CN101538639A - Apparatus for refining molten iron containing chromium - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a refining apparatus which can shorten the time required for refining and reduce the refining cost in the decarburization refining of molten iron containing chromium. In the refining apparatus of the molten iron containing chromium, the following components are configured sequentially: a vacuum refining container; an alloy and auxiliary material adding device which is installed at the upper part of the vacuum refining container; an exhaust cooler; a vacuum valve; a one-stage or multiple-stage jet pump type vacuum exhaust device and a water sealing vacuum valve. Furthermore the refining apparatus is provided with a vacuum degree control pressure regulating valve which returns one part of the exhaust discharged from the water sealing vacuum pump to the upriver side of the water sealing vacuum pump.

Description

The a refining unit that contains molten chromium

Patent application of the present invention be denomination of invention be " method of refining and a refining unit that contain molten chromium ", application number be 02818467.X, the applying date are on September 20th, 2002, enter the dividing an application of application for a patent for invention that the date in China national stage is on March 19th, 2004.

Technical field

The present invention relates in refining vessel oxygenous gas is blown into to contain carry out method of refining and a refining unit that purified contains molten chromium in the molten chromium.

Background technology

The refining chrome-bearing steel, particularly with headed by the stainless steel contain the chrome-bearing steel of the chromium more than 9% or 9% time, adopt mixed gas with oxygen or oxygen and rare gas element to be blown into AOD method (argon-oxygen-decarburization process) in the liquation that is housed in the refining vessel widely to take off charcoal purified method.In the AOD method, because when carrying out decarburization [C] concentration in the liquation being reduced, [Cr] becomes oxidized easily, thereby adopts the reduction of following [C] concentration to improve the ratio that is blown into the rare gas elementes such as Ar gas in the gas, with the method for the oxidation that suppresses [Cr].But, in low [C] concentration range, because of decarbonization rate reduces, so reach the time that desirable [C] concentration need be grown, and because of having improved the ratio of the rare gas element in the gas that is blown into, the consumption of expensive rare gas element increases considerably, and also is disadvantageous economically.

As the method that promotes the decarburization in low like this [C] concentration range, the utilization that can enumerate the vacuum refinement method.Open the spy and to disclose following carbonization treatment method in the flat 6-287629 communique: as being blown into gas, supply with the mixed gas of oxygen or oxygen and rare gas element, under atmospheric pressure carry out carbonization treatment, [C] concentration in liquation is reduced to 0.5 quality %, [C] concentration be reduced to this value maybe this below value after, make be decompressed in the container 200 the holder (26kPa) or 200 the holder (26kPa) below.By this under reduced pressure handling than higher [C] concentration, under reduced pressure use simultaneously the mixed gas with oxygen to carry out carbonization treatment, therefore, can seek under the situation of same oxygen supply amount, to improve decarbonization rate owing to improved the decarburization oxygen efficiency, reduce reduction with the unit consumption of Si and the unit consumption of the rare gas element of costliness, can shorten refining time simultaneously.Why the pressure in the container in the reduced pressure treatment being taken as 200 holders (26kPa) or 200 and holding in the palm below (26kPa), is because when being higher than this pressure, the decarburization oxygen efficiency can reduce.

Open in the flat 9-71809 communique the spy and also to disclose following method of refining: being blown into of gas of in atmosphere, containing oxygen, after carrying out decarburization, in C concentration is reduced to the step of 0.7～0.05 weight %, convert reduced pressure treatment to by atmospheric treatment, under the decompression of 200 holder (26kPa)～15 holders (2kPa), be blown into the gas that contains oxygen.Why reduced pressure being taken as 200 holders (26kPa) or 200 and holding in the palm below (26kPa), is owing to can not carry out reduced pressure treatment effectively under than the higher pressure of this pressure.

[C] concentration be 0.5 quality % or below the 0.5 quality % or [C] concentration carry out reduced pressure treatment when being 0.7 quality % or [C] concentration range below the 0.7 quality %, and in reduced pressure treatment, be blown into the gas that contains oxygen, just can realize the raising of decarbonization rate and the reduction of the usage quantity of the rare gas element of costliness, if can further seek the shortening of refining time and the reduction of rare gas element usage quantity, just more help the reduction of manufacturing cost and the raising of productivity.

On the other hand, be very difficult with AOD method refining [C] concentration at the Ultra-low carbon chrome-bearing steel below 0.01% or 0.01%.The utilization that can enumerate the vacuum refinement method as the method that promotes the decarburization under low like this [C] concentration range.Utilize the vacuum refinement method generally to be meant to carry out decarburization and after suitable [C] concentration, with molten steel, be transferred to the VOD method (vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing) of carrying out vacuum refinement in the vacuum refinement container and use the method that extraction hood is set, carries out the vacuum AOD stove of vacuum refinement on the AOD stove with converter.

As an example of VOD method, the spy open clear 51-142410 communique disclose in converter, carry out oxygen blowing after, handle with vacuum decarburization carry out carbonization treatment with ladle, [C] concentration after making vacuum-treat becomes 0.008% method.

As the method for using vacuum AOD stove, open the spy and to disclose following method in the clear 60-10087 communique: in the refining at chrome-bearing steel, under normal pressure, carry out refining at first and be reduced to about 0.2～0.4 quality % until carbon with oxygen, then in same container, use rare gas element continuously stirring molten steel on one side, stop to supply with oxygen on one side, make pressure in the container be reduced to 10 holders (1.3kPa) continuously or below 10 holders (1.3kPa), make [C] concentration after the vacuum-treat reduce to 0.013 quality %.

In aforesaid method,, therefore can suppress the oxidation of [Cr] because rare gas element is only used in the decarburization under the vacuum, but because the oxygen source of decarburization is the oxygen in [O] or the slag in the molten steel, the feed speed of oxygen is slack-off, so cause decarbonization rate to reduce the effective Decarburising and refining method of to say so.At this situation, open the Decarburising and refining method that discloses following chrome-bearing steel liquid in the flat 6-287629 communique the spy: supply with the mixed gas of oxygen and rare gas element as being blown into gas, under atmospheric pressure carry out Decarburising and refining [C] concentration in liquation and be reduced to 0.5 quality %, [C] concentration be reduced to this value maybe this below value after, to be decompressed to 200 holders (26kPa) in the container or below 200 holders (26kPa), carry out carbonization treatment.In the method, even in vacuum refinement, also supply with the gas that contains oxygen.Thus, because of the decarburization oxygen efficiency can improve, so can seek the raising of decarbonization rate, because of refining time can shorten, so can seek the significantly reduction of refining cost and the raising of productivity, [C] concentration be reached to the refining of 0.01 quality % or the Ultra-low carbon scope below the 0.01 quality % become easy.In this invention, the gas amount of being blown in the vacuum refinement is all got 0.3Nm ³/ minute ton.

Contain taking off in the carbon refining of molten chromium in Ultra-low carbon, by using vacuum refinement when the decarburization of low [C] scope, the bottom blown gas of using during simultaneously as vacuum refinement uses the gas that contains oxygen, can carry out of the refining of [C] concentration in 0.01 quality % or the Ultra-low carbon scope below the 0.01 quality %, but, reduction along with [C] concentration, decarbonization rate also slowly reduces, thereby if compare with common reaching to the carbon refining of taking off of low carbon range, in order to carry out decarburization, very long refining time just must be arranged to reach to such Ultra-low carbon scope.Therefore,, can cause taking off the reduction of charcoal purified productivity, bring the increase of refining cost simultaneously if compare with the refining of common low-carbon (LC) chrome-bearing steel.

In addition, about the vacuum refining furnace of a refining unit that contains molten chromium all kinds such as VOD, AOD, RH, REDA being arranged, is essential equipment but be used to make the vacuum-pumping equipment that becomes vacuum in the stove.Usually, making such vacuum refining furnace reach the vacuum-pumping equipment of the vacuum tightness of industry, is that squirt pump is combined multistagely, with vacuum tightness in the stove that reaches regulation.Cooperate that purified carries out controlling vacuum tightness in the vacuum refining furnace, normally in multistage squirt pump, start the single or multiple squirt pumps of the ability that balances each other with vacuum tightness, to guarantee the specified vacuum degree as target.

On the other hand, a kind of of the vacuum pumping hardware of industrial use is water-lute formula vacuum pump.Its occasion of use because of the problem of air pocket, is about 61 holders (8kPa) as arriving vacuum tightness separately, obtain the occasion of its above vacuum tightness, must be also with above-mentioned squirt pump.

Only use squirt pump to carry out the occasion of vacuum degree control, before squirt pump, be blown into nitrogen or air etc., be blown into flow and control in the stove or the vacuum tightness of pipeline by controlling it.

The occasion of using gas oxygen refining liquid steel under vacuum, the CO gas that the reason decarburizing reaction generates, the matrix metal splashings spray to the top of vacuum refining furnace from the liquid level of molten steel.When gas clean-up (when becoming high vacuum), generating capacity increases sharply, and they add on the hole bell pipeline etc. attached to the alloy on refining vessel top, cause obturation or various device operations fault, have hindered productivity.In addition, rapid decarburizing reaction can take place in gas clean-up and when increasing oxygen blast speed, and causing will near the phenomenon of a large amount of matrix metals from spraying simultaneously together the molten steel liquid level by the CO gas that produces, and promptly causes play to be boiled.This also will become big equipment failure, and productivity is worsened.

Like this, under vacuum the carbon containing liquation being carried out oxygen decarburization must minimum heart operation.Its main points are to control vacuum tightness oxygen blast speed according to the carbon concentration in the liquation.To oxygen blast speed wherein, can carry out to a certain degree control with the oxygen flow variable valve, but the against vacuum degree is not established sufficient control method as yet.

When using squirt pump in above-mentioned prior art, it is wide because of the monomeric limit of power of squirt pump that starting stops the method for multistage jet pump in turn, so can not control vacuum tightness subtly.In addition, as the spy open flat 10-1716 communique disclosed, start gas barrier simultaneously from the method for outside inflow gas (for example using nitrogen), though can carry out the control of vacuum tightness to a certain degree, the shortcoming that exists the cost of gas to raise.The method of using air to replace nitrogen is arranged as the method for cutting down the gas cost., though can control vacuum tightness itself, because the waste gas that attracts contains the CO of high density, in the occasion of the air of sneaking into the oxygen that contains combustion-supporting gas, the danger of combustion explosion is arranged, adopting on real machine is murther.In addition, during from outside inflow gas, the load of gas barrier increases, and is for example, because of the electrification increase of vacuum pump, also not good from energy-conservation viewpoint.In addition, in same patent, implement, control is to the method for the steam delivery volume of squirt pump, because of the best steam flow of the exhaust feature of squirt pump is a fixed, increases and decreases exhaust performance that their can significantly reduce squirt pump itself.In addition, simultaneously, pump performance is sprayed in steam flow change a little excessive influence sensitively, so it is just more difficult to control the refining vessel internal pressure subtly.

On the other hand, using the method for water-lute formula vacuum pump is the control that is used for vacuum tightness with independent pump now, but with squirt pump and with and in independent mode, reach then its scarce capacity of high vacuum, can not control vacuum tightness subtly.

In addition, the against vacuum refining vessel, under most occasions, for efficient is carried out refining well, perhaps for the final composition of regulating molten steel, in refining process or refining final period, to in molten steel, add alloy or subsidiary material, usually, fall naturally through chute, put in the container and add in the liquation by the alloy transfer hopper on the top that is arranged on refining vessel.

But, in refining vessel and since for stir liquation to be blown into Ar gas and in order to promote decarburization will be blown into oxygen, in refining vessel, cause the spray of matrix metal splashings to rise, the generation of dust etc.Therefore, matrix metal can attached to container on the interpolation hole of the alloy subsidiary material that are connected, cause fault easily because of its this interpolation hole obturation etc.Thereby, in order to suppress the generation of such fault, can take interpolation hole with the alloy subsidiary material to be located to be difficult to be subjected to perhaps in the occasion of the tall and big refining vessel of groove, to be located at the method on the top cover on the sidewall of influence of matrix metal splashings.In addition, the shared method of patchhole that also can take to make the alloy subsidiary material to add hole and top blow oxygen lance, but the situation of the long-term operate continuously of consideration vacuum refinement container in fact that a kind of method is all insufficient.

