precooling can adopt the mechanical type refrigeration machine to carry out precooling, for example increases the hot junction that a pulse tube refrigerating machine is used for cooling off secondary, and the structure of this thermal coupling is similar multistage, also increases the complexity of system simultaneously.Precooling also can adopt the storage type refrigeration system such as can adopting the liquid nitrogen precooling in addition, but this precooling mode directly receives what influence of working medium running time.Consider in space directly application of radiation refrigeration modes, and need not arrive very low temperature, thereby radiation refrigeration and pulse tube refrigerating machine be coupled then become a kind of good selection the hot junction cooling.TRW once just utilized specially designed heat radiator to control diffusing (the C K Chan of row of the used heat of refrigeration machine; AIRS Pulse TubeCryocooler System; Cryocooler 9); This system utilizes two opposed vascular refrigerators that the infrared imaging spectroscope is cooled off, but this system discharges the used heat that produces in compressor and the refrigeration machine through a supporting construction through radiator, does not utilize the direct paired pulses pipe of radiation refrigeration hot junction to cool off.Domestic also have the people with radiation refrigeration and the pulse tube refrigerating machine (Liu Yingwen etc. that are coupled; Patent: the space Cryo Refrigerator that radiation refrigeration is mutually compound with pulse tube refrigeration, the patent No.: CN1388344), but be directly compressor and refrigeration machine to be placed on the spoke cold drawing together in this system; Cool off whole system with the spoke cold drawing; Required like this refrigerating capacity is just bigger, can not bring into play the advantage of radiation refrigeration, can't make the hot junction of pulse tube drop to lower temperature.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of miniature radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system that is suitable for SPACE APPLICATION; Radiation refrigeration and two kinds of refrigeration modes of pulse tube refrigeration are combined through thermal coupling; Radiation refrigeration part is according to obtaining refrigeration to the cold darkness environment radiations heat energy of the outer space, and pulse tube refrigeration partly is to obtain refrigeration through pulse tube refrigeration.The spoke cold drawing makes cold drawing maintain a lower temperature through outside radiations heat energy, and pulse tube provides drive source by pressure wave generator, through the inflate compression process acquisition cold of gas working medium.The hot end heat exchanger of pulse tube refrigerating machine is placed on the metallic plate, and metallic plate then is overlying on the spoke cold drawing; The heat that produces in the pulse tube hot junction thus passes to the spoke cold drawing through metallic plate, thereby can maintain a lower temperature in the hot junction of pulse tube, thereby makes pulse tube refrigerating machine can obtain lower temperature or bigger refrigerating capacity.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
Radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system provided by the invention comprises the pulse tube refrigeration part; Said pulse tube refrigeration partly comprises pressure wave generator, first regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, pulse tube and the hot end heat exchanger that is connected successively, and an air reservoir, and said air reservoir is connected with said hot end heat exchanger through an inertia tube; It is characterized in that, also comprise the radiation refrigeration part;
Said radiation refrigeration comprises partly that a spoke cold drawing closely links to each other with it and is laminated with the all-in-one-piece metallic plate;
First regenerator of said pulse tube refrigeration part is fixed on the said recombination radiation plate; The air reservoir and the hot end heat exchanger of said pulse tube refrigeration part are embedded in respectively among the said metallic plate 4;
The output of said pressure wave generator is connected through the input of a tube connector with said first regenerator.
The output of described pressure wave generator is connected through the input of said tube connector with said first regenerator with after the input of one second regenerator is connected again.
Exit at said pulse tube refrigeration hot end heat exchanger partly is provided with choke valve or the nozzle that is used for control phase.
The pulse tube of said pulse tube refrigeration part is coaxial type pulse tube, U type pulse tube or linear pattern pulse tube.
The pulse tube of said pulse tube refrigeration part is pinhole type pulse tube, bidirection air intake type pulse tube or is the pulse tube with by-pass structure.
The inertia tube of said connection air reservoir and hot end heat exchanger is spiral and is positioned at air reservoir.
Radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system of the present invention in conjunction with the advantage of radiation refrigeration and two kinds of refrigeration machines of pulse tube refrigeration, makes both replenish each other; Concerning radiation refrigeration, the minimum temperature that can reach is not enough to satisfy the requirement of some high accuracy devices, but enough being used as the precooling level uses, and need not increase complicated structure and equipment; And the pulse tube refrigerating machine lower temperature that can and arrive simple in structure vibrates the long high-precision space element device of cooling that is fit to of little life-span; The present invention carries out thermal coupling with radiation refrigeration and pulse tube refrigerating machine, only comes the hot junction of cooling pulse pipe with radiation refrigeration, and required refrigerating capacity is less, can make that the cryogenic temperature of refrigeration machine is low to required warm area, is applicable to the cooling of space device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1ly know that radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system provided by the invention comprises the pulse tube refrigeration part; Said pulse tube refrigeration partly comprises the pressure wave generator that is connected successively 1, first regenerator 6, cool end heat exchanger 7, pulse tube 8 and hot end heat exchanger 9, and an air reservoir 10, and said air reservoir 10 is connected with said hot end heat exchanger 9 through an inertia tube 11; It is characterized in that, also comprise the radiation refrigeration part;
Said radiation refrigeration partly comprises: a spoke cold drawing 5 is laminated with all-in-one-piece metallic plate 4 with closely linking to each other with it;
The output of said pressure wave generator 1 is connected with the input of said first regenerator 6 through a tube connector 3.
