CN101539197A - 确定在固定档位工作范围状态运行混合动力变速器中优选输出转矩的方法和装置 - Google Patents

确定在固定档位工作范围状态运行混合动力变速器中优选输出转矩的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101539197A
CN101539197A CNA2008101911355A CN200810191135A CN101539197A CN 101539197 A CN101539197 A CN 101539197A CN A2008101911355 A CNA2008101911355 A CN A2008101911355A CN 200810191135 A CN200810191135 A CN 200810191135A CN 101539197 A CN101539197 A CN 101539197A
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torque
output torque
constraint
output
clutch
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CN101539197B (zh
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A·H·希普
T·-M·谢
B·吴
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

本发明涉及确定在固定档位工作范围状态运行混合动力变速器中优选输出转矩的方法和装置。混合动力变速器包括转矩机构和连接有能量存储装置,且可操作以在固定档位工作范围状态中在输入元件,输出元件,转矩机构间传递功率。控制混合动力变速器的方法包括确定优选输出转矩,确定能量存储装置功率和变速器输出转矩间的关系,确定能量存储装置功率约束,确定转矩机构的电动机转矩约束,基于转矩机构的电动机转矩约束确定对输出转矩的线性转矩约束,基于能量存储装置功率约束和能量存储装置功率与变速器装置输出转矩间的关系确定二次输出转矩约束,以及确定响应于优选输出转矩且基于线性输出转矩约束和二次输出转矩约束可得到的输出元件输出转矩。

Description

确定在固定档位工作范围状态运行混合动力变速器中优选输出转矩的方法和装置
相关申请的交叉参考
本中请要求2007年11月5日提交的美国临时申请No.60/985,389的权益,在此以引用方式将该临时申请并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力系系统的控制系统。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅是为了提供与本公开有关的背景信息,可能并不构成现有技术。
已知的混合动力系结构包括转矩产生装置,其包括内燃机和电机,转矩产生装置经过变速器装置将转矩传递到输出元件。一个典型的动力系包括双模式、复合分配、机电变速器(其利用输入元件接收来自主动力源的牵引转矩,主动力源优选为内燃机)以及输出元件。输出元件可被可操作地连接至机动车的传动系,用于将牵引转矩传递至传动系。电机(可作为电动机或发电机运行)独立于内燃机的转矩输入而产生至变速器的转矩输入。电机可以将经过车辆传动系传递的车辆动能转换为能够存储在电能储存装置中的电能。控制系统监控来自车辆和操作者的各种输入,并且提供混合动力系的可操作控制,包括控制变速器运行状态与换挡,控制转矩产生装置,以及调节电能储存装置和电机之间的电力交换来管理变速器的输出(包括转矩和转速)。
发明内容
混合动力变速器包括转矩机构并连接有能量存储装置。混合动力变速器在固定档位工作范围状态下在输入元件、输出元件、转矩机构之间操作来传递功率。控制混合动力变速器的方法包括确定优选输出转矩,确定能量存储装置的功率与变速器的输出转矩之间的关系,确定能量存储器的功率约束,确定转矩机构的电动机转矩约束,基于转矩机构的电动机转矩约束确定输出转矩的线性转矩约束,基于能量存储装置的功率约束以及能量存储装置的功率与变速器装置的输出转矩之间的关系确定二次输出转矩约束,以及确定响应优选输出转矩且基于线性输出转矩约束和二次输出转矩约束可得到的输出元件的输出转矩。
附图说明
参照附图,通过例子的方式,现将描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是根据本发明的典型混合动力系的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的控制系统和混合动力系的典型结构的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的控制和管理混合动力系系统中转矩的控制系统结构的示意流程图;
图4是根据本发明的图形示意图;
图5A和5B是根据本发明的控制和管理混合动力系系统中转矩的控制系统结构的示意流程图;
图6A和6B是根据本发明的图形示意图;
图7,8和9是根据本发明的算法流程图;以及
图10是根据本发明的图形示意图。
具体实施方式
现参考附图,其中的图示仅用于示出特定典型实施例,而不用于限制目的,图1和2描绘了典型的混合动力系。图1中描绘了根据本公开的典型混合动力系,其包括双模式、复合分配、机电混合变速器10,变速器10可操作地连接至发动机14及转矩机构(包括第一与第二电机(MG-A)56与(MG-B)72)。发动机14及第一与第二电机56和72每个均产生可被传递至变速器10的功率。在本实施例中,发动机14,变速器10和包括第一与第二电机的转矩机构包括转矩致动器。由发动机14及第一与第二电机56和72产生并传递至变速器10的功率通过输入和电动机转矩(本文中分别称为TI,TA,TB)以及速度(本文中分别称为NI,NA,NB)描述。
典型的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,其可在几种状态下选择性地运行,从而经由输入轴12将转矩传递至变速器10,并且其可以是点燃式或压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可操作地耦接至变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于将例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出)的转矩消耗组件放置在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上,包括转速与发动机转矩的发动机14的功率输出可不同于至变速器10的输入速度NI与输入转矩TI
典型的变速器10包括三组行星齿轮装置24、26与28,以及四个选择性地可接合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75。如本文中使用的离合器指的是任何类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如包括单个或复合盘式离合器或组、带式离合器,以及制动器。优选地由变速器控制模块(以下为TCM)17控制的液压控制电路(HYD)42可操作用于控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选地包括使用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选地包括液压控制的固定装置,固定装置可选择性地接地(ground)至变速箱68。每个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75均优选地使用液压,经由液压控制电路42选择性地接收加压液压流体。
第一与第二电机56与72优选地包括三相AC电机,每个均包括定子(未示出)与转子(未示出)以及各自的旋转变压器80和82。每个电机的电动机定子接地至变速箱68的外部,并且包括定子铁心,定子铁心具有从其中延伸出来的线圈电绕组。第一电机56的转子被支撑于毂衬齿轮上,毂衬齿轮经由第二行星齿轮装置26可操作地附接至轴60。第二电机72的转子固定地附接至轴套毂66。
每个旋转变压器80和82优选地包括可变磁阻装置,可变磁阻装置包括旋转变压器定子(未示出)和旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80与82适当地定位并装配在相应的第一与第二电机56与72上。旋转变压器80和82的各自的定子可操作地连接第一和第二电机56和72的定子。旋转变压器转子可操作地连接相应的第一与第二电机56和72的转子。每个旋转变压器80和82信号地且可操作地连接至变速器功率变换器控制模块(以下为TPIM)19,每个TPIM 19传感并监控旋转变压器转子相对于旋转变压器定子的旋转位置,由此监控第一与第二电机56与72的各自旋转位置。此外,中断来自旋转变压器80与82的信号输出来分别提供第一与第二电机56与72的转速,即,NA和NB
变速器10包括输出元件64,例如可操作地连接至车辆(未示出)的传动系90的轴,以提供输出功率到传动系90,所述功率传递至车轮93(其中一个车轮示于图1)。通过输出转速NO与输出转矩TO表征输出元件64的输出功率。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的转速与旋转方向。每个车轮93优选地装配有适于监控轮速的传感器94,轮速输出由图2中描述的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块监控来确定车速,以及制动控制、牵引控制和车辆加速度控制的绝对与相对轮速。
来自发动机14的输入转矩及第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩(分别为TI,TA及TB)由燃料或存储在电能存储装置(以下为ESD)74中的电势的能量转化而生成。ESD 74经由DC传递导体27高压DC耦接至TPIM 19。传递导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常运行下,电流可以在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38断开时,中断在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间的电流。TPIM 19通过传递导体29将电力传递至第一电机56,并且从第一电机56传出电力,TPIM 19类似地通过传递导体31将电力传递至第二电机72,并且从第二电机72传出电力,以此来满足响应于电动机转矩TA与TB的第一与第二电机56与72的转矩指令。根据ESD 74正在充电或放电,电流传递至ESD 74或从ESD 74传出。