In addition, in the off gas treatment of the metallurgical furnace that comprises the atmospheric vacuum refining vessel, must cool off the pyritous waste gas that produces.For this reason, pipeline establish the water-cooled gas cooler midway, perhaps carry out water-cooled midway at pipeline.Will carry out heat exchange between pyritous waste gas and a large amount of water coolant this moment, because because of the wearing and tearing of pipeline pipeline subtract thick or crackle that thermal stresses produces etc., water coolant can take place drain to situation in the exhaust flow path from the pipeline pipeline.But, can't hold the situation of leaking of the inside that general exhaust gas treatment device is sealed.Therefore can not find inner leak and proceed original operation, surges of leaking, until the system that can not shift out that takes place to cause by leaking of the remarkable reduction of vacuum tightness or pipeline in addition etc. the operation of equipment fault.

Like this, will implement the maintenance of the maintenance gas cooler in the pipeline with certain frequency plan ground shut-down operation.In addition, the dust portion of accumulating in the gas cooler bottom is provided with the electrostatic capacitive test bar, utilizes to leak because of the wetting dust that leaks detects electrostatic capacitance change.

But, planned shut-down operation and the occasion of overhauling, the working rate of equipment reduces, and has damaged productivity.On the other hand, be difficult to carry out the adjusting of the electrostatic capacitance of test bar according to the wetting regime of dust with above-mentioned electrostatic capacitive test bar.For example, when leaking on a small quantity, leak, have to leak in a large number as the prerequisite that can detect because of under temperature height or vacuum, becoming steam easily, just can not detecting.Thereby detecting in advance under slight state leaks is extremely difficult.

In addition, make the vacuum refinement container reach the vacuum-pumping equipment of industrial vacuum, generally squirt pump is combined multistagely or use vacuum pump to reach vacuum tightness in the stove of regulation.Vacuum jet pump utilizes so-called " blowing the principle of mist ", carries out in the vacuum refinement container and the attraction exhaust of the waste gas in the pipeline equal vacuum route with the injection medium.This sprays the steam on the medium use general industry.In the condenser of the back segment of squirt pump, with the condensing water that becomes of steam, only waste gas carries out exhaust to back segment with water coolant.The condensing water of the water coolant of condenser and steam is temporarily catchmented near the hopper of water storage ground, with pump water is delivered in the cooling tower.On the other hand, industrial, vacuum pump uses the water-lute pump, use a large amount of water.Same with Water in Condenser, the water that uses in vacuum pump is catchmented water storage in hopper.

Contain a large amount of CO gas in waste gas, the most companions of waste gas bubble that these in Water in Condenser contain CO flow in the hopper.Therefore become the atmosphere gas that contains CO gas in the hopper and form, from the meaning that prevents that gas spills in the groove outside groove, as the function that hopper requires, its stopping property stopping property is very important.

The type of such hopper roughly has 2 kinds, and the sealed can of steel and coagulation earthen (a part of upper cover part is a steel) hot tub is arranged.The sealed can stopping property of steel is good, but the problem that has corrosion and installation cost to increase.On the other hand, the earthen hot tub of coagulation does not have etching problem, and installation cost is also relatively more cheap, but the problem with the stopping property of the lid of the steel on top is arranged.Following narration is main with the earthen hot tub of the latter's coagulation summary of the invention as an example, but equally also is suitable for the steel sealed can.

Problem for hot tub has 2 points, and the 1st is the problem that spill of gas from hot tub that contains CO, the problem of the 2nd suppression equipment when being water coolant generation overflow in hot tub damage.

As its countermeasure, what extensively adopt is to make with the attraction fan to carry out the deflated method in the hot tub forcibly.Thus, become negative pressure in the hot tub at ordinary times, the dangerous significantly reduction that internal gas spills.But hot tub internal cause gas attracts to become so-called negative pressure, will attract air from sealing also, and the gap of above-mentioned sealing will slowly enlarge.In this state, if attract fan to stop because of certain reason, the gas that then contains CO will spill from the gap of the sealing that enlarges in large quantities.

In addition, even to be cut off, to send back to pump out of service because of the power supply of sending pump system back to of certain reason hot tub, the conveying pump of large cooling column but works on as before.Like this, the water coolant in the hot tub continues to increase, so that overflow.As its countermeasure, can consider that at the open and close valve of installing by other power-supply system controls, still, wiring and large-scale open and close valve because of long distance must increase expense on the feedwater line of Water in Condenser sheathed pump.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of being blown into to carry out purified in the molten chromium containing in the refining vessel and contain in the method for refining of molten chromium at the gas that will contain oxygen, can reduce rare gas element and oxygen usage quantity, seek the method for refining of the shortening of refining time.

Another object of the present invention is to, provide a kind of and contain taking off in the carbon refining of molten chromium, can shorten the method for refining that refining is wanted the time, reduced the refining cost at ultralow-carbon.

In addition, the invention provides a kind of in the vacuum refinement container occasion of oxygen decarburization refining liquation, can control in the container or the device of the vacuum degree control method in the vacuum-pumping equipment of the vacuum tightness in the pipeline and this method of enforcement.

The present invention also aims to, even also can avoid the alloy subsidiary material to add blocked tightness system and the sealing method in hole under the refining condition that provides a kind of spray to play remarkable fierceness at the matrix metal splashings.

In addition, the present invention is with in the metallurgical furnace or the exhaust gas treatment device in the container as atmosphere refining or vacuum refinement equipment, particularly in the device of the water coolant that uses water cooled pipeline exhaust refrigerating unit etc., can detect accurately and leak, a kind of proofing unit that management is kept easily, weather resistance is good that leaks and just can detect and install that trace is arranged in processing is provided as purpose.

The present invention also aims to, a kind of problem that solves the hot tub aspect easily is provided, contain promptly that CO gas spills and the device of the suppression equipment damage when overflowing of the water coolant in hot tub from hot tub.

The present invention is in order to address the above problem, and its main points are as follows.

(1) a kind of method of refining that contains molten chromium, it is characterized in that, the mixed gas that will contain oxygen in refining vessel is blown into to contain and carries out in the purified method of refining in the molten chromium, have and make the pressure that reaches 400 holder (53kPa)～barometric pressure range in the container, be blown into the 1st step of above-mentioned mixed gas, make and be decompressed to 250～400 holders (33～53kPa) in the said vesse, be blown into the 2nd step of above-mentioned mixed gas, further make be decompressed in the said vesse 250 the holder (33kPa) or 250 the holder (33kPa) below, be blown into the 3rd step of above-mentioned mixed gas, [C] concentration in the liquation is 0.8～0.3% o'clock, by the 1st step conversion to the 2 steps, [C] concentration in the liquation is 0.4～0.1% o'clock, by the 2nd step conversion to the 3 steps, carry out refining interimly.

(2) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (1) is characterized in that, the speed that is blown into of the mixed gas in above-mentioned the 2nd step is made as liquation 0.4Nm per ton ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute with on carry out refining.

(3) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (1) or (2), it is characterized in that, above-mentioned the 1st step so that its all under atmospheric pressure carry out refining or make it all under reduced pressure carry out refining or under atmospheric pressure under reduced pressure carry out any mode of purified at first thereafter and carry out refining.

(4) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (1) or (3) is characterized in that, when carrying out the refining under the normal atmosphere of above-mentioned the 1st step, and being blown into and carrying out refining as above-mentioned mixed gas with top blast and bottom blowing.

(5) the described method of refining that contains molten chromium of each of (1)～(4) is characterized in that, when carrying out the refining under the normal atmosphere of above-mentioned the 1st step, only being blown into of above-mentioned mixed gas carried out refining with oxygen.

(6) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (1) is characterized in that, in above-mentioned the 3rd step, further follows the reduction of [C] concentration in the liquation, makes pressure stage ground decompression the carrying out refining in turn in the container.

(7) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (1), it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned the 3rd step, so that being blown into of above-mentioned mixed gas only supplied with rare gas element or carried out refining along with the reduction of [C] concentration in the liquation makes any mode that oxygen in the above-mentioned mixed gas supplies with that ratio slowly reduces or oxygen ratio in above-mentioned mixed gas is only supplied with rare gas element after reducing.

(8) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (1), it is characterized in that, after beginning vacuum suction in the above-mentioned refining vessel, be blown into non-oxidizing gas or their mixed gass such as rare gas element, nitrogen, oxygen concn in the waste gas reach 7vol% or 7vol% following after, above-mentioned mixed gas be blown into begin to carry out refining in the above-mentioned vacuum refinement container.

(9) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (1), it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned the 3rd step, after [C] concentration in the liquation reaches below 0.08 or 0.008%, pressure recovery to 400 holder (53kPa) or 400 in the container is held in the palm more than (53kPa), thereafter bottom blowing mixed gas is made as liquation 0.4Nm per ton with the speed that is blown into of this mixed gas ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute with on carry out vacuum refinement, reach Ultra-low carbon thus.

(10) method of refining that contains molten chromium described in (9), it is characterized in that, after above-mentioned the 3rd step, pressure recovery to 400 holder (53kPa) or 400 in the container is held in the palm more than (53kPa), thereafter bottom blowing mixed gas, make oxygen ratio in the mixed gas that is blown into below 30% or 30%, make pressure in the container be decompressed to 100 holders (13kPa) or refining is carried out in 100 holders (13kPa) to get off.

(11) a kind of a refining unit that contains molten chromium, it is characterized in that, in containing a refining unit of molten chromium, dispose the vacuum refinement container in turn, be located at the alloy subsidiary material adding set, gaseous effluent cooler, vacuum valve, 1 grade on vacuum refinement container top or multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware, water-lute formula vacuum pump, and have the vacuum degree control pressure-regulating valve that a part that makes the waste gas of discharging from above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump turns back to the upstream side of above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump.

(12) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (11), it is characterized in that, be provided with by regulating the valve opening of above-mentioned vacuum degree control with pressure regulator valve, make the part of the waste gas of from above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump, discharging turn back to the upstream side of the waste gas stream of above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump, control the device of the vacuum tightness in the above-mentioned vacuum vessel.

(13) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (11), it is characterized in that, be provided with at the exhaust side of above-mentioned 1 grade or multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware and above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump and have between the above-mentioned vacuum refinement vessel side of above-mentioned gaseous effluent cooler and dispose vacuum valve, before the processing of vacuum refinement begins, make above-mentioned vacuum valve be closing condition, make above-mentioned squirt pump formula vacuum pumping hardware and above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump become vacuum in advance, when the processing with vacuum refinement begins, make above-mentioned vacuum valve in opened condition, improve the device of the vacuum tightness of vacuum refinement container.

(14) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (11), it is characterized in that, be provided with in the vacuum refinement container, under vacuum, in refining, when adding the alloy subsidiary material, regulate the valve opening of above-mentioned vacuum degree control in advance with pressure regulator valve, make the upstream side that turns back to above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump below 10% or 10% of exhaust gas flow, regulate the device of the vacuum tightness in the above-mentioned vacuum refinement container immediately.

(15) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (11), it is characterized in that, setting has the tightness system of seal valve in interpolation hole of the bottom of the above-mentioned alloy subsidiary material adding set of sealing, and in the bottom of above-mentioned seal valve, make the simulation oxygen rifle with above-mentioned tightness system is provided with integratedly or with above-mentioned tightness system interlock and liftably the setting.

(16) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (15) is characterized in that, in the inwall in the interpolation hole of the bottom of above-mentioned alloy subsidiary material adding set and the gap of above-mentioned simulation oxygen rifle, is provided with the sealing gap that blows out sealed gas.

(17) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (11) is characterized in that, is provided with the middle cover with refrigerating function in the bottom of above-mentioned alloy subsidiary material adding set.

(18) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (11), it is characterized in that, in a refining unit system, be provided with back segment, by measuring one of steam temperature in the waste gas at least or steam partial pressure, can detecting the leakage inspector that leaks at above-mentioned gaseous effluent cooler.