The output of described pressure wave generator 1 is connected with the input of said first regenerator 6 through said tube connector 3 with after the input of one second regenerator 2 is connected again.
Exit at said pulse tube refrigeration hot end heat exchanger 9 partly is provided with choke valve or the nozzle that is used for control phase.
The pulse tube 8 of said pulse tube refrigeration part is coaxial type pulse tube, U type pulse tube or linear pulse tube.
The pulse tube 8 of said pulse tube refrigeration part is pinhole type pulse tube, bidirection air intake type pulse tube or is the pulse tube with by-pass structure.
The inertia tube 11 of said connection air reservoir 10 and hot end heat exchanger 9 is spiral and is positioned at air reservoir 10.
The cold part of paired pulses control, pulse tube 8 two ends are assembled cool end heat exchanger 7 and hot end heat exchanger 9 respectively; Inertia tube 11 two ends are communicated with hot end heat exchanger 9 and air reservoir 11 respectively, can establish choke valve in hot end heat exchanger 9 exits or nozzle is used for control phase, further optimize the performance of pulse tube; Cool end heat exchanger 7 and first regenerator, 6 cold junctions link together, and first regenerator, 6 hot junctions then are connected in second regenerator 2 through connecting leg 3, in order to reduce heat loss.
Can know by the phase potential theory;
(Q is a refrigerating capacity; P is the pressure wave in the pulse tube, and u is the speed wave in the pulse tube); The necessary condition that produces refrigerating capacity is: 1. system's internal pressure fluctuation; 2. velocity perturbation in the system; 3. speed wave and pressure wave have suitable phase difference.
Pressure wave generator is reciprocating under the driving of linear electric motors, and the gas that alternation flows absorbs the cold of storing in the regenerator through second regenerator 2 makes temperature reduce back entering connecting leg 3, therefore less in the temperature difference at connecting leg 3 two ends, has reduced heat loss; Gas enters into first regenerator 6 via air inlet through connecting leg 3, enters in the pulse tube 8 after further absorbing the cold in first regenerator 6, pulse tube 8 in, vibrates the generation refrigeration effect; Inertia tube and aperture can Adjustment System internal pressure ripples and the phase difference of speed wave in the pulse tube system, thereby obtain maximum refrigeration effect; The heat that gathers the hot junction then is discharged on the spoke cold drawing in the radiation refrigeration system through metallic plate, provides cold to guarantee that hot-side temperature maintains within the stable scope by the radiation refrigeration system.
Radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system of the present invention has combined the advantage of radiation refrigeration and two kinds of refrigeration machine modes of pulse tube refrigeration, makes both replenish each other; Make pulse tube refrigerating machine obtain more low temperature and bigger refrigerating capacity through precooling, thereby the range of application of pulse tube refrigerating machine is enlarged more, can on SPACE APPLICATION, bring into play significant role.
Claims (6)
1. a radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system comprises the pulse tube refrigeration part; Said pulse tube refrigeration partly comprises pressure wave generator, first regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, pulse tube and the hot end heat exchanger that is connected successively, and an air reservoir, and said air reservoir is connected with said hot end heat exchanger through an inertia tube; It is characterized in that, also comprise the radiation refrigeration part;
Said radiation refrigeration comprises that partly a spoke cold drawing is laminated with the all-in-one-piece metallic plate with closely linking to each other with it;
First regenerator of said pulse tube refrigeration part is fixed on the said metallic plate; The air reservoir and the hot end heat exchanger of said pulse tube refrigeration part are embedded in respectively among the said metallic plate;
The output of said pressure wave generator is connected through the input of a tube connector with said first regenerator.
2. by the described radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system of claim 1; It is characterized in that; The output of described pressure wave generator is connected through the input of said tube connector with said first regenerator with after the input of one second regenerator is connected again.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling systems, it is characterized in that, be provided with choke valve or the nozzle that is used for control phase in the exit of said pulse tube refrigeration hot end heat exchanger partly.
4. by claim 1 or 2 described radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling systems, it is characterized in that the pulse tube of said pulse tube refrigeration part is coaxial type pulse tube, U type pulse tube or linear pattern pulse tube.
5. by claim 1 or 2 described radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling systems, it is characterized in that the pulse tube of said pulse tube refrigeration part is pinhole type pulse tube, bidirection air intake type pulse tube or is the pulse tube with by-pass structure.
6. by claim 1 or 2 described radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling systems, it is characterized in that the inertia tube of said connection air reservoir and hot end heat exchanger is spiral and is positioned at air reservoir.
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| CN2008101020859A CN101539349B (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2008-03-17 | Radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system |
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| CN2008101020859A CN101539349B (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2008-03-17 | Radiation precooling type pulse tube cooling system |
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| CN101539349B true CN101539349B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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