TPIM 19包括一对功率变换器(未示出)和各自的电动机控制模块(未示出),其配置用于接收电动机转矩指令,并且由指令控制变换器状态,以此来提供电动机驱动或再生功能来满足受指令控制的转矩TA和TB。功率变换器包括已知的补偿三相功率电子装置,并且每个补偿三相功率电子装置均包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),绝缘栅双极晶体管通过高频转换,将ESD 74的DC功率转换为AC功率,为相应的第一与第二电机56与72提供功率。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成配置用于接收控制指令的开关模式电源。每个三相电机的每一相均典型地存在一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态来提供电动机驱动机械功率生成或电力再生功能。三相变换器经由DC传递导体27接收或供给DC功率,并将其转换为三相AC功率或从三相AC功率转换而来,三相AC功率分别经由传递导体29与31被传导至第一与第二电机56与72或从第一与第二电机56与72传导而来,用于第一与第二电机56与72作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图。以下描述的元件包括整车控制结构的子系统,并提供图1中描绘的典型动力系的协同系统控制。分布式控制模块系统综合相关信息和输入,并执行算法来控制各种致动器以满足控制目的(包括涉及燃油经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能以及包括ESD 74的电池及第一与第二电机56与72的硬件保护的目的)。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(以下为ECM)23,TCM 17,电池组控制模块(以下为BPCM)21,以及TPIM 19。混合动力控制模块(以下为HCP)5提供ECM 23,TCM 17,BPCM21与TPIM 19的监管控制与协同。用户界面(UI)13可操作地连接至多个装置,通过用户界面,车辆操作者控制或指挥机电混合动力系的运行。所述装置包括加速踏板113(AP),操作者制动踏板112(BP)、变速器档位选择器114(PRNDL),以及车速巡航控制(未示出)。PRNDL 114可具有操作者可选择位置的离散数字,包括输出元件64的旋转方向,以实现前进与倒退方向之一。
前述控制模块经由局域网(以下为LAN)总线6与其它控制模块,传感器,以及致动器相通讯。LAN总线6允许各个控制模块之间的运行参数状态与致动器指令信号的结构化通讯。使用的特定通信协议为专用的。LAN总线6与适当的协议提供用于前述控制模块与其它控制模块(提供包括例如防抱死制动,牵引控制和车辆稳定性的功能)之间的稳定的信息传送及多重控制模块接口连接。多重通讯总线可用于提高通讯速度,并且提供一定级别的信号冗余度与完整性。单个控制模块之间的通讯也可使用例如串行外设接口(SPI)总线(未示出)的直接联接。
HCP 5提供混合动力系的监管控制,用于ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19以及BPCM 21的协同运行。基于来自用户界面13以及混合动力系(包括ESD 74)的各种输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者转矩需求、输出转矩指令、发动机输入转矩指令、变速器10的应用转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75的离合器转矩,以及第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩指令TA和TB
ECM 23可操作地连接至发动机14,并且用于从发动机14的传感器与控制致动器在多条分离的线路上获取数据,为了简化起见,多条分离的线路以集合的双向接口电缆35示出。ECM 23从HCP 5接收发动机输入转矩指令。基于监控的发动机速度与载荷,ECM 23确定当时提供至变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,其被传送至HCP 5。ECM 23监控来自转速传感器11的输入来确定发动机对于输入轴12的输入速度,该速度转变为变速器输入速度NI。ECM 23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定其它发动机运行参数的状态,包括例如歧管压力、发动机冷却温度,环境空气温度以及环境压力。例如,可以由歧管压力,或可替换地由监控操作者对加速踏板113的输入而确定发动机载荷。ECM23产生并传送指令信号来控制发动机致动器,包括例如燃料喷射器、点火模块,以及节气门控制模块,这些均未示出。
TCM 17可操作地连接至变速器10,并且监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM 17生成并传送指令信号来控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制电路42。从TCM 17至HCP 5的输入包括估算的每个离合器(即,C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75)的离合器转矩以及输出元件64的输出转速NO。为了控制目的,可使用其它致动器与传感器将附加信息从TCM 17提供至HCP5。TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地致动压力控制电磁线圈(未示出)和液压电路42的切换电磁线圈(未示出),以此来选择性地致动各种离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,以及C4 75,从而达到如下文所述的各种变速工作范围状态。
BPCM 21信号地连接至传感器(未示出)来监控ESD 74(包括电流与电压参数的状态)来将ESD 74的电池的参数状态的指示信息提供至HCP 5。电池的参数状态优选地包括电池充电状态、电池电压、电池温度,以及有效电池功率(指的是PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX的范围)。
制动控制模块(以下为BrCM)22可操作地连接至每个车轮93的摩擦制动器(未示出)。BrCM 22监控至制动踏板112的操作者输入,产生控制摩擦制动器的控制信号,并向HCP 5发送控制信号来基于HCP 5运行第一与第二电机56与72。
每个控制模块ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19,BPCM 21和BrCM22优选地为通用数字计算机,包括微处理器或中央处理器,存储介质,其包括只读存储器(ROM),随机存取存储器(RAM),电子可编程只读存储器(EPROM),高速时钟,模数(A/D)与数模(D/A)电路,输入/输出电路与装置(I/O),以及适当的信号调节与缓冲电路。每个控制模块都具有一组控制算法,包括存储在存储介质之一中并被执行来提供每个计算机各自功能的驻存程序指令和校准。控制模块之间的信息传递优选地使用LAN总线6与SPI总线来完成。在预设循环周期期间执行控制算法使得每个算法在每个循环周期中执行至少一次。存储在非易失存储装置中的算法由中央处理器之一执行来监控来自传感装置的输入,并且执行控制与诊断程序来通过使用预设校准控制致动器的运行。以规则时间间隔执行循环周期,例如在混合动力系的当前运行过程中每隔3.125,6.25,12.5,25以及100毫秒。可替换地,可响应于事件的发生而执行算法。
典型的混合动力系选择性地以几种状态之一运行,工作范围状态可通过发动机状态与变速器工作范围状态描述,其中发动机状态包括发动机工作状态(ON)与发动机停止状态(OFF)之一,变速器状态包括多个固定档位与连续变量运行模式,以下参照表1描述。
表1
表中描述了每个变速器工作范围状态并指示每个工作范围状态中使用的是特定离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75中的哪个。为了“接地”第三行星齿轮装置28的外部齿轮元件,仅通过使用离合器C1 70来选择第一连续变量模式,即EVT模式1,或者M1。发动机状态可以为ON(M1_Eng_On)或OFF(M1_Eng_Off)之一。仅通过使用离合器C2 62来选择第二连续变量模式,即EVT模式2,或者M2,以此来将轴60连接至第三行星齿轮装置28的承载件。发动机状态可以为ON(M2_Eng_On)或者OFF(M2_Eng_Off)之一。为了本说明书的目的,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度等于每分钟零转(RPM),即发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位运行提供变速器10的输入/输出速度的固定比率运行,即NI/NO。通过使用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选择第一固定档位运行(G1)。通过使用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选择第二固定档位运行(G2)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选择第三固定档位运行(G3)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选择第四固定档位运行(G4)。由于行星齿轮24,26及28中降低的传动比,因此输入/输出速度的固定比率运行随着升高的固定档位运行而提高。第一与第二电机56与72各自的转速NA和NB取决于由离合器限定的机构内部转速,并且与输入轴12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于由用户界面13获取的经由加速踏板113与制动踏板112的操作者输入,HCP 5及一个或多个其它控制模块确定转矩指令来控制转矩产生装置(包括发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72),以此来满足在输出元件64处并且传递至传动系90的操作者转矩需求。基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD74的混合动力系的输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者转矩需求,从变速器10至传动系90的受指令控制的输出转矩,来自发动机14的输入转矩,变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩;以及第一与第二电机56与72各自的电动机转矩,如下所述。