(19) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (11) is characterized in that, at the back segment of above-mentioned 1 grade or multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware and above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump, configuration is connected, attaches the backwater hopper in the Gas scavenging device with them.

(20) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (19) is characterized in that, on the top of above-mentioned backwater hopper, is provided with the water-tight lid of the partition lid that having is not fixed is provided with.

(21) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (20) is characterized in that, the quality of above-mentioned water-tight lid satisfies following (1) formula:

(W1+W2)×9.8＞P×S (1)

Wherein, W1: the quality (kg) of cutting off lid

W2: be placed on the quality (kg) of cutting off the weight that covers

P: the maximum gas pressure (Pa) that acts on backwater hopper inside

S: the maximum area (m of the inner face horizontal plane projection of movable partition lid ²).

(22) a refining unit that contains molten chromium described in (20) or (21) is characterized in that, the water seal height of above-mentioned water-tight lid satisfies following (2) formula:

H-L＞9.8×10 ³×P (2)

Wherein, H: the height (m) of the urceolus in the outside of the sidewall of the partition lid of water-tight lid

P: the maximum gas pressure (Pa) that acts on backwater hopper inside

L: the height (m) on the sealing current road between the inner core-urceolus in the water-tight lid.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the figure of expression refining vessel of the present invention, the figure of the state when (a) being expression decompression refining, the figure of the state when (b) being the refining of expression normal atmosphere.

Fig. 2 is the figure of the relation of expression refining vessel internal pressure and decarburization oxygen efficiency.

Fig. 3 is the figure of expression refining vessel internal pressure and dust generating capacity exponential relation.

Fig. 4 is the figure of the emission-control equipment of pattern ground expression vacuum refinement equipment.

Fig. 5 is in passing and the vacuum refining furnace of expression vacuum processing time and the figure of the variation of the interior vacuum tightness of vacuum pumping hardware.

Fig. 6 is the figure of the tightness system in the pattern ground expression equipment for vacuum refining in the past.

Fig. 7 is the figure of expression according to a kind of form of tightness system of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the touring figure of pattern ground expression hot tub water.

Fig. 9 is the side-view of expression hot tub water-tight lid.

Embodiment

Among the present invention, when reducing pressure refining, for example use the refining vessel 1 shown in Fig. 1 (a), and when carrying out the normal atmosphere refining, for example use the refining vessel 1 shown in Fig. 1 (b).By bottom blowing nozzle 2 refining gas is blown into containing in the molten chromium in the refining vessel.In addition, refining vessel 1 has dismountable extraction hood 3, during the decompression refining, extraction hood 3 is contained on the refining vessel 1 shown in Fig. 1 (a) like that, carries out gas and attracts, and makes decompression in the refining vessel.Owing to when the normal atmosphere refining, shown in Fig. 1 (b), do not adorn extraction hood 3 like that, so can be not only with bottom blowing nozzle 2 but also can also be blown into gas with top blow oxygen lance 12 as the gas that is blown into yet.

As described in above-mentioned (1), maximum of the present invention is characterised in that, have in refining process, make be decompressed in the container 250～400 holders (33～53kPa), be blown into the step of the gas that contains oxygen.This step is called the 2nd step.It is in the middle carbon range about 0.4 quality % that this step (below be generically and collectively referred to as " the 2nd step ") is configured in [C] concentration, simultaneously by the powerful liquation that stirs, can make the decarburization oxygen efficiency in the carbon range in this maintain high value, further can suppress the generation of dust.

It is that 0.2～0.5% scope, the amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas are liquation 0.4～0.9Nm per ton that Fig. 2 has represented in [C] concentration ³The relation of/timesharing refining vessel internal pressure and decarburization oxygen efficiency.As can be seen, in 400 holders (53kPa) or the scope more than 400 holders (53kPa), can keep high decarburization oxygen efficiency until container inner pressure.In addition, when 100 holders (13kPa) or 100 ask (13kPa) following, the dust generating capacity was many, can not operate.

Fig. 3 is that to be illustrated in [C] concentration be that 0.2～0.5% scope, the amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas are liquation 0.4～0.9Nm per ton ³The figure of/timesharing refining vessel internal pressure and dust generating capacity exponential relation.Dust generating capacity index is the value of the mean value of the dust generating capacity of container inner pressure when 400 hold in the palm (53kPa) being carried out exponentiate as 1.As can be seen, by the refining vessel internal pressure is held in the palm more than (33kPa) as 250 holders (33kPa) or 250, the dust generating capacity is reduced significantly.

By make in the 2nd step pressure 250～400 the holder (in 33～53kPa) the scope, can seek the increase of the amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas, its result just can seek the shortening of refining time.The preferred liquation 0.4Nm per ton of the speed that is blown into of bottom blown gas ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than.Thus, can be implemented in the above pressure of 250 holders (33kPa) or 250 holders (33kPa) down for obtaining the strong mixing of high decarburization oxygen efficiency, simultaneously can shorten refining time, in addition, if 250 holders (33kPa) or the above pressure of 250 holders (33kPa), even the speed that is blown into of bottom blown gas is liquation 0.4Nm per ton ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than, also the dust generating capacity can be suppressed at low-level.The speed that is blown into of bottom blown gas surpasses liquation 0.5Nm per ton ³/ timesharing can obtain better result.

As being the 1st above step transitions of 400 holders (53kPa) or 400 holders (53kPa) from the pressure in the refining vessel to pressure is 250～400 to hold in the palm that (in the period of 33～53kPa) the 2nd step, preferably [C] concentration in the molten steel is to change at 0.8～0.3% o'clock.This be because, be higher than 0.8%[C in [C] concentration] scope in, the refining of reducing pressure also will make pressure be set at the pressure higher than 400 holders (53kPa), increase oxygen is blown into speed, just can carry out effective refining, perhaps carry out the normal atmosphere refining, also use top blast oxygen, can guarantee that just high oxygen is blown into speed and carries out effective refining.Certainly, though from [C] concentration be more than 0.8% or 0.8% scope, for example be 1.0% to begin to carry out the 2nd step from [C] concentration, also can bring into play effect of the present invention.On the other hand, when [C] concentration is low to moderate than 0.3% low [C] scope,, owing to can causing the reduction of decarburization oxygen efficiency, and cause the prolongation of refining time and not preferred if continue refining down at the pressure that surpasses 400 holders (53kPa).Certainly, though from [C] concentration be below 0.3% or 0.3% scope, for example be 0.2% to begin to carry out the 2nd step from [C] concentration, also can bring into play effect of the present invention.More preferably, [C] concentration in the molten steel is that to be converted to the 2nd step at 0.5～0.4% o'clock be good.

As being that (33～53kPa) the 2nd step transitions is the period of 250 holders (33kPa) or 3rd step of 250 holders below (33kPa) to pressure, and preferably [C] concentration in the molten steel is to change in 0.4～0.1% o'clock in 250～400 holders from the pressure in the refining vessel.This is owing to being to be higher than to be set as 250～400 holders in 0.4% [C] scope (33～53kPa) pressure just can be given full play to the effect of the present invention that improves refining efficiency and reduce the dust generating capacity by making [C] concentration.Certainly, even be 0.5% just to be converted to the 3rd step, also can bring into play effect of the present invention from [C] concentration.On the other hand, when [C] concentration is low to moderate than 0.1% low [C] scope,, owing to can causing the reduction of decarburization oxygen efficiency, and cause the prolongation of refining time and not preferred if continue refining down at the pressure that surpasses 250 holders (33kPa).Certainly, though from [C] concentration be below 0.1% or 0.1% scope, for example be 0.05% to begin to carry out the 3rd step from [C] concentration, also can bring into play effect of the present invention.More preferably, [C] concentration in the molten steel is that to be converted to the 3rd step at 0.3～0.2% o'clock be good.

As the kind that is blown into gas at the 2nd step bottom blown gas, can be from the initial mixed gas that just adopts oxygen and rare gas element of the 2nd step, but also can adopt at first the pattern that is blown into oxygen separately, in the 2nd step, increases the ratio of rare gas element in turn.

Pressure in the 2nd step in the refining vessel also can (keep certain pressure in 250～400 holders in 33～53kPa) the scope, but adopting when high pressure is changed to the pattern of low pressure in turn, since not mixed inert gas, keep certain high decarburization oxygen efficiency substantially and carry out decarburization, so can obtain better result.

Step before the 2nd step, promptly in the 1st step, also can adopt all under atmospheric pressure carry out the purified occasion, all under reduced pressure carry out the purified occasion, under reduced pressure carry out any of purified occasion after under atmospheric pressure earlier.

When the 1st step is under atmospheric pressure carried out refining,,, can and use top blast and bottom blowing so be blown into as gas owing to above refining vessel, be not provided for the purified extraction hood 3 that reduces pressure.In addition, owing under atmospheric pressure carry out off gas treatment, so compare with the decompression refining, the waste gas attraction power also can increase.Under such situation, owing to top blast is carried out in subsidiary bottom blowing, whole gas volumes that are blown into increase, and can promote to take off the charcoal purified and carry out.[C] concentration is low more, with the carbon monoxide pressure of tension P in [Cr] equilibrated gas in the molten steel _COJust reduce more.Thereby, in the refining under atmospheric pressure,, be necessary rare gas elementes such as Ar are blended in the gas that is blown in order to prevent the oxidational losses of [Cr], when [C] concentration reduces, increase the ratio of rare gas element, can seek the P in the atmosphere _COReduction.

When the 1st step is under atmospheric pressure carried out refining, can only use oxygen as being blown into gas.Like this, be 0.8～0.3% or 0.8～0.3% when above, in [C] of the 1st step scope with the P in [Cr] equilibrated gas in the molten steel _COBe 0.7atm or more than the 0.7atm, even only use oxygen as being blown into gas, the decarburization oxygen efficiency reduces also little, can obtain high decarbonization rate.In addition, can suppress the use of the rare gas element of costliness.In addition, if [C] scope of the 1st step more than 0.5% or 0.5% since with molten steel in [Cr] equilibrated P _COBe 0.9atm or more than the 0.9atm, so can obtain high effect.

The refining of the 1st step is under atmospheric pressure carried out at first, become 400 holders (53kPa) or 400 then and ask (53kPa) above pressure under reduced pressure to carry out.If the 1st step back half adopt decompression refining, with same area under atmospheric pressure the purified occasion compare, even reduce the mixture ratio of rare gas element or only be blown into oxygen fully without rare gas element, also can make P _COKeep low-level, can prevent the refining of [Cr] oxidation.As the period that is transformed into decompression from normal atmosphere, preferred [C] concentration is changed when 0.8～0.5% scope.This be because, in this [C] concentration or should [C] when concentration is following, for make with molten steel in [Cr] equilibrated P _COAt 1atm or below the 1atm, increase and reduce P _COMeans just can carry out effective decarburization.Pressure is taken as 400 holders (53kPa) or 400 asks (53kPa) above reason to be, if [C] concentration range of the 1st step, because high-carbon, so, also can fully obtain good decarburization oxygen efficiency even under high pressure.In addition, importantly, in such carbon range, can guarantee the gas volume that is blown into, guarantee high refining efficiency, this be because, if with same decompression suction device, pressure is high more, the deflated attraction power increases more, the gas volume that is blown into is just increase more also.Even be because the identical gas amount of being blown into simultaneously, high pressure can suppress the generation of dust and the spray of the particulate matrix metal that produces from the molten surface of vacuum refinement container.

For the vacuum tightness in each step, can pass through the such vacuum control of aftermentioned, Yi Bian be adjusted to the vacuum tightness of target, take off the carbon refining Yi Bian carry out vacuum.In addition, the target vacuum degree that will regulate in each step also can have a plurality of.

The scope of effect of comparing the 1st step with the 2nd step is little, even but in the 1st step, because the speed that is blown into of bottom blown gas is big more, the whipping force of liquation also increases more, just can make the decarburization oxygen efficiency remain high level more, so preferably be taken as liquation 0.4Nm per ton ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than.In addition, it is big more to be blown into speed, can obtain high oxygen feed speed more, just can shorten refining time more.

Also can from the 1st step from the beginning of just implementing the decompression refining.For example, surplus energy is arranged, prolongs under the also passable occasion of refining time like that in throughput, can from the 1st step from the beginning of just implementing the decompression refining.Thus, reduce the feed speed of oxygen, refining time prolongs, and is high level but can keep the decarburization oxygen efficiency in whole refinings, for example, can guarantee that whole purified decarburization oxygen efficiencies are more than 90% or 90%.Simultaneously, also can suppress the use of the diluent gas of costliness as far as possible.

At the next step of the 2nd step, promptly in the 3rd step, it is following and be blown into gas to be decompressed to 250 holders (33kPa) or 250 holders (33kPa) in the container.Because [C] concentration in the molten steel reduces more, for the container inner pressure of the best of obtaining high decarburization oxygen efficiency just reduces more, so in carrying out the 3rd step of decarburization, the preferred employing than the low pressure of the 2nd step.Simultaneously, [C] concentration is low more, and the influence of stirring for the liquation of decarburizing reaction is also big more.Be blown under the speed at identical gas, because container inner pressure is low more, the gas expansion scope is big more, and the whipping force of liquation also increases more, so preferably get the pressure lower than the 2nd step.

In the 3rd step, preferably the reduction along with [C] concentration in the molten steel reduces the interior pressure of container in stage ground in turn.Reduce the pressure in the container in turn, preferably taking off that the final step of charcoal purified is reduced to container inner pressure 50 holders (7kPa) or below 50 holders (7kPa).In the low scope of [C] concentration, along with the reduction of [C] concentration, with [Cr] equilibrated P in the liquation _COAlso reduce sharp.For example, [C] is 0.2% o'clock, equilibrated P _COBe 0.3atm approximately, but [C] is 0.1% o'clock, equilibrated P _COBe 0.1atm or below the 0.1atm.Corresponding therewith, if container inner pressure stage ground is reduced, just can stably make the decarburization oxygen efficiency maintain high level.

In the 3rd step, because [C] concentration reduces fully, so conduct is blown into that gas also can be blown into the mixed gas of oxygen-free gas or only be rare gas element.In addition, further preferred when conduct is blown into the mixed gas of gas supply oxygen and rare gas element, along with the reduction of C concentration in the liquation, the ratio of the oxygen in the mixed gas is slowly reduced.With being blown into gas only is that rare gas element is compared, and mixes the occasion of an amount of oxygen, on the basis of the feed speed of guaranteeing oxygen, can carry out effective decarburization, so refining time is shortened.In addition, owing to reduction, with [Cr] equilibrated P in the liquation along with [C] concentration _COAlso reduce sharp, so and P _COReduction adapts, and reduces the oxygen ratio that is blown into gas, just can carry out effective decarburization.Further, in the 3rd final step that reduces, also can be to make that to be blown into gas only be rare gas element and carry out the purified situation.In addition, also can drop into ferrosilicon etc. before or after becoming rare gas element being blown into gas, the chromic acid in the slag above the reduction liquation waits the rate of recovery of elements at high price thereby improve chromium (Cr).

As previously mentioned, [C] concentration is low more, and is big more for the influence of the stirring of the liquation of decarburizing reaction.Though the 3rd step make container inner pressure than the 2nd step fall lower, as the gas volume that is blown into, liquation 0.4Nm also preferably per ton ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than.In addition,, can produce a large amount of splashings, cause operational fault, so preferred liquation 1.0Nm per ton owing to be blown into gas volume when excessive ³/ minute or 1.0Nm ³/ minute below.

In addition, to the occasion of refining vessel supply bottom blown gas, generally use the nozzle of double wall tube.In the nozzle of double wall tube, the interior pipe refining gas that flows, the outer tube cooling gas that flows.In the present invention, even in the occasion that is blown into oxygen separately, as a spot of cooling gas, also supply with the gas of nitrogen or hydrocarbon polymers such as argon gas or propane or their mixed gas at outer tube.In addition, with oxygen (O ₂) blended gas has rare gas element, N such as Ar gas ₂, CO, CO ₂Separately or mixed gas.

In decompression method of refining of the present invention, compare with decompression method of refining in the past, owing to increased the amount that is blown into gas, so must be to for the vacuum pumping hardware that reduces pressure in the refining vessel is considered to some extent.The increase of the thermal value that causes with respect to the increase by exhausted air quantity can come alignment processing by the cooling power that increase is arranged on the platform number of the water cooler 8 on the exhaust line 7 between extraction hood 3 shown in Fig. 1 (a) and vacuum pumping hardware (vapor jet pump 10, water pump 11) or increases each.In addition, the increase of the dust generating capacity that causes with respect to the increase by exhausted air quantity can come alignment processing by the dust disposal ability that increase is arranged on the platform number of the bag filter 9 on the exhaust pipe between extraction hood 3 and vacuum pumping hardware or increases each.In the present invention, compared with the past, because the pressure in the refining vessel in the 2nd step becomes high pressure, the generating capacity of dust reduces as a result, thus with minimum scale to set up bag filter just enough.

In addition, in the present invention, the refining Ultra-low carbon contains the occasion of molten chromium, after the 1st time the decompression refining that proceeds to the 3rd step, with the holder of the pressure recovery to 400 in the container (53kPa) or more than 400 holders (53kPa).By recovering pressure like this, carry out the 2nd decompression refining thereafter, simultaneously the 2nd decompression purified gas is blown into speed and is taken as molten steel 0.4Nm per ton ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than, can increase substantially the decarburization efficient in the Ultra-low carbon scope.With 1 section decompression of in the past usefulness refining come melting [C] concentration in the occasion of the Ultra-low carbon chrome-bearing steel 0.01% or 0.01% below, must make the decompression refining continue to compare more than 20 minutes or 20 minutes, the occasion of recovering pressure midway at the decompression purified, carrying out 2 sections decompressions of the present invention, can make decompression purified total time weak point come the same ultra low-carbon steel of melting in about 10 minutes.

Interrupt under atmospheric pressure refining when concentration is reduced to normality at [C], extraction hood 3 is contained on the refining vessel 1, begin the refining of reducing pressure.In the process of vacuum tightness by the normal atmosphere reduction when decompression refining begins, even do not supply with oxygen, fierce decarburizing reaction can take place also.This be since with atmosphere in [O] of the amount that balances each other of the partial pressure of CO be dissolved in the liquation, when carrying out vacuum suction, because of the partial pressure of the CO in the atmosphere reduces, undissolvable [O] just combines with [C] in the liquation, the reaction of generation is called the nature decarburization.The inventor has carried out various experiments, and conditions such as the temperature of the amount of this nature decarburization and the composition of liquation, liquation, vacuum suction do not have big dependence, obtains quantitatively to be about 0.05%.

Though, simultaneously the 2nd decompression purified gas is blown into speed and is taken as liquation 0.4Nm per ton by recovering pressure midway at the 1st decompression purified ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than, promote the reason of the decarburization in the Ultra-low carbon scope and not really clear and definite, but can think owing under the strong mixing that produces by bottom blown gas,, also can access the effect of above-mentioned natural decarburization even in the low scope of [C] concentration.That is to say that can think when the decompression purified recovers pressure midway, [O] concentration that is dissolved in the liquation increases, and when carrying out vacuum suction once more, in the process that soluble [O] concentration reduces, causes decarburizing reaction easily.

As the period of recovering pressure,, just can bring into play effect of the present invention as long as carry out when [C] concentration is reduced to 0.05～0.12 quality % when the 1st decompression refining.As previously mentioned, the natural decarburized amount that causes during vacuum suction is about about 0.05%, in the 2nd decompression refining, as long as the surplus of this amount of deduction [C] concentration when recovering pressure is carried out decarburization.[C] concentration when recovering pressure surpasses at 0.12% o'clock, and the decarburized amount in the 2nd the decompression refining just increases, and can not obtain effect of sufficient.As described in above-mentioned (9) of the present invention, if the 1st decompression make in the refining in the molten steel [C] concentration decarburization to 0.08 quality % or below the 0.08 quality % after when recovering pressure, can obtain optimal results.

Gas in the 2nd the decompression refining is blown into speed is taken as liquation 0.4Nm per ton ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than.Even the decompression refining recovers pressure midway, the gas in the 2nd time decompression refining is blown into speed and also is and suitable in the past liquation 0.3Nm per ton ³/ minute about, compare with in the past 1 section decompression refining, the decompression purified time of melting ultra low-carbon steel also can only lack 1～3 minute.In addition, be taken as the per ton molten steel 0.4Nm same even in 1 section decompression refining, gas is blown into speed with the present invention ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than, also can only shorten a little the decompression purified time.Gas in the 2nd time decompression refining is blown into speed and is taken as liquation 0.5Nm per ton ³/ minute or 0.5Nm ³/ when minute above, just can obtain better result.[C] concentration after natural decarburization during the 2nd decompression refining is below 0.05% or 0.05%, and decarburizing reaction is fully in [C] rate of diffusion zone, and on realizing that decarburization is carried out, gas is blown into speed becomes important factor.As can be seen, in the present invention, this amount is liquation 0.4Nm per ton at least ³/ minute or 0.4Nm ³/ minute more than.

Owing to about [C] concentration is reduced to 0.1% or 0.1% below when beginning, hold in the palm below (26kPa) so be taken as 200 holders (26kPa) or 200 as the pressure in the container the 2nd decompression refining, suppress [Cr] oxidation, guarantee high decarburization oxygen efficiency.As described in above-mentioned (10) of the present invention, preferably the pressure in the container in the 2nd the decompression refining is taken as 100 holders (13kPa) or 100 and holds in the palm below (13kPa).This is because the pressure in the container is low more, and [O] concentration that is dissolved in the liquation just reduces more, and under same gas feed speed, the whipping force that is produced by gas expansion is also just big more, so decarbonization rate is also just big more.This is because to hold in the palm below (13kPa) in 100 holders (13kPa) or 100 be effective in order to obtain this effect.Pressure in the container in the 2nd the decompression refining is taken as 50 holders (7kPa) or better below 50 holders (7kPa).

The gas that is blown in the 2nd time the decompression refining can be the mixed gas of oxygen and rare gas element.Because [C] concentration reduces in the 2nd decompression refining, so in order to suppress the oxidation of [Cr], obtain high decarburization oxygen efficiency, the ratio of oxygen can not be too high.As described in above-mentioned (10) of the present invention, preferably the ratio that is blown into the oxygen in the gas in the 2nd the decompression refining is taken as below 30% or 30%.Oxygen ratio surpasses at 30% o'clock, and the oxygen amount that is used in the oxidation of [Cr] in the molten steel sharply increases, and the oxidation of half of the oxygen that is blown into or quilt over half [Cr] is used, thereby preferably is taken as below 30% or 30%.More preferably the ratio of oxygen can be taken as about 10%.

Below by description of drawings according to a refining unit of the present invention.

Fig. 4 has represented the synoptic diagram of waste gas treatment equipment of the present invention.The waste gas 15 that takes place in the vacuum refining furnace 1 is cooled off by connected gaseous effluent cooler 16 through water cooled pipeline 13.Thereafter through 9 dedustings of piping 14 usefulness particle collectors, through multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware 10, the sealed vacuum pump 11 of water attracts again, diffuses in the atmosphere.

Here, measure arbitrary vacuum tightness of the vacuumometer 20 behind the vacuumometer 18 behind vacuumometer 17, the gaseous effluent cooler, the vacuumometer 19 behind the particle collector, the multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware in the stove on one side, pressure signal is taken into control device 21 on one side, regulate the valve opening of vacuum degree control with pressure regulator valve 22, on one side the part of waste gas is turned back to the front of vacuum pump 11.Thus, just can with in the vacuum vessel or the pipeline internal control be made as the target vacuum degree of regulation.When control vacuum tightness, can freely select to use the signal of which vacuumometer according to the purified stage.

The level of the vacuum tightness of control depends on the amount of the matrix metal of spray from the vacuum refinement container and the amount of oxidation of the chromium in the liquation.In general, if vacuum tightness good (when force value is hanged down), the carbon in the molten steel is preferentially oxidized, and the amount of oxidation of chromium reduces.But the amount of the matrix metal splashings of spray can increase from the vacuum refinement container.That is, owing to, wish that vacuum tightness is good, but send out, wish that but vacuum tightness descends, so, the vacuum tightness of control will be existed in the best scope if consider these both from reducing measuring of matrix metal splashings from reducing the loss of chromium oxidation.In addition, the spray amount of rising of the amount of oxidation of chromium and matrix metal splashings also exists with ... carbon amount in the liquation in this liquation.