最终的车辆加速度会受其它因素的影响,包括例如道路载荷,道路坡度,以及车辆重量。基于混合动力系的运特性,确定发动机状态和变速器工作范围状态。这包括操作者转矩需求,其如前所述通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传送至用户界面13。变速器工作范围状态和发动机状态能够以由指令产生的混合动力系转矩要求为基础,在电能生成模式或转矩生成模式中运行第一与第二电机56与72。变速器工作范围状态和发动机状态可以由最佳算法或程序确定,其基于操作者对功率,电池充电状态,以及发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72的能量效率的要求而确定最佳系统效率。控制系统基于执行的最佳程序的结果来管理发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72的转矩输入,因此最佳化系统效率来管理燃料经济性与电池充电。而且,可以基于组件或系统中的故障确定运行。HCP 5监控转矩产生装置,并且确定输出元件64处所需的变速器10的功率输出,其满足操作者转矩需求同时满足其它动力系运行要求(例如给ESD74充电)。如从以上描述中显而易见的,ESD 74及第一与第二电机56与72电动可操作地耦接,用于传递它们之间的功率流。而且,发动机14,第一与第二电机56与72,以及机电变速器10机械可操作地耦接来传递它们之间的功率,从而产生至输出元件64的功率流。
图3显示了一种控制系统结构,用于控制和管理在具有多个转矩产生装置的混合动力系系统中的信号流,其在下文参照图1和2的混合动力系系统描述,并以可执行的算法或校准的形式贮存在上述控制模块中。控制系统结构也可应用于具有多个转矩产生装置的可替换混合动力系系统,包括例如具有发动机和单个电机的混合动力系系统、具有发动机和多个电机的混合动力系系统。可替换地,混合动力系系统可以使用非电转矩机构和能量存储系统,例如使用液压动力转矩机构的液压-机械混合动力变速器(未示出)。
在运行中,加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入被监控来确定操作者的转矩需求(To-req)。发动机14和变速器10被监控来确定输入速度(Ni)和输出速度(No)。策略最佳控制系统(策略控制)310基于输出速度和操作者转矩需求确定优选输入速度(输入速度描述)和优选发动机状态和变速器工作范围状态(混合动力范围状态描述),并基于混合动力系的其它运行参数(包括电池功率极限和发动机14、变速器10和第一和第二电机56和72的响应极限)被最佳化。策略最佳控制系统310优选在每100ms循环周期和每25ms循环周期期间由HCP5执行。所需的变速器10的工作范围状态和从发动机14到变速器10所需的输入速度输入到换挡执行和发动机启动/停止控制系统320的输入。
换挡执行和发动机启动/停止控制系统320通过指令控制变速器运行中的变化(变速器命令),包括基于输入和动力系系统运行改变工作范围状态。这包括如果优选工作范围状态不同于当前工作范围状态,则通过指令控制一个或多个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75和其它变速器命令的应用的改变,从而指令控制变速器工作范围状态中改变的执行。当前工作范围状态(实际混合动力范围状态)和输入速度曲线(Ni-Prof)可以被确定。输入速度曲线是即将输入速度的估算且优选地包括标量参数值,其目标为即将运行循环周期的输入速度。发动机运行指令和操作者转矩需求基于在变速器工作范围状态中的转变过程的输入速度曲线。每个离合器的离合器转矩(Tc1)在TCM17中被估算(包括当前应用离合器和未应用的离合器)。
战术控制系统(战术控制和操作)330在一个控制循环周期内被重复地执行来确定运行发动机的发动机命令,包括基于输出速度、输入速度、操作者转矩需求和变速器当前工作范围状态的从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩。发动机命令还包括发动机状态(包括全缸运行状态和部分发动机工作缸停用及没有供给燃料的停缸运行状态之一),并且发动机状态包括供给燃料状态和停供燃料状态之一。当前发动机输入转矩(Ti)与输入元件12的相互作用在ECM23中确定。
输出和电动机转矩确定系统340被执行来确定动力系的优选输出转矩(输出转矩命令)。这包括确定电动机转矩指令(TA,TB)来传递满足操作者转矩需求的净输出转矩到变速器10的输出元件64,在本实施例中是通过控制第一和第二电机56和72来实现的。即时加速输出转矩需求、即时制动输出转矩需求、发动机14当前输入转矩和估算的应用离合器转矩、变速器10当前工作范围状态、输入速度,输入速度曲线和轴转矩响应类型都是输入。输出和电动机转矩确定系统340在一个循环周期的每个迭代中执行来确定电动机转矩指令。输出和电动机转矩确定系统340包括算法代码,其在6.25ms和12.5ms循环周期内规律地执行以确定优选的电动机转矩指令。
混合动力系被控制来传递输出转矩到输出元件64并由此传递到传动系90,从而当变速器齿轮选择器114的操作者选择位置通过指令控制车辆向前运行的时候,产生作用于车轮93的牵引转矩,响应于操作者在加速踏板113上的输入而向前驱动车辆。类似地,混合动力系被控制来传递输出转矩到输出元件64并由此传递到传动系90,从而当变速器齿轮选择器114的操作者选择位置通过指令控制车辆向后运行的时候,产生作用于车轮93的牵引转矩,响应于操作者在加速踏板113上的输入而向后驱动车辆。优选地,只要输出转矩足以克服车辆外部载荷(例如,道路坡度、空气动力载荷和其它载荷),对车辆的驱动就可以导致车辆加速。
发动机14和变速器10的运行受到发动机14的功率、转矩和转速极限;第一和第二电机56和72;ESD74和离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的约束。发动机14和变速器10上的运行约束可以被转化为一组系统约束方程,作为一个控制模块(例如,HCP5)中的一个或多个算法而执行。
再次参照图1,在整体运行中,变速器10在一个实施例中通过转矩传递离合器的选择性致动在一个工作范围状态中运行作。每个发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的转矩约束,以及发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的速度约束是确定的。ESD74的电池电量(battery power)约束,即有效电池电量是确定的,并且用于进一步限制第一和第二电机56和72的运行。动力系优选的工作区域使用系统约束方程确定,所述方程基于电池电量约束、电动机转矩约束、速度约束和离合器作用转矩约束。优选工作区域包括发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的允许工作转矩或速度的范围。通过导出并同时求解变速器10的动力学方程,转矩极限(在本实施例中是输出转矩TO)可以使用线性方程来确定,包括:下式
TM1=TAtoTM1*TA+TBtoTM1*TB+Misc_TM1;                    [1]
TM2=TAtoTM2*TA+TBtoTM2*TB+Misc_TM2;                    [2]
TM3=TAtoTM3*TA+TBtoTM3*TB+Misc_TM3                      [3]
在一个实施例中,转矩值包括:TM1代表输出元件64中的输出转矩TO,TM2代表输入轴12中的输入转矩TI,并且TM3代表变速器10中的应用转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的离合器转矩。
因子TAtoTM1,TAtoTM2和TAtoTM3是TA分别对TM1,TM2,TM3的影响因子。因子TBtoTM1,TBtoTM2和TBtoTM3是TB分别对TM1,TM2,TM3的影响因子。因子Misc-TM1,Misc-TM2和Misc-TM3是不受TA,TB影响的有关TM1,TM2,TM3的常数,TM1,TM2,TM3参数(例如输入元件12速度随时间变化率,输出元件64速度随时间变化率,转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的滑动速度)都取决于应用,并在本文中描述。转矩参数TA和TB是来自第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩。转矩参数TM1,TM2,TM3可以是取决于工作范围状态和应用的任意三个独立参数。
由于机械和系统的局限,发动机14和变速器10和第一和第二电机56和72都有速度约束、转矩约束、和电池电量约束。所述速度约束可以包括发动机14的速度NI=0(发动机关闭状态),和发动机14的速度NI从600rpm(怠速)到6000rpm的范围的发动机速度约束。本实施例中第一和第二电机56和72的典型速度约束可为:
-10,500rpm≤NA≤+10,500rpm,
-10,500rpm≤NB≤+10,500rpm,
并且可根据工作条件发生变化。转矩约束包括第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩约束,包括TA_MIN≤TA≤TA_MAX和TB_MIN≤TB≤TB_MAX。当第一电机56以正的转速分别作为转矩电动机和发电机工作时,电动机转矩约束TA_MAX和TA_MIN包括第一电机56的转矩极限。当第二电机72以正旋速度分别作为转矩电动机和发电机工作时,电动机转矩约束TB_MAX和TB_MIN包括第二电机72的转矩极限。最大和最小电动机转矩TA_MAX,TA_MIN,TB_MAX和TB_MIN优选地从存储在一个控制模块的一个存储装置的列表格式中的数据组获取。这些数据组可以从传统的动力计在各种温度和电压条件下对组合的电机和功率电子设备(例如,TPIM19)的测试中经验地导出。电池电量约束包括在PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX范围内的有效电量,其中PBAT_MIN是最大允许电池充电功率,PBAT_MAX是最大允许电池放电功率。下文中描述的所述系统的运行被已知发动机输入速度和转矩确定,并且这些方程式的导出基于变速器14内的转矩传递。
工作范围(包括转矩输出范围)基于ESD74的电池电量约束是可以确定的。电池电量使用的计算,PBAT如下:
PBAT=PA,ELEC+PB,ELEC+PDC_LOAD                                 [4]
其中PA,ELEC包括第一电机56的电功率,
PB,ELEC包括第二电机72的电功率,以及
PDC_LOAD包括已知DC载荷,包括附属载荷。
取代方程式中的PA,ELEC和PB,ELEC,产生了如下方程式:
PBAT=(PA,MECH+PA,LOSS)+(PB,MECH+PB,LOSS)+PDC_LOAD           [5]
其中PA,MECH包括第一电机56的机械功率,
PA,LOSS包括第一电机56的功率损失,
PB,MECH包括第二电机72的机械功率,以及
PB,LOSS包括第二电机72的功率损失。
方程式5也可以重新表述为下面的方程式6,其中速度NA和NB和转矩TA和TB,取代功率PA和PB。这包括假设电动机和变换器损失可以由数学建模成基于转矩的二次方程式,如下:
PBAT=(NATA+(a1(NA)TA 2+a2(NA)TA+a3(NA)))                    [6]