The following using method that this device is described according to Fig. 4.

Before the processing of vacuum refinement begins, close the vacuum valve 23 of vacuum pumping hardware front, divide vacuum-pumping equipment side that comprises squirt pump and water-lute formula vacuum pump and the vacuum refinement vessel side that comprises gaseous effluent cooler or particle collector with vacuum valve 23.Here, the signal according to vacuumometer 20 is that target makes the vacuum-pumping equipment side carry out vacuum degree control (in operation this being called preliminary vacuum handles) in advance with 98 holders (13kPa).

Vacuum pump 11 reaches 51～61 holders in vacuum tightness and (during 7～8kPa) left and right sides, owing to evaporation of water is fierce air pocket takes place, so will set above-mentioned vacuum tightness, carry out vacuum degree control.Becoming about 61 holders (8kPa) or 61 holders (8kPa) when following, prevented valve drainage pressure in the past, regulated vacuum tightness, but, had the leakage problem of valve body because of this switching frequency increase that prevents valve with air pocket., prevent sharp the subtracting of switching frequency of valve, do not have leakage problem from valve body with of the present invention this.Therefore, the control of vacuum tightness can be in 61 holders (8kPa) or the scope more than 61 holders (8kPa).

In addition, when carrying out pressure equalization with normal atmosphere refining vessel side thereafter, in order to suppress the reduction of vacuum tightness, the vacuum tightness of preferred preliminary vacuum is high vacuum as far as possible.Thus, the consideration vacuum degree control is controlled with pressure regulator valve 22, and the span of control of the vacuum tightness of preliminary vacuum is taken as 61～205 holders (8～27kPa).

After the processing of refining vessel side prepared to be over, vacuum tightness bled in the beginning stove.Open vacuum valve 14 in the time of with the processing beginning, vacuum-pumping equipment side and vacuum refinement vessel side are become with pressing vacuum, continue to make whole paths become high vacuum rapidly with vacuum pumping hardware.

The beginning vacuum-treat also makes whole paths become the occasion of vacuum, wish to close vacuum degree control with pressure controlled valve 22 with high vacuumization promptly.But, open vacuum valve 23 before, become the state that approaches standard-sized sheet with vacuum degree control pressure regulator valve 22, for example, according to being difficult to the valve opening of closing presure control valve hastily in the vacuum degree control by the feedback control of the signal of vacuumometer in the container 17.Thereby, by the signal that begins with vacuum simultaneously, make the valve opening of above-mentioned pressure regulator valve be fixed on preferred full cut-off 20% or 20% below forcibly, the returning of the waste gas behind the elimination vacuum pump, promptly gas clean-up.Can obtain the effect of the gas clean-up of Fig. 5 (a).Here, according to the characteristic of the general valve of pressure regulator valve 22, valve opening becomes 20% or 20% when following, almost approaches to close fully, has the fluidic of blocking characteristic.

In order to shorten the treatment time, after beginning, vacuum to begin oxygen decarburization as quickly as possible.But, in the oxygen blown while, can produce a large amount of CO gas, if in the vacuum refinement container or in the vacuum pipe during residual oxygen, exist and the CO reaction that generates, the danger of combustion explosion takes place.Therefore, the oxygen concn in vacuum refinement container and the vacuum pipe promptly must be reduced to below the explosion limits.As its method, can in vacuum refining furnace, be blown into oxygen-free a large amount of rare gas element and nitrogen or their mixed gas, it is effective coming dilution oxygen.But, under the state of gas clean-up, when not carrying out being blown into of diluent gas, need a large amount of diluent gass.According to contriver's test-results, can distinguish as the oxygen concn in the waste gas of the explosion limits of CO, for surpassing 7vol%～9vol% or below the 9vol%.Therefore, the oxygen concn in the waste gas is taken as 7vol% or below the 7vol%.

In the vacuum refinement container, liquation is carried out the occasion of oxygen decarburization, because of above-mentioned such CO gas that generates, the danger that existence causes the play that fierceness has been sprayed or matrix metal has sprayed sharp of the matrix metal splashings in the liquation to be boiled.Therefore, after oxygen blast begins, vacuum tightness be reduced rapidly, in operation, the vacuum tightness that to avoid above-mentioned fault must be controlled to be.For this reason, wish to open vacuum degree control pressure controlled valve 22, make waste gas turn back to the front from the vacuum pump back, reduce vacuum tightness, but, before oxygen blast begins, vacuum degree control is become with pressure regulator valve 22 and approached buttoned-up status, be difficult to make vacuum degree control to be opened hastily with the valve opening of pressure controlled valve 22 in automatic mode with vacuum degree control.Thereby, in the signal that begins with oxygen blast, vacuum degree control is fixed on more than 80% or 80% forcibly with the valve opening of pressure regulator valve 22,, vacuum tightness is descended by returning of the waste gas behind the vacuum pump being increased to the upper limit of the ability of variable valve.Owing to,, almost flow out the flow that approaches to open fully, so the valve opening here is taken as more than 80% or 80% if valve opening becomes more than 80% or 80% according to the feature of the general valve of pressure regulator valve.

In the embodiment of Fig. 5, by shown in (c), beginning between back 50 seconds in oxygen blast in refining vessel like that, with the valve opening stuck-at-00% of above-mentioned pressure regulator valve 22, control in case just can make the vacuum tightness of bringing up to 152 holders (20kPa) revert to 300 holders (40kPa) rapidly.Kong Zhi vacuum tightness like this, can be according to carbon concentration in the liquation with oxygen blast speed and different, the inventor's research distinguishes that (8～53kPa) scope be the best in 60～403 holders.In addition, after oxygen blast begins vacuum degree control is depended on the vacuum tightness of control and the vacuum internal volume from the vacuum melting container to vacuum pumping hardware etc. with the time that pressure regulator valve 22 is fixed on more than 80% or 80%, experience according to the inventor can distinguish that 30 seconds～120 seconds is optimum range.Therefore, it is above-mentioned after oxygen blast begins in refining vessel, by in this specific time the valve opening of above-mentioned vacuum degree control with pressure regulator valve 22 being fixed on more than 80% or 80%, just can promptly make vacuum degree control is 60～403 holder (8～53kPa) vacuum tightnesss.

Above-mentioned occasion of carrying out the vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing of liquation like that rises with rapid play for fear of the spray of matrix metal splashings and to boil, and must reduce vacuum tightness (pressurize) to a certain degree and carries out oxygen decarburization., this will have appropriate vacuum according to carbon concentration in the liquation and oxygen blast speed, and carbon concentration is low more or oxygen blast speed is low more, can avoid the spray of matrix metal to play the danger that play is boiled more.On the other hand, because of the reduction of the carbon concentration in the liquation, the oxidational losses meeting of iron and chromium etc. increases, so gas clean-up as far as possible from metallurgy also is useful to the oxidational losses that suppresses them.Thereby, according to the high occasion of the carbon concentration of liquation to reduce vacuum tightness, if during the carbon concentration step-down relatively gas clean-up carry out the control of vacuum tightness like that, just can satisfy the spray of avoiding matrix metal simultaneously and play the oxidational losses that play is boiled and reduced siderochrome.

Implemented following control as embodiments of the invention: in quality %, carbon concentration in the liquation is 0.60～0.40% o'clock, vacuum tightness is 300 holders (40kPa), carbon concentration in the liquation is 0.40～0.25% o'clock, vacuum tightness is 205 holders (27kPa), carbon concentration in the liquation is 0.25～0.20% o'clock, and vacuum tightness is 100 holders (13kPa).These vacuum levels are according to operational conditions such as the type situations of purified steel grade, oxygen blast speed and refining vessel and difference must decide like that according to being suitable for concrete condition.In addition, same with the vacuum tightness of control, when carbon concentration reduces in molten steel, in turn reduce oxygen blast speed, this also is effectively on metallurgy in the operation, the present invention with according to these the vacuum degree control of aspect as its scope.Reduction according to the carbon concentration of liquation makes vacuum tightness control to the high vacuum side successively.

In the control of above-mentioned vacuum tightness, the vacuum tightness that the reduction of carbon concentration makes control in along with liquation is in the method that high vacuum is changed successively, and hope can be rapidly to the high vacuum conversion.But, before vacuum tightness conversion, reducing by exhaust gas flow on the experience, pressure regulator valve 22 becomes and approaches full open position, is difficult to just the valve opening of pressure controlled valve is closed hastily in automatic mode.Therefore, in the change over signal of high vacuumization, make the valve opening of above-mentioned pressure regulator valve 22 be fixed on 0%～20% and kept 60 seconds forcibly.Its result is shown in Fig. 5 (d).Thus, there be not the returning of waste gas behind the vacuum pump, promptly gas clean-up.But so-called here " 0% " means closes pressure controlled valve 22 fully.Because according to the feature of the general valve of pressure regulator valve 22, valve opening becomes 20% or 20% when following, almost becomes and approaches to close fully, has the fluidic of blocking feature, so, valve opening is taken as below 20% or 20%.In addition, vacuum tightness will be decided by the vacuum tightness of controlling and the internal volume of the vacuum from the vacuum refinement container to vacuum pumping hardware etc. with the time that the valve opening of pressure regulator valve 22 is fixed on below 20% or 20% to the occasion vacuum degree control of high vacuum side conversion, can distinguish that by experience 30 seconds～120 seconds is optimum range.

Often to add subsidiary material alloy iron etc. in the vacuum refinement container in vacuum degree control.At this moment, the subsidiary material alloy iron that is added etc. is stored in advance in middle hopper, make this middle hopper become with stove in after the equal substantially vacuum tightness, add in the container again.Thereby the influence to exhaust gas flow during interpolation should be almost not have, and still, when for example containing unslaked lime in the subsidiary material that add, often produces residual CO in the unslaked lime ₂Etc. gaseous constituent, perhaps in container, cause fierce gas reaction because of other alloy subsidiary material etc.Because the gas of these generations increases sharply exhaust gas flow, so the valve opening of above-mentioned pressure regulator valve can not be followed, causes the rapid deterioration (pressure rising) of vacuum tightness.Thereby, in 40 seconds after alloy subsidiary material etc. add in container, be fixed on 0% by valve opening, attract waste gas energetically, just can shown in Fig. 5 (e), suppress the deterioration of the vacuum tightness that the surge because of exhaust gas flow causes like that above-mentioned pressure regulator valve.But so-called here " 0% " means closes pressure controlled valve fully.According to the feature of the general valve of pressure regulator valve 22, valve opening becomes 20% or 20% when following, almost becomes and approaches to close fully, has the fluidic of blocking feature.Thereby, regulate pressure regulator valve 22, make the flow below 10% or 10% of exhaust gas flow turn back to the upstream side of water-lute formula vacuum pump 11, can promptly improve the vacuum tightness in the vacuum refinement container, but, the exhaust gas flow that returns surpasses at 10% o'clock, because gas clean-up promptly, so be taken as below 10% or 10%.

In addition, adding back adjusting vacuum degree control such as alloy subsidiary material in container will be decided by the capacity of the vacuum tightness of control, alloy interpolation hopper, vacuum tightness in the hopper and vacuum refinement container to the vacuum internal volume of vacuum pumping hardware etc. with the valve opening of pressure regulator valve 22, time of returning exhaust gas flow 10%, can distinguish that by experience 30 seconds～90 seconds is optimum range.