      +(NBTB+(B1(NB)TB 2+B2(NB)TB+B3(NB)))+PDC_LOAD
其中NA,NB包括第一和第二电机56和72的电动机速度,
TA,TB包括第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩,以及
a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3每个都包括各自电机速度NA,NB的函数的二次系数。
这可以重新表述为下式:
PBAT=a1*TA 2+(NA+a2)*TA+b1*TB 2+(NB+b2)*TB                 [7]
      +a3+b3+PDC_LOAD
这可简化为:
PBAT=a1[TA 2+TA(NA+a2)/a1+((NA+a2)/(2*a1))2]              [8]
      +b1[TB 2+TB(NB+b2)/b1+((NB+b2)/(2*b1))2]
      +a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
这可简化为:
PBAT=a1[TA+(NA+a2)/(2*a1)]2+b1[TB+(NB+b2)/(2*b1)]2       [9]
      +a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
这可简化为:
PBAT=[SQRT(a1)*TA+(NA+a2)/(2*SQRT(a1))]2                 [10]
      +[SQRT(b1)*TB+(NB+b2)/(2*SQRT(b1))]2
      +a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
这可简化为:
PBAT=(A1*TA+A2)2+(B1*TB+B2)2+C                           [11]
其中
A1=SQRT(a1),
B1=SQRT(b1),
A2=(NA+a2)/(2*SQRT(a1)),
B2=(NB+b2)/(2*SQRT(b1)),and
C=a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
这可以重新表述为:
PBAT=PA_ELEC+PB_ELEC+PDC_LOAD    [11A]
其中
PA_ELEC=(A1*TA+A2)2+CA
PB_ELEC=(B1*TB+B2)2+CB
其中
CA=a3-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)
CB=b3-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)
C=CA+CB+PDC_LOAD
电动机转矩TA和TB可以变形为TX和TY,如下:
T X T Y = A 1 0 0 B 1 * T A T B + A 2 B 2 - - - [ 12 ]
其中TX是TA的变形,
TY是TB的变形,以及
A1,A2,B1,B2包括专用标量值。
方程式11还可以简化如下:
PBAT=(TX 2+TY 2)+C             [13]
PBAT=R2+C                   [14]
方程式12特指电动机转矩的变形TA至TX和电动机转矩的变形TB至TY。因此,称为TX/TY空间的新坐标系确定,方程式13包括变形至TX/TY空间的电池电量PBAT。所以,最大和最小电池电量PBAT_MAX和PBAT_MIN之间的有效电池电量可以被计算并且在TX/TY空间中以轨迹(0,0)为中心的半径(RMAX和RMIN)示出,中心点由字母K表示,其中:
RMIN=SQRT(PBAT_MIN-C)
RMAX=SQRT(PBAT_MAX-C)
最小和最大电池电量PBAT_MAX和PBAT_MIN优选地与各种条件有关,例如,充电状态,温度,电压和使用时间(安培时/小时)。在给定的电机转速NA,NB,忽略电动机转矩极限时,上述参数C被定义为绝对最小可能电池电量。实际上,当TA=0和TB=0时,第一和第二电机56和72的机械输出功率为0。实际上TX=0和TY=0对应于ESD74最大充电条件。正极符号(+)定义为从ESD74放电,负极符号(-)定义为对ESD74充电。RMAX定义最大电池电量典型地为放电电量,RMIN定义最小电池电量典型地为充电电量。
如图4所示,前述到TX/TY空间的变形由第二坐标系K表示,电池电量约束表示为半径为RMIN和RMAX的同心圆,并且线性表示了限制允许运行区域的电动机转矩约束。分析上,方程式12中确定的变形向量[TX/TY]与方程式13中限定的向量联立解出,从而在TX/TY空间确定允许转矩范围,所述TX/TY空间由最小和最大电池电量PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX约束的电动机转矩TA和TB组成。TX/TY空间中允许电动机转矩范围表示在图4中,其中点A,B,C,D和E表示界点,并限定了线和半径。第一坐标系L描绘了与TX/TY空间有关的TA/TB空间。
图5A和5B示意性地显示了控制系统并且图6A和6B用图示地显示了图5A和5B中的确定从具有多个转矩产生装置的动力系系统的优选输出转矩的控制系统的运行,在下文中参照图1和2中描绘的动力系系统来进行描述,所述控制系统以可执行的算法和校准的形式贮存在前述控制模块中,并且优选地在图3中的控制系统结构中使用。
图5A描绘了在一个连续变量模式的工作范围状态中的运行。在一个模式的工作范围状态正在运行期间,操作者在加速踏板113和制动踏板112上的输入被监控来确定操作者转矩需求。系统基于输入来计算偏移电动机转矩(offsetmotor torques),所述输入包括变速器10的工作范围状态,其基于系统惯性、系统阻尼和离合器滑动的输入转矩和项(TA Misc Opt,TB Misc Opt,TCL1 MiscOpt),其参照方程式17,18和19(510)在下文中描述。项CL1表示第一应用离合器,即所述本实施例中离合器C170和C262之一,TCL1是经过CL1传递的转矩。偏移电动机转矩和离合器转矩为输入,以此来计算输出转矩的线性转矩约束(520)并计算输出转矩的非约束二次解(530)。
输出转矩的非约束二次解(530)通过使用ESD74功率极限(即有效电池电量PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX),偏移电动机转矩约束,根据第一和第二电机56和72的效率和功率损失的机械转矩和电功率之间的转化系数限定的电动机转矩特性(环形空间系数),和与第一和第二电机56和72转矩输出和应用离合器的作用转矩有关的其它标量项(KTAfromTo,KTBfromTo,KTCL1fromTo)来计算。上述的输入被用于计算变速器10输出转矩的第一约束,包括非约束二次解,其包括最佳输出转矩(TO *)和最佳电池电量(P* BAT),用于不考虑其它系统约束而运行系统。能量存储装置74的功率可数学地表示为变速器输出转矩To的函数,如方程式15所示。
PBAT(TO)=(a1 2+b1 2)(TO-TO *)2+PBAT *             [15]
其中a1和b1表示为特定应用确定的标量值。方程式15可解出输出转矩,如方程式16所示:
T O ( P BAT ) = T O * ± P BAT - P BAT * a 1 2 + b 1 2 - - - [ 16 ]
对于有效电池电量范围PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX,方程式16可确定四个特征输出转矩,包括正根情况下的最大和最小二次输出转矩约束(To@PBATMax Opt(正根)和To@PBAT Min Opt(正根)),和负根情况下的最小和最大二次输出转矩约束(To@PBATMax Opt(负根)和To@PBATMin Opt(负根)),参照图6A所示。图6A显示了有效的,即基于电池电量约束确定的输出转矩的可得到的范围。
输出转矩的线性转矩约束,即最小和最大线性输出转矩(最小线性To,最大线性To)(520),基于偏移电动机转矩,与第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩和应用离合器的作用转矩有关的标量项(KTAfromTo,KTBfromTo,KTCL1fromTo),包括第一和第二电机56和72的最小和最大电动机转矩极限的电动机转矩约束而确定。最小和最大应用离合器CL1(和CL2)的离合器作用转矩由图表示有关于第一和所示(必要时)第二应用离合器的电动机转矩约束(TCL1MIN,TCL1MAX)和(TCL2MIN,TCL2MAX)。
图6B图示地显示了基于偏移电动机转矩,第一和第二电机56和72的最小和最大可得到的电动机转矩,应用离合器的最小和最大离合器作用转矩来确定最小和最大线性输出转矩(To Min Lin,To Max Lin)(520)。最小和最大线性输出转矩是满足电动机转矩约束且满足应用离合器约束的最小和最大输出转矩。典型的动力系系统的运行区域图示地示出,包括电动机转矩约束,其在一个实施例中包括第一和第二电机56和72的最大和最小可得到的电动机转矩(TA_MAX,TA_MIN,TB_MAX,TB_MIN)。应用离合器CL1和CL2的最小和最大离合器作用转矩由图表示有关于第一和所示(必要时)第二应用离合器的电动机转矩约束(TCL1MIN,TCL1MAX)和(TCL2MIN,TCL2MAX)。最小和最大线性输出转矩(To Min Lin,To Max Lin)基于偏移电动机转矩,第一和第二电机56和72的最小和最大可得到的电动机转矩,应用离合器的最小和最大离合器作用转矩而确定。最小和最大线性输出转矩是满足电动机转矩约束且满足应用离合器转矩约束的最小和最大输出转矩。在所示例子中,第二应用离合器CL2的最小和最大离合器作用转矩更少被约束且在电动机转矩约束之外,因此并不约束输出转矩。运行由第一应用离合器CL1的最小和最大离合器作用转矩和第二电机72的最大和最小电动机转矩约束(即TB-MAX和TB-MIN)限定的区域界定。最大线性输出转矩是本区域内的最大输出转矩,即,第二电机72的最大电动机转矩约束和第一应用离合器的最小离合器作用转矩(TCL1Min)之间的交汇处的输出转矩。最小线性输出转矩是本区域内的最小输出转矩,即,第二电机72的最小电动机转矩指令和第一应用离合器的最大离合器作用转矩(TCL1Max)之间的交汇处的输出转矩。
图5B描绘了一个固定档位工作范围状态中的运行。在一个固定档位工作范围状态正在运行期间,操作者在加速踏板113和制动踏板112上的输入被监控来确定操作者转矩需求。系统基于输入来计算补偿转矩,所述输入包括变速器10的工作范围状态,基于系统惯性、系统阻尼和离合器滑动的输入转矩和项(TOMisc Opt,TCL1 Misc Opt,TCL2 Misc Opt),其参照方程式20,21,22和23(510′)在下文中描述。项CL1表示第一应用离合器,即所述本实施例中离合器C1 70和C2 62之一,TCL1是经过CL1传递的转矩。CL2表示应用时的第二应用离合器,包括所述本实施例中离合器C2 62,C3 73和C4 75之一,TCL2是经过CL2传递的转矩。补偿转矩是输入,以此来计算线性输出转矩约束(520′)并计算输出转矩的非约束二次解(530′)。
输出转矩的非约束二次解(530′)通过使用ESD74功率极限(即有效电池电量PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX),偏移电动机转矩约束,根据第一和第二电机56和72的效率和功率损失的机械转矩和电功率之间的转化系数限定的电动机转矩特性(环形空间系数)(其详见方程式11),和与第一和第二电机56和72转矩输出和应用离合器的作用转矩有关的其它标量项(其优选地沿最佳电动机转矩分割线确定)(KTAfromTo,KTBfromTo,KTCL1fromTo,KTCL2fromTo)来计算。上述的输入被用于计算变速器10输出转矩的第一约束,包括非约束二次解,其包括最佳输出转矩(TO *)和最佳电池电量(P* BAT),用于不考虑其它系统约束而运行系统(530)。以上参照方程式15和16描述并参照图6A示出。
线性输出转矩约束,即最小和最大线性输出转矩(最小线性To,最大线性To)(520′),基于补偿转矩,与输出转矩和应用离合器的作用转矩有关的标量项(KTofromTA,KTofromTB,KTAfromTCL1,KTBfromTCL1,KTAfromTCL2,KTBfromTCL2),包括第一和第二电机56和72的最小和最大电动机转矩极限的电动机转矩范围(TA MIN,TA MAX,TB MIN,TB MAX)而确定。应用转矩传递离合器的最小和最大离合器作用转矩约束(TCL1Min,TCL1Max,TCL2Min,TCL2Max)(包括选定工作范围状态的专用离合器)被确定。包括最小和最大线性输出转矩的约束(最小线性To,最大线性To)被确定,其中最小线性输出转矩优选地包括前述最小转矩值中的最大值,最大线性输出转矩优选地包括前述最大转矩值中的最小值。
在工作范围状态和固定档位工作范围状态的两个模式中,输出转矩及最大和最小线性输出转矩的未约束二次解与优选的输出转矩结合来计算优选的输出转矩(To Opt)和输出转矩约束(To Min Raw,To Max Raw)(540)。所述优选的输出转矩通过搜索范围(To Min Search,To Max Search)进行说明,其优选地包括操作者转矩需求,或其它允许的转矩约束。优选的输出转矩可以包括在本实施例中,在输出转矩范围内最小化电池电量消耗并满足操作者转矩需求的输出转矩。
输出转矩约束(To Min Raw,To Max Raw)包括最大和最小的未过滤的输出转矩,其基于输入确定,所述输入包括输入速度,输出速度,电动机转矩约束,应用离合器的作用离合器转矩约束,发动机输入转矩,输入和输出加速度而确定。优选的输出转矩受输出转矩约束影响且基于允许的输出转矩范围确定,其是可以变化的且可包括即时加速器输出转矩需求。优选的输出转矩可包括对应于最小电池放电量的输出转矩或对应于最大电池充电量的输出转矩。优选的输出转矩基于动力系通过第一和第二电机56和72传递电功率并把电功率转化成机械转矩的能力;即时或当前转矩、速度;作用离合器转矩约束;电功率输出。
包括最大和最小未过滤输出转矩(To Min Raw,To Max Raw)和优选输出转矩(To Opt)的输出转矩约束可以通过在中立、模式和固定档位运行的一个工作范围状态中执行并求解最佳函数而确定。输出转矩约束包括当前输入转矩的优选输出转矩范围,在有效电池电量(PBATMin/Max′)中和在包括有效电动机转矩范围(TA Min/Max,TB Min/Max)的电动机转矩约束中,其受到应用转矩传递离合器的作用离合器转矩(TCL1Min,TCL1Max,TCL2Min,TCL2Max)的影响。在不制动的运行中,输出转矩需求被约束为最大输出转矩能力。
用于确定输出转矩的最大和最小约束和优选的输出转矩的输入包括ESD74的功率输出能力,其包括有效电池电量和ESD74的任何DC载荷,根据第一和第二电机56和72的效率和功率损失的机械转矩和电功率之间的转化系数(环形空间系数)限定的电动机转矩特性。而且变速器的当前工作范围状态(混合动力范围状态),输入转矩,输入速度(NI),输出速度(NO),离合器速度(NC),滑动离合器加速度(Ncsdot),输出元件64的加速度(Nodot),输入元件12的加速度(Nidot)和应用离合器的最大和最小作用离合器转矩(TCL1MIN,TCL1MAX,TCL2MIN,TCL2MAX)和未应用滑动离合器的估算转矩(Tcs)都被监控。上述加速度优选地基于目标加速度率的加速度曲线,但也可以是实际加速度。第一和第二电机56和72的有效电动机转矩范围也被监控并如上所述进行使用。
最佳函数优选地包括线性方程式,其在系统的当前运行过程中在可执行算法中应用并被解出来确定优选的输出转矩范围,从而最小化电池电量消耗并满足操作者转矩需求。所述线性方程式考虑了输入转矩(Ti),系统惯性和线性阻尼。优选地,模式运行的每个工作范围状态都有一个线性方程式。
当变速器14处在其中一个模式工作范围状态时,系统的线性方程式是方程式17:
T A T B T CL 1 = k T A From T O k T B FromT O k T CL 1 From T O T O + k T A From T I k T B From T I k T CL 1 FromT I T I +
a 11 a 12 a 21 a 22 a 31 a 32 * Nidot Nodot + b 11 b 12 b 21 b 22 b 31 b 32 * N I N O + - - - [ 17 ]
c 11 c 12 c 13 c 21 c 22 c 23 c 31 c 32 c 33 * Tcs 1 Tcs 2 Tcs 3
可以解出方程式17来确定最小化电池电量并满足操作者转矩需求的优选输出转矩。TCL1项表示在模式运行中通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递(即模式1的离合器C1 62和模式2的离合器C2 70)。项Tcs1,Tcs2,Tcs3表示在特定模式运行中通过未应用滑动离合器的转矩传递。
k T A From T I k T B From T I k T CL 1 From T I TI表示由于输入转矩TI对电动机转矩(TA,TB)和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1的贡献。标量项基于第一和第二电机56和72的转矩输出和与为特定系统应用确定的输入转矩(KTAfromTI,KTBfromTI,KTCL1fromTI)有关的应用离合器的作用转矩。
k T A From T O k T B From T O k T CL 1 From T O TO表示由于输出转矩TO对电动机转矩(TA,TB)和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1的贡献。标量项基于第一和第二电机56和72的转矩输出和与为特定系统应用确定的输入转矩(KTAfromTo,KTBfromTo,KTCL1fromTo)有关的应用离合器的作用转矩。
a 11 a 12 a 21 a 22 a 31 a 32 * Nidot Nodot 表示由于系统惯性对电动机转矩(TA,TB)和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1的贡献,其具有二个自由度。输入加速度项和输出加速度项被选为两个线性独立的系统加速度,其可用于表征动力系系统的组件的惯性。a11至a32项是为特定系统应用确定的系统特定标量值。
b 11 b 12 b 21 b 22 b 31 b 32 * N I N O 表示由于线性阻尼对电动机转矩(TA,TB)和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1的贡献,其具有二个自由度,速度被选为两个线性独立的系统速度,即输入和输出速度,其可用于表征动力系系统的组件的阻尼。b11至b32项是为特定系统应用确定的系统特定标量值。
c 11 c 12 c 13 c 21 c 22 c 23 c 31 c 32 c 33 * Tcs 1 Tcs 2 Tcs 3 表示由于未应用滑动离合器转矩对电动机转矩(TA,TB)和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1的贡献。Tcs1,Tcs2,Tcs3项表示通过未应用滑动转矩传递离合器的离合器转矩。c11至c32项是为特定系统应用确定的系统特定标量值。
方程式17可以重写为方程式18:
T A T B T CL 1 = k T A From T O k T B From T O k T CL 1 From T O T O + k T A From T I k T B From T I k T CL 1 From T I T I + T A Misc T B Misc T CL 1 Misc - - - [ 18 ]
其中偏移电动机转矩基于输入,所述输入包括变速器10工作范围状态,基于组合成单一向量的系统惯性,系统阻尼和离合器滑动(TAMisc,TBMisc,TCL1Misc)的输入转矩和项。
对于输入转矩TI,方程式18简化为如下的方程式19:
T A T B T CL 1 = k T A From T O k T B From T O k T CL 1 From T O T O + T A Offset T B Offset T CL 1 Offset - - - [ 19 ]
可以使用优选的输出转矩(To Opt)解出方程式19来确定第一和第二电机56和72的优选的电动机转矩(TAOpt,TBOpt)(550)。优选的电池电量(PBATOpt,PA Opt,PB Opt)可以基于(550)计算(560)。
当变速器14是固定档位工作范围状态之一时,系统的线性方程式是方程式20。
T O T CL 1 T CL 2 = k T O From T A k T O From T B k T CL 1 From T A k T CL 1 From T B k T CL 2 From T A k T CL 2 From T B * T A T B + k T O From T I k T CL 1 From T I k T CL 1 From T I T I - - - [ 20 ]
+ a 11 a 21 a 31 * N I + b 11 b 21 b 31 * Nidot + c 11 c 12 c 21 c 22 c 31 c 32 * Tcs 1 Tcs 2
方程式20可被解出来确定最小化电池电量并满足操作者转矩需求的优选的输出转矩。TCL1和TCL2项表示在固定档位运行中通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递。项Tcs1和Tcs2表示在特定固定档位运行中通过未应用滑动离合器的转矩传递。
k T O From T I k T CL 1 From T I k T CL 2 From T I * T I 表示由于输入转矩TI对输出转矩TO和通过应用离合器的反作用转矩传递TCL1和TCL2的贡献。标量项基于输出转矩和与为特定系统应用确定的输入转矩有关的应用离合器的作用转矩(KTofromTI,KTCL1fromTI,KTCL2from TI)。