Usually, have cooling performance for liquation melt temperature is reduced owing to adding subsidiary material alloy iron in the vacuum refinement container etc. to.In addition, owing to add off and on, become concentrated addition in a way, melt temperature temporarily is cooled significantly.If melt temperature reduces, the decarburization oxygen efficiency of oxygen decarburization worsens on the metallurgy, and it is big that the oxidational losses of siderochrome etc. becomes.In order to suppress the generation of this situation, in the temporarily-depressed meter gas clean-up of temperature, the decarburization oxygen efficiency is risen is effective.Thereby, after the vacuum refinement container adds subsidiary material alloy iron etc., after the temporary transient increase calmness of above-mentioned exhaust gas flow, also continued to bleed 120 seconds, the valve opening of above-mentioned pressure regulator valve 22 is fixed on 0%, make vacuum tightness keep higher vacuum tightness.Thus, can suppress to make melt temperature reduce the reduction of the decarburizing reaction efficient that causes because of adding the subsidiary material alloy.But so-called here " 0% " means closes pressure controlled valve fully.Because according to the feature of the general valve of pressure regulator valve 22, valve opening becomes 20% or 20% when following, almost becomes and approaches to close fully, has the fluidic of blocking feature, so, vacuum degree control is taken as 0～20% with the valve opening of pressure regulator valve 22.In addition, adding the control of alloy subsidiary material final vacuum degree in container will be decided by the concentration of alloying constituents such as [Cu], [Ni] in the carbon concentration in the vacuum tightness of controlling, alloy addition level, the liquation, the molten steel and vacuum refining furnace to the internal volume of the vacuum of vacuum pumping hardware etc. with the time that the valve opening of pressure regulator valve 22 is fixed on below 20% or 20%, can distinguish that 90 seconds～240 seconds is optimum range.

Fig. 6, represented a kind of form of tightness system of the present invention to Fig. 7 pattern.Carry out the occasion that vacuum decarburization is handled in vacuum refinement container 1, with the top of vacuum cover 30 these stoves 1 of covering, in addition, for the spray that prevents the matrix metal splashings rises, spatial top has disposed middle cover 31 below vacuum cover 30.But the central part of middle cover 31 is formed with the big peristome that is used to add the alloy subsidiary material, and usually, the matrix metal that has been sprayed directly arrives the alloy subsidiary material that are located on the vacuum cover 30 and adds the hole.

So, in the present invention, the bottom of lower seal valve 34 is provided with like that according to simulation oxygen rifle 33 is become one structure with valve body.In addition, in the present invention, add on the inwall in hole 40 at the alloy subsidiary material, the sealing gap 37 that can blow out sealed gas (nitrogen) be set on the sidewall of simulation oxygen rifle 33.The gap of the inwall that the sidewall of simulation oxygen rifle 33 and alloy subsidiary material add hole 40 is narrow more, can improve the effect of sealing more, but shake the interval of setting the gap with the adhesion of inevitable some matrix metals must consider the lifting of lower seal valve 34 and simulation oxygen rifle 33 time.For example, preferably establish the interval of 10～20mm.

Usually, lower seal valve 34 is connected with the lifting device that is configured in top (not shown among Fig. 6, Fig. 7) with simulation oxygen rifle 33, uses the winch by means of air pressure or oil pressure or pulley to carry out lifting.If the shaking during lifting that can suppress to be produced by above-mentioned lifting device just can make the gap of the sidewall of simulation oxygen rifle 33 and the inwall that the alloy subsidiary material add hole 40 narrower littlelyr, the effect of sealing is also just higher.

In addition, when lifting possesses the lower seal valve 34 of simulation oxygen rifle 33, when the alloy subsidiary material drop into and the interference between the alloy subsidiary material, must take the lifting travel of growing.That is to say, must take to grow the part of the height of simulation oxygen rifle 33 at least than lifting travel always.

But, usually, the space of the top of vacuum refinement container 1 dispose and transport input, store the equipment machine of the travelling belt of alloy subsidiary material etc. and hopper etc. and the vacuum cover that is used to make the vacuum refinement container become vacuum and vacuum pipe with and lifting device, attaching device etc., become very narrow space, so be difficult to dispose the long lifting device of stroke.

Therefore, in the present invention, as its countermeasure, with a pair of lifting device 36 (for example, air compressor machine, oil press) be configured in the both sides of the chute that drops into the alloy subsidiary material, the bar that will be connected with the lower seal valve is connected the top of the union lever of this lifting device, by with a pair of lifting device 36 it being pushed to upward, makes valve body (lower seal valve and simulation oxygen rifle) rise or descend.With such countermeasure, can use the narrow space of the top of vacuum refinement container 1 effectively, can make the lifting travel of the lower seal valve 34 that attaches simulation oxygen rifle 33 elongated, in the present invention, when dropping into the alloy subsidiary material, simulation oxygen rifle 33 does not disturb mutually with the alloy subsidiary material.On the other hand, how many upper spaces has occasion more than needed, the structure that lower seal valve and simulation oxygen rifle are not become one, and the lower seal valve is arranged on the middle vacuum hopper, simulation oxygen rifle is arranged on the alloy subsidiary material separately adds on the hole.But, this occasion, the lifting by both are linked is kept and is successfully dropped into alloy and stopping property.

In addition, in the present invention,, be provided with and add the inwall in hole 40 and the sealing gap 37 that simulation oxygen rifle 33 blows out sealed gas (mainly being nitrogen) to the alloy subsidiary material in order to improve the effect of sealing more.

The flow of sealed gas will cooperate with refining condition and suitable the selection, can control with flow control valve (not shown).Big decarburization initial stage of carbon concentration height from liquation, oxygen blast speed is to interim period, because the spray of matrix metal splashings plays fierceness, so it is big that the flow of sealed gas is wanted, in the latter stage in the decarburization mid-term that reduce at the carbon concentration from liquation, the spray of matrix metal splashings diminishes, the flow of sealed gas can reduce.Because the flow of the sealed gas in decarburization latter stage also helps to improve vacuum tightness in the stove in low scope, so when advantageously carrying out metallurgical reaction, also be effective to the nitrogen concentration that reduces in the liquation.

In addition, when adding the alloy subsidiary material, preferably reduce the flow of sealed gas, so that the alloy subsidiary material can successfully flow in the stove.At this moment, worry the matrix metal splashings can invade the interpolation hole 40 of alloy subsidiary material, attached on the inwall, but simultaneously because the alloy subsidiary material add the hole by this, so do not have the problem that the matrix metal splashings are invaded fully.

On the other hand, the blowing method of sealed gas, except aforesaid method, also have bar to import in the simulation oxygen rifle from the outside by simulation oxygen rifle and lower seal valve, add the method that the inwall in hole 40 blows out from several holes that are arranged on around the simulation oxygen rifle to alloy again.For the spray that prevents the matrix metal splashings rises, spatial top configuration middle cover 31 below vacuum cover, this middle cover 31 usefulness rare gas elementes (mainly being nitrogen) cooling.

In the present invention, above-mentioned rare gas element can be utilized as the sealed gas that blows out to simulation oxygen rifle 33 from sealing gap 37.Usually, the gas of the core iron of cooling middle cover 31 is sent on the direction opposite with supplying with route, is placed in the atmosphere, but because there are the problem of noise when emitting in this gas temperature height and gas, so in order to handle it, it is corresponding with complex apparatus to have to, cost of investment increases as a result.

In the present invention, can be with the gas of the core iron of cooling middle cover 31 as utilizing to simulating the sealed gas that oxygen rifle 33 blows out from above-mentioned sealing gap, thereby do not need to be used for the equipment that atmosphere is emitted, avoid pipe installation etc. being set, can seek the reduction of installation cost at the remainder of the narrow device space.

In addition, in the present invention, can the supply source of the gas of the core iron of cooling middle cover 31 and the sealed gas (both mainly is a nitrogen) that is blown into from sealing gap is shared, can seek the reduction of gas cost.

In addition, the gas (nitrogen) that in the cooling of the core iron of middle cover 31, uses, because the temperature of gas uprises, so, even use same flow as sealed gas, from the nozzle of sealing gap emit, the flow velocity of gas during the gap of adding the inwall in hole 40 and simulation oxygen rifle 33 through alloy subsidiary material also can become greatly, its result more can prevent the intrusion of matrix metal splashings, the effect of sealing becomes greatly.

Do not use the occasion of middle cover 31, sealed gas directly is blown into alloy and adds the hole, but the effect that flow velocity uprises for the temperature that obtains making gas uprises, the present invention also comprises and installs in the high-temp waste gas pipeline in advance that pipeline carries out heat exchange, the temperature that makes sealed gas uprises and be blown into the method that alloy adds hole 40.

As sealed gas, mainly use nitrogen, but, except that nitrogen, can use Ar, CO separately so long as rare gas element gets final product ₂, steam etc., in addition, also these gases can be mixed and use.

Owing to expose at high temperature, preferably simulate the part configuration refractory materials of oxygen rifle.Also can carry out coolings such as water-cooled, air cooling in addition, these methods also all comprise in the present invention.

Below narrate the leakage inspector in a refining unit of the present invention.The waste gas 15 that produces in vacuum refining furnace 1 is delivered in the connected gas cooler 16 through water cooled pipelines 13 and is cooled.Give dry dust collector 9 dedustings from gas cooler 16 through piping 14 then, deliver in the vacuum pumping hardware 10 through piping 14 again and also diffuse in the atmosphere thus.

Here, with waste gas negative pressure catheter 24, difference attracts the part of waste gas, imports to wet bulb thermometer 25 from 14 fens inconsistent wet bulb thermometers of the pipeline of the back segment of particle collector 9 and analysis meter.Its result, this wet bulb thermometer 25 can be measured waste gas humidity, but also can and establish the analysis meter of waste gas in this position.The waste gas humidity meter is arranged on the back segment of particle collector 9, but also can be arranged on the back segment of water cooler 16.In addition, here and the analysis meter of establishing both can be arranged on same place with wet bulb thermometer, but also can be separately positioned on the back segment of vacuum pumping hardware 10 or the back segment of particle collector 9 with wet bulb thermometer.

And the reason of establishing analysis meter is, when instrumentation is decided the humidity of waste gas, can measure CO, CO simultaneously ₂, O ₂, H ₂Deng the concentration of gas or at least a kind of dividing potential drop.These analytical values can be held the situation that the reaction in vacuum refinement container or the metallurgical furnace is carried out, be used as that gas to vacuum refinement container or metallurgical furnace is blown into, the operation control of the input of subsidiary material chill etc., perhaps be used as the judgement information that metallurgical operations ends.In addition, hygroscopic measured value also can be used as with these gasometry information and judge in the said vesse or the information of reaction in furnace situation except as the judgement information that leaks.

About the using method of this device, in order to cool off the high-temp waste gas that in the off gas treatment of vacuum refinement container 1, produces, pipeline establish gas cooler 16 midway, in addition, pipeline midway also carries out water-cooled.At ordinary times, measure the relative humidity that monitors waste gas with the mode of this countermeasure at the back segment of particle collector.For example, in vacuum refinement, chap on the water pipe of gas cooler 16, water coolant sprays in waste gas.Leaking because of pyritous waste gas evaporates of this moment, because the steam partial pressure of waste gas rises, the wet bulb thermometer 25 that is arranged on back segment can detect the rising of its relative humidity.That is,, the occasion that continues high humidity in the certain hour is judged as the generation of leaking, carries out the disposal in the operation of equipment with respect to the relative humidity of not having the waste gas under the standard state of leaking in the waste gas stream.In addition, be not only limited to detection humidity, can detect steam partial pressure yet.

Object lesson as the disposal in the operation of equipment, detect leak after, importantly on the repairing work that leaks, to take required measure, for example break off metallurgical furnace and exhaust pipeline relation or the equipment bypass path occasion, take to the path change of bypass side etc., the rapid repairing work at the place that leaks.Come out in the early detection of leaking, in most cases the place of Xiu Buing also is slight, repairs easily, just can finish in a short time.In addition, also can according to circumstances only give the alarm, stop machine run etc. aptly.