k T O From T A k T O From T B k T CL 1 From T A k T CL 1 From T B k T CL 2 From T A k T CL 2 From T B * T A T B 表示由于电动机转矩TA和TB对输出转矩和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递的贡献。标量项基于输出转矩和与为特定系统应用确定的第一和第二电机56和72的转矩输出有关的应用离合器的作用转矩。
b 11 b 21 b 31 * Nidot 表示由于系统惯性对输出转矩和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递(TCL1,TCL2)的贡献,其具有单一自由度。输入加速度项被选为线性独立的系统加速度,其可用于表征动力系系统的组件的惯性。b11至b31项是为特定系统应用确定的系统特定标量值。
a 11 a 21 a 31 * N I 表示由于线性阻尼对输出转矩和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1和TCL2的贡献,其具有单一自由度。速度项被选为线性独立的系统速度,其可用于表征动力系系统的组件的阻尼。a11至a31项是为特定系统应用确定的系统特定标量值。
c 11 c 12 c 21 c 22 c 31 c 32 * Tcs 1 Tcs 2 表示由于未应用滑动离合器转矩对输出转矩和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1和TCL2的贡献,Tcs1,Tcs2项表示通过未应用滑动转矩传递离合器的离合器转矩。c11至c32项是为特定系统应用确定的系统特定标量值。
方程式20可重写成方程式21:
T O T CL 1 T CL 2 = k T O From T A k T O From T B k T CL 1 From T A k T CL 1 From T B k T CL 2 From T A k T CL 2 From T B T A T B + k T O From T I k T CL 1 From T I k T CL 2 From T I T I + k T O Misc k T CL 1 Misc k T CL 2 Misc - - - [ 21 ]
对于输入转矩TI,方程式21可重写成方程式22:
T O T CL 1 T CL 2 = k T O From T A k T O From T B k T CL 1 From T A k T CL 1 From T B k T CL 2 From T A k T CL 2 From T B T A T B + T O Offset T CL 1 Offset T CL 2 Offset - - - [ 22 ]
其中输出转矩和通过应用离合器的作用转矩传递TCL1和TCL2基于变速器10的工作范围状态的电动机转矩,各项基于组合成单一向量的输入转矩,系统惯性,系统阻尼和离合器滑动(TO Offset,TCL1 Offset,TCL2 Offset)。方程式22可以用方程式20中确定的优选输出转矩(TO Opt)求解来确定第一和第二电机56和72的优选电动机转矩,包括确定优选的电动机转矩分割(TA Opt,TB Opt)(550′)。
电动机转矩指令可以被用来控制第一和第二电机56和72来传递输出转矩到输出元件64并由此传递到传动系90,从而响应于操作者在加速踏板113上的输入产生作用于车轮93的牵引转矩来驱动汽车。优选地,只要输出转矩足以克服车辆外部载荷(例如,道路坡度、空气动力载荷和其它载荷),对车辆的驱动就可以导致车辆加速。
图7显示了用来确定优选输出转矩(TO Opt)(包括控制第一和第二电机56和72的优选电动机转矩(TAOpt,TBOpt))和基于所述转矩的优选电池电量(PBATOpt)的程序(700)。这包括确定最小和最大线性输出转矩(最小线性To,最大线性To)(710),并因此确定最小和最大输出转矩(To Min)(720)和(To Max)(730)。执行搜索确定最小输出转矩,并可计算优选输出转矩(TO Opt)(740)。这包括选择包括输出转矩最小搜索范围(To Min Search)和最大输出转矩(ToMax)的最小值的暂时输出转矩。优选输出转矩被选为暂时输出转矩、最小输出转矩和最小线性输出转矩的最大值。优选电动机转矩和电池电量(TA Opt,TBOpt,PBAT Opt)可以基于优选输出转矩确定(750),并用来控制动力系系统的运行。
图8显示了确定最小输出转矩(ToMin)的流程图720。图10和11显示了当在固定档位工作范围状态运行时的结果概念图。如本文在图6A和方程式15和16中所描述,可确定最大充电电池电量的优选输出转矩(To@PBATMin正根)(802)。最大充电电池电量的优选输出转矩与最小线性输出转矩(To Min Lin)比较(804)。当最小线性输出转矩大于或等于最大充电电池电量的优选输出转矩时,输出转矩被设置等于最小线性输出转矩(806)。这是在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700的优选输出转矩。
当最小线性输出转矩小于最小充电电池电量的优选输出转矩时,应用离合器的离合器转矩被确定用于在最大充电电池电量的优选输出转矩运行动力系系统(808)。为了图示的目的,应用离合器用CL1和CL2表示,其中应用离合器对于选定的变速器工作范围状态是特定的。当变速器10在一个模式工作范围状态中运行时(即,本实施例的M1和M2),与离合器CL2有关的转矩和力被忽略。当第一和第二应用离合器CL1和CL2的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩之间并因此可以得到时(810),输出转矩被设置等于最大充电电池电量的优选输出转矩(812)。
当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩之间并因此可以得到时(814),第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩与最大可得到离合器转矩比较(816),当大于时,优选输出转矩(To Min)在点(DCL2MAX)处被确定为最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin),输出转矩在点(DCL2MAX)处满足第二应用离合器CL2的最大可得到离合器转矩(TCL2MAX),并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(818)。这是在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(819)。
当第二应用离合器CL2小于最大可得到离合器转矩(即小于TCL2Min)时(816),优选输出转矩(To Min)在点(DCL2MIN)处被确定为最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin),输出转矩在点(DCL2MIN)处满足第二应用离合器CL2的最小可得到离合器转矩(TCL2MIN),并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(820)。这是在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(821)。
当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩不在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩之间时(814),确定第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩是否在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩内并因此可得到(822)。当第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩内时,输出转矩线斜率(To)与第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩斜率比较(824)。当输出转矩线(To)平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1),最小输出转矩(To Min)被确定为最小线性输出转矩(To Min Lin)(826)。这是在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700的优选输出转矩。
当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)大于第一应用离合器CL1的最大离合器转矩(TCL1MAX)时(828,830),优选输出转矩(To Min)在点(DCL1MAX)处被确定为最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin),输出转矩在点(DCL1MAX)处满足CL1最大可得到离合器转矩(TCL1MAX),并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(830)。这是在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700的优选输出转矩。
当输出转矩斜线(To)不平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)时,并且当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)小于第一应用离合器CL1的最小离合器转矩(TCL1MAX)(即,小于TCL2Min)时(828,834),优选输出转矩(To Min)在点(DCL1MIN)处被确定为最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin),输出转矩在点(DCL1MIN)处满足CL1的最小可得到离合器转矩(TCL1MIN),并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(834)。这是在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(835)。
当第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩之外时,第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩极限(TCL1 Limit)被设置成第一应用离合器CL1的最大离合器转矩(TCL1MAX)和第一离合器的离合器转矩(TCL1)的最大值和第一应用离合器CL1的最小离合器转矩(TCL1MIN)的最小值。第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩极限(TCL2Limit)被设置成第二应用离合器CL2的最大离合器转矩(TCL2MAX)和第二离合器转矩(TCL2)的最大值和第二应用离合器CL2的最小离合器转矩(TCL2MIN)的最小值(836)。
随后,输出转矩线斜率(To)与第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩线斜率进行比较(838)。当输出转矩线(To)平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)时,在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内,且满足第二应用离合器CL2离合器转矩极限(TCL2Limit)的最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin)的输出转矩(返回To)被确定(840)。最小输出转矩(To Min)被确定为最大线性输出转矩(To Max Lin)和返回输出转矩(返回的To)的最大值(841)。这是在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700的优选输出转矩。
当输出转矩线(To)不平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)时,第一输出转矩在最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin)处被确定,其在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内,且满足第一应用离合器CL1离合器转矩极限(TCL1Limit)。第二输出转矩在最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin)处被确定,其在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内,且满足第二应用离合器CL2离合器转矩极限(TCL2Limit)(842)。优选输出转矩为第一和第二输出转矩的最大值,其在720作为最小输出转矩To Min返回到程序700(844)。
图9显示了确定最大输出转矩(ToMin)的流程图730。图10和11显示了结果概念图。最大放电电池电量的优选输出转矩(To@PBATMax Opt),其包括图6A中的(To@PBATMax正根),并如参照本文图6A及方程式15和16所述可被确定(COPT)(902)。最大放电电池电量的优选输出转矩与最大线性输出转矩(To Max Lin)比较(904)。当最大放电电池电量的优选输出转矩大于最大线性输出转矩时,输出转矩(COPT)被设置等于最大线性输出转矩(906)。这是在720作为最大输出转矩To Max返回到程序700的优选输出转矩。
当最大放电电池电量的优选输出转矩小于或等于最大线性输出转矩时,应用离合器的离合器转矩被确定用于在最大放电电池电量的优选输出转矩处运行动力系系统(908)。为了图示的目的,应用离合器用CL1和CL2表示,其中应用离合器对于选定的变速器工作范围状态是特定的。当变速器10在一个模式工作范围状态中运行时(即,本实施例的M1和M2),与离合器CL2有关的转矩和力被忽略。当第一和第二应用离合器CL1和CL2的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器转矩之间并因此可以得到时(910),输出转矩被设置等于最大放电电池电量的优选输出转矩(912)。
当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩内并因此可以得到时(914),第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩与最大可得到离合器转矩比较(916),当大于时,优选输出转矩(To Max)在点(CCL2MAX)处被确定为最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMax),输出转矩在点(CCL2MAX)处满足第二应用离合器CL2的最大可得到离合器转矩(TCL2MAX),并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(918)。这是在720作为最大输出转矩To Max返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(919)。
当第二应用离合器CL2小于最大可得到离合器转矩时(916),优选输出转矩(To Max)在点(CCL2MIN)处被确定为最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMax),输出转矩在点(CCL2MIN)处满足第二应用离合器CL2的最小可得到离合器转矩,并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(920)。这是在720作为最大输出转矩To Max返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(921)。
当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩不在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩内时(914),确定第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩是否在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩内并因此可得到(922)。当第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩内时,输出转矩线斜率(To)与第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩斜率比较(924)。当输出转矩线(To)平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)时,优选输出转矩(To Max)被确定为最大线性输出转矩(To Max Lin)(926)。这是在720作为最大输出转矩To Max返回到程序700的优选输出转矩。
当输出转矩斜线(To)不平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)时,并且当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)大于第一应用离合器CL1的最大离合器转矩(TCL1MAX)(928,830)时,优选输出转矩(To Max)在点(CCL1MAX)处被确定为最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMaX),输出转矩在点(CCL1MAX)处满足CL1的最大可得到离合器转矩(TCL1Max),并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(930)。这是在720作为最大输出转矩To Max返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(931)。
当第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)小于第一应用离合器CL1的最大离合器转矩(TCL1MAX)时(928,934),优选输出转矩(To Max)在点(CCL1MIN)处被确定为最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMax),输出转矩在点(CCL1MIN)处满足CL1最小可得到离合器转矩(TCL1MIN),并且在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内(934)。这是在720作为最大输出转矩To Max返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(935)。
当第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩在相应的最小和最大离合器作用转矩之外时,第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩极限(TCL1Limit)被设置成第一应用离合器CL1的最大离合器转矩(TCL1MAX)和第一离合器转矩(TCL1)的最大值和第一应用离合器CL1的最小离合器转矩(TCL1MIN)的最小值。第二应用离合器CL2的离合器转矩极限(TCL2Limit)被没置成第二应用离合器CL2的最大离合器转矩(TCL2MAX)和第二离合器转矩(TCL2)的最大值和第二应用离合器CL2的最小离合器转矩(TCL2MIN)的最小值(932)。随后,输出转矩线斜率(To)与第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩斜率进行比较(938)。当输出转矩线(To)平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)时,在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内,且满足第二应用离合器CL2离合器转矩极限TCL2(TCL2Limit)的最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMax)的输出转矩(返回To)被确定(940)。最大输出转矩(To Max)被确定为最大线性输出转矩(To Max Lin)和返回输出转矩(返回To)的最大值(941)。这是在720作为最大输出转矩ToMax返回到程序700的优选输出转矩。
当输出转矩线(To)不平行于第一应用离合器CL1的离合器转矩(TCL1)时,第一输出转矩在最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMax)处被确定,其在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内,且满足第一应用离合器CL1离合器转矩极限(TCL1Limit)。第二输出转矩在最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMax)处被确定,其在电池电量约束和电动机转矩约束内,且满足第二应用离合器CL2离合器转矩极限(TCL2Limit)(942)。优选输出转矩为第一和第二输出转矩的最小值,其为在720作为最大输出转矩To Max返回到程序700的优选输出转矩(944)。