Usually, carry out the occasion that hygroscopy in the waste gas or gasometry are measured,, will analyze with the direct supply analysis meter of waste gas with the waste gas in the suction pump attraction pipeline in a part of separating waste gas.Therefore, suction pump can be with 1 grade.But, carrying out the hygroscopy of the waste gas under the vacuum or the occasion that gasometry is measured, suction pump must constitute by 2 grades.Below narrate its reason.Under vacuum, attract the occasion of waste gas,, according to vacuum tightness big variation is arranged with the absolute flow rate (gas flow of standard state conversion) of same suction pump, the waste gas that from vacuum, attracts because the gas of supply analysis device is the pressure suitable with normal atmosphere.That is, compare during with rough vacuum, attract the absolute flow rate of waste gas when high vacuum, to become quite little.Therefore, use the occasion of same suction pump, supply with the gas flow variation big that wet bulb thermometer or Gas Analyzers detect because of vacuum tightness has.On the other hand, in order highly to keep the mensuration precision of moisture detector or gas-analysis apparatus, the gas flow that must avoid supplying with these metrical instruments changes.As countermeasure suction pump is constituted by 2 grades.

In addition, the steam partial pressure of the waste gas in the vacuum refinement also has the situation of wanting thereby rising except machine leaks to take place.Subsidiary material such as alloy iron chill unslaked lime to be put in the vacuum refinement container in the operation.These subsidiary material can contain moisture, thereby after input, the steam partial pressure in the waste gas temporarily can rise.The particularly easy moisture absorption of subsidiary material of unslaked lime etc., washiness, thereby the water vapor generating capacity after dropping into can significantly uprise.Therefore, being judged as short circuit with the rising of relative humidity leaks and can become wrong detection.Therefore, the result that the inventor investigates the variation of relative humidity in minute detail can distinguish, the rising of the humidity that causes because of leaking is a successive, what change, but, be in high state, on the other hand in case the humidity that rises can end to handling continuously, because of the rising of adding the humidity that alloy chill subsidiary material etc. cause in the refining vessel is a short-term, the level before the psychromatic ratio after the input during through certain hour drops into reduces.Therefore, the difference of utilizing this humidity level to change, whether can differentiate is to leak from cooling water system.

Thermal source when in addition, having in refining vessel with refining as other essential factors of the rising of humidity in the waste gas beyond leaking is the occasion that purpose, burning contain the geseous fuel of hydrocarbon polymer or solid fuel etc.For example, when nytron system fuel such as container internal combustion LNG, LPG, kerosene, the water vapor of volume can be sneaked in the waste gas in the operation.But time that they are supplied with and feed rate are clear and definite, can compare the mixed volume that precision is inferred the water vapor that enters waste gas well.Therefore, can be fully separate in the measurement result of the steam partial pressure of influence from waste gas with them.

Specifically, being judged as leaks can carry out like that according to following: set increase and decrease that humidity changes and humidity level thereof in advance and add the composition of the alloy chill subsidiary material in the container thus the time to and quantity is obtained in advance and dropped into back humidity time of continuing of rising and also set equally, in addition, set the rising of the humidity of inferring by the service time and the feed rate of the fuel that contains hydrocarbon polymer in advance, when the measured value of the time when successive humidity and humidity rising surpasses above-mentioned setting humidity level (figure) and time horizon, be judged as and leak, and automatically send warning signal or control signal.

Below narration in a refining unit of the present invention the Gas scavenging device and the water-tight lid of backwater hopper.

The waste gas that produces in vacuum refinement container 1, imports in the multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware with particle collector 9 dedustings with gaseous effluent cooler 16 coolings.The multi-stage vacuum gas barrier carries out the 1st time with the No.1 squirt pump repeatedly and attracts, the condensing steam of No.1 condenser with back segment attracts the condensing of steam with No.2 squirt pump, No.2 condenser again, and is last, after the sealed vacuum pump 11 of water attracts, diffuse in the atmosphere by separating tank.

Here, from the Water in Condenser of No.1,2 condensers, from the sealing water of water-lute formula vacuum pump, to be collected in through pipeline 26 from the water coolant of separating tank be in the hot tub 27 of hopper.The water coolant of hot tub 27 is with the water level in the water level gauge management groove, becomes certain water level or certain water level when above, and pump 28 is sent in startup back to, by being returned by the pipeline of sending back to of hot tub 27 to cooling tower 29.The water coolant of handling with cooling tower send water to condenser, water-lute pump etc. with conveying pump 30 by the induction pipe road.As mentioned above, conveying pump is different with the power-supply system of sending pump back to of hot tub usually.

Represented to Fig. 8 pattern the touring detailed example of hot tub 27 water.Hot tub 27 is the concrete structures that are used to store the sealing water etc. of Water in Condenser and water-lute pump, and top is covered with iron plate 52 in several places except that concrete 50.Temporarily saved as the water storage in the hot tub 53 with the water coolant that pipeline 26 flows into from Water in Condenser and water-lute pump seal water, the water storage water level startup conveying pump according to the figure left side is sent to cooling tower 29 by induction pipe road 54.

As previously mentioned, in the prior art, flow into the interior Water in Condenser of hot tub and the sealing water of water-lute pump and follow the bubble that contains CO gas, the CO concentration in the hot tub is risen.In addition, in the time that vacuum refinement is handled, the inflow velocity of these water coolants has big variation, because of in its hot tub or become malleation, or becomes negative pressure.When becoming malleation, can spill the gas that contains CO, be in the state of the murther of CO poisoning near it from the concrete on above-mentioned top and the joint of iron plate.

Thereby, exhaust is set with pipeline 55, with extraction fan 56 gas in the hot tub is discharged from the exhaust outlet hole.But, only because of exhaust, become negative pressure in the hot tub, aforesaid sealing damage, gap enlargement and attract air.Usually do not have any problem, but, just worry that becoming big sealing from the gap of hot tub spills CO and become dangerous state in the occasion that extraction fan hinders for some reason or has a power failure and stop.

Therefore, the inventor finds, by using of the gas exhaust duct exhaust of attraction means from being connected with hot tub top, to take a breath simultaneously with gas in the attraction pipeline importing backwater hopper of ventilation that is connected with hot tub top with gas, just can reduce the negative pressure in the hot tub, thereby the damage of the sealing of concrete and iron plate portion takes place hardly.

Specifically by with the realization of getting off: exhaust is set with pipeline 55 on hot tub top, the extraction fan 56 that is used as the attraction means makes the interior gas of hot tub from the exhaust of exhaust outlet hole, ventilation is set simultaneously with gas pipeline 55-1 on the top of identical hot tub, make air be taken into hole 57 with gas and flow into, carry out the ventilation in the hot tub energetically from ventilation.Here, from cost aspect and secure context, preferably use air with gas as ventilation.

For example, taking place in the groove as ventilation with such scavenging flow shown in the gas flow 58, attract contain the gas of CO on one side, the atmosphere of air become on one side in the hot tub.In addition, because of flowing into air from pipeline, the negative pressure in the hot tub reduces, and the damage of the sealing of the concrete at rear portion and iron plate portion takes place hardly.

In addition, the inventor investigates in minute detail the relation of interior pressure in the hot tub and vacuum refinement operation, and is such as described above, not only can become negative pressure in the hot tub, and or become malleation, perhaps become negative pressure.For example, begin preceding operation as vacuum operating following working method is arranged: the vacuum valve 23 of closing Fig. 4, the sealed vacuum pump 11 of water makes from particle collector 9 to vacuum pump and becomes preliminary vacuum (below be designated as preliminary vacuum) between 11 and handle, in the time of with the operation beginning, open vacuum valve 23, make the vacuum refinement vessel side become vacuum.At this moment, the vacuum tightness rapid deterioration of preliminary vacuum side is (for example, from 1.33 * 10 ⁴Pa to 6.67 * 10 ⁴Pa), for this reason, Water in Condenser flows in the hot tub sharp, and the gas in a certain short period of time in the hot tub is compressed, and becomes high malleation.In the applicant's investigation, reach 1.96 * 10 ³Pa or 1.96 * 10 ³A large amount of hot gas can appear more than the Pa.Therefore, even extraction fan attracts, in this timing, can not keep being in the hot tub negative pressure.But, use method of the present invention, because the damage of sealing is little, so the leakage of gas is few, in addition, owing to the gas of replacing energetically with air in the hot tub,, also can make the CO gas that contains reach the healthy no problem level fully that goes up so spill a spot of gas even become malleation in the hot tub.

Fig. 9 illustration the situation (side-view) of water-tight lid 51 is set in 2 places.

The water-tight lid 51 on top that is arranged on hot tub is by 2 layers of piped cylindrical vessel that have urceolus 59 and inner core 60 on the iron plate 52 on hot tub top and can insert this inner/outer tube intermediary and cut off and cover 61 and constitute, as required, use weight 62 in order to improve the quality of cutting off lid.But owing to only cut off the quality of lid as a rule, the gas that cannot stand in the hot tub is pressed, so preferred usually and use weight.

Specifically, inner core 59 is lower than urceolus 60, is cutting off under the states that cover 61 insertions, and water-tight lid is supplied with from the outside of urceolus 60 with sealing water.Usually, enter the inner core side, overflow to the inwall of inner core from the upper end of inner core and flow in the hot tub and feed water like that from the urceolus side of cutting off lid according to sealing water.

Even can make the hot tub gas inside also can not disconnect such height that seals water that designs with sealing water during according to common vacuum refinement operation to the pressure change sealing water that the outside spills hot water pool gas generation malleation negative pressure.But, when overflowing the inside that is filled to water-tight lid,, cutting off and cover 61 and rise because of the rising of the water surface because of the water in foregoing any reason hot tub, water overflows to the outside from covering the gap of inner/outer tube with partition.By this, the power that produces between the iron plate on hot tub top and concrete junction surface can have big mitigation, and the damage of sealing can be suppressed to extremely slight.

Be arranged on the size of the water-tight lid in the hot tub and quantity as long as according to the settings that suit such as the total water yield of the Water in Condenser that is supplied to and water-lute vacuum pump with sealing water etc.For example, the above-mentioned total water yield is the occasion about 600t/h, puts the water-tight lid of going to the outside with the water yield that water-tight lid will be overflowed, and can enumerate the water-tight lid of the drum of the diameter 500mm that is arranged on 2 places as the embodiment of general knowledge.

Below, narrate the preferred setting range of the quality of above-mentioned partition lid.As described above, the pressure in the hot tub can reach 1.96 * 10 sometimes ³Pa or 1.96 * 10 ³More than the Pa.Though pressure is little, when this pressure being applied on the big area of certain degree, just become big power.If describe with above-mentioned water-tight lid, owing to be the drum of diameter 500mm, so apply 1.96 * 10 ³During the pressure of Pa, cover 61 for cutting off, the jack-up power of about 40kg is had an effect.Therefore, be the occasion of 10kg in the deadweight that cuts off lid, must increase the 30kg weight, regulate like that according to surpassing 40kg.Therefore, if carry out generalization, must make the partition lid 61 of the cover of water-tight lid satisfy following (1) formula with the quality that increases weight 62:

(W1+W2) * 9.8＞P * S (1) formula

Wherein, W1: the quality (kg) of cutting off lid

W2: be placed on the quality (kg) of cutting off the weight that covers

P: the maximum gas pressure (Pa) that acts on backwater hopper inside

S: the inner face of movable partition lid is projected in the maximum area (m on the horizontal plane ²).

In Fig. 9, W1+W2 represents the total quality of movable partition lid 61 and weight 62, and P represents the maximum gas pressure in the hot tub, and S represents to cut off and covers 61 horizontally-projected area.

Below narrate the preferred water-lute height of above-mentioned partition lid.As described above, the pressure in the hot tub can reach 1.96 * 10 sometimes ³Pa or 1.96 * 10 ³More than the Pa.Therefore must disconnect and gas does not escape to the outside water-lute height of guaranteeing like that to a certain degree according to water-lute.

For example among Fig. 9, apply 1.96 * 10 in inside ³During the pressure P of Pa, cut off the high approximately 200mm of water level of the water table ratio inboard, the outside of covering 61 sidewall.Therefore, consider to connect the height Lmm on the inside and outside sealing current road that cuts off lid, the height H of cutting off the urceolus 59 in the outside of covering sidewall must surpass (200+L).

Therefore, if carry out generalization, the water-lute height of water-tight lid must satisfy following (2) formula:

H-L＞9.8 * 10 ³* P (2) formula

Wherein, H: the height (m) of the urceolus in the outside of the sidewall of the partition lid of water-tight lid

P: the maximum gas pressure (Pa) that is applied to backwater hopper inside

L: the height (m) on the sealing current road between the inner core～urceolus in the water-tight lid.

Embodiment

Be applicable to the present invention during melting SUS304 stainless steel in the AOD stove of 60 tons of molten steel amounts shown in Figure 1 (8 quality %Ni-18 quality %Cr).In the normal atmosphere refining, carry out bottom blowing with mode shown in Fig. 1 (b), simultaneously according to necessity and use top blast, in the refining of reducing pressure, carry out bottom blowing after reducing pressure in making refining vessel with mode shown in Fig. 1 (a).[C] concentration in molten steel when melting begins is 1.6% approximately, [C] reaches and took off the carbon refining to 0.04% o'clock, then, make container inner pressure return to normal atmosphere on one side, be added to the Fe-Si alloy iron as reductive agent of the chromium of oxidation in the reduction decarburization on one side, reduce processing by only being blown into Ar gas, tap to ladle.

(embodiment 1)

Pattern shown in the employing table 1 is carried out refining.The 1st step adopts the normal atmosphere refining, carries out the top bottom blowing, and bottom blown gas adopts oxygen separately.[C] concentration is at 0.5%～0.15% o'clock, as the 2nd step, in the 2nd step, container inner pressure is taken as the 2 stage pressure that (33kPa) held in the palm in 350 holders (46kPa) and 250, and the amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas is respectively 0.9 and 0.5Nm ³/ minute, be blown into gas and adopt oxygen separately.The 3rd step is taken as the 2 stage pressure that (5kPa) held in the palm in 100 holders (13kPa), 40 with container inner pressure, and the amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas is kept 0.5Nm ³/ minute, take off carbon refining to [C] concentration and reach 0.04%.

In the 1st step, be blown into oxygen separately until [C] concentration to 0.5%, thereby the decarburization oxygen efficiency is low, the oxidation of [Cr] increases, but can cut down the usage quantity of high price Ar gas.In addition, in the scope of [C] of the 1st step concentration 0.7%～0.5%, if the O of bottom blown gas ₂/ Ar is to get 1/0 than not, but gets 4/1, though then the usage quantity of high price Ar gas increases, can improve the decarburization oxygen efficiency in this [C] scope.

In the 2nd step, be increased to 0.9～0.5Nm by the amount of being blown into bottom blown gas ³/ minute, can keep decarburization oxygen efficiency on one side, can make container inner pressure rise to 350 holder (46kPa)～250 holders (33kPa) on one side, the result can realize the reduction of dust generating capacity, can realize the shortening of refining time simultaneously.

Even in the 3rd step, by making container inner pressure under the condition of 100 holders (13kPa), 40 holders (5kPa), the amount of being blown into of keeping bottom blown gas is 0.5Nm ³/ minute, also can keep high decarburization oxygen efficiency, help the shortening of refining time.

Table 1

(comparative example 1)

Pattern shown in the employing table 2 is carried out refining.[C] concentration was carried out the atmosphere refining at 1.6%～0.4% o'clock, and [C] concentration is 0.4% or 0.4% when following, the refining of reducing pressure.Refining condition in the normal atmosphere refining is identical with the step 1 of embodiment 1.The 0.3Nm of measuring that is blown into the bottom blown gas in the decompression refining in the past ³/ minute.Because the amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas is few, so from reduction that prevents the decarburization oxygen efficiency and the viewpoint that prevents the increase of dust generating capacity, even container inner pressure is maximum, also in 150 holders (20kPa).

The amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas is compared absolute few with example of the present invention, so refining time prolongs significantly, compares with embodiment 1, and the decompression refining time spends 2.5 times approximately, and all refining times also need about 1.8 times.Therefore, when continuous casting can not continuous-feeding, realize the sequence casting of casting.

Table 2

(embodiment 2)

In the 1st decompression refining, when decarburization proceeds to [C] concentration 0.08%, once returning to normal atmosphere, reduce pressure once more, take off the carbon refining until target [C] concentration.The speed that is blown into of the bottom blown gas in the decompression refining is molten steel 0.5Nm per ton ³/ minute.Table 3 has been represented real result of the present invention.

In comparative example, carry out successive decompression refining until [C] concentration that reaches target.The speed that is blown into of the bottom blown gas in the decompression refining is reaching during 0.15% until [C] concentration, gets and the same molten steel 0.5Nm per ton of the present invention's example ³/ minute, in [C] concentration range lower, get molten steel 0.3Nm per ton same than it ³/ minute.Table 4 has been represented the real result of comparative example.

Table 3

Table 4

In the comparative example shown in the table 4, the carbon refining of taking off of carrying out [C] concentration from 0.08% to 0.01% needs 21 minutes time.On the other hand, in the present invention shown in the table 3,, recover pressure time and decompression time and just finished with 8 minutes altogether taking off the carbon refining of [C] concentration from 0.08% to 0.01%.That is, compared with the past if use the present invention when the Ultra-low carbon chrome-bearing steel liquid of refining identical [C] concentration target 0.01%, even can shorten 13 minutes refining time.

As the result that can shorten the Decarburising and refining time, can obtain the unit consumption of rare gas element reduction, by life-span of refining vessel prolong the unit consumption of the refractory materials that causes reduction, be used in the effect of the reduction etc. of the thermosteresis that vacuum exhaust causes with the reduction of the unit consumption of the steam of vapor jet pump, by long-time refining.In addition,, also needn't prolong smelting time significantly and melting with the ultra low-carbon steel of method of the present invention with respect to common [C] concentration steel, thereby, sequence casting can be become with continuous casting.

The present invention when scope 0.2～0.5% of middle carbon range, particularly [C], by carrying out the strong mixing of molten steel, can (under 33～53kPa) the pressure, carry out the decompression refining of high decarburization oxygen efficiency in 250～400 holders in the decompression refining of chrome-bearing steel liquid.Consequently, the generation of dust can be suppressed, in addition, the shortening of refining time can be sought owing to the increase of the amount of being blown into that can seek bottom blown gas.

In addition, even the present invention is than carrying out above-mentioned 250～400 holders (in higher [C] scope of [C] scope of 33～53kPa) decompression operation, select higher pressure as the atmosphere in the refining vessel, just can not adopt the normal atmosphere operation and adopt decompression operation, thereby can cut down the usage quantity of expensive rare gas element, boost productivity simultaneously.

When the present invention carries out the Decarburising and refining of Ultra-low carbon chrome-bearing steel liquid in the AOD pressure reduced refining furnace, can adopt decarburization in the refining under reduced pressure to proceed under to a certain degree the situation, make pressure in the container once rise, make then pressure 2 sections reduced pressure treatment of purified under descending once again, recovers to reduce pressure, compared with the past, by further increasing the amount of being blown into of bottom blown gas significantly, can be implemented in increasing substantially of the interior decarbonization rate of low carbon range, whole carbon refining time of taking off is shortened significantly.This result can make [C] concentration in 0.01 quality % or the cheap and easy manufacturing of the Ultra-low carbon chrome-bearing steel below the 0.01 quality %.

In addition, the present invention has established under vacuum liquation has been carried out oxygen decarburization purified occasion, the vacuum pumping hardware that can control the vacuum tightness in the vacuum refining furnace or in the pipeline and control method.Effect in the operation of equipment that obtains thus is as follows.

The 1st, the shortening of whole vacuum processing time can be sought, thereby the life-span of the refractory materials of vacuum refining furnace can be boosted productivity and improve.

The 2nd, can prevent effectively that the spray of the matrix metal splashings in the vacuum refinement from rising, the play of matrix metal is boiled etc., thereby can seek to prevent that alloy from adding the blocked top cover cling matrix metal that prevents in hole and preventing that the vacuum exhaust pipeline is blocked etc.By this, equipment downtime shortens significantly, can reach the raising of the reduction operation productivity of maintenance cost.

In addition, because the present invention does not have to work the fault that causes because of the spray of matrix metal splashings in refining process, and alloy subsidiary material interpolation hole can fully seal, so can cut down the unit consumption of raw material subsidiary material significantly, and the operating time can be shortened, thereby reduce running cost significantly.

In addition, the present invention can detect a spot of the leaking in the exhaust flow path by measuring the humidity that monitors waste gas, leaks thereby can detect in early days, has also improved the reliability of leaking and detecting simultaneously by leaps and bounds.

In addition, the invention provides the gas that can solve the problem of hot tub easily, promptly contain CO from hot tub, spill with hot tub in the method and apparatus of water coolant suppression equipment damage when overflowing.

Claims (12)

1. a refining unit that contains molten chromium, it is characterized in that, in containing a refining unit of molten chromium, dispose the vacuum refinement container in turn, be located at the alloy subsidiary material adding set, gaseous effluent cooler, vacuum valve, 1 grade on vacuum refinement container top or multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware, water-lute formula vacuum pump, and have the vacuum degree control pressure regulator valve that a part that makes the waste gas of discharging from above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump turns back to the upstream side of above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump.

2. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with by regulating the valve opening of above-mentioned vacuum degree control with pressure regulator valve, make the part of the waste gas of from above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump, discharging turn back to the upstream side of the waste gas stream of above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump, control the device of the vacuum tightness in the above-mentioned vacuum vessel.

3. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, if the device of the vacuum tightness of following raising vacuum refinement container: between certain above-mentioned vacuum refinement vessel side of the exhaust side of above-mentioned 1 grade or multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware and above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump and above-mentioned gaseous effluent cooler, dispose vacuum valve, before the processing of vacuum refinement begins, make above-mentioned vacuum valve be closing condition, make above-mentioned squirt pump formula vacuum pumping hardware and above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump become vacuum in advance, when the processing with vacuum refinement begins, make above-mentioned vacuum valve in opened condition.

4. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with in the vacuum refinement container, under vacuum, in refining, when adding the alloy subsidiary material, regulate the valve opening of above-mentioned vacuum degree control in advance with pressure regulator valve, make the upstream side that turns back to above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump below 10% or 10% of exhaust gas flow, regulate the device of the vacuum tightness in the above-mentioned vacuum refinement container immediately.

5. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, setting has the tightness system of seal valve in interpolation hole of the bottom of the above-mentioned alloy subsidiary material adding set of sealing, and in the bottom of above-mentioned seal valve, make the simulation oxygen rifle with above-mentioned tightness system is provided with integratedly or with above-mentioned tightness system interlock and liftably the setting.

6. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the inwall in the interpolation hole of the bottom of above-mentioned alloy subsidiary material adding set and the gap of above-mentioned simulation oxygen rifle, is provided with the sealing gap that blows out sealed gas.

7. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with the middle cover with refrigerating function in the bottom of above-mentioned alloy subsidiary material adding set.

8. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in a refining unit system, be provided with back segment, by measuring one of water vapor humidity in the waste gas at least or steam partial pressure, can detecting the leakage inspector that leaks at above-mentioned gaseous effluent cooler.

9. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, at the back segment of above-mentioned 1 grade or multistage jet pump formula vacuum pumping hardware and above-mentioned water-lute formula vacuum pump, configuration is connected, attaches the backwater hopper in the Gas scavenging device with them.

10. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 9 is characterized in that, on the top of above-mentioned backwater hopper, is provided with the water-tight lid of the partition lid that having is not fixed is provided with.

11. a refining unit that contains molten chromium according to claim 10 is characterized in that, the quality of above-mentioned water-tight lid satisfies following (1) formula:

(W1+W2)×9.8＞P×S (1)

Wherein, W1: the quality (kg) of cutting off lid

W2: be placed on the quality (kg) of cutting off the weight that covers

P: the maximum gas pressure (Pa) that acts on backwater hopper inside

S: the maximum area (m of the inner face horizontal plane projection of movable partition lid ²).

12., it is characterized in that the water seal height of above-mentioned water-tight lid satisfies following (2) formula according to claim 10 or the 11 described a refining units that contain molten chromium:

H-L＞9.8×10 ³×P (2)

Wherein, H: the height (m) of the urceolus in the outside of the sidewall of the partition lid of water-tight lid

P: the maximum gas pressure (Pa) that acts on backwater hopper inside

L: the height (m) on the sealing current road between the inner core-urceolus in the water-tight lid.

Images