图10图示地显示了控制系统运行来利用参照图4,6A和6B所述的图形数学结构来控制参照图1,2和3所述的动力系系统。第一坐标系L表示TA/TB空间,并且其基于电动机转矩TA和TB。第二坐标系K表示把电动机转矩TA和TB变形到TX/TY空间,其参照图4和方程式1-12描述,并且图示了第一坐标系L和TA/TB空间的关系。第三坐标系M表示PBAT/TO空间,并且其基于电池电量PBAT与输出转矩TO的关系,参照图6A和方程式1-12描述。在所示运行中,变速器10在具有CL1=C170和CL2=C262的G2内运行。
独立确定的参数包括PBAT Min和PBAT Max,图示为关于第二坐标系K的TX/TY空间中的RMIN和RMAX。还示出了净零电池电量线R0。变形的电动机转矩约束可以在TX/TY空间或在TA/TB空间内确定并图示。第一坐标系L显示了TA=0和TB=0的TA/TB空间,其可以在TX/TY空间确定并相对于K坐标系图示。两点TA=0、TB=0和TX=0、TY=0定义了优选电动机转矩分割线(最佳电动机转矩分割线),其包括第一和第二电机56和72之间的的转矩分割线,所述转矩分割线达到最小功率消耗并能够基于电动机转矩约束确定并最小化输出转矩的电池电量。包括第一和第二离合器的最小、最大和零的离合器转矩(TCL1MIN,TCL1MAX,TCL1=0)和(TCL2MIN,TCL2MAX,TCL2=0)的离合器作用转矩范围可关于电动机转矩约束和电池电量约束被确定,且图示在与第二坐标系K相关的TX/TY空间或与第一坐标系L相关的TA/TB空间内。电池电量PBAT Min和PBATMax相对于显示PBAT与输出转矩To关系的第三坐标系M图示。第三坐标系M显示PBAT与输出转矩To的关系(从零输出转矩(To=0)增加输出转矩),包括表示最小和最大线性输出转矩(To Min Lin,To Max Lin)的线。最大和最小输出转矩被图示在第三坐标系(To@PBATMax Opt和To@PBATMax Opt),并且显示了正根情况,其导出参照图6A描述。最大和最小输出转矩如所示转换到TX/TY空间。
图10描绘了当运行没有被第一和第二离合器CL1和CL2的离合器转矩约束所约束时,参照图1和2描述的实施例在一个固定档位中的运行(即G2)。当最大充电电池电量的优选输出转矩(To@PBATMinOpt)大于最小线性输出转矩(To Min Lin),只要优选输出转矩未超出离合器转矩约束,优选输出转矩(DOPT)就是最大充电电池电量(To@PBATMin Opt)。当最大放电电池电量的优选输出转矩(To@PBATMax Opt)小于最大线性输出转矩(To Max Lin)时,只要优选输出转矩未超出离合器转矩约束,优选输出转矩(COPT)就是最大放电电池电量(To@PBATMax Opt)。
电动机转矩指令可以用来控制第一和第二电机56和72产生牵引转矩并在输出元件64作用牵引转矩。牵引转矩的作用包括作用在车轮93起始的转矩,其通过传动系90传递用于作为车辆制动和减速的一部分的再生运行。输出元件64的作用转矩被传递到第一和第二电机56和72中的一个或两个而产生可存储于ESD74或被第一和第二电机56和72中的另一个消耗的电能。电动机转矩控制系统340执行来在一个循环周期的每个迭代中确定电动机转矩指令。
应当理解的是,在本公开的范围内可以进行修改。本公开通过优选实施例和其修改进行描述。基于阅读和理解本说明书可以产生其它的进一步修改和替换。其旨在包括进入本公开的范围内的所有此类修改和替换。

Claims (20)

1、一种控制包括转矩机构和连接有能量存储装置的混合动力变速器的方法,混合动力变速器可操作以在固定档位工作范围状态中在输入元件,输出元件,所述转矩机构之间传递功率,所述方法包括:
确定优选输出转矩;
确定所述能量存储装置的功率和所述变速器输出转矩之间的关系;
确定所述能量存储装置的功率约束;
确定所述转矩机构的电动机转矩约束;
基于所述转矩机构的所述电动机转矩约束确定所述输出转矩的线性转矩约束;
基于所述能量存储装置的功率约束以及所述能量存储装置的功率与所述变速器装置的所述输出转矩之间的关系,确定二次输出转矩约束;以及
确定响应于优选输出转矩且基于所述线性输出转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到的所述输出元件的输出转矩。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,包括基于操作者转矩需求确定优选输出转矩。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
基于经由制动踏板上的操作者转矩需求确定优选输出转矩;以及
确定响应于优选输出转矩且基于所述线性输出转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到的对所述输出元件的输出转矩范围。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,包括基于所述输出元件的所述输出转矩范围确定再生制动能力,其响应于优选输出转矩且基于所述线性输出转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到。
5、根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定所述输出元件的输出转矩,其响应于优选输出转矩,最大化从所述转矩机构到所述能量存储装置的功率流,且基于所述线性输出转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到。
6、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,还包括响应于优选输出转矩确定所述输出元件的输出转矩,其基于所述线性输出转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到且最小化从所述能量存储装置到所述转矩机构的功率流。
7、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,包括:
确定固定档位工作范围状态的应用转矩传递离合器的离合器转矩约束;以及
基于所述离合器转矩约束和所述转矩机构的所述电动机转矩约束确定最大和最小线性输出转矩约束。
8、一种控制包括第一和第二电机和连接有电能存储装置的机电变速器的方法,在固定档位工作范围状态中,机电变速器操作在输入元件,输出元件,所述第一和第二电机之间传递功率,所述方法包括:
确定优选输出转矩;
确定所述电能存储装置的功率和传递至所述输出元件的输出转矩之间的关系;
确定所述电能存储装置的功率约束;
确定所述第一和第二电机的电动机转矩约束;
基于所述第一和第二电机的所述电动机转矩约束,确定第一输出转矩约束;
基于所述电能存储装置的功率约束和所述电能存储装置的功率与所述输出转矩之间的关系,确定第二输出转矩约束;以及
确定响应于所述优选操作者转矩需求且基于所述第一和第二输出转矩约束可得到的输出转矩。
9、根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于,包括基于操作者转矩需求确定优选输出转矩。
10、根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
基于经由制动踏板上的操作者转矩需求确定优选输出转矩;以及
确定响应于优选输出转矩且基于所述第一和第二输出转矩约束可得到的所述输出元件的输出转矩范围。
11、根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,包括基于所述输出元件的所述输出转矩范围确定再生制动能力,其响应于优选输出转矩且基于所述第一和第二输出转矩约束可得到。
12、根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定所述输出元件的输出转矩,其响应于优选输出转矩,最大化从所述转矩机构到所述能量存储装置的功率流,且基于所述第一和第二输出转矩约束可得到。
13、根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,还包括响应于优选输出转矩确定所述输出元件的输出转矩,其基于所述第一和第二输出转矩约束可得到且最小化从所述能量存储装置到所述转矩机构的功率流。
14、一种控制包括电机和连接有能量存储装置的混合动力变速器的方法,在固定档位工作范围状态中,机电变速器操作在输入元件,输出元件,所述电机之间传递功率,所述方法包括:
确定优选输出转矩;
确定所述能量存储装置的功率和所述变速器输出转矩之间的关系;
确定所述能量存储装置的功率约束;
确定所述电机的电动机转矩约束;
基于所述电机的所述电动机转矩约束确定最大和最小线性输出转矩约束;
基于所述能量存储装置的功率约束和所述能量存储装置的功率与所述变速器装置的所述输出转矩之间的关系,确定最大和最小二次输出转矩约束;以及
确定响应于优选输出转矩且基于所述线性输出转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到的输出转矩。
15、根据权利要求14的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
基于经由制动踏板上的操作者转矩需求确定优选输出转矩;以及
确定响应于优选输出转矩且基于所述最大和最小线性输出转矩约束和所述最大和最小二次输出转矩约束可得到的所述输出元件的输出转矩范围。
16、根据权利要求15的方法,其特征在于,包括基于所述输出元件的所述输出转矩范围确定再生制动能力,其响应于优选输出转矩且在所述最大和最小线性输出转矩约束和所述最大和最小二次输出转矩约束内可得到。
17、根据权利要求16的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定所述输出元件的输出转矩,其响应于优选输出转矩,最大化从所述转矩机构到所述能量存储装置的功率流,且在所述最大和最小线性输出转矩约束和所述最大和最小二次输出转矩约束内可得到。
18、根据权利要求14的方法,其特征在于,所述输出转矩响应于优选操作者转矩需求且基于所述线性转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到,当最大线性输出转矩约束小于最大二次输出转矩约束时,其包括最大线性输出转矩约束,且所述动力系操作在非再生运行中产生牵引转矩。
19、根据权利要求14的方法,其特征在于,所述输出转矩响应于优选操作者转矩需求且基于所述线性转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到,当最大线性输出转矩约束大于最大二次输出转矩约束时,其包括最大线性输出转矩约束,且所述动力系操作在非再生运行中产生牵引转矩。
20、根据权利要求14的方法,其特征在于,所述输出转矩响应于优选操作者转矩需求且基于所述线性转矩约束和所述二次输出转矩约束可得到,当最小线性输出转矩约束大于最小二次输出转矩约束时,其包括最小线性输出转矩约束,且所述动力系操作在非再生运行中产生牵引转矩。
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